Chapter 8

Salts

Paper 1
Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. For
each question, choose one answer only.
1)

Which of the following salts is not decomposed by heat?

A Magnesium nitrate
C Sodium carbonate
B Silver carbonate
D Zinc nitrate

2)

Which of the following equations represents the reaction that produces silver
chloride crystals?
A 2AgNO3 + PbCl2 2AgCl + Pb(NO3)2
B Ag2O + 2HCl 2AgCl + H2O
C Ag2SO4 + PbCl2 2AgCl + PbSO4
D AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3

3)

A solid Q is heated to produce a residue that is yellow when hot and white when
cold. Which of the following is most likely solid Q?
A Zinc nitrate
C Zinc chloride
B Lead(II) carbonate
D Copper(II) carbonate

4)

Which of the following ions forms a white precipitate that dissolves in excess
ammonia solution?
I
Zn2+
II
Pb2+
III
Cu2+
IV
Al3+
A I and II only
C II and IV only
B I and III only
D I, II and IV only

5)

Which of the following solid salts is suitable to be prepared by the precipitation

method?
A Zinc sulphate
C Potassium carbonate
B Magnesium nitrate
D Lead(II) iodide

6)

4.05 g of zinc oxide powder reacts with excess nitric acid. What is the mass of the
zinc nitrate that is formed in the reaction?
[Relative atomic mass: N = 14; O = 16; Zn = 65]
A 6.35 g
C 9.45 g
B 8.10 g
D 12.70 g

7)

Which of the following mixtures of solutions will produce a white precipitate when
shaken?
A Magnesium sulphate and zinc nitrate
B Silver sulphate and sodium chloride
C Copper(II) nitrate and sodium carbonate
D Hydrochloric acid and barium sulphate

8)

Which of the following ions produces a precipitate when mixed with hydrochloric
acid?
A Pb2+ ion
C Zn2+ ion
B Mg2+ ion
D Al3+ ion

9)

The table below shows the results of the tests carried out on an aqueous solution.
Test
Excess sodium hydroxide solution
is added

Observation
The white precipitate that is formed dissolves
in the excess sodium hydroxide solution

Excess ammonia solution is added

The white precipitate that is formed does not

dissolve in the excess ammonia solution

Potassium chloride solution is

added

A white precipitate is formed

Which of the following ions is most likely present in the solution?

A Zn2+
C Mg2+
B Al3+
D Pb2+

10) Solution X contains two anions. Tests are carried out as shown in the diagram
below.

Solution X

nitric acid
is added

Colourless solution
and effervescence of
gas

barium
nitrate
solution is
added

silver nitrate
is added
White precipitate

What anions are found in solution X?

A Sulphate ions and carbonate ions
B Carbonate ions and chloride ions
C Sulphate ions and chloride ions
D Nitrate ions and carbonate ions

No change

Paper 2
Answer all the questions.
Structured question
The table below shows ions found in three types of salt.
Type of salt
Silver sulphate
Potassium chloride
Copper(II) nitrate

Positive ion
Ag+
Na+
Cu2+

Negative ion
SO42ClNO3-

(a) What is the other name for the negatively charged ion?
_______________________________________________________________
(b) Write the formula for copper(II) nitrate.
_______________________________________________________________
(c) When 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 potassium chloride is added to the silver
sulphate solution in excess, a white precipitate is formed.
(i)

Name the type of reaction that occurs.

______________________________________________________

(ii)

Name the white precipitate that is formed.

______________________________________________________

(iii)

Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs.

______________________________________________________

(iv)

Elaborate on the ionic equation in (c) (iii).

______________________________________________________

(v)

Roughly give the steps in which the dry salt crystals can be
obtained from the experiment.
______________________________________________________

(vi)

Calculate the number of moles of the potassium chloride.

______________________________________________________

(vii)

Calculate the mass of the precipitate that is formed.

[Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5; Ag = 108]
______________________________________________________

Essay question
(a) The diagram below shows an experiment that is carried out for the preparation of a
salt, lead(II) carbonate.

(i) Write the chemical equation that occurs.

