Indice:

Presente Simple
o El verbo TO BE
o Verbos Modales Auxiliares
o Otros verbos
Imperativos
TO DO y TO MAKE
Presente Perfecto
I WOULD LIKE, I'D LIKE, etc.
TO HAVE
o Uso de HAVE como auxiliar en el Presente Perfecto y Pasado
Perfecto

o Uso de HAVE para indicar posesin

o Uso de HAVE para referirse a otras acciones que no son
exactamente posesin

THERE IS y THERE ARE

Numeros
La Hora
Preguntas y Palabras Interrogativas
SHOULD
Presente Simple
Presente Continuo

 Voz Pasiva y Voz Activa

Pasado Simple y Presente Perfecto
Pronombres Relativos
USED TO
Estilo Indirecto
Los artculos
Condicional Pasado
Formas Comparativa y Superlativa de los adjetivos

Presente Simple
El verbo TO BE
El verbo to be es irregular y tiene tres formas: am, is, are, I am he is
she is it is we are you are they are
La tercera persona del singular o del plural puede por supuesto ser un
nombre.
Ejemplo:
My friend is from London.
My friends are from London.
Las formas cortas (o 'contractas') son: Im hes shes its were
youre theyre
La forma corta 's tambin se puede usar con nombres.
Ejemplo:
My friends from London.

El negativo de to be se forma aadiendo not: I am not he is not she

is not it is not we are not you are not they are not
Formas cortas: Im not he isnt she isnt it isnt we arent you
arent they arent
En la forma interrogativa, el verbo se coloca delante del nombre o
pronombre.
Ejemplo:
Are you from Prague?
Is your friend from London?
Are they Italian?
Is Catherine English?
Are Peter and his wife and children happy?

Verbos Modales Auxiliares

Los verbos modales auxiliares (can, could, must, may, might, shall,
should, will, would) tienen una sola forma.
Tambin existen formas cortas afirmativas para shall ('ll) will ('ll) and
would ('d)
Ejemplos:
Ill go tomorrow.
Theyll be here later.
Shed come if she could.
El negativo se forma aadiendo not: can not se escribe como una sola
palabra: cannot
El resto son could not, must not, etc.

Formas cortas: cant couldnt mustnt mightnt shant shouldnt

wont wouldnt
No existe forma corta para may not.
En la forma interrogativa, el verbo se coloca delante del nombre o
pronombre.
Ejemplo:
Can you speak English?
Will John and his wife and friends come?
May I come in?

Otros verbos
Todos los dems verbos poseen dos formas afirmativas:
a. Igual que el Infinitivo sin to. Se usa con la Primera y Segunda
Persona del Singular, y la Primera, Segunda y Tercera Persona del
Plural.
b. Igual que el Infinitivo, ms s or es. Esta forma se usa en Tercera
Persona del Singular
Ejemplo:
I live, you live, we live, they live, John and Mary live.
He lives, John lives, she lives, Mary lives, it lives, this animal lives
in Africa.
El negativo se forma con el auxiliar DO o DOES (Tercera Persona
Singular) y NOT, delante de la forma infinitiva del verbo.
Ejemplos:
I do not live in London.
You do not live in London.

 He/she/it does not live in London.

We do not live in London.
They do not live in London.
Las formas cortas son DONT y DOESNT.
Ejemplos:
I dont live in London.
You dont live in London.
He/she it doesnt live in London.<<
We dont live in London.
They dont live in London.
DO y DOES tambin se usan en la forma interrogativa. La estructura es
invariable:
DO/DOES + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE (sin to)
Ejemplos:
Do you live here?
What do you want?
Where do you and your family live?
Why do so many people all over the world drink CocaCola?
Does she like music?
What does Peter want?
Where does John live?

 Where does your other brother Paul live?

What does your friend from Italy think?

Imperativos
Es fcil dar rdenes o instrucciones en ingls, ya que existe una sola
forma de dirigirse a las personas YOU. No importa si ests hablando
con una sola persona o ms de una. No importa si ests hablando con
una persona joven o mayor, un amigo o una persona a quien no conoces.
Para el imperativo afirmativo, simplemente usa el infinitivo (sin to).
Ejemplos:
Sit down.
Come here.
Listen everybody.
Tell me your name.
Open the window.
Help me!
Si se quiere aadir un grado ms de cortesa, puedes aadir please, o
usar una construccin diferente como Will you sit down, please? o
Could you open the window, please? o Would you mind sitting down,
please? Para el imperativo negativo, simplemente usa DONT' delante
del infinitivo (sin to).
Ejemplos:
Dont sit down.
Dont open the window.
Dont do that.
Dont worry!

TO DO y TO MAKE
En general, TO MAKE significa crear algo, y TO DO significa realizar una
accin, pero a veces es necesario aprenderse la expresin. He aqu
algunos ejemplos comunes:
MAKE
make a phonecall
make an appointment
make arrangements
make a photocopy
make a cup of tea or coffee
make a change
make a mistake
make a noise
make a promise
make a plan
make money
DO
do a job
do the washing
do the washing up
do the dishes
do the shopping

 do a favour
do an exercise
do the housework
do a course
do a lot of sport
do justice

Presente Perfecto
El Presente Perfecto describe una situacin en el presente. NO puede
usarse para referirse a una accin realizada en un momento especfico
en el pasado. Por ejemplo la frase I have finished the report es
CORRECTA.
Significa simplemente que el informe est terminado. No hay ninguna
indicacin de cundo lo termin.
La frase I have finished the report yesterday NO es correcta porque
yesterday se refiere a un momento especfico en el pasado, as quqe
debemos usar el Pasado Simple: I finished the report yesterday.

