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NATIONAL MEDIUM TERM PRIORITY FRAMEWORK ( NMTPF) 2010 to 2014

1.

INTRODUCTION
Myanmar is geographically located between 9 58' and 28 31' North latitudes and

92 10' and 101 9' East longitudes. The country is endowed with rich natural resources, such
as land, water, forest, minerals and gas. Myanmar has diverse climatic conditions from
humid tropic to sub-tropic and temperate favourable for growing no less than 60 different
crop species. Gigantic tropical mountain ranges and plateau serve as tropical highland
ecosystem rendering favorable natural endowment for agricultural livelihood..
Out of a total population of 57.5 million in 2007/08, about 68% of Myanmar
population and 63 % of its active population is rural. The average farm size is roughly 2
hectares. The population density is 84 per km2 (Myanmar Agriculture in Brief, 2008).
Statistics indicated that about 3 million people are directly involved in the fisheries sector
and about 12 to 15 million people are benefiting indirectly from it through post harvest
processing, handling, marketing..

1.1. Objectives of NMTPF


The National Medium-Term Priority Framework (NMTPF) covering the period from
2010 to 2014 expounds medium- term priorities of Myanmar's government for external
assistance. The NMTPF lays out basis guiding principles for increasing synergistic effects
among development partners: the Government of Myanmar and the international
communities, in pursuance for achieving national development targets and MDGs 1 and 7.
The Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development took the lead in the
preparation of the NMTPF in close and intensive consultations with relevant key line
Ministries and Departments, UN Agencies, and other development partners, and with the
technical support from FAO. The main objective of NMTPF is to develop a common grounds
of understanding for developmental and technical cooperation among stakeholders and to
maximize the catalytic functions of FAO in achieving the national millennium development
goals of Myanmar.
The NMTPF reflects the felt needs in agriculture development, existing priorities of
the Government, National MDGs, past and on going interventions, including the analysis of
gaps and future cooperation with FAO and thus, should be perceived as an important
planning tool for reviewing, assessing and identifying priority areas of agriculture sector

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development for external assistance from UN system and possibly other bi/multilateral
agencies.

2.

SITUATION ANALYSIS

2.1 The national context Over all Development


Of the four economic development objectives of the Government of Myanmar, the
agriculture sector development is regarded as one of the major driven forces of the economy
and the base and all-round development of other sectors in the uplifting of social wellbeing
of Myanmar people.
During the course of implementing the past three Short-Term Four Year Plans
spanning from 2992/93 to 2005/06, Myanmar had achieved an average annul growth rate of
9.6 percent and the major reason for the economic turnaround being the shift in economic
policy in late 1980s which involved, among others, deregulating the agricultural sector;
removing restrictions on private entrepreneurship; opening the foreign trade, including
border trade, to the private sector; adopting an open-door policy toward foreign direct
investment; and permitting privately owned financial institutions to do business in the
country.
Myanmar, just like other countries in the world, is experiencing the impact of climate
changes. Being a heavy rainfall country, floods occurs regularly during the mid- monsoon
period in areas traversed by large rivers or streams. The country is also prone to cyclones,
earthquakes and drought. The category 3 Nargis Cyclone strucking Myanmar in May 2008,
had devasted most of the livelidoods assests of communities dwelling in more than 50
townships, in Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions, including those within Yangon city.
Nargis was the worst natural disaster in the history of Myanmar, and the most devastating
cyclone ever experienced in Asia since 1991. The disaster had caused widespread destruction
not only to homes and critical infrastructure including roads, jetties, water and sanitation
systems, fuel systems and electricity supplies, but most of the fertile agricultural land and
flood protection embankments were also affected.

Agriculture sector comprising Agriculture, Livestock & Fishery, Forestry, is the


largest contributor to GDP of the country accounting for more than 40% of nominal GDP.
The share of agriculture to the country GDP dropped slightly mainly due to the expansion of
the non agricultural sector, especially the manufacturing and services sectors.

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2.2 Agriculture Sector Development
The provision of support by the State in the areas of research and extension,
agricultural credit, irrigation water, farm mechanization, and development of new
agricultural land are critically instrumental in the development of agriculture sector as
observed below table.

Contribution of Agricultural Sector to Growth in GDP


2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

Growth of GDP

13.6

13.1

11.9

Growth of Agriculture Sector

12.1

9.7

8.0

Share of Agriculture sector in GDP

46.7

45.2

43.6

Growth of crop sub-sector

(10.7)

(9.2)

(7.6)

Share of crop sub- Sector in GDP

(38.4)

(36.0)

(34.9)

Percentage of GDP growth directly

41.5

33.5

29.3

contributed by agricultural growth

(30.2)

(25.3)

(22.3)

Note: (1) Figures in parentheses refer to crop sub-sector, exclusive of livestock and fishery
sub-sectors.
(2) Percentage of GDP growth directly contributed by agricultural growth is
computed as

Rate of growth of Agriculture X Share of Agriculture


Rate of growth of GDP

2.2.1 Crop-sub sector


Myanmar is growing over 60 different crop species, of which 22 crops may be
classified as important crops for the country. Among these crops, a major share of land was
sown with paddy (8.1 million hectares) in 2006/07 accounting for more than 43 percent of
the total area of crop sown. The second most important crops after paddy are pulses and
beans (18 percent) and sesame (9 percent).
Overall crop production tend to fluctuate for a number of reasons and in general,
yield per unit area of most crops are relatively low comparing to its neighboring countries.
The yield levels of major crops are instable and sustainable improvement in crop yield
remains insignificant except paddy. Hence, vertical improvement in crop production is very
important for agriculture development in Myanmar.

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Presently, there are about 11.25 million hectares of crop land in Myanmar and there is
tremendous room for expanding agriculture production in 290,000 hectares of fallow land
and 5.90 million hectares of unutilized cultivatable land. Some 60 per cent of the cropped
areas are owned by small farming households possessing less than four hectares while
majority of these households are having no more than 2.3 hectares per households.

2.2.2 Livestock sub sector


Myanmar livestock sector plays a significantly important role in fulfilling the national
requirements in terms of draft animals, meat, milk, eggs and other animal products. In
Myanmar, the majority of farmers raise pigs, ducks and chickens for household consumption
and for additional income purposes. In 2007/08, the total number of livestock in the country
was approximately 2.8 million buffalo, 12.4 million cattle, 2.6 million sheep/goats, 6.3
million pigs, 93.7 million chickens, 10.1 million ducks. A major challenge in Myanmar is to
change the mindset of smallholder farmers and the landless to become more commercially
oriented and to see livestock rearing as an alternative income opportunities and risk reducing
strategies.

2.2.3 Fishery sub sector


Fish is considered as an essential part of the diet of Myanmar people, second only to
rice. Fisheries in Myanmar may be classified into three categories such as marine, inland and
aquaculture fisheries. The country has a total marine fishery area of 486,000 km2 whereas
the permanent inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers and ponds) cover about 13,000
km2.. This area varies throughout the year when flood plains and rice fields are flooded,
providing a further 68,000 km2 of rich seasonal fishing grounds. A new system of Paddy plus
Fish production has been introduced in the deep water areas and fish production from those
areas is on the rise.

