PARTS OF SPEECH

All the English words are divided into eight groups according to the work
they do in a sentence. Each group is called part of speech.
EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

NOUN
PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE
VERB
ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION
1. NOUN:A noun is the name of a person, animal, place or thing.
FIVE KINDS OF NOUNS: PROPER NOUN
COMMON NOUN
COLLECTIVE NOUN
MATERIAL NOUN
ABSTRACT NOUN
A. PROPER NOUN:A proper noun is the name of a particular person, animal, place or
thing.
Examples
- Ram, Sohan etc.
B.COMMON NOUN:It is a name given in common to every person or thing of the
same class or mankind.
ExampleBoys, cat, girls, cows etc.
C . COLLECTIVE NOUN:
It is the name of a number of persons or things taken together and
spoken of as one
whole.
Example-

Crowd, Army, Team etc.

D. MATERIAL NOUN:-

It is the name of material substance.

Example-

Iron, Gold, Wool, Wood etc.

E. ABSTRACT NOUN:The Noun of the things which are not seen or touched but only
thought of called Abstract Noun.
Example:- Kindness, goodness etc.

Name
Name
Name
Name
Name

of
of
of
of
of

quality
condition or state
mental powers and passions
arts and science
action or process

2. PRONOUNA pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun.

SEVEN - KINDS OF PRONOUN

A.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
INTEROGATIVE SENTENCE
DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN
RELATIVE PRONOUN
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUN:- It is used for humans and things.
1ST PERSON

CASE

Singul
ar.

Nominative
case

2ND PERSON

3RD PERSON

Plural.

Singul
ar

Plural

Singular

Plural

We

Thou

You

He, She,
It

They

Objective
case

Me

Us

Thee

You

Him,
Her, It

Them

Possessive
case

My,
Mine

Our,
Ours

Thy,
Thane

Your,
Yours

His, Her,
Hers, Its

There,
Theirs

B. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS:_

It points out the persons or things for which they stand.

Example

- This, That, These, One, Ones, etc.

C. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:It refers to persons or things in a general way, but do not refer to
any person or thing in particular.
Example:- Somebody, anybody, all, many, some etc.
D. INTREOGATIVE SENTENCE:This pronoun is used for asking question.
Example:- Who, whom, whose, which etc.
E. DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN:Each, either, and, neither, are celled Distributive Pronouns.
Example:- Each boy is intelligent.
Either road is safe.
Neither book is cheap.
F. RELATIVE PRONOUN:A Relative Pronoun refers or relates to a noun or pronoun going
before.
Example:- Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That
NOTE
a. Noun or pronoun is used before relative pronoun.
b. Who, whom and whose are used for human and big animals, and
which is used for neither gender.
G. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN:The pronoun myself, over selves , yourself, your selves, himself,
herself, itself, themselves are called Reflexive Pronoun when the
action done by the subject turns back upon the subject.
Example:- I hurt myself.
3. ADJECTIVE
The word which is used to quality a Noun or Pronoun is called an
Adjective.
ADJECTIVE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO EIGHT GROUP
A. ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY
B. ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY
C. ADJECTIVE OF NUMBERS
D. DEMONSTRATIVE NOUN
E. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
F. DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE
G. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE
A. ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY:Adjective of quantity show how much of a thing is meant.
Example some, much, little, whole, all, no, a lot of
B. ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY:-

C.

D.
E.
F.
G.

Adjective of quantity show the quantity of a person or

thing.
Example good, weak, bad, strong, cruel etc.
ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER:Adjective of number show much of a thing is meant, or in
what order a person or thing.
Example one .. , hundred., first, second, some,
few, all, number, most, many etc.
DEMONSTRATIVE NOUN:Its point out which person or thing is meant.
Example this, that, these, those
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE:Its show possession or relationship.
Example my, our, your, his, etc.
DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE:It refers to each one of a number.
Example each, either, neither, etc.
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE:When, What, Which and Whose are used with nouns to ask
questions, they are called interrogative adjective.

H. PROPER ADJECTIVE:Adjective made from proper nouns are called proper

adjective.
Example Indians, American, etc.
THE CORRECT USE OF SOME ADJECTIVE --------------------1. EACH It is called for defined object and humans.
Each boy has a pen.
2. EVERY It is used for indefinite object or numbers.
Every one of the five boys has answered.
3. SOME It is used in affirmative sentence.
I have some milk.
4. ANY It is used in negative sentence.
I have not any milk.
5. MUCH It is used in quantity, numbers and singular before material
and abstract noun.
He has much gold.
6. MANY Common noun and plural
I have many books.
7. MANY a In singular
Many a man was honest.
8. MANY Plural
Many men were present.
9. LITTLE I have little milk.
10.
A LITTLE I have a little ilk.
11.
THE LITTLE I have you the little money what I had.

12.
FEW He has read few books.
13.
A FEW He has read a few books.
14.
THE FEW He had read the few books.
15.
NOT A FEW He had read not a few.
4. VERBS:A word which says what a noun or pronoun does is called verb.
A
V
P
T
I
E
R
N
U
R
I
A
T
X
B
N
R
I
C
S
A
L
I
N
A
P
T
S
R
A
I
Y
L
V
T
E
I
V
E

1. PRINCIPAL:The verb which is of a main importance in the sentence is called

the principal verb or main verb.
a. TRANSITIVE VERB:The verb used with an object is called a transitive.
b. INTRANSITIVE VERB:The verb used without an object is called an intransitive verb.
2. AUXILARY VERB:It is used together with other verbs to help them in the motion of
tenses, voice, moods, etc.
(24 verbs)
(am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, ought, should,
must, can, could, may, might, shall, will, would, need, dare, used to)
5. ADVERB:An adverb qualifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
A
S
D
I
V
M
E
P
R
L
B
E
A
D
V
V
E
R
R
B

A. SIMPLE ADVERB :It shows the seven parts:a. ADVERB OF TIME:It shows the time of an action.
Example:- today, yesterday, tomorrow, now, then, soon, late, lately,
just, ago, before, immediately
He came yesterday.
b. ADVERB OF PALCE:-

It shows the place.

Example:- here, there, near, below, where, whither, whence, within,
off, without etc.
c. ADVERB OF MANNER OR QUALITY:It shows custom, virtue and work.
Example:- well, so, slowly, badly, kindly, nicely, beautiful, till, hard,
thus etc.
d. ADVERB OB DEGREE, QUALITY OR EXTENT:It shows of quality of verb or adjective.
Example:- very, much, enough, too, almost, little, less, more, some,
what, also, altogether etc.
e. ADVERBS OF CAUSES AND EFFECT:It shows cause and effect.
Example:- therefore, consequently, why, according, hence, thus,
so, as
f. ADVERBS OF NUMBERS:It shows numbers.
Example:- once, twice, thirdly, next, always etc.
g. ADVERB OF AFFECTION OR NEGATIVE:It shows affirmation or negation.
Example:- yes, no, many, certainly, truly, surely, indeed, realy.
B. RELATIVE ADVERB:When, white, where, whence, why, how
C. INTERROGATIVE ADVERB:When adverbs are used in asking questions they are called
interrogative adverbs.
6. PROPOSITION:The preposition is used before his subjects.
KIND OF PROPOSITION:a. SIMPLE PREPOSITION:At, by, with, for, under, on, in, from, to
b. DOUBLE PREPOSITION:Into, up to, unto etc.
c. PARTICIPLE PREPOSITION:All, considering, during, regarding, concerning
d. COMPOUND PREPOSITION:-