INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 4 ISSUE 2 APRIL 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303

Effectiveness of Increased and Efficient Sine wave in

PWM Architecture
P.Thangam1

R.Rajesh Kanna2

Department of EEE, Hindusthan college of

Engineering & Technology,
thangamsusi@gmail.com

Assistant Professor, Department of EEE

Hindusthan college of Engineering & Technology
mrrajeshkanna@live.com

Abstract The pure sine inverter, which is also referred to as a "true" wave, utilizes so as to produce your appliances with
power. A wave, that is created by rotating AC machinery, is that the sort of wave that is usually provided by the utility company with the
assistance of a generator. The benefits of using a pure sine wave inverter includes Square wave output is sometime harmful for the electrical
devices. All equipment currently on the market is designed for use with function waves. Some appliances, notably microwaves and variable
speed motors, wont turn out full output if they are doing not use sine wave power. Some appliances, such as light dimmers and bread
manufacturers, wont work all while not wave power. A real wave supply is created most simply for prime power applications through
rotating electrical machinery like armed services gas-turbine generators, house-hold diesel or gasolene backup generators, or the varied
generators utilized by power firms that use a shaft source to make associate AC current.

Index terms: PWM, Pure Sine Wave Inverters, PSIM.

I INTRODUCTION
Inverters square measure circuits that convert dc to ac. We are able to
simply say that inverters transfer power from a dc supply to an ac
load. The objective is to create an ac voltage when only a dc
voltage source is available. A variable output voltage can be
obtained by varying the input dc voltage and maintaining the gain of
the inverter constant. On the opposite hand, if the dc voltage is
mounted & not manageable, a variable output voltage are often
obtained by varied the gain of the inverter, that is often
accomplished by pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control within
the inverter. The inverter gain are often outlined because the
magnitude relation of the ac output voltage to dc input voltage.

associate in input modulating signal, so as to generate the turn-on

and turn-off signals for the switch mode inverter(shown in
FIG:10). Gate drive circuits interface these switching signals to
the semiconductor power switches in the inverter. The output voltage
of the inverter is typically a quasi-rectangular ac. waveform with
significant harmonic content.

Figure 1:Block diagram of typical DC-AC inverter

II METHODS OF MAKING INVERTER
There are different types of method
Some of the techniques are shown below.

for

generating

PWM.

2.1Typical dc-ac conversion

Most inverters do their job by converting the incoming DC into AC . We
can a PWM signal by using A PWM generating chip (eg:
SG3524,MC3PHAC) or op-amp. But in these conventional inverters the
voltage gain is very low. In this model of op amp is used as a
comparator which requires comparison of a triangular carrier, Vtriwith

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Figure 2: Circuit diagram of typical PWM inverter.

For applications
requiring
near-sinusoidal
voltage
with
reduced harmonic distortion,
a
low-pass
output
filter
is
connected at the inverter output terminals before driving the
load. FIG:11 shows the circuit for a MOSFET-based inverter in
the full-bridge configuration. The unfiltered output voltage can
be controlled by appropriate switching combinations of the
MOSFET.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 4 ISSUE 2 APRIL 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303
wave. Those sampling value will go in PDC Register. And the PTMR
register will generate the Triangular wave. Then the signal becomes
Sinusoidal PWM signal with dead time. The microcontroller checks
whether the generation is completed or not, if yes, take
another sampling of the sine wave table, if not, it waits until
completion This program is written in micro c.

2.2 Using a transformer

By using a transformer an inverter can be made by
using its polarity. It is also possible to step up the resulting AC.
But it increases the weight and size of the inverter. It even have a
negative impact on output due to the saturation of the core. A
model of this method is shown below:

Figure 3: Inverter stepped up by transformer

Two switches (q1, q2) are with the terminal of primary
side of centre tap transformer. When q1 is on then polarity
appears in the terminal of the transformer. When q2 is on, then
reverse type of polarity appears in the terminal of the transformer.
For this type of sequential switching technique results a
sinusoidal wave.
2.3 Using Microcontroller
All the above mentioned methods are analog designs of
inverter. We also like mention digital implementation of inverter
using microcontroller. The proposed different approach is to replace the
conventional method with the use of microcontroller. The use of
microcontroller brings the flexibility to change the real-time control
algorithms without further changes in hardware. It is also low price and
has a little size of control circuit for the single phase full bridge inverter.
For generating SPWM we have chosen microcontroller PIC
16F877A. Basically we have studied
about
the detailed
information about microcontroller and the mechanism of generating
PWM. It can be done by using a micro c program.

