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y Since mid 1960 decase operate Nuclear Research
Reactors (Now 3 units : 2 MWt in Bandung,
30MWt in Serpong, and 200 KWt in Jogja –
consructed by BATAN‐Indonesia)
y No significant accident reported
y Nuclear waste treated inBATAN Indonesia
y Silicide fuel for 30MWt Reactor in Serpong is now
fabricated in Indonesia and some part has been
exported
1. Highly reliable and high utilization factor
y Next generation of nuclear power reactors are
basically designed to overcome the energy
shortage due to the high growth of electric energy
consumtion and the fossil fuel crisis as appears
recently.
y For some situation, the long maintenance period
will possibly create trouble to the customer.
y Innovative long life (or longer refueling interval)
water reactor, long life high temperature reactor,
or long life lead or lead bismuth cooled LMFBR
seriously consider such problems.
2. Inherent safety capability
y Due to Chernobyl accident the public acceptance to the
nuclear power plant need to be improved.
y By introducing the inherently safe nuclear power plant is
expected to increase this public acceptance level.
y The possibility of super prompt critical accident should be
eliminated.
y Innovative high temperature gas cooled reactor which can
survived to hypothetical accident such as depresurrization
accident, severe rod withdrowal accident, and other severe
accident is expected to be good candidate.
2. Inherent safety capability
y Innovative small water reactor which can survive severe
LOCA and UTOP accident is also considered as good
candidate.
y Finally innovative lead or lead‐bismuth fast reactors are
also strong candidate. For very small reactors, especially of
lead or lead bismuth cooled fast reactors the use of high
internal conversion factor to control the reactivity to be
well below one dollar is very useful to avoid super prompt
critical accident.
3. Longer refueling interval
y This factor is to support very high utilization
factor and also non proliferation characteristics
especially for very long life reactors without on
site refueling.
y By such type of core there is no need to open the
reactor core in operation area therefore enhance
Non‐proliferation aspect.
y Movable reflector and other means of reactivity
control out side the core may be considered as
long as there is no possibility to create more than
one dollar of reactivity in all possible position of
the reflectors.
4. Proliferation resistant
y This issue is now considered seriously by many next
generation of nuclear reactor designers.
y Implementation can be many ways including the design
such that no need to open the reactor vessel in the
operation area is considered as one important way to
improve proliferation resistant, choosing the fuel so that
there is no possibility for its misuse toward nuclear
weapon etc.
5. Economical
y This aspect is of course very important consideration.
y The proposed nuclear power plant will be
benchmarked to any other electric power plants such
as gas, oil, and coal based electric power plants.
y More efforts are needed to make small and special
purpose reactors more economical.
6. Mobile, modular and factory fabricated
or fast construction time
y This development is important to accelerate
deployments and also improve economical
aspects.
y For mobile reactors, ship based design is an
alternative.
y Modular reactors with factory fabricated design
also good candidates to improve construction
time, and there are still some other efforts to cut
construction time.
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT CASE 1
y Four Governors from Kalimantan + A Governor from
Gorontalo (Sulawesi) strongly urge to build NPP in
their area.
y They have intensive contact with KLT‐40 team from
Russia, they want to just pull KLT‐40 to their area but
Indonesian Regulatory body worry about it.
y One statement in the regulation in Indonesia says
that the NPP installed in Indonesia should be well
proven one with the definition : two years operation
with average load factor minimal 70%.
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT 2
Interest to PBMR
y Several years ago head of a giant Indonesian
Construction company interested in PBMR design;
they approach the PBMR team and hope to be the
sole agen of PBMR in Indonesia.
y But when the PBMR management changing, the deal
then delayed and becomes uncertain.
SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT Case 3
y Some groups have shown interest in modular Pb‐Bi
cooled fast reactors
y Problem with regulatory body which prefer widely
used NPP type for first NPP introduction in Indonesia
CONCLUSION
y NPP Development program in Indonesia has accelerated
significantly during last few years
y NPP has been included in National Energy Policy
y With current electricity demand projection at 2025
Indonesia expected to operate min. 4 Unit about 1000
MWe NPP
y NPP public acceptance program is very important issue in
Indonesia
y Several company ready to operate NPP in Indonesia
y Small NPPs have good prospect for outside Java‐Bali area
in Indonesia
y Further momentums for NPP development program are
expected to come after General Election in Indonesia
(2009)