I WOULD LIKE, I'D LIKE, etc.

I WOULD LIKE (o ID LIKE) Esta es la Forma Condicional del verbo to
like. Cuidado de no confundirlo con la forma simple.
Por ejemplo:
Would you like fish? Pregunto si quieres pescado ahora.
Do you like fish? Pregunto si te gusta el pescado en general.

TO HAVE
PRESENTE

Afirmativo:
I, you, we, they have or 've
he, she, it has or 's

Negativo:
I, you, we, they have not or havent
he, she, it has not or hasnt
Interrogativo:
Have I, you, we, they?
Has he, she, it?
PASADO
Afirmativo:
I, you, we, they had or 'd
he, she, it had or 'd
Negativo:
I, you, we, they had not or hadnt
he, she, it had not or hadnt
Interrogativo:
Had I, you, we, they?
Had he, she, it?
HAVE se usa de tres maneras diferentes:

1. como auxiliar en Presente Perfecto y Pasado Perfecto

2. para indicar posesin
3. para referirse a otras acciones que no son exactamente posesin

Uso de HAVE como auxiliar en el Presente Perfecto y

Pasado Perfecto
Ejemplos:
Ive finished.
Have you finished?
I havent finished.
Hes finished.
Has he finished?
He hasnt finished.
Theyve arrived.
John and Mary have arrived.
I had already arrived before John came.
Id already arrived before John came.
I told him I had not finished.
I told him I hadnt finished.

Uso de HAVE para indicar posesin

a. HAVE se puede usar sin los auxiliares DO/DOES/DONT/DOESNT.
I have an appointment.

 Have you an appointment?

He has a big car.
Has he a problem?
We havent time.
She hasnt time.
a. Muchas veces esta forma 'simple' se refuerza con got (participio
pasado
de get). En este caso por supuesto estamos usando tcnicamente un
Presente Perfecto de get con have como auxiliar igual que en 1) arriba,
as que los auxiliares DO/DOES/DONT/DOESNT no son necesarios.
I have an appointment. - Ive got an appointment.
Have you an appointment? - Have you got an appointment?
He has a big car. - Hes got a big car.
Has he a problem? - Has he got a problem?
We havent time. - We havent got time.
She hasnt time. - She hasnt got time.
En un estilo coloquial, a menudo se omite el have y el pronombre,
especialmente en preguntas con you:
Sorry. (Ive) Got to go.
(Have you) Got any money?
a. HAVE para posesin tambin se puede usar como verbo normal,
con los
auxiliares DO/DOES/DONT/DOESNT/DID/DIDNT.

 I have an appointment.
Do you have an appointment?
He has a big car.
Does he have a problem?
We dont have time.
She doesnt have time.
Este uso generalmente se ha considerado como ingls americano pero
se est extiendo a otras partes del mundo de habla inglesa,
especialmente en Pasado Simple:
I had an appointment.
Did you have an appointment?
I didnt have time.

Uso de HAVE para referirse a otras acciones que no son

exactamente posesin
Ejemplos:
have a baby
have a bath
have a shower
have fun
have a good trip
have an accident
have a look

 have a break
have breakfast
have lunch
have dinner
have a drink
have a cup of tea
have a good time
Tambin en el uso 'causativo', o sea pedir o decir a alguien que haga
algo en tu lugar:
Theyre going to have their house painted.
When was the last time you had the oil changed?
En todos estos casos HAVE se usa siempre como verbo normal con los
auxiliaresDO/DOES/DONT/DOESNT/DID/DIDNT:
When did she have the baby?
What did you have for breakfast?
Did you have a good trip?
Did you have your computer fixed?
What time do you usually have dinner?
I dont normally have lunch at home.
We didnt have a very good time.
He doesnt have his hair cut very often.

THERE IS y THERE ARE

THERE IS (singular) y THERE ARE (plural)

AFIRMATIVO
THERE IS, y tambin la forma corta THERES
THERE ARE no tiene forma corta escrita.
Ejemplo:
Theres a tree in the garden.
There are two trees in the garden.
Nota: En una lista, el uso de singular o plural depende del primer
elemento.
Ejemplo:
Theres a book, a pen and a telephone on the table.
There are two books, a pen and a telephone on the table.
NEGATIVO
Singular: THERE IS NOT o THERE ISNT
Plural: THERE ARE NOT o THERE ARENT
Ejemplo:
There isnt any bread on the table.
There arent any rooms free.
Nota: En lugar de NOT + ANY tambin se puede usar el afirmativo con el
cuantificador cero NO.
Ejemplo:
Theres no bread on the table.

 There are no rooms free.

INTERROGATIVO
Singular: IS THERE ..?
Plural: ARE THERE ..?
Ejemplo:
Is there any bread on the table?
Are there any rooms free?