Fisheries and aquaculture are labor- intensive enterprise and thus, is creating jobs,
directly and indirectly, for hundreds of thousands of both rural and urban households. Postharvest treatment of the catches, such as freezing, drying, smoking, salting and the
preparation of fermented fish products, are demanding huge labor force of women.

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FAO/NACA mission to Myanmar in 2003 concluded that a significant number of poor and
vulnerable people are living in the coastal areas and that these people have their livelihoods
strongly linked to small-scale fisheries and aquaculture. The development of aquaculture
systems and management of small-scale fisheries in a sustainable way are therefore essential
for the future of these people and to maintain the unique mangrove ecosystem which supports
high biodiversity.
2.2.4. Forestry sub sector
The role of the forestry sector remains vital in Myanmar because of its substantial
contribution towards the country's economy and its strong influence on climate stability, soil
and water conservation and environmental protection.
The forest cover of Myanmar was recorded as 32.2 million hectares which is
equivalent to 49 per cent of the country's total land areas of about 67 million hectares ( FRA
2005). Permanent Forest Estate constituted about 24% while the rest belongs to the other
forest categories. Apart from highly valued timber such as teak and hardwoods Myanmar
forests have abundant non-timber forest products such as bamboo and rattan, which could be
regarded as the main source of income rural poor and landless households.
2.2.5. Export
Myanmar's major export items are mainly of primary products of agriculture,
livestock & fisheries and forestry sectors. Gas and garment could also be regarded major
export commodities of Myanmar.
2.3 Review of the existing national policies and priorities
The Government of the Union of Myanmar has laid down the four economic
objectives to ensure the uplifting of social wellbeing of Myanmar people. The first economic
objective is to develop agriculture as the base and all-round development of other sectors of
the economy. Therefore, development of agriculture sector means the elevating the nation's
economy and widening the social safety nets for the people. The objective was further linked
and supported by the other objectives as (a) to evolving the market- oriented economic
system, (b) to develop economy through inviting participation from the sources inside the
country and abroad in terms of technical know-how and investment, and (c) the initiative to
shape the national economy must be kept in the hands of the state and the national peoples.

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2.3.1 National Policies
The Fourth Short -Term Five -Year Plan (2006/2007 to 2010/2011) set a vision for
the country to become a peaceful, modern and developed nation. The special focuses of the
financial year 2010-11 are to materialize the following national development objectives:
(1)

To have continuous development for the infrastructure sector

(2)

To meet the set targets of the Special Development zones

(3)

To carry on for the development of border areas

(4)

To carry on for the development of rural areas

(5)

To alleviate poverty

(6)

To exceed the targets of MDGs in implementing the national plans

(7)

To realize a balanced economy and all-round development of the economy

(8)

To let the continuation of a good economic foundation and financial condition


by:
(a) retaining the momentum and the high growth rate of the economy
(b) appreciation of kyat
(c) reducing budget deficit to have surplus by the third year
(d) curbing the inflation
(e) continuing the surplus of current account position in balance of payment

Under the Fourth Short -Term Five -Year Plan (2006/2007 to 2010/2011) periods, the
following planned activities must be implemented by the year 2010-2011 which are related
to agriculture, livestock & fisheries and forestry sectors;
(1) To extend the establishment of agro-based industries and other required industries in
building an industrialized nation
(2) To extend agriculture, livestock and fishery sectors in order to meet ever increasing
local demand and to promote exports
(3) To make endeavors for meeting the targeted yield of the designated crops
(4) To expand new cultivable land for agriculture use
(5) To drive for the fulfillment of shortages in edible oil and lubricant oil
(6) To promote widespread use of bio-diesel to supplement lubricant and fuel needs
(7) To restore and expand forest area coverage for greening
(8) To conserve natural resources and protect the environment

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2.3.2 Agriculture Policy and Strategy
As a result of rapid urbanization process, people from rural areas are migrating
inevitably to urban areas to find jobs and earn extra income for the family.

The responsibility of crop sub-sector development of the overall agriculture sector rests with
the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MoAI) to achieve the planned targets of the Forth
Short-term Five Year Plan. With a view to realize the planned targets MoAI adopts the
following policies and measures, they are:
(1) freedom of choice in agricultural production,
(2) expansion of agricultural land and safeguarding the right of farmers,
(3) promotion of private sector participation in commercial production of seasonal and
perennial crops, and in the distribution of farm machineries and essential inputs.

Agriculture policies are reviewed from time to time for necessary adjustment to fully comply
with the prevailing circumstances. Some policies which are constraining the development of
crop sub-sector have been changed and the most recent policy changes made is:
(1) removal of state procurement policy imposed on commodities such as
cotton, sugarcane, and rubber to promote freedom in the production and
trading of commodities. The new policy (i) encourages farmers and
investors to expand the areas of, but not limited to, rubber, and oil palm for
export; (ii) allows State Owned Enterprises (SOE) to purchase raw cotton,
sugarcane, and rubber for its own use, at prevailing market prices; (iii)
permits producers and exporters to export surplus rubber after due payment
of taxes, and; (iv) permits SOE to invest in area expansion of cotton,
sugarcane, and rubber plantations to meet the increasing demands.

In its thrust to increase the overall crop production and improve crop productivity, MoAI
sets the following objectives for crop sub-sector:
(1) To fulfill the needs of local consumption
(2) To export more agricultural products which are in surplus, and
(3) To provide assistance for rural development
The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation's Forth Five Year Short Term Plan has
five key strategies for agricultural development: (i) development of new agricultural land,(ii)

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provision of sufficient irrigation water, (iii)

provision and support of agricultural

mechanization, (iv) application of modern agro-technologies, and ( v) development and


utilization of modern varieties.
Efforts are being made to promote production and productivity in 10 principal crops
such as paddy, sugarcane, long staple cotton, maize, groundnut, sunflower, blackgram,
greengram, and pigeon pea by 5 major thrusts as
(1)

application of improved varieties which are appropriate for respective regions,

(2)

utilization of adequate fertilizers,

(3)

effective pest management,

(4)

application of efficient and appropriate technologies, and

(5)

utilization of appropriate cropping pattern which is suitable for the respective


location

2.3.3. Main policies and objectives of Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries


The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF) adopts the following main policies
to intensify the development of both sub-sectors of livestock and fisheries, such as: (i)
improvement in the production of quality livestock and livestock products to meet the
requirement for domestic consumption through improved animal health care, (ii) increasing
draft cattle population in proportional to cropping area expansion, (iii) increasing meat and
fish production for domestic consumption and export of the surplus to neighboring countries,
(iv) promoting sufficient investment in livestock and fisheries sectors through private and
public sectors participation, (v) expansion of prawn breeding farms, (vi) prevention of natural
resources wastage derived from inland and offshore fisheries, (vi) speeding up the
momentum of inland fishery sector, in order to satisfy the needs of domestic consumption,
(vi) upgrading the socio-economic status of communities whose livelihoods are dependent
on livestock and fishery sub-sectors.
The objectives of Livestock sector are to; (a) improve livestock and livestock
products for domestic consumption through improved animal health care, (b) increase draft
cattle population in proportional to crop areas expansion; (c) encourage trade promotion for
livestock and livestock products; (d) investigate the implicated products and conduct related
research on various aspects for biologic production.
On the other hand fisheries sub-sector has the objectives to; (a) achieve the rural
development through the extension of aquaculture activities; (b) increase export earning from

