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… in College Algebra
Linear Equations
By
Jonathan D. Williams
∆𝑦 𝑦1 − 𝑦2
𝑚= =
∆𝑥 𝑥1 − 𝑥2
or
∆𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚= =
∆𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
∆𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑦1 − 𝑦2
𝑚= = =
∆𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑥1 − 𝑥2
The following slides will explain how and when to use each
type of equation to describe a linear relationship.
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃
Methodology:
1. Identify your given information (𝑚 = −2 and 𝑏 = 3).
2. Substitute the essential values into the slope-intercept
formula.
Methodology:
1. Identify your given information (𝑚 = −2 and 𝑏 = 3).
2. Substitute essential values into the slope-intercept
formula.
Answer:
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑦 = −2 𝑥 + 3
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3
Methodology:
1. Identify your given information (𝑚 = 5 and 𝑏 = −7).
2. Substitute essential values into the slope-intercept
formula.
Methodology:
1. Identify your given information (𝑚 = 5 and 𝑏 = −7).
2. Substitute essential values into the slope-intercept
formula.
Answer:
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑦 = 5 𝑥 + −7
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 7
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏
NOTE:
You may use this formula if the coordinate point happens to
be the y-intercept. Yet, it is easier to apply the slope-intercept
formula if this is the case. However, both formulae yield the
same result.
Methodology:
1. Identify your given information (𝑚 = −9, 𝑥1 = 1 and
𝑦1 = −7).
2. Substitute essential values into the point-slope formula.
3. Solve for 𝑦. (NOTE: This will transform the equation into
the slope-intercept form)
Answer:
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1
𝑦 − −7 = −9 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 + 7 = −9 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 + 7 = −9𝑥 + 9
𝑦 = −9𝑥 + 2
Methodology:
1. Identify your given information (𝑚 = 10, 𝑥1 = −2 and
𝑦1 = 3).
2. Substitute essential values into the point-slope formula.
3. Solve for 𝑦. (NOTE: This will transform the equation into
the slope-intercept form)
Answer:
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1
𝑦 − 3 = 10 𝑥 − −2
𝑦 − 3 = 10 𝑥 + 2
𝑦 − 3 = 10𝑥 + 20
𝑦 = 10𝑥 + 23
𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 = 𝑪
𝟓 𝒚𝟎 = −𝟓
𝒙𝟎 =
𝟐
Copyright © 2012, 2013 Jonathan D. Williams
Forms of Linear Equations
Use the flow chart below to determine how to create a
linear equation based on the information provided.
𝒚=𝒌
where 𝑘 is any real-valued, constant number
𝒚=𝟓
0,5
Y- 𝒚 = −𝟐
intercept
x x
0, −2
Y-
intercept
Methodology:
1. Identify the y-coordinate for the point of intersection,
6
and set the parameter 𝑘 equal to this value 𝑘 = .
16
2. Substitute the value for 𝑘 into the equation 𝑦 = 𝑘.
Methodology:
1. Identify the y-coordinate for the point of intersection,
6
and set the parameter 𝑘 equal to this value 𝑘 = .
16
2. Substitute the value for 𝑘 into the equation 𝑦 = 𝑘.
Answer:
6 3
𝑦= or 𝑦 =
16 8
𝒙=𝒉
where ℎ is any real-valued, constant number
𝒙 = −𝟑
X- X- 𝒙=𝟒
intercept intercept
x x
−3,0 4,0
Methodology:
1. Identify the x-coordinate for the point of intersection,
1
and set the parameter ℎ equal to this value ℎ = − .
2
2. Substitute the value for ℎ into the equation 𝑥 = ℎ.
Methodology:
1. Identify the x-coordinate for the point of intersection,
1
and set the parameter ℎ equal to this value ℎ = − .
2
2. Substitute the value for ℎ into the equation 𝑥 = ℎ.
Answer:
1
𝑥=−
2
Y-Intercept (𝒃)
Vertical Line (𝑥 = ℎ)
Undefined If ℎ < 0, the line is parallel to and to the left of the y-axis.
𝑚∉ℝ If ℎ = 0, the line is the y-axis.
If ℎ > 0, the line is parallel to and to the right of the y-axis.
I y II y III y
x x x
Examples
1 9
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3 𝑦 = − 17 𝑥 𝑦 = −7𝑥 − 9
13 11
𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 4 𝑦 = −86𝑥 𝑦=− 𝑥 −
5 5
IV y V y y
VI
x x x
Examples
1
𝑦 = 7 𝑥 +9 𝑦 = 10𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥 −3
1 2 3 13
𝑦 = 8𝑥 + 8 𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 7
VII y VIII y y
IX
x x x
Examples
1
𝑦 = 13 𝑦=0 𝑦 = −6
5
𝑦 = 17 𝑥−axis 𝑦 = −7
X y XI y XII y
x x x