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PLASTIC AND SYNTHETIC

MATERIALS

PLASTIC
A plastic material is any of a wide range
of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that
are moldable. Plastics are typically organic
polymers of high molecular mass, but they often
contain other substances. They are usually
synthetic, most commonly derived
from petrochemicals, but many are partially
natural

The following table illustrates the most


common types and usage of plastics, their
applications and the symbol which is often
used to identify them on forms of plastic
packaging.

Polymer
Types

Examples of
applications/usages

Polyethylene
Terephthalate

Fizzy drink and water bottles. Salad trays.

High Density
Polyethylene

Milk bottles, bleach, cleaners and most


shampoo bottles.

Polyvinyl
Chloride

Plumbing pipes and guttering, shower


curtains, window frames, flooring.

Low Density
Polyethylene

Carrier bags, BIN LINERS and


packaging films.

Symbols

Polymer
Types

Polypropylene

Polystyrene

Unallocated
References

Examples of
applications/usages
Margarine tubs, microwaveable meal trays,
also produced as fibres and filaments
for carpets, wall coverings and vehicle
upholstery.
Yoghurt pots, foam hamburger boxes and
egg cartons, Plastic cutlery, protective
packaging for electronic goods and toys.
Insulating material in the building
and construction industry.
Any other plastics that do not fall into any
of the above categories - for example
polycarbonate which is often used in
glazing for the aircraft industry

Symbols

PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC AND


SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
Plastics have properties that make
ideal building materials. Some of these
properties are:
Plastics are strong yet lightweight, and so they are
easy to transport & manoeuvre.
They are durable, knock-and scratch resistant
with excellent weatherability.
They do not rot or corrode.

PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC AND


SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
Plastics are easy to install; many have a snap-fit
kind of jointing procedures.
Plastics offer limitless possibilities in design
achieved by extrusion, bending, moulding etc.
They can be given any range of colours by adding
pigments.
The plastics are low conductors of heat and thus
are used as insulation materials in green building
concepts

PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC AND


SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
The plastics products can achieve tight seals.
They can be sawn and nailed employing
standard carpentry tools and skills.
They can be easily removed and recycled.
They are bad conductors of electricity.

PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Pipes
Water &

: Electrical Conduits, Rain


Sewage pipes, Plumbing,

Gas

Distributions.
Cables

: PVC Insulation on cables,


Insulation Tapes.

PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Domes / : Opaque as well as
transparent.
sky lights

Roofing
for

: Coloured or Double skinned


insulation.

Windows : Extruded sections for Door


and

PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Storage
tanks

Storage tanks.

Hardware :
Sleeves,
accessories

Washers, Nut bolts,

Temporary :
structures

Guard cabins, tents

Anchoring wires.

PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Insulation
materials

PVC sheets, insulating


membranes.

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

PLASTIC PRODUCTS

LIMITATIONS
Plastics may be degraded under the action of
direct sunlight which reduces their mechanical
strength.
Many plastics are flammable unless treated.
High embodied energy content
Low modulus of elasticity: makes them
unsuitable for load-bearing applications.
Thermoplastics are subject to creep and soften
at moderate temperatures.
Thermal expansion for most plastics is high:
adequate thermal movement has to be
allowed in detailing.

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