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shrimp aquaculture, (c) sustain and increase fisheries resources of both of inland and marine
waters, (d) accelerate integrated fisheries development process without having impact on
natural environment, (e) adopt and implement extension program to ensure sustainable
fisheries development.
2.3.4. Ministry of Forestry's Policies
The National Forest Master Plan (NFM), the roadmap for effective and efficient
conservation of forest resources, was prepared for a 30 year period from 2001-02 to 2030-31.
The Plan reflects not only the current status of forests in Myanmar but also the social and
macro-economic policies of the country. The Plan focuses on the development of rural
communities and contains strategies for poverty alleviation through the creation of job
opportunity, permission to use forest lands and extraction of non-wood forest products and
diversification of cooking energy sources and income through participatory extension
activities, training and demonstrations. Establishment of forest plantations and community
forests; promotion of bio-energy and non-wood forest products; human resource
development; and forestry extension services are major thrusts of the NFMP.

2.4.5

Reviews on the National Millennium Development Goals

Being a member country of the United Nations, Myanmar has the obligations to achieve the
set Millennium Development Goals in the areas of food security, poverty, spread of
HIV/AIDS, children education, survival of mothers, environmental protection etc by the year
2015. Myanmar is using available resources within its own capacity to gain momentum in
health activities. At the country level, national plans of action and strategic plans were set up
and with the cooperation and assistance from the UN and WHO, project activities are being
implemented. Myanmar encountered some challenges such as acceleration of human
resource development, upgrading of laboratory network, strengthening drug management;
however concerted efforts will be used to reach the MDGs as targeted in the Millennium
Declaration.
Myanmar, while implementing the formulated national plans and programmes in line
with the Nation/s political, economic and social objectives, has, at the same time, achieved
some of the targets as outlined in the Millennium Goals.

2.4.1. MDG No. 1: Eradicate poverty and hunger

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Under MDG No. 1, there are indicators to express to eradicate poverty and hunger and
for prevalence of underweight children under5 years of age and for proportion of population
below minimum level of dietary energy consumption. For "Eradicate Extreme Poverty and
Hunger",

Myanmar had set food security program giving priority on expanding the

production of agriculture, livestock and fishery for self sufficiency and only the surplus for
export. Food produced from agriculture sector such as cereals, vegetables and meat and fish
from livestock and fishery sectors provide enough calories intake for the people.
Regarding meat and fish, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries has taken responsibilities to
implement sufficiency of domestic consumption of meat and fish and at the same time to
overcome poverty. For food sufficiency of people living in rural area, releasing of fish
fingerlings are carried out in lakes, dams, reservoirs and open natural waters and also the
production is carried in contribution of fish and paddy in the same area which is known as
Paddy Plus Fish Project. Regarding Goal 1, Myanmar doesn't seem to have any problem with
hunger for present as well as in the future.

2.4.2. MDG Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education


Myanmar has a remarkable achievement in MDG Goal 2. Net enrollment ration in
primary education and proportion of pupils completing primary level have increased sharply
during 1990 to 2005, from 65.7 and 24.5 respectively in 1990 to 82.2 and 73.4 respectively in
2005, due to the implementation of nation-wide activities such as All School-Age Children in
School project, School Enrollment Week program, household survey on literacy and special
regional development plans especially for border areas and national races.

2.4.3. MDG Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women


There is no gender disparity in Myanmar, either in education or any other field.
Myanmar government approves of the elimination of all forms of discrimination against
women. The government also recognizes the importance of women in shaping the future
socio-economic development of the country.

2.4.4. MDG Goal 4: Reduce child mortality


In Myanmar, maternal and child health including newborn care has been accorded as a
priority issue in the National Health Plan, aiming at reducing the maternal, newborn, infant
and children morbidity and mortality. The National Health Committee has formulated long

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term and also short term health plans for uplifting the health status of the entire nation.
Myanmar Vision 2030 which is a long term 30 years plan has been drawn up with one of its
objectives as reducing the Under-5 and infant mortality rates to 52 per 1000 live births
(LB) and 40 per 1000 live births(LB)

respectively in 2011. In Myanmar, under- five

mortality rate is in the descending trend and it declines from 82.4/1000LB in 1995 to
66.1/1000 ( LB) in 2003. However infant mortality rate is not markedly changed and it
fluctuates between 49 to 55/1000LB.

2.4.5. MDG Goal 5: Improve maternal health


The MDG 5, which is to reduce maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters by 2015
signifies our country's commitment to achieve the time-bound improvement of the global
targets. The National Health Plan 2007-2011 was formulated with aim at reducing the
maternal, newborn, infant and child morbidity and mortality. The maternal mortality rate of
316 per 100,000 live births is still Myanmar's burden. To overcome this burden, safe
motherhood initiatives are needed to expand into national movement, focusing on the
continuum of quality care for maternal and newborn health.

2.4.6. MDG Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability


As the population grows and the economy progresses, demand for basic needs will
rise and also demand for consumer goods will rise as well. The increase in population will
place greater demands in natural resources and thus, effecting the environment.
To address the environmental sustainability requirement of Goal7, the Government
has, among other measures, established the National Commission for Environmental Affairs,
adopted new forest policy, implemented the greening of arid areas in Central Dry Zone of
Myanmar, extended reserved forests and protected public forest areas, adopted the Myanmar
Agenda21, ratified the UN framework Convention on Climate Change and accession of the
Kyoto protocol.

2.4.7. MDG Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development


The Millennium Development Goal 8 is to develop a global partnership for development.
The UN Millennium Development Goals Report 2006 shows the increased amount of US$
106 billion official development assistance from developed countries during the period of
1991 to 2005. However, it is still falling short of targets. Since new lending from the

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multilateral financial institutions has been suspended since 1989, the challenge is to attract
more foreign and national investments.
Nearly ten years have passed since the adoption of a global agenda for the better of all,
the vision for future becomes more and more vital as the targeted time becomes nearer and
nearer. Yet, it is still a long way to go to reach the targets. But Myanmar will always strive
for the achievement of all the goals with relentless effort and will of the Myanmar people.
We should not be dwelling too much on this.