Numeros
CARDINALES

ORDINALES

one

first

two

second

three

third

four

fourth

five

fifth

six

sixth

seven

seventh

eight

eighth

nine

ninth

10

ten

tenth

11

eleven

eleventh

12

twelve

twelfth

13

thirteen

thirteenth

14

fourteen

fourteenth

15

fifteen

fifteenth

16

sixteen

sixteenth

17

seventeen

seventeenth

18

eighteen

eighteenth

19

nineteen

nineteenth

20

twenty

twentieth

21

twenty-one

twenty-first

22

twenty-two

twenty-second

30

thirty

thirtieth

40

forty

fortieth

50

fifty

fiftieth

60

sixty

sixtieth

70

seventy

seventieth

80

eighty

eightieth

90

ninety

ninetieth

100

one hundred

one hundredth

101

one hundred and one

one hundred and first

1000

one thousand

one thousandth

1001

one thousand and one

one thousand and first

etc

etc

etc
1237

one thousand two hundred and thirty- one thousand two hundred and thirtyseven
seventh

etc
1000000

one million

one millionth

Notas:
one hundred, one thousand, one million tambin se pueden
expresar como a hundred, a thousand, a million.
hundred, thousand, million son invariables, por ejemplo two
hundred euros, three thousand cars, six million inhabitants. Slo
llevan la s del plural cuando se usan como nombres, por ejemplo
hundreds of people, thousands of cars, millions of euros.
ZERO tambin se puede expresar como NOUGHT. Por ejemplo:
0.05 puede pronunciarse zero point zero five o nought point
nought five.
En los nmeros de telfono cada dgito se pronuncia por separado
y la letra O se usa a menudo en vez de ZERO: por ejemplo 349609
es three four nine six oh nine.

 En los resultados de ftbol se dice NIL en vez de ZERO, por

ejemplo 4-0 es four nil.
En el tenis LOVE se usa en vez de ZERO: 6-0 es six love.
ORDINALES: tienen estas formas abreviadas escritas: first
1st, second 2nd, third 3rd, y los dems con th, por
ejemplo fifteenth 15th, ninety-sixth 96th.
Los ORDINALES tambin se usan para fracciones otras que half y
quarter, por ejemplo two thirds, three fifths, y para fechas, por
ejemplo 1st January - the first of January o January 1st - January
the first.
Hasta el ao 2000, los aos se pronuncian como dos nmeros
separados, por ejemplo 1492 fourteen ninety two, 1941 nineteen
forty-one. 1600, 1700 etc. se pronuncian como sixteen
hundred, nineteen hundred etc., pero para 2000 decimos two
thousand y para 2001, 2002 etc decimos two thousand and
one, two thousand and two etc.

La Hora
En el mundo de habla inglesa la mayora de la gente no usa el reloj de 24
horas, prefiriendo usar a.m. y p.m.. Se puede decir la hora o bien en
formato 'digital' o 'tradicional':
4 a.m. Its four a.m.

Its four oclock.

4.05

Its four oh five.

Its five past four.

5.10

Its five ten.

Its ten past five.

6.15

Its six fifteen.

Its quarter past six.

7.20

Its seven twenty.

Its twenty past seven.

8.25

Its eight twenty-five.

Its twenty-five past eight.

9.30

Its nine thirty.

Its half past nine.

10.35

Its ten thirty-five.

Its twenty-five to eleven.

11.40

Its eleven forty.

Its twenty to twelve.

12.45

Its twelve forty-five.

Its quarter to one.

13.50

Its one fifty p.m.

Its ten to two.

14.55
15.00

Its two fifty-five p.m. Its five to three.

Its three p.m.

Its three oclock.

Preguntas y Palabras Interrogativas

Una frase en la que WHO o WHAT o WHICH es el sujeto del verbo es
estructuralmente afirmativa y por lo tanto no se requiere ningn auxiliar.
Ejemplos:
He lives here.
She lives here.
John lives here.
Who lives here?
Estructuralmente todas estas frases son afirmativas, pero Who lives
here? es una pregunta porque WHO en s mismo es una palabra
interrogativa.
Comprese:
Who did you see? (you es el sujeto)
Who saw you? (who es el sujeto)

SHOULD

SHOULD y el negativo SHOULDNT son invariables y se usan para

indicar obligacin moral, consejos, o recomendaciones fuertes. Es menos
categrico que MUST. Cuidado de NO pronunciar la letra 'L'.

Presente Simple
El Presente Simple es usado para:
Estados permanentes, acciones repetidas, rutinas cotidianas, verdades
generales, horarios (trenes, aviones etc.) y programas.
Ejemplos:
He works in a bank.
I go swimming every Friday.
Mary usually gets up at 8 oclock.
The sun rises in the east.
What time does the flight leave?
We arrive in London next Friday and leave on Sunday.

Presente Continuo
Se usa para:
Acciones que tienen lugar ahora, acciones e intenciones ya planeadas
para el futuro, y con 'always' para indicar irritacin ante cosas que
ocurren con demasiada frecuencia.
Ejemplos:
Hes working in Scotland at the moment.
Im going swimming tomorrow.
What time are you leaving tomorrow morning?

