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Video Program
PARTICIPANT GUIDE
2011-2012
VOLUNTEER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page(s)
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................ii
Program Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................................1
Materials Required........................................................................................................................................................................1
Instructions for Tying Knots ............................................................................................................................................. 2 7
Review of Knots and Hitches ...........................................................................................................................................8 9
Types of Ropes ...........................................................................................................................................................................10
Games......................................................................................................................................................................................11 12
The Next Step.............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
This program was paid for with proceeds from the Girl Scout Cookie Activity, Fall Product Activity
and contributions from individuals and corporations.
Copyright
20112012. Girl Scouts of Eastern Missouri. This guide is protected by copyright laws. No portion of this guide may be reproduced in
any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the Girl Scouts of Eastern Missouri. Please address permission
requests to: Girl Scouts of Eastern Missouri, 2300 Ball Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146, Attention: Adult Education Manager or call
800.727.GIRL [4475], 314.592.2300.
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INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the video program, "Basic Knots and Hitches." This program is not a home study program
there are no tests to complete or answer sheets to return.
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ii
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
At the end of this learning experience, with the materials provided, participants will be able to:
1. Tie three knots and three hitches.
2. Tell which types of knots or hitches are most suitable for specific situations.
Materials Required
You will receive the greatest benefit from this program if you tie the knots yourself as they are demonstrated. You will need:
Rope A:
A six-foot length of rope of any diameter or color.
Rope B:
A three-foot length of rope of different diameter from Rope A. Rope B may be the
same color as Rope A.
Rope C:
A three-foot length of rope different in color from Rope A and of any diameter.
Cotton ropes are recommended.
You will also need a vertical object, such as a post or the leg of a chair or table, around which to tie
knots or hitches.
Methods
Only one method of tying each knot or hitch is illustrated in this program. Other resources may
describe how to tie these knots and hitches in different ways.
Definitions
Throughout the video, ropes are often referred to as having a working end and a standing end.
The working end is the end which you will manipulate when tying the knot or hitch. The standing end
is the end which remains immobile.
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Remember the phrase: "Right over left and under, left over right and under.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Continued
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SHEET BEND:
1.
2.
Continued
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BOWLINE:
Use rope A
Remember the story: The standing end of the rope is called the tree. Make a small loop in front of
the tree. This is the rabbit hole. The working end of the rope is called the rabbit. The rabbit comes
out of its hole, goes around behind the tree, and back into its hole. To tighten the knot, grasp the tree
with one hand and the rabbit and its tail in the other, and pull.
Without the story: Pass the working end of the rope over the standing end to make a small loop (the
distance from this loop to the working end of the rope will be the approximate circumference of the
finished loop). Bring the working end of the rope up through the loop, pass it around the standing
rope, then drop it back down through the loop. Grasp the working end where it both enters and exits
the loop; pull simultaneously on the standing end.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Continued
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HALF HITCH:
Use rope A
Loop the working end of the rope around a vertical object, such as a post. Cross the working end of
the rope under the standing part, bring it up, and drop it down through the loop.
1.
2.
Use rope A
1.
2.
Continued
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CLOVE HITCH:
Use rope A
Pass the working end of the rope around a vertical object, such as a post. Bring the working end to
the front of the post and cross it over the standing part, making an X. Wrap the working end around
the post again, below the first wrap. When you bring the working end back to the front of the post,
push the end under the far leg of the X. The end will come out between the two wraps around
the post.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Continued
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Use rope A
Pass the working end of the rope around a vertical object, such as a post. When you bring the working
end of the rope to the front of the post, wrap it around the standing part of the rope twice. Make the
second wrap closer to the post than the first wrap. Then bring the working end of the rope away from
the post and make a half hitch around the standing part of the rope.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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CAUTIONS
COMMENTS
Square Knot: Joins two ropes of equal diameter (easiest of all knots to learn)
Join shorter pieces of
rope to make a longer
piece.
Continued
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USED TO
CAUTIONS
COMMENTS
Half Hitch: Secures the end of a rope after it has been looped around a post or tree, or through a ring
Provides extra holding power
when used in conjunction with
another knot.
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TYPES OF ROPE
Many knots and hitches rely on the ability of the rope to create friction, either when overlapping itself
or when tied around a tree or other object. For this reason, uncoated cotton ropes are best.
TYPE OF ROPE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Cotton or
Heavy Binders Twine
Creates friction.
Coated Cotton
Resists weathering.
Nylon
Durable.
Will degrademust be
replaced.
Cotton Blend
Creates friction.
Durable.
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10
GAMES
Relay Races
Round 'Em Up: Teams sit or stand in a circle, with player #1 holding a rope and a
short stick. When the name of a knot is called, player #1 must run completely around
the outside of the circle, return to her original position, tie the knot and pass it to the
player to her left. The stick is used if the knot must be tied around an object
(e.g. the clove hitch). The player on the left then unties the knot, runs around the
circle, ties the knot and passes it along. Each player takes a turn until the rope is
returned to player #1. The team that completes the task first wins the game.
Variation: Additional knots can be called. Teams get one point for every knot
they complete first.
Think Fast!: Teams stand in single file behind a line. Each girl has a length of rope. A goal line is designated a short distance away from the start line. A set of cards is placed face down on the goal line
for each team. Each card names a specific knot. All sets of cards are the same. There should be one
card for each girl. On a given signal, the first player on each team runs to the goal line and selects
a card. She must tie the knot designated on the card, set the completed knot and the card across
the goal line, and return to her team. The next player on the team then repeats the process. The first
team that completes the task, with all knots tied correctly, wins.
Sinking Ships: Two parallel lines are drawn on the ground to represent a river.
The banks of the river should be about eight feet apart. Patrols or teams
(must be equal size) line up single file on one of the banks. Patrol/team
leaders stand on the opposite bank with a fifteen-foot piece of rope.
On signal, the leaders throw one end of the rope to the girl who is first
in line for their team. That player ties a bowline around her waist and
the leader pulls her to safety on the other bank. The girl who has
been rescued unties the rope from around her waist and the
leader throws the end to the next girl in line. The first team to rescue all
players wins.
Running Games
Cats' Tail: Before the game begins, out of view of the girls, hide 20-30 six-inch pieces
of heavy string or lightweight rope. Have the girls form teams of equal size. Each team
designates a cat, who is given a piece of string. At the signal, all players except the
cats begin looking for the hidden pieces of string. As each piece is found, it is taken to
the cat, who ties it with a square knot to the end of her string. The team that finishes
with the longest tail wins.
Continued
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11
Games, continued
Circle Games
Blindfolds: Girls sit in a circle. Each girl has a piece of rope. On a given signal, each girl closes
her eyes and ties the knot the caller has designated. The first girl who correctly ties the knot wins.
Variation: Girls tie the knots behind their backs.
Simon Says: Each girl has a piece of rope. The player designated as Simon calls out the name of
a knot. The command must begin with the words, Simon Says (e.g. "Simon says: Tie a square knot.").
Each girl must tie the knot that has been called. Any girl who ties the knot incorrectly, ties the wrong
knot or ties a knot when the leader did not say "Simon says" is out.
Parcels: Girls form circles of equal size. Girls take three steps backward
so that there are several feet between each girl. Each team is given butcher
paper, string and an assortment of items to wrap up. On a given signal, one girl
wraps the items in the butcher paper, ties the bundle and tosses it to
the player on her left. The package is tossed from player to player around
the circle. The team whose parcel first arrives, intact, back at the beginning of
the circle wins.
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