2.4 Analysis of institutions involved and their role in the sector


Agriculture in a broader sense covers crop sub-sector, livestock and fishery subsector, and forestry sub-sector, and the three Ministries, namely, the Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation (MOAI), the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries ( MOLF), and the Ministry of
Forestry (MOF) are respectively to undertake the development responsibilities of each subsector.
2.5.1. Crop sub sector
Agriculture sector development programme in Myanmar is being implemented by
both of public and private sectors with an increasing trend of participation from INGOs and
Civil Society Organizations. The eleven departments and enterprises of MoAI are
functioning in full swings with their own designated mandates to fulfill the objectives of the
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation.
2.5.2. Livestock sub sector
The main function of Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department is to take
responsibility of promoting the livestock sector to increase the productivity of meat, eggs,
and other animal products through the following measures; (a) Undertaking of preventive and
control measure against infectious disease that could cause great economy losses to the
farmers, based on Animal Health and Development Law, (b) Assisting of livestock owners in
accurate diagnosis of diseases through the regional diagnostic laboratory services, (c)
Providing of health care and Veterinary Service to the extension services, (d) Undertaking of
the artificial breeding work as a mean of livestock improvement, (e) Encouraging of pasture
development for the improvement of ruminant animal production, (f) Conducting of course
and workshop for farmer, train in service staff for extension work, (g) Providing of
Veterinary Administration of feed and drug to issue manufacturer license and related to

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livestock production, (h) Issuing of health certificate for the export of animals and animal
products in compliance to sanitary requirement of the importing countries, (i) Controlling of
animal diseases through animal movement across border and importation by establishing
check points and quarantine facilities at point of entry.
In addition, the following activities are carried out under the special program of
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries as well;
1.

Native chicken development


In order to promote the development of native chicken in Myanmar, Livestock

Breeding and Veterinary Department has undertaken the native chicken model farming as
follows;
(a)

Nyaungnapin native chicken pilot breeding farm, Hmawby Township,


Yangon Division

(b)

Nyaung Oo native chicken pilot breeding farm, Nyaung Oo Township,


Mandalay Division.

2.

Livestock Development Bank ( chicken and pig)


Under the guideline of Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Livestock Breeding and

Veterinary Department provided chicken and pig as a banking system to the livestock
farmers as the following up to 2008-2009 fiscal year.

3.

(a)

Chicken 746,248

(b)

Pig

47,501

Development of Mythun Breeding


According to the guideline of our head of State, Mythun breeding become more

developed in Chin State and Sagaing Division by lending livestock Development loan. In this
regard, mythun become increasing dramatically.
4.

Livestock Breeding Loans


Cooperation between Myanmar Livestock and Fisheries Development Bank,

aforementioned bank lent livestock breeding loans as below;


(a)

(b)

(c)

Chin State

(1)2006

kyat ( lakh)

500

for Mythum

(8 Township)

(2) 2008

"

1,500

"

(1) Taungkok

"

250

(2)Manaung

"

500

"

(1) Khamti

"

120

"

Rakhine

Sagaing

for draft cattle

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(d)

(e)

(f)

Magwe (1) Magwe

Mandalay

Tanintharyi

"

800

for Mythum

(2) Magwe

"

350

for goat

(3) Thayet

"

950

for goat

(4) Minbu

"

1,030

"

(5) Pakhokku

"

1,400

"

1,000

"
for dairy cow

(1) Mandalay "


(2) Tatkon

"

1,150

(3) Sintkaing

"

315

(1) Tanintharyi

"

560

for goat
for

sheep

goat,

chicken
(g)

Shan ( Southern)

"

1,100

"

5. Establishment of Livestock Zone


For the development of Livestock Production, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
established the livestock zones at (8) State and Division as follows;
State/Division
1.Nay Pyi Taw (7areas)

Farming/ Processing
cattle, sheep, goat, pig and chicken
farming

2.Kayin ( 7areas)

cattle, goat, pig and chicken farming

3. Sagaing ( 7 areas)

cattle, quail and chicken farming

4.Shan ( Northern)

chicken farming

(Kyaukme township)
5.Yangon ( Nyaungnapin)

pig, chicken and duck farming

6.Mon ( Yay township)

pig and chicken farming

7.Tanintharyi ( Myeik township)

pig, chicken and duck farming

8.Bago ( West) Padaung township)

under processing

6. Vaccination of I 2 and AP ( wing web)


To control the yearly outbreak of Newcastle disease and Avian Pasteurellosis, under
the special guideline of Minister for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Livestock Breeding
and Veterinary Department conducted I 2 and AP ( wing web) vaccination yearly and
regularly. As for the year 2008-09, 6.632 millions doses for I 2 vaccine and 3.88 millions
doses for AP ( wing web) respectively.

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7. Pasture Development
Cattle, sheep and goat need pastures in order to develop livestock sector. There are
over 0.9 million acres for pasture during the colonial period, however, only over 0.7 millions
acre is still existing for pasture. In this connection, we needs enough pasture in line with
animal population.
2.5.3. Fishery sub sector
The Department of Fisheries (DoF) is a lead national agency in policy development
for fisheries in Myanmar. The Department of Fisheries is the sole responsible institution and
competent authority for the management and sustainable development of the fishery sector.
The main function includes effective uses of fisheries resources, support fish food security,
integration of fisheries livelihoods for poverty alleviation, implementing research and
extension services and conducting human capacity development training.
Myanmar Fisheries Federation ( MFF) is the sole noon government organization (
NGO) has a variety of roles in supporting its members in co-operation with relevant
agencies. Under this federation, there have been formed six national level fishery
associations namely Myanmar Shrimp Association, Myanmar Fish Farmers Association,
Myanmar Processors and Exporter Association, Myanmar Marine Fishing Association,
Myanmar Inland Fishing Association, and eel association, Crab association and Ornamental
fish association. Fisheries stakeholders from aquaculture, fisheries operators, processors,
exporters, feed producers and ornamental fish breeders are member of MFF. The Federation
is a part of ASEAN Fisheries.
Conservation of natural resources and non- degradation of the environment is the top
priority and concern of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries. In addition to measure
undertaken for the conservation and sustained exploitation of fishery resources, the Fisheries
Department has dispersed and released million of fresh-water fingerlings into reserviors,
rivers, lakes, streams, and other bodies in mature so as to increase fish population. To combat
over fishing, fishing during closed seasons and in closed areas are strictly monitored and
prohibited by Department of Fisheries and harsh penalties imposed on violators.
2.5.3. Forestry sub sector
It is needed to apply effective implementation of the Myanmar Selection System,
encouragement to adopt a proper integrated land use policy, increase of reserved forests to 30
per cent as stipulated in the forest policy, protection of the forests not only by legislative
means but also through people participation, establishment of community fuel wood

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plantation and encouragement to increasingly use wood fuel substitutes or fuel efficient
stoves to ease pressure on the natural forests, increased utilization of lesser used species and
promotion of downstream processing to produce value added wood products.
2.5 Review of past and on-going interventions and their achievement
FAO is one of the most important international organizations for the development of
Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Fisheries sectors. And Myanmar works together with
international organizations and maintains bi- lateral co-operation with other foreign
countries. Myanmar became FAO member country on 11th September 1947. The mandate of
the FAO is to raise level of nutrition, and standards of living and to improve agricultural
productivity, and better conditions of the rural populations.
Over the past 30 years from 1978-2008, FAO has provided assistance to Myanmar
through over national projects and other regional field projects amounting over 68 million
USD.

