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1. ABSTRACT
This research is an investigation about the methodology that
exist to choose an artificial lift system, which is the most important part of
a production well when this has no natural energy. In artificial lift design
the engineer is faced with matching facility constraints, artificial lift
capabilities and the well productivity so that an efficient lift installation
results. Energy efficiency will partially determine the cost of operation,
but this is only one of many factors to be considered. In the typical
artificial lift problem, the type of lift has already been determined and the
engineer has the problem of applying that system to the particular well.
The more basic question, however, is how to determine what is the
proper type of artificial lift to apply in a given field. Each of the four major
types of artificial lift will be discussed before examining some of the
selection techniques. Some additional methods of lift will also be
discussed. Preliminary comments related to reservoir and well factors
that should be taken into consideration are presented. There are certain
environmental and geographical considerations that may be overriding
issues. For example, sucker rod pumping is by far the most widely used
artificial lift method in the United States. However, if we are in the middle
of a densely populated city or on an offshore platform with forty wells
contained in a very small deck area, sucker rod pumping may be
eliminated. Deep wells producing several thousands of barrels per day
cannot be lifted by beam lift and other methods must be considered.
These geographic and environmental considerations may simply make
our decision for us; however, there are many considerations that need to
be taken into account when these conditions are not predetermining
factors. In conclusion choosing the adequate artificial lift method will
depend on several issues and these issues have to be analyzed by the
engineer in charge.
2. RECURSOS
CAMILO VIZCARRA ARIAS
DE
UN
SISTEMA
DE
P mi = W ij f ij ( x)
j =1
Donde:
i = Mtodo de Levantamiento en estudio
j = Criterio a evaluar
n = Ensimo criterio
Pmi = Preferencia del Mtodo i
wij = Peso del criterio j para el mtodo de levantamiento i
fij(x) = Valor de la funcin escaln
3. RESOLUCIN
Localizacin del Pozo: Factores como la ubicacin del pozo (zona urbana, no
urbana costa afuera), la disponibilidad del volumen de gas de inyeccin y las
fuentes de electricidad, son importantes para la seleccin del sistema de
levantamiento artificial.
Presiones en el Yacimiento: La diferencia entre la presin esttica promedio del
yacimiento y la presin fluyente en el fondo del pozo proveen la energa
necesaria para levantar los fluidos del fondo del pozo.
ndice de Productividad: Es un parmetro exclusivamente del pozo. En muy
pocos pozos el ndice de productividad (IP) pudiera permanecer constante por
perodos considerables de tiempo, durante los cuales la tasa a fluctuado, este
fenmeno obedece a que la tasa de produccin ha variado en forma casustica,
proporcionalmente al diferencial de presin (Pe Pwf).
NOMENCLATURA
CAMILO VIZCARRA ARIAS
Bls: Barriles
Cps: centipoises
H2S: cido sulfhdrico
CO2: dixido de carbono
LAG: Levantamiento artificial por gas
IP: ndice de productividad
LA: Levantamiento Artificial.
SLA: Sistema de Levantamiento Artificial
P: Diferencial de Presin
Pe: Presin inicial del reservorio
Pwf: Presion de fondo fluyente
4.CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
5.BIBLIOGRAFA