SUBSECTION C

REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO CLASSES OF

MATERIALS.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS

PART UCS
REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
CONSTRUCTED OF CARBON AND
LOW ALLOY STEELS.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

UCS-56 REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT

TREATMENT.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

UCS-56 (a) There are 3 situations where PWHT are required;

Thickness controls. (table UCS-56 & Table UCS-56.1)
Process service requirements. (UCS-56(a))
Welding methods. (UCS-56(a))
Situation.

Requirements;

Thickness controls

Table UCS-56 or Table UCS-56.1.

Service requirement

as set forth in UCS-68.

Welding process;

Electron beam
welding

welding ferritic materials greater than 1/8 in. (3 mm) thick

Inertia and
continuous drive
friction welding

welding P-No. 3, P-No. 4, P-No. 5A, 5B, and 5C, P-No. 10,
and P-No. 15E materials of any thickness

Electroslag
welding

ferritic materials over 1 in. (38 mm) thickness at the joint

shall be given a grain refining (austenitizing) heat treatment.

Electrogas

ferritic materials with any single pass greater than 1 in.

(38 mm) shall be given a grain refining (austenitizing) heat
treatment.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

Temperature

UCS-56(d2)-Heating rates

[400oF/hr]/ thickness.

UCS-56(b) For P-No. 1

materials only, the
heating and cooling rate
restrictions of (d)(2) and
(d)(5) below do not
apply when the heat
treatment following
welding is in the
austenitizing range.

800oF Maximum
insertion temperature

Time

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

UCS-56(d2)-Variation in temperature throughout the portion of the

vessel
T250oF

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

UCS-56(f) Weld repairs

1. to P-No. 1 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 materials and
2. to P-No. 3 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 materials and
3. to the weld metals used to join these materials
may be made after the final PWHT but prior to the final hydrostatic test,
without additional PWHT, provided that PWHT is not required as a
service requirement in accordance with UW-2(a), except for the
exemptions in Table UCS-56, or as a service requirement in accordance
with UCS-68. The welded repairs shall meet the requirements of (1)
through (6) below. These requirements do not apply when the welded
repairs are minor restorations of the material surface, such as those
required after removal of construction fixtures, and provided that the
surface is not exposed to the vessel contents.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

1. The Manufacturer shall give prior notification of the repair to the

user or to his designated agent and shall not proceed until
acceptance has been obtained. Such repairs shall be recorded on the
Data Report.
2. The total repair depth shall not exceed 1 in. (38 mm) for P-No. 1
Group No. 1, 2, and 3 materials and 58 in. (16 mm) for P-No. 3
Group No. 1, 2, and 3 materials. The total depth of a weld repair
shall be taken as the sum of the depths for repairs made from both
sides of a weld at a given location.
3. After removal of the defect, the groove shall be examined, using
either the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant examination
methods, in accordance with Appendix 6 for MT and Appendix 8
for PT.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

(4) In addition to the requirements of Section IX for qualification of

Welding Procedure Specifications for groove welds, the
following requirements shall apply:
(a)The weld metal shall be deposited by the manual shielded metal
arc process using low hydrogen electrodes. The electrodes shall
be properly conditioned in accordance with Section II, Part C,
SFA-5.5, Appendix A6.11. The maximum bead width shall be
four times the electrode core diameter.
(b) For P-No. 1 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 materials, the repair area
shall be preheated and maintained at a minimum temperature of
200F (95C) during welding.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

(c) For P-No. 3 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 materials, the repair weld method shall
be limited to the half bead weld repair and weld temper bead reinforcement
technique. The repair area shall be preheated and maintained at a minimum
temperature of 350F (175C) during welding. The maximum inter-pass
temperature shall be 450F (230C). The initial layer of weld metal shall be
deposited over the entire area using 18 in. (3 mm) maximum diameter
electrodes. Approximately one-half the thickness of this layer shall be removed
by grinding before depositing subsequent layers. The subsequent weld layers
shall be deposited using 532 in. (4 mm) maximum diameter electrodes in such
a manner as to assure tempering of the prior weld beads and their heat affected
zones. A final temper bead weld shall be applied to a level above the surface
being repaired without contacting the base material but close enough to the
edge of the underlying weld bead to assure tempering of the base material heat
affected zone. After completing all welding, the repair area shall be maintained
at a temperature of 400F ~ 500F (205C260C) for a minimum period
of 4 hr. The final temper bead reinforcement layer shall be removed
substantially flush with the surface of the base material.
Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