 Youre always complaining.

Voz Pasiva y Voz Activa

La VOZ ACTIVA es cuando el sujeto de un verbo lleva a cabo la accin.
Ejemplo:
The judge sent him to prison.
Aqu the judge es el sujeto y him es el OBJETO o COMPLEMENTO
DIRECTO del verbo.
En la VOZ PASIVA el sujeto del verbo sufre o recibe la accin.
Ejemplo:
He was sent to prison.
Aqu he es el sujeto del verbo pero recibe la accin.
La Voz Pasiva en ingls tiene esta estructura:
Sujeto - Forma Correcta de TO BE - Participio pasado (Agente)
Si es necesario o til, el 'agente' se puede mencionar, usando 'by'.
Ejemplo:
He was sent to prison by the judge.
Un COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO tambin puede convertirse en sujeto
de la voz pasiva.
Ejemplo:
Somebody gave me a book. I was given a book.
En este caso, es el complemento indirecto me que se convierte en
sujeto, y no el complemento directoa book.

Pasado Simple y Presente Perfecto

Usamos el Pasado Simple cuando hablamos de una accin individual o

repetida en un momento concreto del pasado. Usamos el Presente
Perfecto para hablar de una situacin presente o el resultado de acciones
pasadas.
Por ejemplo: He has come significa simplemente He is here. Es
imposible decir He has come yesterday ya que yesterday se refiere al
pasado. Entonces debemos decir He came yesterday.

Pronombres Relativos
WHO, WHICH, THAT y WHAT pueden emplearse como PRONOMBES
RELATIVOS.
WHO se usa slo para personas. WHICH se usa slo para
cosas. THAT puede emplearse para personas y cosas.
WHO, WHICH y THAT pueden ser omitidos cuando son Objeto de la
oracin relativa.
Ejemplos:
Thats the book (which/that) I read last summer.
I spoke to a man (who/whom/that) I knew.
Nota: La forma objeto WHOM se usa poco en ingls moderno..
WHAT significa the thing which, es decir en espaol lo que.
WHOSE se usa para sustituir los adjetivos posesivos, es decir cuyo,
cuya, cuyos, cuyas.
Ejemplo:
Hes a composer whose music is famous everywhere.

USED TO

La forma USED TO describe una accin repetida EN EL PASADO, que

no se produce ahora, o un estado pasado que no existe ahora.
Afirmativo: used to
Ejemplo:
Slovenia used to be part of Yugoslavia.
Negativo: didnt use to
Ejemplo:
Poland didnt use to be part of the EU.
Interrogativo: did .. use to ..?
Ejemplo:
What did people use to do before TV was invented?
Nota: No confundir USED TO con BE USED TO (estar acustombrado a )
o GET USED TO (acustombrarse a), y no confundirlo con el verbo TO
USE (to employ or utilise).
A veces se puede traducir en espaol como sola, solamos etc pero no
siempre, y no se puede usar en presente como equivalente de yo suelo,
suelen etc.

Estilo Indirecto
Estilo Directo quiere decir las palabras exactas empleadas por alguien al
hablar. En Estilo Directo usamos comillas ( ).
Ejemplo:
Jack said Im English.
Se emplea el Estilo Indirecto cuando informamos a una tercera persona
de lo que alguien dijo. En este caso no se usan comillas. Siempre es
correcto usar la conjuncin THAT despus del verbo say, tell, etc., pero
si la frase no es larga y complicada se puede omitir.

Ejemplo:
Jack said (that) he was English.
Nota: Despus de tell hay que usar un complemento indirecto. Si
quieres emplear un complemento indirecto despus de say hay que usar
to.
Ejemplos:
Jack said (that) he was English.
Jack said to me (that) he was English.
Jack told me (that) he was English.
El orden de las palabras en Estilo Indirecto permanece igual que en
Estilo Directo, pero a menudo es necesario cambiar la forma y el tiempo
del verbo, pronombres, posesivos, y expresiones de tiempo.
Ejemplos:
Directo: Jack said: Im going to Italy with my boss next week.
Indirecto: Jack said (that) he was going to Italy with his boss the
following week.
Directo: Mary said to me: I saw your sister yesterday.
Indirecto: Mary told me (that) she had seen my sister the day
before.
Si se usa Estilo Indirecto para narrar una pregunta directa, el resultado es
una afirmacin, no una pregunta, as que no se emplean el orden de
palabras interrogativo ni los auxiliares DO, DOES, DID. Si la pregunta
directa no empieza con una palabra interrogativa
como WHO, WHERE, WHAT, WHEN etc., la pregunta indirecta o narrada
empieza con IF o WHETHER.
Ejemplos:
Directo: They asked me: Whats your name?

 Indirecto: They asked me what my name was.

Directo: She said: Do you understand?
Indirecto: She asked me if (whether) I understood.
Directo: Where do you want to go? he asked.
Indirecto: He asked me where I wanted to go.