[1 mark]
3
-3
(ii) 25 cm of 0.5 mol dm potassium carbonate solution is added to the lead(II)
nitrate solution in excess. Calculate the mass of lead(II) carbonate that is
formed.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12; O = 16; Pb = 207]
[2marks]
(iii) How are the dry lead(II) carbonate crystals obtained?
[3 marks]
(iv) State the observation made and the product formed, when lead(II) carbonate is
heated. Describe a way that can be used to confirm and identify the gas that is
released. Write a chemical equation to support your answer.
[6 marks]
(b) (i)

State three types of reaction in the preparation of salt that is soluble in zinc
nitrate.
[3 marks]
(ii) Elaborate on how you would carry out a chemical test to detect the presence
of both ions in zinc nitrate.
[5 marks]

Paper 3
Answer the question.
A student carried out an experiment to prepare a type of salt that is copper(II) carbonate.
The steps and apparatus set-up of the experiment are shown in the diagram below.

Steps
1) The filter paper is weighed.
2) 25 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 potassium
carbonate solution is added to
25 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 copper(II)
nitrate.

3) The copper(II) carbonate solid

that is formed is filtered, rinsed
and dried with the filter paper.

4) The filter paper with the

dry copper(II) carbonate solid
on it is weighed.

(a)

Complete the following table by stating the observation and the inference that
can be made in this experiment.
Observation

(b)

(c)

(d)

Inference

Record the readings of the experiment results to two decimal places.

Mass of the filter paper

__________ g

Mass of the filter paper + copper(II) carbonate solid

__________ g

(i) What is the mass of the copper(II) carbonate that is formed?

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) carbonate solid that is
formed.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12; O = 16; Cu = 64]
(i) Predict the mass of copper(II) carbonate formed if the experiment is
repeated by adding 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 potassium carbonate solution to
25 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 copper(II) nitrate solution.
(ii) Give an inference to your answer.

Answers
Paper 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

C
D
A
B
D
C
B
A
D
B

Paper 2
Structured question
a) Anion
b) Cu(NO3)2
c) (i) Precipitation
(ii) Silver chloride
(iii) Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
(iv) 1 mol of silver ion reacts with 1 mol of chloride ion produces 1 mol of
silver chloride
(v) Filter the white precipitate, rinse the salt crystals and dry it with the filter
paper.
(vi) Number of moles in KCl = 0.2 x 50 = 0.01 mol

1000
(vii) 1 mol of Cl- ion produces 1 mol of AgCl
0.1 mol of Cl- ion produces 0.01 mol of AgCl
Mass of AgCl = 0.01 x 143.5 = 1.435 g
Essay Question
a)

(i)

Pb(NO3)2 + K2CO3 PbCO3 + 2KNO3

(ii)

Pb(NO3)2 + K2CO3 PbCO3 + 2KNO3

25 cm3
?g
-3
0.5 mol dm
Number of moles of K2CO3 = 0.5 x 25 = 0.0125 mol
1000
1 mol of K2CO3 produces 1 mol of PbCO3
0.0125 mol of K2CO3 produces 0.0125 mol of PbCO3
Mass of PbCO3 = 0.0125 x 267 = 3.34 g

(iii)

(iv)

Filter the mixture in a beaker, rinse with a little distilled water and dry it
with filter paper.
PbCO3 PbO +CO2
Lead(II) carbonate is decomposed into lead(II) oxide and carbon dioxide
when heated.
-

The residue left is lead(II) oxide, which is brown in colour when hot
and yellow when cold

Channel the gas that is released through the lime water

The lime water turns cloudy indicating the presence of carbon dioxide.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

b)

(i)

(ii)

Reaction between nitric acid and zinc oxide

Reaction between nitric acid and zinc hydroxide
Reaction between nitric acid and zinc carbonate
(or reaction between nitric acid and zinc)
Zinc ion
Add ammonia solution until in excess

White precipitate that dissolves in excess ammonia solution

confirms the presence of zinc ion
Nitrate ion
Add iron(II) sulphate solution followed by dilute sulphuric acid

Add concentrated sulphuric acid slowly

A brown ring that is formed confirms the presence of nitrate ion

Paper 3
a)
Observation
Precipitate/green solids are formed

Inference
Copper(II) carbonate, which does not
dissolve in water, is formed

b)

0.05; 3.15

c)

(i) 3.1 g
(ii) 3.1/124 = 0.025 mol

d)

(i) 3.1 g/same

(ii) The number of moles of copper(II) nitrate used is still the same

10