These

projects

covered

most

of

FAO's

mandatory

sectors

(agriculture,

livestock/fisheries and forestry) including agriculture and rural investment planning, census
and statistics, research in all sectors, food and industrial crops, crop processing and food
technology, plant protection , capacity building and emergency assistance.
FAO provided technical assistance to Livestock and Fisheries sector with the total
budget of over 29 million US$ during 1978-2008 including HPAI programme, and
emergency and rehabilitation programme-Nagis. For the livestock sector development, the
followings are the past and on going projects regarding the interventions of International
organizations and Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department.
The Past and On- going Projects
Project Title/ Code
1. Small Scale Dairy Technology Transfer and

Funding Source
FAO

Training ( TCP/ MYA/3001(T)


2. Meat Commodity Diversification and upgrading

FAO,UNOPS(CFC)

of meat Processing Technologies in Asia/ Pacific


( TCP/ RAS /02/R-72)
3. Prevention and control of Avian and Human

AUSAID (through FAO)

Influenza in Myanmar ( OSRO/RAS/601/AUL)


4. Strengthening the Control and Prevention of
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ( HPAI) and
enhancing public awareness ( OSRO/RAS/602/JPN)

Japanese Trust Fund


(through FAO)

17
5. Immediate Technical Assistant to Strengthen Emergency

USAID (through FAO)

Preparedness for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza


( Phase 1) (OSRO/RAS/604/USA)
6. Immediate Technical Assistant to Strengthen Emergency

USAID (through FAO)

Preparedness for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza


( 2nd Phase) ( OSRO/RAS/702/USA)
7.Emergency assistance to support the rehabilitation

FAO

of the livelihoods of Cyclone- affected families in


Ayeyarwaddy and Yangon Divisions ( TCP/MYA/3103(E))
8. Emergency support to restore food security in cyclone

FAO

NARGIS- affected areas through the provision of


agriculture inputs and technical assistanceOSRO/MYA/806/CHA
9. The Establishment of the Myanmar-Thai-Malaysia
(MTM) Peninsula Campaign for Foot and Mouth

OIE-RCU,
OIE- AUSAID

Disease Freedom
10. Strengthening Capacity and Capability of
Epidemiology and Diagnosis for Highly Pathogenic

Japanese Trust Fund


( through OIE)

Avian Influenza ( OSRO/RAs/603/JPN)


11. Control of Newcastle Disease and Identification of

ACIAR

Major Constraints in Village Chicken Production


System in Myanmar ( ASI/2002/042)
12. Improving Animal Production Through the

IAEA

application of Feed Supplementation Strategies


and Immunoassay ( TCP/RAS/5/030)
13. Monitoring and Control of Animal Disease

IAEA

(MYA/5/009)
14.

Feed Supplementation and Reproductive

IAEA

Management of Cattle ( IAEA/TCP/RAS/5/035)


15.

Research Contract: Use of an antibody ELISA Western

IAEA

blot to non structural FMD protein for control and


eradication of FMD in Myanmar ( MYA/10444)
16.

Development and Control of Swine Vesicular Disease


and Swine Brucellosis ( TCP/MYA/5/011)

IAEA

18
17.

Diagnosis and Control of Swine Vesicular Disease and

IAEA

Swine Brucellosis ( TCP/MYA/5/012)


18.

Integrated approach for Improving Livestock Production

19.

Using Indigenous Resources and Conserving the

IAEA

Environment ( IAEA/RAS/5/044)
20. Technical Cooperation Project for Animal Disease

JICA

Control in Thailand and Neighboring Countries


(ADC- Phase I)
21.

Avian Influenza Assistant Project on Myanmar

22.

Public Awareness and Risk Communication

PR China
JapaneseTrust Fund
( through FAO)

23.

Communication awareness raising on prevention

Care Myanmar

and control of Avian Influenza Programme

On-going Projects
1. Dairy Cattle Improvement Project

Funding Source
FAO

( FAO-TCP/MYA/3201(D))
2. Strengthening crass border activities among Bangladesh,
India, Nepal and Myanmar to control possible cross-

USAID
( through FAO)

border spread of HPAI ( OSRO/RAS/701/USA)


3. Improvement of Prevention, Control and Eradication of
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Myanmar

World Bank
( through FAO)

(OSRO/MYA/801/WB)
4. Immediate Technical Assistant to Strengthen Emergency

USAID

Preparedness for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

( through FAO)

( OSRO/RAS/702/USA)( 3rd Phase)


5. Emergency support to Restore Food Security and

Price water house

Livelihoods for the most Cyclone NARGIS affected

coopers charitable

farmers through distribution of draught animals for

foundation, British

cultivation in Ayeyarwaddy and Yangon Division,

( through FAO)

Myanmar( OSRO/MYA/809/PWC)
6. Restoration of Food Security and Agriculture based
Livelihoods in the most Cyclone Nargis affected areas of

Japanese Trust Fund


( through FAO)

19
the Ayeyarwaddy Delta of Myanmar ( OSRO/MYA/901/JPN)
7. Strengthening the National Capacity for the Production of

IAEA

Veterinary Vaccine ( IAEA/MYA/901/JPN)


8. Regional Cooperation Project for Animal Disease control

JICA

among Cambodia, Lao-PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar,


Thailand and Vietnam ( JICA ADC Phase II )
9. Livestock Village Development along Thai-Myanmar

TICA

Border Project ( MT-AI)

FAO used over 45 million USD for technical assistance including UNDP's support to
the forest sector as Forest Management, Watershed Management Strategy, Restoration of the
Mangrove Ecosystem natural Resources and Environmental Issues during this 3 decades.
In fishery sector, international, regional and bilateral donors and aid agencies such as
FAO, SEAFDEC, JICA, NACA, BIMSTEC are involve and provide technical and financial
assistance. Since Myanmar has become one of the SEAFDEC member countries in 1999,
Myanmar received more financial and technical support from that regional organization and
become more active country in the ASEAN region.
Especially, FAO and UNDP funded "Marine Fishery Resources Survey and
Exploratory Fishing Project were conducted in 1980 to 1983 and the results obtained from
that project are still useful in fisheries management and capture fisheries. In 1997, two
Technical Cooperation Project (TCP) "Reformulation and Strengthening of the Fishery
Statistics" and "Shrimp Farming Development " were provided by FAO to promote fishery
statistics system and shrimp farming systems in Myanmar. Due to series of training,
workshop and technical consultation meeting provided by the donors, Myanmar fisheries
become more developed and now it stand as a fourth biggest share of Myanmar's economy.
FAO is the cluster lead for the United Nations Agriculture Cluster for the Cyclone
Nargis response to relief and recovery in the crops, livestock and fisheries sub-sectors and
forestry sector. The Agriculture Cluster includes three working groups on crops, livestock
and fisheries, and forests and mangroves, which all meet on a fortnightly basis to share
technical knowledge and experiences.
FAO is now assisting the Government of the Union of Myanmar to seek additional
support for a medium-term programme for the recovery of the agriculture sector and
rehabilitation of rural livelihoods in impoverished areas of Myanmar, including those

20
seriously affected by Cyclone Nargis and recent soaring prices in agricultural inputs and
food. This projects is one of a series of agricultural recovery and livelihood rehabilitation
projects proposed by FAO and the Government of the Union of Myanmar under this program
for consideration by bilateral and multi-lateral donors. Their preparation was based on the
findings of the FAO needs assessment for Cyclone Nargis affected area (agriculture sector)
and the Government of the Union of Myanmar, ASEAN and United Nations post- Nargis
joint assessment. Most importantly, these projects also aim at the initial implementation of
disaster risk reduction initiatives in a country which has regions such as the Ayeyarwady
Delta which are one of the most vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change.