Los artculos
No hay gnero en ingls (masculino, femenino, neutro) as que los
artculos son siempre invariables.
Los Artculos Indeterminados son:
A, delante de una consonante, por ejemplo a book y AN delante de
una vocal, por ejemplo an apple o an old book.
El Artculo Determinado es THE. Tambin es invariable en singular y
plural.
Usa A o AN la primera vez que hablas de una cosa.
Ejemplo:
I saw a man with a dog.
Usa THE si vuelves a hablar de la misma cosa.
Ejemplo:
The man was blind but the dog wasnt.
Usa THE si existe un solo ejemplo de algo.
Ejemplo:
The moon goes round the Earth.
The River Thames goes through London.

Usa THE con adjetivos en forma superlativa.

Ejemplo:
The River Danube is the longest river in Europe.
NO USES THE si hablas de algo en general.
Ejemplo:
Do you like fish?
Do they use assistive technology?
Trees are green.
Usa THE si hablas de un caso especfico.
Ejemplo:
Do you like the fish in this restaurant?
Do they use the assistive technology that we installed?
The trees in my garden are beautiful.

Condicional Pasado
El Condicional Pasado (o condicional tercero) se forma con WOULD
HAVE o WOULDNT HAVE y un Participio Pasado, y describe una
situacin irreal o imaginaria en el pasado.
Ejemplo:
I would have accepted the job.
I wouldnt have done that.
En la misma frase que contiene WOULD HAVE, se puede usar IF y un
verbo en Pasado Perfecto.
Ejemplos:

 I would have accepted the job IF THEY HAD OFFERED IT TO ME.

IF THEY HAD OFFERED ME THE JOB, I would have accepted it.

Formas Comparativa y Superlativa de los

adjetivos
1.Adjetivos Cortos: +ER (Comparativo) o +EST (Superlativo)
Ejemplo:
SMALL - SMALLER - SMALLEST
Si el adjetivo corto acaba en E se aade slo R o ST
Ejemplo:
NICE - NICER - NICEST
Si el adjetivo corto tiene una vocal corta, la consonante final se duplica.
Ejemplo:
HOT - HOTTER - HOTTEST
1. Adjetivos cortos acabados en Y: Y cambia a I, + ER or +EST
Ejemplo:
HAPPY - HAPPIER - HAPPIEST
1. Adjetivos largos: MORE + adjetivo o MOST + adjetivo
Ejemplo:
POPULAR - MORE POPULAR - MOST POPULAR
1. Irregular: GOOD - BETTER - BEST; BAD - WORSE - WORST

Fines y objetivos
En esta unidad aprender el vocabulario relacionado con informtica.
Practicar las siguientes habilidades y funciones:
Comprensin y descripcin de los elementos fsicos que componen
el hardware del ordenador
El enfoque gramatical de esta unidad es:
Los artculos

Vocabulario
adaptive
application
arrow key
assistive
attachment

Adaptador
Aplicacin
tecla flecha
Asistivo
archivo adjunto

backup
cartridge
compatible
CPU
cursor
data
database
device
display
download
e-mail
enter key
hard disk
hardware
input
IT
key
keyboard
keypad
laptop
memory
microprocessor
mouse
network
operating system
output
PC
peripheral
printer
program
scanner
screen
spreadsheet
storage
to connect
to crash
to delete
to print
to save
to store
to surf
to update

copia de seguridad
Cartucho
Compatible
CPU
Cursor
Datos
base de datos
dispositivo
display
bajar archivos
correo electrnico
tecla entrar
disco duro
hardware
entrada de datos
informtica/TI
tecla
teclado
teclado
ordenador porttil
memoria
microprocesador
ratn
red
sistema operativo
salida de datos
PC
perifricos
impresora
programa
escner
monitor
hoja de clculo
almacenamiento
conectar
colgarse
borrar
imprimir
guardar
almacenar
navegar
actualizar

to upgrade
virus

actualizar
virus
procesador de textos

word processor

Prctica del vocabulario

Ejercicio 1: Prctica del vocabulario
Complete cada expresin con su traduccin correcta.

1. actualizar

2. almacenar

3. escner

4. teclado

5. ordenador porttil
6. hardware

7. teclado

8. bajar archivos
9. ratn
10.

CPU

11.tecla flecha

12.

compatible

13.

red

14.

correo electrnico

15.

PC

16.

colgarse

17.

almacenamiento

18.

hoja de clculo

19.

aplicacin

20.

programa

21.

archivo adjunto

22.

microprocesador

23.

memoria

24.

asistivo

25.

entrada de datos

26.

adaptivo

27.

monitor

28.

perifricos

29.

impresora

30.

cartucho

31.

actualizar

32.

tecla entrar

33.

informtica/TI

34.

conectar

35.

virus

36.

borrar

37.

tecla

38.

dispositivo

39.

disco duro

40.

datos

41.

procesador de textos

42.

sistema operativo

43.

base de datos

44.

navegar

45.

cursor

46.

imprimir

47.

salida de datos

48.

guardar

49.

copia de seguridad

50.

display

Comprensin auditiva
Ejercicio 1: Seleccin mltiple
Elija la respuesta correcta.

Transcripcin:
A computer is an information processing machine. Information goes in
and results come out. The basic tasks of control and calculation are
carried out by a microprocessor, but when you look at a computer you
only see the peripheral devices, such as the screen, keyboard, mouse
and printer which are connected to the CPU. The equipment or hardware,
however, cannot perform any tasks without instructions in the form of a
program. This is called software. The computer also needs to store data
and software, so the hardware also includes memory chips and other
devices such as a hard disk.
1. The basic tasks of the microprocessor are:

a.