(5) After the finished repair weld has reached ambient temperature, it
shall be inspected using the same nondestructive examination that was
used in (f)(3) above, except that for P-No. 3, Group No. 3 materials, the
examination shall be made after the material has been at ambient
temperature for a minimum period of 48 hr to determine the presence of
possible delayed cracking of the weld. If the examination is by the
magnetic particle method, only the alternating current yoke type is
acceptable. In addition, welded repairs greater than 38 in. (10 mm)
deep in materials and in welds that are required to be radiographed by
the rules of this Division, shall be radiographically examined to the
requirements of UW-51.
(6) The vessel shall be hydrostatically tested after making the welded
repair.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

Figure 11.2 A specimen PWHT table UCS-56 and UW-40

nominal thickness

API 510 section 8.1.6.4 says that, in principle, repair welding must
follow the requirements of ASME VIII (it means UW-40 and UCS-56)
but opens the door to two overriding PWHT alternatives set out in API
510 section 8.1.6.4.2. and in aforementioned UCS-56(f) Weld repairs
may be made after the final PWHT but prior to the final hydrostatic test,
without additional PWHT.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

API510-8.1.6.4.2, Alternative to ASME PWHT

Alternative to ASME PWHT
P#

Preheat

Group 1/2/3 only.

Group 1/2 only.

(excl. Mn-Mo steels in G2).

NA

CD

Base Metal

All

Carbon Manganese Steels, 4 Sub Groups

Group 1 up to approx 65ksi
Group 2 Approx 70ksi
Group 3 Approx 80ksi
Group 4 -

Not Used

ALL

3 Sub Groups:- Typically Mo and Cr Mo

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 -

ALL

2 Sub Groups:- Typically 1Cr Mo

Group 1 Group 2 -

The welding shall be limited to the shielded-metal-arc welding (SMAW), gas-metalarc welding (GMAW), and gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes.
Note: CD- Controlled depositions.
Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

NOTES:
1. When it is impractical to post weld heat treat at the temperature specified in this Table, it is permissible to
carry out the post weld heat treatment at lower temperatures for longer periods of time in accordance with
Table UCS-56.1.
2. Postweld heat treatment is mandatory under the following conditions:
a) for welded joints over 1 in. (38 mm) nominal thickness;
b) for welded joints over 1 in. (32 mm) nominal thickness through 1 in. (38 mm) nominal thickness
unless preheat is applied at a minimum temperature of 200F (95C) during welding;
c) for welded joints of all thicknesses if required by UW-2, except postweld heat treatment is not mandatory
under the conditions specified below: -------

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

Mandatory
Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

Over 2 in. (51 mm) to 5 in. (127 mm)

the PWHT is held for a flat 2 hours
for the first 2 inches (51mm) of
thickness with an additional 15
minutes per inch over 2 inches. Lets
look at a graphic of this thickness
range.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-56

UCS-56 REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

(f) Weld repairs to P-No. 1 Group No. 1, 2, and 3 materials and to P-No. 3 Group
Nos. 1, 2, and 3 materials and to the weld metals used to join these materials
may be made after the final PWHT but prior to the final hydrostatic test, without
additional PWHT, provided that PWHT is not required as a service requirement
in accordance with UW-2(a),
(4) In addition to the requirements of Section IX for qualification of Welding
Procedure Specifications for groove welds, the following requirements shall
apply:
a) The weld metal shall be deposited by the manual shielded metal arc process using low
hydrogen electrodes. The electrodes shall be properly conditioned in accordance with Section
II, Part C, SFA-5.5, Appendix A6.11. The maximum bead width shall be four times the
electrode core diameter.
b) For P-No. 1 Group No. 1, 2, and 3 materials, the repair area shall be preheated and
maintained at a minimum temperature of 200F (95C) during welding.
c) For P-No. 3 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 materials, the repair weld method shall be limited to the
half bead weld repair and weld temper bead reinforcement technique. The repair area shall be
preheated and maintained at a minimum temperature of 350F (175C) during welding. The
maximum interpass temperature shall be 450F (230C).
18