2.6 Gap and areas receiving inadequate attention


2.7.1 Crop sub sector
In order to cope up with newly emerging issues of the current globalization, in one
hand, and to implement effectively MOAI's strategies and objectives on the other hand,
2.7.2 Livestock sub sector
Although, the per-capital consumption of meat and animal derives protein is low
compared with developed countries, annual per- capital consumption is gradually developed
as the followings;
2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

Meat ( Kg)

22.5

24.4

26.17

Milk ( Kg)

19.2

20.9

22.24

Eggs (number)

87

93

105

In addition previously, we also focused per-capital consumption for meat is 23 Kg,


for milk 18 Kg and for egg 145 number at the end of our long term 30 year plan which
started from 2001-2002 and will be terminated on 2030-31.
2.7.3. Fishery sub sector
Although the fisheries sector is increasing quite remarkably, the challenge that it face
is that they are exported as raw materials. The importers reprocess of transform them for
further marketing. The approaches to upgrade traditional fisheries processing and
preservation methods as well as market promotion is also crucial for the effective utilization
of fisheries resources.

21
Fisheries industry faces threats in exploiting of fisheries resources, sustainable
production and effective utilization of its catch. The following areas are to be considered for
the sustainable development of the fisheries sector.
(1)

Lower prices in aquaculture products

(2)

Higher percentage of small size catch in capture fisheries

(3)

Limited preservation and processing technique in SMEs establishment

(4)

Ineffective utilization of low-valued trash fish in marine fishing

(5)

Less awareness of the product quality in production chain

(6)

Lesser fish supply in mountainous areas

(7)

Lack of complete fisheries data and statistical analysis

2.7.4.Forestry sector
Forestry management is faced with constraints and problems. Due to the increase in
population, consequently, demands for forest products and agriculture, unauthorized human
interventions in the forms of shifting cultivation, agricultural expansion, etc. have resulted in
some forest depletion and degradation. The annual deforestation is estimated to be 466,000
hectares during a period from 2000 to 2005 (FRA 2005). Measures are being taken to reverse
the current trend of deforestation.
The main problems currently encountered are
(1) Encroachment in forestland for agriculture, infrastructure, factories and dwellings
as population increase,
(2) Some illicit cutting of trees for commercial use,
(3) Extension of grazing land,
(4) Shifting cultivation, and
(5) Excessive utilization of fuel-wood

3.

PROPOSED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK

3.1 Future Opportunities for FAO's intervention in the next 5 year


Based on situation analysis and existing the formulated the Short Term Five Year
Plan, the present achievements of Myanmar millennium development goals and on-going
FAO programs implemented in Myanmar, the following 7 priority outcomes of FAO's
intervention, in the next five years in Myanmar have been selected.

22
(1)

Increasing production and ensuring food security

(2)

Food safety and quality improvement

(3)

Sustainable management of natural resources and environment

(4)

Human resource development and Institutional capacity building

(5)

Rural Development

(6)

Disaster preparedness and risk management

(7)

Mitigation and adaptation to climate change

3.1.1

Priority outcome 1: Increasing production to ensure food security

Food security means ensuring everyone has enough to eat. Myanmar had set food
security program giving priority on expanding the production of agriculture, livestock and
fishery for self sufficiency and only the surplus for export. Food security depends in the three
main sources, such as crop plants, livestock products and marine and fresh water products,
generally known as fish and fish products. Food security in Myanmar means ensuring that all
people at all times have access to the food they need for a healthy, active life. In Myanmar,
there are many promising agricultural products in addition to rice. For examples, such
products have big potential as oil- producing plants ( sesame, sunflower, peanuts, palms, etc),
industrial agricultural products ( sugar cane, cotton, rubber, etc.) Fish and fish products play
a pivotal role in food security. Food produced from agriculture sector such as cereals,
vegetables and meat and fish from livestock sector provided enough calorie intakes for the
people. At current, for fishery sector, the major constraint for aquaculture development is the
inadequate supply of seed for short period to expand culture purpose. The development of
hatchery technology with appropriate culture systems and development of appropriate
formulated feed would ensure greater consistency in quality, steady supply and reduction of
the pollution problem.

Major priority outputs/ focused activities


(i)

Ensuring food security in food insecure region through twin-track approaches


including (a) the improvement of current food assistance and distribution
system, (b) secondary crop development, (c) the empowerment of farmers to

23
control over resources, access to opportunities and improved governance, (d)
rehabilitation and restoring sustainable livelihood in Cyclone Nargis affected
areas,(e) sustainable water sector development for promoting access to
irrigation water, (f) reestablishment of plantation and perennial tree crops
through the use of applied biotechnology in the context of transforming
resources based to knowledge based agriculture in Cyclone Nargis affected
areas, (g) development of food related enterprises from small to medium scale
through effective supply chain and management, (h) provision and
arrangement of essential seed supply of rice and other crops as well as
vegetable crops, (i) the development of integrated farm mechanization:
combined use of animal and machine power,
(ii)

Developing measures for poverty reduction through (a) the formulation of risk
preparedness and risk spreading guidelines for possible market crisis and (b)
diverting resources and investment to agricultural development,

(iii)

Strengthening agricultural information system through institutionalizing of


agricultural information system, application of ICT for knowledge sharing and
upgrading existing market information service,

(iv)

Improvement of livestock farming by developing of commercial farming,


bio-security and disease control,

(v)

Improvement of livestock industry by developing of commercial livestock


industry, animal products and diagnostic capacity and capability of animal
disease,

(vi)

Improvement of food safety by upgrading of the quality assurance in


livestock and livestock products,

(vii)

Ensuring food security by increasing fish production through providing


essential support services, development of rural infrastructure, intensive periurban food production system

(viii) Ensuring greater availability of seed supply and hatchery development for
grouper, sea bass and mud crab through the development of hatchery
technologies, including disease prevention and control, development of larval
nutrition and feeds, water quality management for a variety of species,
particularly marine finfish, through basic and applied research and testing in
pilot effects,

24
(ix)

Development of feeds for culture of marine finfish by study of nutritional


requirements of culture species of interest, development of formulated feeds
in laboratory and pilot scale, feeding trials, appraisal of performance and
technology transfer to private sector,

(x)

To develop freshwater aquaculture by taking genetic management and


improvement of brood stock of farmed Rohu through utilization of good
quality brood stock, selection for better food conversion ratio,

(xi)

To meet food security standards for export fisheries products, it is needed


improvement of processing practice on small and medium scale processing
plants by providing inputs, establish fish landing jetty, conduct on site training
on Good Manufacture Practices (GMPs), Sanitation Standard Operation
Procedure ( SSOP ), and on-board fish processing, replacement of fish storage
insulated boxes, machinery and equipments for fish preservation processing
plants,

(xii)

Reduction of pressure on teak through promote utilization of lesser-used


species (LUS), develop wood-based industry and non-wood forest products,
raise awareness about conservation and utilization of forest resources,

3.1.2

Priority outcome 2: Food safety and quality improvement


Regarding the quality improvement, Myanmar needs to develop post harvest

technology with particular emphasis on some crops. For food safety, it is needed the
provision and arrangement of essential seed supply of rice and other major crops as
well as vegetable crops through strengthening exiting quality seed production and
distribution system. And the effective supply chain and management for food related
rural enterprises are essential for quality improvement. The environment assessment
for food safety as regards to pesticides and other hazardous substances called for to
develop in laboratory practices for bio safety and bio security diagnostics.