Input and output.

b.

Control and calculation.

c.

Storage and control.

2. Peripheral equipment is:

a.
Screen and keyboard.
b.

Keyboard and mouse.

c.

Devices connected to the CPU.

3. Information is stored:
a.
On the screen.
b.

In memory chips and other devices.

c.

In the keyboard.

4. Another word for information is:

a.
Dates.
b.

Data.

c.

Dating.

5. The mouse is connected to:

a.

The CPU.

b.

The screen.

c.

The printer.

Ejercicio 2: Seleccin mltiple

Elija la respuesta correcta.

Transcripcin:
Instructions and data for the software are fed into the computer from an
input device. The most widely used input device is the keyboard, although
there are other systems such as scanners and voice recognition devices.
The keyboard is usually divided into three sections. The main section has
all the keys for input of letters, numbers and other characters, while on
the right there is a separate numeric keypad. Between them there is a set
of keys which include arrow keys for moving the cursor around the
screen, and along the top there are other special function keys. There are
different keyboards depending on the user's language.
1. The keyboard is:
a.
An output device.
b.

An input device.

c.

A piece of software.

2. Which is correct?
a.
A scanner is a voice recognition device.
b.

A scanner is an input device.

c.

A scanner is an output device.

3. Which is correct?

a.

Keyboards have different sections.

b.

Keyboards have only one type of key.

c.

Keyboards are always the same.

4. Arrow keys allow the user to:

a.
Delete the cursor.
b.

Move the cursor.

c.

Block the cursor.

5. Which is correct?
a.
A Russian keyboard is the same as a French keyboard.
b.

A Japanese keyboard is the same as a Chinese keyboard.

c.

There are different keyboards for different languages.

Ejercicio 3: Seleccin mltiple

Elija la respuesta correcta.

Transcripcin:
Advances in assistive or adaptive technology make it possible for blind or
partially sighted people to be fully independent at work, in school, and at
home. On the market today are devices and software that work with
standard personal computers to create large print, synthetic voice or
Braille output. Most individuals who are blind use standard keyboards.
Braille key labels can help, though Braille input devices are also
available. Speech output systems can be used to read screen text to
blind computer users. Special software programs called screen readers
"read" computer screens, and speech synthesizers "speak" the text.
Refreshable Braille displays allow line-by-line translation of screen text
into Braille. Braille displays can be read quickly by those with advanced
Braille skills. Braille printers provide "hard copy" output for blind users.

1. What is assistive technology?

a.

Technology which helps people with a disability.

b.

Technology for work.

c.

Technology which helps everybody to be independent.

2. Assistive computer technology works with:

a.
Special computers.
b.

Standard computers.

c.

Only a few computers.

3. Which is correct?
a.
Assistive devices and software are something for the
future.
b.
Assistive devices and software are already on the market.
c.

Assistive devices and software only use Braille.

4. Most blind people:

a.
Use special keyboards.
b.

Don't use keyboards.

c.

Use standard keyboards.

5. A screen reader is:

a.
A person.

b.

A device.

c.

A program.

6. What is 'hard copy'?

a.
A printed document.
b.

A CD-ROM.

c.

A hard disk.

Ejercicio 4: Seleccin mltiple

Elija la respuesta correcta.

Transcripcin:
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J

What kind of computer have you got?

I've got an Apple laptop.
How long have you had it?
I've only had it for a couple of months now but I'm very happy with it. I've had PC's of
one kind or another for about 15 years now and I got fed up with all the hardware and
software problems and viruses, so I decided to change to Apple.
What's the difference?
It has a different operating system, it's easier to use, and it doesn't keep crashing. Also
people don't create so many viruses for it.
Maybe, but it's not compatible with PC's, is it? And you can't surf the internet with it,
can you?
Don't be silly. Of course you can. And it has all the usual things that most people use,
like email, word-processor, spreadsheet, and database applications and they're
completely compatible. I mean, if I send you an email with an attachment, you'll be
able to read it and open the document without any problem. Or the other way round.

1. Jonathan has got:

a.
A PC.
b.

A desktop.

c.

A laptop.

2. He's had it:

a.

For a long time.

b.

Two months or so.

c.

For 15 years.

3. Which is correct?
a.
He has had several computers.
b.

It's his first computer.

c.

It's his second computer.

4. Which is correct?
a.
All computers use the same operating system
b.

All computers use different operating systems.

c.

Some computers use different operating systems.

5. Jonathan mentions:
a.
A few applications.
b.

A lot of applications.

c.

No applications.

Comprensin general
Ejercicio 1: Verdadero/Falso
Para cada afirmacin abajo elija Verdadero o Falso.

1. The initials CPU stand for Central Processing Unit.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

2. Hardware cannot perform tasks without software.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

3. Data is often stored on a scanner.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

4. The numeric keypad is on the left of the keyboard.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

5. Arrow keys allow you to move around the screen.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

6. Devices exist for Braille input and output.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

7. Screen readers are people who read screens.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

8. A hard copy is a copy on a hard disk.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

9. The Microsoft Windows operating system never crashes.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

10.
Adaptive technology is another expression for assistive
technology.
VERDADERO
FALSO
?

Ejercicio 2: Completar las frases

Practique hablando. Complete las frases que oiga segn el ejemplo.

