Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

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PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION

DRAWINGS

Mans mind; once stretched by a new idea,

never regains its original dimensions
- Oliver Wendell Holmes

Course 9050 - October 1996

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

Synopsis
A distinction is drawn between P & IDs and SAMA diagrams.
We also look at correct Tagging practice and standardised instrumentation symbols.

Introduction
There are 2 important classes of drawings which shouldnt be confused:
P & ID
SAMA
P & ID: Abbreviation for piping and instrumentation drawing, which is the primary schematic
drawing used for laying out a process control installation. It shows the physical relationship of
process and control hardware.

Principles of Instrumentation and Control

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P & ID

Fig. 11.1 P & ID

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

SAMA
SAMA Diagram: Abbreviation for Scientific Apparatus Makers Association, which is the primary
schematic drawing used for laying out the process control logic. It shows the logical and control
relationship linking the hardware. It is a U.S. standard.

Fig. 11.2 SAMA

P & IDs are typically used by Instrument people whereas SAMA DIAGRAMS are more useful to
control system configuration designers.

Principles of Instrumentation and Control

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

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SAMA (cont.)

Fig. 11.3
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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

Standards
Both types of drawings have their own standard conventions and symbols.
The following pages examine theAustralian Standard Graphical Symbols for general Engineering
Part 6: Process Measurement Control Functions & Instrumentation.

Identifiers
Instruments shall be defined by a letter and number code which follow the rules below:
e.g. FIC

100

TAH

100

LSLL

107

The allocated loop number should be unique for that loop yet common for all instruments comprising
that same loop.

Principles of Instrumentation and Control

Course 9050 - October 1996

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Letter Code for Identification of Instrument Function

1

Letter

Modifier *
Difference
Ratio
-

Succeeding letter
(display or output function)
Alarm
State or status display
Control
Sensing element ++
Glass
High (alarm)

I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q

First letter* (measured

or initiating variable)
Analysis +
Burner, flame
Density
All electrical variables +
Flowrate
Gauging position or length
Hand (manually initiated)
operated
Time or time program
Level
Moisture or humidity
Users choice #
Users choice #
Pressure or vacuum
-

R
S
T
U

Radiation
Speed or frequency
Temperature
Multivariable II

Scan
Users choice #
Integrate or
totalise
-

Indicating
Barrier
Low(alarm)
Users choice #
Users choice #
Test point connection
Integrating or
summating
Recording
Switching
Transmitting
Multifunction unit

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

Table 11.1
*

Upper case letters should be used throughout, but, for modifiers alone, lower case letters may be used if this
facilitates understanding.

A note shall be added outside the circle to specify the property measured.

++

Including any integral protection of the sensitive portion, eg. a diaphragm and capillary system in a sealed
system or mechanical protection of the sensing element.

Where a user has a requirement for measured or initiating variables to which letters have not been allocated
and are required for repetitive use on a particular contract, the letters allocated to Users choice may be used
provided that they are identified or defined for a particular measured or initiating variable and reserved for
that variable. Where a user has a requirement for a measured or initiating variable that may be used either
once or to a limited extent, the letter X may be used provided that it is suitably identified or defined.

II

The letter U may be used instead of a series of first letters where a multiplicity of inputs representing dissimilar
variables feed into a single unit.

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

P & ID Symbols
A selected list of Standard Symbols and examples are provided.

Fig. 11.4

Fig. 11.4a

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Point of Measurement

Fig. 11.5

Instruments

Fig. 11.5a

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

The basic symbol may be extended for use as status indication by adding four peripheral lines thus-

Fig. 11.5b
Where two or more instrument circles touch, the functions indicated by the letters in the circles are
all incorporated in one enclosure, eg.

Fig. 11.6
Interlocks

Fig. 11.7

Distributed Control/Shared Display Symbols

Advances in control systems brought about by microprocessor based instrumentation pen-nit shared
functions such as display, control and signal lines. Therefore, the symbology defined here should
be Shared Instruments, which means shared display and/or shared control. The square portion of
this symbol, as shown has the meaning of shared type instrument.
Normally Accessible to Operator
Indicator/Controller/Recorder or Alarm Points-usually used to indicate video display.
Shared display.
Shared display and shared control.
Access limited to communication link.
Operator Interface on communication link.

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Auxiliary Operators Interface Device

Panel mounted-normally having an analog faceplate - not normally mounted on main
operator console.
Can be a backup controller or manual station.
Access may be limited to communication link.
Not Normally Accessible to Operator
Shared blind controller.
Shared display installed in field.
Computation, signal conditioning in shared controller.
May be on communication link.
Normally blind operation.
May be altered by configuration.
Computer Symbols
The following symbols should be used where systems include components identified as computers,
as distinct from an integral processor, which drive the various functions of a distributed control
system. The computer component may be integrated with the system via the data link, or it may be
a stand-alone computer.
Normally Accessible to Operator
Indicator/Controller/Recorder or Alarm Point-usually used to indicate video display.

Not Normally Accessible to Operator

Input/Output interface.
Computation/Signal conditioning within a computer.
May be used as a blind controller or a software calculation module.

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

Correcting Elements

Fig. 11.8

Application:

Valves with three or more ports shall be drawn showing the through connections
in the de-energised position eg. Fig. 11.9

Fig. 11.9

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Basic Actuating Elements

Fig. 11.10

Basic Actuators

Fig. 11.11

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

Basic Correcting Units

Fig. 11.12

Flow Primary Elements

Fig. 11.13

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

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Signal Modifiers

Fig. 11.14

Level Instruments

Fig. 11.15

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

Multiple Instruments

Fig. 11.16

Fig. 11.17
Multipoint Instruments Where a multipoint instrument is to sure the same physical property at a
number of points, the appropriate instrument symbol shall be shown at each point of measurement.
NOTE: numbering system is necessary to relate each point of measurement to the particular
multipoint instrument. The system shown the following example should not be regarded as
internationally recommended, but has been included to indicate one possible method of numbering.

Fig. 11.18

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Summary
P & ID - Piping and Instrumentation drawing. Shows the physical relationship of process and
control hardware.
SAMA - Scientific Apparatus Makers Association. Shows the logical and control relationship
linking the hardware.
Tags are designated by letter and number code.
First letter - measured variable
Second letter - modifier
Third letter - display or output function

Activity
Decipher the instrument tags and symbols in the P & ID Fig. 11.19.

Fig. 11.19

Course 9050 - October 1996

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Piping and Instrumentation Drawings

Third Printing: October 1996

Second Printing: December 1993
First Printed: October 1991

Principles of Instrumentation and Control

Course 9050 - October 1996