Major priority outputs/ focused activities


(i)

Setting SPS standard in harmony with ASEAN standard through institutional


strengthening and capacity building

25
(ii)

Improvement of food safety by (a) upgrading of existing veterinary assay lab,


(b) upgrading of food safety and bio-security in livestock and livestock
products and (c) food safety and bio-security of honey and honey products

(iii)

Production of quality safety fisheries products from (a) the improvement of


processing practice on small and medium scale processing plants,(b) from the
provision of fish processing inputs, (c) by conduction of on-site training on
Good Manufacture Practice (GMPs), Sanitation Standard Operation Procedure
( SSOP), and on-board fish processing, (d) by establishing fish landing jetties,
(e) by establishing guidelines on SME fishery products (f) through the
replacement of fish storage insulated boxes, machinery and equipments for
fish preservation processing plants.

3.1.3

Priority outcome 3: Sustainable management of natural resources and


environment

At current, a number of resources management measures for coastal fisheries are


introduced at several countries to abundance of aquatic organism. Appropriate methodologies
are needed to assess the biological impact of these interventions for fishery conservation and
potential income generation from ecotourism. To control, monitor and surveillance the
natural resources especially for coastal resources are capital intensive and time- consuming.
Community based management is a relatively new concept in the fisheries sector and hence
to be introduced through building awareness, the development of technologies, training and
pilot efforts.

Major priority outputs/ focused activities


(i)

Promoting agricultural biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization


by (a) strengthening existing ex situ plant genetic resources activities and
establishing in situ plant genetic resources conservation activities,

(ii)

Sustainable land use towards sustainable agriculture and food security from
soil fertility maintenance and conservation

(iii)

Judicious use of agro-chemicals by enhancing (a) innovative use of integrated


pest and disease management in crop production, (b) plant nutrient use
efficiency

26
(iv)

Socio-economy improvement through Livestock sector development from the


development of livestock breeding zones, abattoirs, bio-gas using practice,

(v)

Research and Human Development by developing not only higher education


but also para-vet training and animal health worker training.

(vi)

To enable and facilitate community-based coastal fisheries management


through to develop and test methodologies of and approaches for communitybased coastal fisheries management, to strengthen skills of the Government
officials to undertake such management.

(vii)

To develop appropriate methodologies for assessing the biological impacts


and cost-effectiveness of fisheries conservation and management measures,
such as construction of artificial reefs, establishment of marine parks and
closed areas and closed seasons.

(viii) Development and strengthening of regional networks to support coastal


communities in livelihood diversification and co-management, promote
Regional Code of Conduct on Responsible Fisheries ( RCCRF ) practice.
(ix)

To conserve environment and mangrove conservation measures by promoting


Mangrove Friendly Aquaculture practice.

(x)

Conservation of forests by establishment of plantation

(xi)

Biodiversity conservation through the conservation of protected and rare


endangered, rare and threaten species

(xii)

Development Database management system for planning for land use

3.1.4

Priority outcome 4: Human resources development and Institutional


capacity building

With the growth of the economy and improvement in the standard of living of the
people, the relative importance of human resource development can not be ignored. In order
to strengthen the research and development programs, it is necessary to enhance both
quantity and quality of the value-added products. To meet the country economic
development, Myanmar has been focusing on the value added products. Local procession of
raw products into value added products will create employment opportunities, to raise the
export income of the nations, and strengthen to investigate different kinds of research areas at
the university and research institution on utilization of potential market access products.

27
Major priority outputs/ focused activities
(i)

Institutional reform and strengthening national agricultural research,


education, and extension system by designing a mechanism to promote
linkages among relevant institutions within MOAI and beyond MOAI

(ii)

Research and human development by developing not only higher education


but also para-vet training and animal health worker training.

(iii)

Study visit of expert on cold water fish aquaculture, to learn technical knowhow about cold water fish farming from some BIMSTEC member countries
such as Nepal and Bhutan and to introduce cold water fish farming in some
appropriate areas of hilly region in pilot scale

(iv)

Enhance the capacity human resource

from the competent staff/skilled

laborers of staff/skilled laborers

3.1.5

Priority outcome 5: Rural Development

To further develop the economic and social conditions of the rural population,
amenities and facilities for production of foods and goods should be provided. The rural
people build their livelihoods based on the exploitation of the physical (infrastructure),
natural ( land, forests, fisheries) and human assets( such as health, fitness and skills.) Further
assets which play a vital role include financial capital ( including access to credit), and the
relationships of trust which link people with each other and which can be also affect their
access to services and support from service providers. Activities such as animal husbandry
and fisheries development can reduce the reliance of the rural population in farming alone,
and can also broaden the base of economic activities which generate income and
employment.
Major priority outputs/ focused activities
(i)

Promoting rural development through establishment of model villages and


strengthening local farmer organizations from (a) the rural infrastructures
development (b) the expending sustainable rural livelihood options

(ii)

Formulation of sustainable rural development and agriculture policy from


capacity building and institutional strengthening in rural development and
agricultural policy analysis and strategy formulation and farm sector
readjustment, restructuring

28
(iii)

Development of Rural Livestock from the development of livelihood in real


area by improvement of smallholder farm.

(iv)

Development of small and medium scale aquaculture as well as better


processing methods for the rural communities,

(v)

To provide employments as forest workers in plantations and creation of the


alternate jobs such as from ecotourism sites, cultural handicrafts and other
transactions for the indigenous people to increase earnings,

(vi)

Rehabilitate mangrove forests to ensure serving sufficient source of food, fuel,


post and timber for rural people while also essential breeding and feeding
grounds for diverse aquatic species,

(vii)

Develop sustainable biomass and biogas energy

3.1.6

Priority outcome 6: Disaster preparedness and risk management

Myanmar has suffered from unprecedented natural disaster caused by the Cyclone
Nargis in May 2008. It was the worst in the history of Myanmar by inflicting extended
damages and losing human lives, properties and livelihoods. In tropical waters, impacts of
climate change, are generally found such as sea level rise and increases in sea-surface
temperature, which are the most probable major climate-related stress on coastal ecosystems.
Since the climate change phenomena is well evident and did not spare Myanmar, future
agriculture is vulnerable especially in delta areas. The Cyclone Nargis highlighted the
Myanmar vulnerability to high- impact, low frequency natural hazard, and also the need for
the country to undertake a range of action for reducing, mitigating and managing disaster
risks.