Prctica de la gramtica
Ejercicio 1: Transformacin
In this exercise let's practise changing from a sentence without the definitive article to a sentence with the definite
article.

Ejemplo:
Do you like fish? (the fish in this restaurant)
Yes, but not the fish in this restaurant.
1. A. Do you like fish? (the fish in this restaurant)
B.
?

2. A. Do you like Windows? (the latest version)

B.
?

3. A. Modern printers are very fast. (the printer in my office)

B.
?

4. A. Computers always crash. (the computers we use)

B.
?

5. A. Computer software is usually expensive. (the software we are

developing)
B.
?

Ejercicio 2: Transformacin
In this exercise, let's practise changing from `A' to `AN'.

Ejemplo:
Have you got a computer? (old) Yes, but it's an old computer.
1. A. Have you got a computer? (old)
B.
?

2. A. It's a difficult problem. (interesting)

B.
?

3. A. It's a very good program. (expensive)

B.
?

4. A. It's a virus, isn't it? (email virus)

B.
?

5. A. Have you got a question? (important)

B.
?

Ejercicio 3: Seleccin
Elija la respuesta correcta.

1. a.
b.

Last week I bought new computer.

Last week I bought a new computer.

2. a.
b.

I bought the most expensive computer in the shop.

I bought most expensive in the shop.

3. a.
b.

It's a Apple computer.

It's an Apple computer.

4. a.
b.

Network is a number of computers connected together.

A network is a number of computers connected together.

5. a.
b.

Is that the new computer you bought?

Is that new computer you bought?

6. a.
b.
?

I'm sorry. Printer's not working.

I'm sorry. The printer's not working.

7. a.
b.

It probably needs new cartridge.

It probably needs a new cartridge.

8. a.
b.

Have you made backup copy?

Have you made a backup copy?

9. a.
b.

I sent you an attachment with the email.

I sent you attachment with email.

10.a.
b.

What is F12 key for?

What is the F12 key for?

Consolidacin
Ejercicio 1: Verdadero/Falso
Para cada afirmacin abajo elija Verdadero o Falso.

Transcripcin:
Computers have found their way into every part of our lives. They are on
our desks in the office, at school and at home, they run the robots on
production lines, and they are part of all kinds of things like cars, watches,
or even microwaves. Computer know-how will be essential for your
working life. Traditional jobs are disappearing, in banking for example, but
new jobs are being created to develop and run computer hardware,
software and computer networks.
Computers are also creating new technologies which are, in turn, creating
new types of work that never existed before. What does this mean for
you? You must expect to be able to work on a computer or run a
computerised machine. You will find increasing work opportunities in
fields such as computer repair and information technology. You will have
to be constantly learning. Technology is changing so quickly that you'll
have to continually upgrade your skills and be adaptable because as
technology advances, your work will constantly change. Possibly you will
be offered work that involves teleworking and you will work by computer
at home or in a satellite office.
1. It is essential in the modern world to know how to use a computer.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

2. Computers are destroying traditional jobs but creating new jobs.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

3. Modern cars and factory robots don't need microprocessors.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

4. IT means Information Technology.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

5. Technology isn't changing very fast.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

6. When you start work nowadays you need to continue learning.

VERDADERO
FALSO
?

7. Teleworking means working from a distance.

VERDADERO
FALSO

Ejercicio 2: Dictado
Primero escuche la grabacin completa.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Ejercicio 3: Ejercicio de huecos

Escuche atentamente la grabacin y luego rellene los huecos en el texto de abajo usando las mismas palabras.

Computers are also creating new technologies

new types of work

are, in turn, creating

never existed before. What

you? You must expect to be able to work

computerised machine. You

this mean for

a computer or run a

find increasing work opportunities in

fields such as computer repair and information technology. You will

?

to be constantly learning. Technology is changing

quickly that you'll

have to continually upgrade your skills and be adaptable

as

technology advances, your work will constantly change. Possibly you

will
offered work that involves teleworking and you will work by
?

computer

home or in a satellite office.

Ejercicio 4: Rellenar huecos

Elija la opcin correcta para completar las frases siguientes.

1. A computer is ____ information processing machine.

a.

the

b.

c.

an

2. Hardware cannot perform any tasks without instructions in the form

of ____ program.
a.
a
b.

an

c.

the

3. Hardware includes memory chips and other devices ____ a hard

disk.
a.
likes
b.

same as

c.

such as

4. Instructions and data for the software are fed ____ the computer.
a.
into
b.

in

c.

on

5. The arrow keys are for moving the cursor ____ the screen.
a.
above
b.

around

c.

along

6. There are different keyboards depending on the ____ language.

a.

using

b.

user

c.

user's

7. ____ have you had it?

a.
How long
b.

How much time

c.

What time

8. ____ of computer have you got?

a.
What for a
b.

What kind

c.

How kind

9. The initials CPU ____ for Central Processing Unit.

a.
stand
b.

mean

c.

mind

10.

It's ____ very old computer.

a.
an
b.

one

c.

