Name

: Pramita Yulia Andini

Student ID

: 030.09.184

Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University

Community Nutrition Task
1. The three major determinants for maternal and child undernutrition are
ranging from factors as broad as political instability and weak economic
growth, to those as specific as poor diet, respiratory infection, and the
mothers education and wealth status.
2. Stunting is defined by comparing measurements of children's heights to age, to
the NCHS growth reference population.
Stunting is important because it can be used as an indicator of
nutritional status, comparison of children's measurements with growth
reference curves may be used differently for populations of children than for
individual children. if substantially more than 5% of an identified child
population have height for age that is less than the fifth percentile on the
reference curve, then the population is said to have a higher-than-expected
prevalence of stunting.
A review of the literature on children's nutritional status and cognitive
development reveals many studies which found that chronic malnutrition in
childhood (using anthropometric measures as an indicator) is associated with
lower scores on tests of cognitive development. The long-accepted belief that
malnutrition does the majority of its damage to cognitive ability during the
first two years of life, when the brain grows to roughly 80% of its adult size,
has been belied. Recent research has shown that an improvement in diet after
age two can restore near-normal mental development and that malnutrition
after age two can be damaging just as it is before age two
3. The right time to introduce the complementary feeding to the infant typically
covers the period from 6 to 18-24 months of age.
The fortified food should be given to young children because they tend
to be among those most at risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies.
Fortified foods will maintain body stores of nutrients more efficiently
and more effectively than will intermittent supplements. Fortified foods are
also better at lowering the risk of the multiple deficiencies that can result from
seasonal deficits in the food supply or a poor quality diet. This is an important

advantage to growing children who need a sustained supply of micronutrients

for growth and development.
4. The hepcidin increases associated with malaria infection prevent efficient iron
uptake. Iron supplementation has been shown to be less effective in areas with
high malaria transmission
5. The necessity to conduct dietary survey in community because to assess the
diet, nutrient intake and nutritional status of the general population. It is also
important in the early detection of malnutrition in the community.