Figure 4: Flow chart of SPWM

Then using this code we need to burn the microcontroller with the
help of INFRA PIC WRITER. An external oscillator is
connected to the output port. Then oscillator shows the pulse width
modulation output.

III PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

2.4 Algorithm for generating SPWM
Figure .4 shows the flow chart of single phase sinusoidal PWM
signal. In this flow chart initialize variables means initialize the
user outlined memory cell, initialize port initializes the ports in
software by which the ports work as output ports. After that
Initialize PCPWM initializes the modules which are used to
generate PWM. Then set all interrupts initializes all interrupts
which area associated with all kinds of desired interrupts. Then
Initialize Sine Look up Table stores the sampling value of sine

The proposed boost inverter achieves dcac conversion, by

connecting the load differentially across two dcdc converters and
modulating the dcdc converter output voltages sinusoidally. The blocks
A and B represent dcdc converters. These converters turnout of dcbiased sine wave output, in order to that every supply solely
produces a unipolar voltage. The modulation of every converter is 180
out of phase with the other, that maximizes the voltage excursion across
the load. The load is connected differentially across the converters.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 4 ISSUE 2 APRIL 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303
Thus, where as a dc bias appears at every finish of the load, with
reference to ground, the differential dc voltage across the load is zero.
The generating bipolar voltage at output is solved by a push pull
arrangement. Thus, the dcdc converters need to be current
bidirectional.

FIG 5: The proposed dcac boost converter

A circuit implementation of the boost dcac converter is shown in
Fig.5.For a dcdc boost converter, by exploitation the averaging
concept the voltage relationship can be obtained for the continuous
conduction mode by V1/Vin =1/1-D ; D= Duty Cycle. The voltage gain,
for the boost inverter, can be derived as follows: assuming that the two
converters are 180 out of phase, then the output voltage is given by
Vo=V1-V2= Vin/(1-D)- Vin/D Vo/Vin=(2D-1)/D(1-D).The
gain
characteristic of the boost inverter Shon in figure 6.. It is
interesting to note that the feature of zero output voltage is
obtained for D=0.5.

Figure 7: Circuit diagram of SPWM inverter

But the current still tends to keep flowing through the switch, that
induces a high voltage across the switch. The faster the current
decreases, the higher the induced voltage becomes. It may reach to
sufficiently high level to destroy the switch. If the switch is unable to
withstand the high induced voltage, it will be destroyed, and can no
more block the current as an OFF-state switch. To avoid this, an
auxiliary network is connected across the switch that prevents the
induced voltage from going too high. The network is called a snubber.
By simulating this circuit weve got a sinusoidal ac output after
appropriate switching combination. This circuit is simulated for 50 Hz
and 4v peak amplitude.
V CONCLUSION

FIG 6: DC gain characteristics

IV IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INVERTER CIRCUIT
In this circuit we have used two DC-DC converters connected
according t o f igur e 6 . To make the gate pulse we have used two
op-amps. It works as a comparator with a triangular signal (carrier
signal) and sine wave (reference signal) connected through a voltage
follower to remove the effect of the impedance of supply signal.
We have used IGBT as switches. Circuits around the switches are
placed to reduce the pressure on switches. This is called snubber
circuit. once a switching device changes its state from ON-state to
OFF-state, the ohmic resistance of the device shortly jumps to a
very high level, blocking the current.

In looking at the components selected and the simulations created

before the actual construction of the inverter, everything was built
in mind for the aim of efficiency and keeping power losses to a
minimum. This project is a stepping stone to a cheaper and efficient
pure sine wave inverter, by using the information collected during this
report as well as the schematics and recommendations the product
produced here can be improved upon. A dcac voltage source
converter has been proposed and studied both theoretically by
experimentation. According to our opinion, the boost inverter is
suitable for applications where the output ac voltage needs to be larger
than the dc input and can offer economic and technical advantages
over the conventional VSI. the transformer can be connected in order to
increase the output voltage. The op-amps employed in that circuit
will simply get replaced by microcontroller for obtaining the pulses. In
that case there is no need of external components for base
isolation because, every pin of microcontroller has separate
ground.

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VOLUME 4 ISSUE 2 APRIL 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303
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AUTHORS PROFILE

Thangam.P obtained her B.E. in Electronics and Communication

Engineering,(Anna university, Chennai 2013), M.E. in Applied
Electronics (Anna university of Chennai, 2015).She is currently doing
her project work on Power Electronics and Drives

R.Rajesh kanna received the B.E., degree in Electrical and Electronics

Engineering and the M.E., degree in Power Electronics and Drives. He
has about 10 years of teaching experience. He is now Assistant
professor in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Hindusthan College
of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. and He is pursuing in Ph.d
in Anna university Chennai

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