11.Computers have found their ____ into every part of our lives.
a.
path
b.

way

c.

track

12.
Computers are on our desks in the office, at school and ____
home,
a.
at
b.

in

c.

on

13.
Computers are creating new technologies ____ are creating
new types of work.
a.
who
b.

whose

c.

which

14.

You must expect to ____ to work on a computer

a.
capable
b.

be able

c.

can

15.
You will find work opportunities in ____ such as computer
repair.
a.
fields
b.

camps

c.

sector

16.
a.

You will ____ by computer in a satellite office.

function

b.

work

c.

operate

17.

It is essential to know ____ to use a computer.

a.
why
b.

who

c.

how

18.
a.

Computers run the robots ____ production lines.

on

b.

into

c.

at

19.

Computers are a ____ of modern life.

a.
part
b.

partial

c.

section

20.

Hardware cannot perform ____ without software.

a.
function
b.

tasks

c.

works

Contenido :
Prctica del vocabulario
o Ejercicio 1: Prctica del vocabulario
Comprensin auditiva

o
o
o
o

Ejercicio 1: Seleccin mltiple

Ejercicio 2: Seleccin mltiple
Ejercicio 3: Seleccin mltiple
Ejercicio 4: Seleccin mltiple
Comprensin general
o Ejercicio 1: Verdadero/Falso
Prctica de la gramtica
o Ejercicio 1: Transformacin
o Ejercicio 2: Transformacin
o Ejercicio 3: Seleccin
Consolidacin
o Ejercicio 1: Verdadero/Falso
o Ejercicio 2: Dictado
o Ejercicio 3: Ejercicio de huecos
o Ejercicio 4: Rellenar huecos
o

Prctica del vocabulario

Ejercicio 1: Prctica del vocabulario
1. to upgrade
2. to store
3. scanner
4. keypad
5. laptop
6. hardware
7. keyboard
8. download
9. mouse
10.
CPU
11.arrow key
12.
compatible
13.
network
14.
e-mail
15.
PC
16.
to crash
17.
storage
18.
spreadsheet
19.
application
20.
program
21.
attachment
22.
microprocessor
23.
memory

24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

assistive
input
adaptive
screen
peripheral
printer
cartridge
to update
enter key
IT
to connect
virus
to delete
key
device
hard disk
data
word processor
operating system
database
to surf
cursor
to print
output
to save
backup
display

Comprensin auditiva
Ejercicio 1: Seleccin mltiple
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Control and calculation.

Devices connected to the CPU.
In memory chips and other devices.
Data.
The CPU.

Ejercicio 2: Seleccin mltiple

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

An input device.
A scanner is an input device.
Keyboards have different sections.
Move the cursor.
There are different keyboards for different languages.

Ejercicio 3: Seleccin mltiple

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Technology which helps everybody to be independent.

Standard computers.
Assistive devices and software are already on the market.
Use standard keyboards.
A program.
A printed document.

Ejercicio 4: Seleccin mltiple

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A laptop.
Two months or so.
He has had several computers.
Some computers use different operating systems.
A few applications.

Comprensin general
Ejercicio 1: Verdadero/Falso
1. VERDADERO
2. VERDADERO
3. FALSO
4. FALSO
5. VERDADERO
6. VERDADERO
7. FALSO
8. FALSO
9. FALSO
10.
VERDADERO

Prctica de la gramtica
Ejercicio 1: Transformacin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Yes, but not the fish in this restaurant.

Yes, but not the latest version.
Yes, but not the printer in my office.
Yes, but not the computers we use.
Yes, but not the software we are developing.

Ejercicio 2: Transformacin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Yes, but it's an old computer.

Yes, but it's an interesting problem.
Yes, but it's an expensive program.
Yes, but it's an email virus.
Yes, but it's an important question.

Ejercicio 3: Seleccin

1. Last week I bought a new computer.

2. I bought the most expensive computer in the shop.
3. It's an Apple computer.
4. A network is a number of computers connected together.
5. Is that the new computer you bought?
6. I'm sorry. The printer's not working.
7. It probably needs a new cartridge.
8. Have you made a backup copy?
9. I sent you an attachment with the email.
10.
What is the F12 key for?

Consolidacin
Ejercicio 1: Verdadero/Falso
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

VERDADERO
VERDADERO
FALSO
VERDADERO
FALSO
VERDADERO
VERDADERO

Ejercicio 2: Dictado
1. Computers have found their way into every part of our lives. They
are on our desks in the office, at school and at home, they run the
robots on production lines, and they are part of all kinds of things
like cars, watches, or even microwaves. Computer know-how will
be essential for your working life. Traditional jobs are disappearing,
in banking for example, but new jobs are being created to develop
and run computer hardware, software and computer networks.

Ejercicio 3: Ejercicio de huecos

1. which
2. that
3. does
4. on
5. will
6. have
7. so
8. because
9. be
10.
at

Ejercicio 4: Rellenar huecos

1. an

2. a
3. such as
4. into
5. around
6. user's
7. How long
8. What kind
9. stand
10.
a
11.way
12.
at
13.
which
14.
be able
15.
fields
16.
work
17.
how
18.
on
19.
part
20.
tasks