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

Preheating Method (Notch Toughness Testing Not

Required) & Controlled-deposition Welding Method (Notch
Toughness Testing Required)
ASME VIII, UCS-56 (4a) The
weld metal shall be deposited by
the manual shielded metal arc
process using low hydrogen
electrodes. The electrodes shall
be properly conditioned in
accordance with Section II, Part
C, SFA-5.5, Appendix A6.11.
The maximum bead width shall
be four times the electrode core
diameter.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

API510 8.1.6.4.2.3, c. The welding shall

be limited to the shielded-metal-arc
welding (SMAW), gas-metal-arc welding
(GMAW), and gas-tungsten arc welding
(GTAW) processes.

Preheating Method (Notch Toughness Testing Not Required)

ASME VIII, UCS-56 (4b) For PNo. 1 Group No. 1, 2, and 3
materials, the repair area shall
be preheated and maintained at
a minimum temperature of
200F (95C) during welding.
ASME VIII, UCS-56(6) The
vessel shall be hydrostatically
tested after making the welded
repair.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

API510, 8.1.6.4.2.2.2 for P-No. 1,

Group 1,2, and 3, and to P-No.3,
Group 1 and 2 (excluding Mn-Mo
steels in Group 2). The preheat
method shall be performed as follows:
The weld area shall be preheated and
maintained at a minimum temperature
of 300F (150C) during welding. The
maximum interpass temperature shall
not exceed 600F (315C).

Controlled-deposition Welding Method (Notch Toughness

Testing Required)
ASME VIII, UCS-56 (4b) For P-No. 3
Group No. 1, 2, and 3 materials, the
repair weld method shall be limited to
the half bead weld repair and weld
temper bead reinforcement technique.
The repair area shall be preheated
and maintained at a minimum
temperature of 350F (175C) during
welding. The maximum interpass
temperature shall be 450F
(230C)..After completing all welding,
the repair area shall be maintained at
a temperature of 400F500F
(205C260C) for a minimum period
of 4 hr.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

API510, 8.1.6.4.2.3 (d) For P-No. 1, P-No. 3, and PNo. 4 steels. A weld procedure specification shall be
developed and qualified for each application. The
welding procedure shall define the preheat
temperature and interpass temperature and include
the post heating temperature requirement in f(8). The
qualification thickness for the test plates and repair
grooves shall be in accordance with Table 8-1. (f7)
The welding technique shall be a controlleddeposition, temper-bead or half-bead technique. The
specific technique shall be used in the procedure
qualification test.

UCS-66 MATERIALS.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

The main material property that API 510 / ASME VIII is concerned
with is that of resistance to brittle fracture. The fundamental issue is
therefore whether a material is suitable for the minimum design metal
temperature (MDMTdesign) for which a vessel is designed. This topic is
covered by clause UCS-66 of ASME VIII.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

Steps:
1. UG-20 for exemption on impact testing.
2. UCS-66.
Identified material Group A,B,C,D.
Figure UCS-66 to determine the allowable MDMT.
Figure UCS-66.1 to determine the reduction in MDMT based on
coincident ratio.
3. UCS-68(c) to determine on further reduction in MDMT.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

Figure UCS 66.1 Coincident Ratio

The Coincident Ratio is based on a vessels extra thickness due to its
design calculations which were based on its Maximum Temperature.
Meaning that; As metals temperature increases its strength decreases,
hotter means weaker, therefore the allowable stress is decreased during
calculations resulting in vessel that requires thicker walls when hot
than when it is operating at its coldest temperature, the MDMT.
This ratio takes credit for the extra wall thickness that is present, but
not needed to resist pressure at the MDMT. The following graphic will
help. Usually when there is a drop in temperature there is also a drop
in the pressure. The two operating conditions are calculated and the
Ratio is determined. This Ratio is given on the exam and you need
only use the table to apply this rule.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

How to use FIG. UCS-66 & FIG. UCS-66.1 to

determine impact test value (MDMT allowable)