Major priority outputs/ focused activities


(i)

Formation of special taskforce for disaster preparedness and risk


management from the development of natural disaster preparedness
and risk management standard guideline in relation to food security
and livelihood and by participation in post disaster management in
food security and sustainable livelihood

(ii)

Rehabilitation in severely Nargis affected areas through the provision


of buffaloes, pig, chicken and duck to the Nargis affected area by
extension of livestock breeding zone.

29
(iii)

To access and disseminate weather focus and weather report in time


for fishers and farmers by setting up network system for immediate
communication and access information among fishing boats and based
stations, that is to assist widely utilization and upgrade capacity
building for currently use coastal CDMA phone system.

(iv)

Restoration of forests from the conservation of degraded forest

(v)

Monitoring and Assessment from the analysis of an organizations


strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

3.2.4

Priority outcome 7: Mitigation and adaptation to climate change


Myanmar has obligated to mitigate climate change by agreeing to the Vienna

Convention, Montreal Protocol, and London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. Although
typical law for climate change has not yet had in the country, there are a number of
environment related laws which are applicable for climate change. Myanmar as the
member of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has already acceded
Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate Change. Today climate change is a reality, not
a myth. The impacts of climate change on economic and social development of the people
are obvious. The powerful tropical cyclone Nargis recently hit the lower parts of Myanmar,
causing several thousands of causalities and enormous damages. The contribution of forests
as a sink to mitigate of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is significant. On the
other hand, the forests are a source of carbon dioxide when depleted mainly by
anthropogenic activities.
Major priority outputs/ focused activities
(i)

Formulation of strategic framework for adaptation to climate change in


relation to sustainable agriculture and food security (a) from the
Impact assessment on the effect of climate change in relation to food
security in major agro-climatic zones in Myanmar, (b)

through

sustainable water sector development particularly in rainfall scarce


area and dry zone to promote access to irrigation water to ensure high
food crop production and diversification, (c) from Integrated dry zone
greening:dry zone food-feed-fiber-fuel-forest program in collaboration
with forest sub-sector, (d) by enhancing innovative dry land farming
system

Enhancing

crop-water

use

efficiency(e)

through

the

30
development of coping strategies for possible sea level rise in relation
to food crop production in coastal and delta areas (f)

from the

development of coping strategies for frequent flash flood encountering


during cropping season
(ii)

Formulation of strategic framework for mitigation to climate change in


relation to sustainable agriculture and food security by developing
alternative

and

eco-friendly agricultural

practices to

counter

anthropogenic GHG,
(iii)

3.3

Protect environment by promotion of reforestation and afforestation

Functions of FAO in assisting the Government of Myanmar

FAO has a long history of partnership with the Government of Myanmar in its quest
to eradicate hunger, malnutrition and poverty through the development of the agriculture
sector. FAO has also been an active partner of the Government of Myanmar in protecting the
environment and promoting sustainable development and disaster risk management
strategies. Moreover, FAO has gained valuable experience through implementation of the
above mentioned livelihood protection and rehabilitation projects in the cyclone-affected
areas of the Ayeyarwady Delta during 2008.

4.

IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

4.1.

Financial resources
The total financial resource requirement for the implementation of NMPTF is

provisionally estimated at approximately US$

million. The full implementation of the

NMPTF depends very much on the availability of financial resources for which various types
of resources, including those from FAO's regular programme ( TCP, TCP Facility), Trust
Funds from external donors should be explored and tapped. FAO's TCP resources can be
utilized for the implementation of small and medium size national projects which meet TCP
criteria.
TCP Facility will be used for the implementation of projects which fall under the
following categories:
(1) rapidly solve a specific technical problem for which the expertise may not
be immediately available within government services,

31
(2) formulate project proposals or documents in the areas of FAO' mandate,
required for submission to potential funding sources, including to the TCP,
(3) prepare background documents required by the Government, and
(4) carry out small sector and sub sector related studies or assessments as
required by the Government, including facilitating field programme
development and participation in related UN process.

4.2.

Coordination and implementation mechanisms including monitoring and


evaluation
The NMTPF will be implemented largely in cooperation with FAO for the priority

outcome where FAO has comparative advantage. Since Myanmar is a country of transition in
economy, whose economic development largely depends on its agricultural development, the
priority area and the need for development is very comprehensive. The NMTPF for 2010 to
2014 is actually designed to serve as the priority outcomes for the development of
agricultural sector aiming to serve as a package which contains several priority activities in
which some activity will be in similar nature and found in more than one package. Therefore,
each priority package serves as all in one and relates to each other. These packages are
supposed to be formulated for better cooperation between Myanmar Government and FAO
through efficient allocation of scare resources.
Actual implementation will depend on the availability of funding from the
Government of Myanmar as well as FAO and other sources. Each priority package will be
subjected to operational level and formulated the program and project accordingly to meet
the desired objectives. The NMTPF is co-owned by the Government of Myanmar and the
FAO and the coordination and implementation mechanism is established based on the
following principle.
In order to implement effectively, a national level project steering committee and
technical sub-committee will be formed. The national level project steering committee will
be comprised the head of concerned institutions under the line ministries. The technical subcommittee will be involved the senior officials with well verse on relevant subject matters
from all institutions under the line ministries and project personals from both concerned

32
ministries and FAO. The technical sub- committee is the implementation body of the priority
package.
The evaluation of the project implementation will be carried out by holding regular
meeting of steering committee at quarterly basic followed by technical sub- committee. The
ad hoc committee meeting will be held if it is needed. The technical sub-committee will
prepare the annual progress report of the implementation of the NMTPF which will be and
discussed at the annual NMTPF Implementation Review Workshop prior to its finalization
and submission to the NMPTF Implementation Committee for clearance and further
submission to the project steering committee.

4.3.

Short-term implementation plan for the next 12 months


There is no doubt that agriculture will remain the leading industry in the future. Even

though there is a problem that agriculture is vulnerable to changes of weather, for the time
being, emphasis should be placed on agriculture in order to promote the industrial
development. Also, since it is highly likely that the worldwide demand-supply balance for
foods will be tight in the future, agriculture is a promising industry.
Immediately after submission to the NMTRF steering committee, final consultation
on various partners including the officials of line ministries and departments, UN agencies,
donors, aid agencies, INGOs and academic institutions, NMTPF document is proposed to be
finalized jointly by FAO and concerned ministries. Once finalized the NMTPF by relevant
authority, holding Government and donor briefing meeting is suggested to be organized,
aiming to brief donors and partners on the content of the NMTPF document and its priority
interventions and seek their collaboration and financial support on the implementation of
NMPTF.

5.

CONCLUSION
Myanmar welcomes NMTPF which are an ambitious agenda for agricultural

development in Myanmar. Myanmar, as an agro based economy, the agriculture sector


plays a dominant force in national economic development. It has a significant role in
providing overall domestic food self-sufficiency, promoting external trade and also providing
raw materials to meet the domestic agro-based industries.
Hunger and poverty often compel the poor to over-exploit the resources on which
their own livelihood. Like other developing countries, Myanmar faces many environmental

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issues as the result of sustainable land use practices, need of clear-cut land use policy, illegal
wildlife trade along transboundary, weak law enforcement, inadequacy of trained staff and
human resources, insufficient availability of fund and equipment, etc.

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