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Definition…
RNAi (RNA interference) is a process utilized by eukaryotes
to modulate gene expression at pre- and post-transcriptional
Levels.
RNAi (RNA interference), a process
that relies on siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) or miRNAs
(microRNAs) to mediate specificity.
RNA silencing is a novel gene regulatory mechanism that limits the transcript
level by either suppressing transcription (transcriptional gene silencing
[TGS]) or by activating a sequence-specific RNA degradation process
(posttranscriptional gene silencing [PTGS]/RNA interference [RNAi]).
How RNAi discover???
Functions…
In plants, PTGS has been widely linked with RNA virus resistance
mechanisms. Plant RNA viruses are, in fact, both inducers and targets
for PTGS and gene-silencing-defective mutants of plants show
increased sensitivity to viral infections .(The direct role of dsRNA in
inhibiting viral infection has recently been demonstrated by Tenllado
and Diaz-Ruiz . They showed that dsRNAs derived from viral replicase
sequences could interfere with virus infection in a sequence-specific
manner by directly delivering the dsRNAs to leaf cells either by
mechanical coinoculation with the virus or via an Agrobacterium-
mediated transient-expression approach. Successful interference with
the infection of plants by representative viruses belonging to the
tobamovirus, potyvirus, and alfamovirus genera has been
demonstrated. These results support the view that a dsRNA
intermediate in virus replication acts as an efficient initiator of PTGS
in natural virus infections).
The clinching support for the notion that PTGS has evolved as an
antiviral mechanism has come from reports that plant viruses encode
proteins that are suppressors of PTGS . These suppressors have
evolved to save the viral RNA genomes from the PTGS degradative
machinery of host plants.
In mammals, dsRNA induces RNAi as well as interferon-mediated
nonspecific RNA degradation and other nonspecific responses leading
to blockage in protein synthesis and cell death . Thus, mammals seem
to have evolved multiple mechanisms to detect and target dsRNA and
to fight viruses. These various mechanisms may have different
specificities or can function in distinct tissues or during development .