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

Steps:
1. Determine material group.
2. Determine MDMT allowable on
the graph.
3. If Design MDMT higher than
MDMT allowable, no test requires.
4. If MDMT allowable is higher than
design MDMT goto FIG. UCS66.1
Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

Steps:
5. If the coincident ratio is 0.70
reduction of 30oF from the
MDMT allowable. The revised
MDMT allowable = 59oF.
6. If the revised MDMT
allowable is higher than the
design MDMT, check on
item 7.
7. If material is P1, UCS-68(c)
If postweld heat treating is
performed when it is not
otherwise a requirement of
this Division, a reduction of
30oF. The resulting MDMT
allowable may be colder than 55oF.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

Once the MDMT allowable had been ascertained, further

reductions are possible by within -55F capping with exception;
1. Low coincident stress ratio
2. postweld heat treating is performed when it is not
otherwise a requirement of this Division on P1 materials.

o
55 F

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

UCS-66 (b2) For minimum design metal temperatures colder than 55F (-48C), impact testing is required for all materials, except as
allowed in (b)(3) below and in UCS-68(c).

UCS-66 (b3) When the minimum design metal

temperature is colder than -55F (-48C) and no
colder than -155F (-105C), and the coincident
ratio defined in Fig. UCS-66.1 is less than or equal
to 0.35, impact testing is not required.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

UCS-66 (b2) For minimum design metal temperatures colder than 55F (-48C), impact testing is required for all materials, except as
allowed in (b)(3) below and in UCS-68(c).

UCS-68(c) If postweld heat treating is performed when it

is not otherwise a requirement of this Division, a 30F
(17C) reduction in impact testing exemption temperature
may be given to the minimum permissible temperature
from Fig. UCS-66 for P-No. 1 materials. The resulting
exemption temperature may be colder than -55F (-48C).

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-66

UCS-68 DESIGNS.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

UCS-68

UCS-68(c) If postweld heat treating is performed

when it is not otherwise a requirement of this
Division, a 30F (17C) reduction in impact
testing exemption temperature may be given to
the minimum permissible temperature
from Fig. UCS-66 for P-No. 1 materials. The
resulting exemption temperature may be colder
than -55F (-48C).

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong

o
55 F

UCS-68

Material Group Applicable Materials

Curve A

Curve B

Curve C

Curve D

Bolting and Nuts

All carbon and low alloy steel plates, structural shapes, and bars not listed in Curves B, C,
and D.

SA-216 Gr. WCB and WCC, SA-217 Gr. WC6, if normalized and tempered or water-quenched and
tempered.

SA-216 Gr. WCA if normalized and tempered or water-quenched and tempered

SA-216 Gr. WCB and WCC for maximum thickness of 2 in., if produced to fine grain practice and
water-quenched and tempered

SA-217 Gr. WC9 if normalized and tempered

SA-285 Gr. A and B

SA-414 Gr. A

SA-515 Gr. 60

SA-516 Gr. 65 and 70 if not normalized

SA-612 if not normalized

SA-662 Gr. B if not normalized

Except for cast steels, all materials of Curve A if produced to fine grain practice and normalized which
are not included in Curves C and D

All pipe, fittings, forgings, and tubing which are not included in Curves C and D

Parts permitted under Para. UG-11 shall be included in Curve B even when fabricated from plate that
otherwise would be assigned to a different curve

SA-182 Gr. 21 and 22 if normalized and tempered

SA-302 Gr. C and D

SA-336 Gr. F21 and F22 if normalized and tempered

SA-387 Gr. 21 and 22 if normalized and tempered

SA-516 Gr. 55 and 60 if not normalized

SA-533 Gr. B and C

SA-662 Gr. A

All material of Curve B if produced to fine grain practice and normalized which are not included in
Curve D

SA-203

SA-508 Cl. 1

SA-516 if normalized

SA-524 Cl. 1 and 2

SA-537 Cl. 1, 2, and 3

SA-612 if normalized

SA-662 if normalized

SA-738 Gr. A

See Figure UCS-66 of Division 1for impact test exemption temperatures for specified material
specifications.

Material Groups for Impact Test Exemptions

Table 3.1

84