NECK MUSCLE

Muscle Name

Origin

Sternocleidomas Manubrium of sternum

toid
Medial 1/3 of clavicle
PT: Head & neck
contralaterally rotated

Scalene

Anterior

Insertion
Mastoid process of temporal
bone
Lat. of sup. nuchal line of
occiput

1st rib

Transverse process of C3-C6

Transverse process of C2-C7

2nd rib

Transverse process of C5-C7

Middle
Posterior

PH: placed in posterior

triangle of the neck,
superior to the clavicle
and just lateral to the
SCM

Splenius
PT: head & neck
ipsilaterally rotated,
support back of clients
head

Longus

Capitis
Infrahyoids

PH: placed just medial

to the SCM

Action
Flex lower neck & extend
upper neck
Supine
Lat. Flex & contralaterally
PS: Client lift
rotates the head & neck
head & neck from
Elevates sternum &
table
clavicle
Flex, laterally flex &
contralaterally rotates
neck
Supine

Elevate
1st rib
PS: Client take in
short, quick
Laterally flexes neck
breaths trough
Elevates 2nd rib
nose

Nuchal ligament from C3-C6 Mastoid process of temporal

Spinous process of C7-T4
bone
Lat. of sup. nuchal line of
occiput

PH: placed at upper

aspect of post. triangle
of neck inferior to the
occiput and posterior
to the SCM

Colli

Position

Between T3 and C1
Transverse process and &
anterior surface of
vertebral bodies

Inferiorly to the transverse

process & anterior
processes & anterior
surface of vertebral bodies
superiorly
Transverse process of C3-C5 occiput

Sternohyoi Sternum
d
Sternothyr
oid
Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage

Hyoid
Thyroid cartilage
Hyoid

SEATED

Extends, laterally flexes &

ipsilaterally rotates the
head & neck

PS: Client extend

head & neck
(resist)

Supine
PS: Client flex
the head & neck
by lifting head up
from the table

Supine
PS: Client
depress
mandible (open
mouth)

Flex, laterally flex &

contralaterally rotates
neck

Flex & laterally flex neck

Depresses the mandible
at TMJ
Flex head & neck
Infrahyoid: depress hyoid

Diagram

Suprahyoids

Hyoid Group

Superior border of the

scapula
Mastoid notch
Mandible
Digastric
Styloid process of temporal Hyoid
Stylohyoid
bone
Mylohyoid Hyoid
Inner surface of the mandible

bone
Suprahyoid: elevates
hyoid bone

Omohyoid

Geniohyoid

PH: placed immediately

inferior to the hyoid,
just off center

Muscle Name
Lateral

Origin
Sphenoid bone

Pterygoid

PH: using glove,

place finger inside
the mouth
(between cheek &
teeth) until
reaching the back
molars; then press
posteriorly &
superiorly.

Medial
PH: curled round
the inside surface
of the angle of the
mandible

Semispinalis
PT: head & neck
ipsilaterally rotated
PH: just below the
occiput & lateral to
midline of the spine

Sphenoid & maxillary bone Internal surface of the

mandible at the angle
Inferior aspect of the ramus
Transverse process of C7-T6 Medial of the occipital
Articular process of C4-C6
bone between sup. & inf.
nuchal line

Rectus Capitis
Posterior
Major
Rectus Capitis
Posterior
Minor
Obliquus

Capitis
Inferior
Obliquus

Capitis

Suboccipital

Insertion
Neck of mandible
Capsule & articular disc of
TMJ

Spinous process of C2
Posterior tubercle of C1

Lat. of the nuchal line of

the occiput
Medial of the inferior
nuchal line of the occiput

Spinous process of C2

Transverse process of C1

Transverse process of C1

Lateral occiput between the

Position
Supine

Action
Protracts & contralaterally
deviates the mandible

PS: Client slowly

protract
mandible (lower
teeth in front of
upper teeth)

Elevates, protracts &

contralaterally deviates
PS: Client elevate
the mandible by
the mandible
Supine

clenching teeth

Supine

Extends & laterally flexes

the head and neck

PS: Client press

head on the bed

SUPINE
TH: from C2,
palpate
superolateral
PS: Client
anteriorly
translate head

Extends & anteriorly

translate the head
The obliquus capitis
inferior ipsilaterally
rotates the atlas.

Diagram

Superior
PH: placed just
superior & slightly
lateral to spinous
process of C2 (axis)

superior & inferior nuchal

lines

TRUNK MUSCLE
Muscle Name

Origin

Latissimus Dorsi Spinous process of T7-L5

PT: Arm relaxed at the
side

Erector Spinae

PH: placed on the

posterior axillary fold
(armpit) and support
clients just proximal to
the elbow joint

Spinalis

Longissimus
Iliocostalis

Transversospinalis

PH: placed just lateral

to the lumbar spine

Posterior iliac crest

Lowest 3-4 ribs
Inferior angle of the scapula

Position

PRONE
PS: Client extend
the arm

Spines of upper lumbar &

lower thoracic vertebrae
Transverse process of
lumbar through cervical
vertebrae

Semispinalis

Multifidus

Insertion
Medial lip of the bicipital
groove of the humerus

PS: Client
perform mild
pelvic tilt

Spines of upper thoracic &

cervical vertebrae
Transverse process of
thoracic/cervical vertebrae
and to ribs superior to origin
Mastoid process for capitis
Iliac crest (lumborum)
Angle of ribs (lumborum &
Inferior 6 ribs (thoracis)
thoracis)
Ribs 3-6 (cervicis)
Cervical vertebrae C6-C4
(cervicis)
Transverse process of T1-T6, Spinous process of upper
T6-T12 & C4-C7
thoracic & lower cervical
vertebrae, C2-T5 & between
superior & inferior nuchal
lines of occipital bone
articular processes of lower spinous process of all
cervical vertebrae
vertebrae extending from
(cervical)
L5 - C2 (skipping 1-3
transverse processes of all
segments)
thoracic vertebrae
(thoracic)
lower portion of dorsal
sacrum, PSIS, deep
surface of tendenous
origin of erector spinae &

PRONE
PS: Client extend
trunk, neck &
head

PRONE

Action
Extend, adducts &
medially rotates the
arm
Anterior tilts pelvis
Depress the scapula

Extends, laterally flexes &

ipsilaterally rotates the
trunk, neck & head
Anteriorly tilts & elevates
pelvis

Extends, laterally flexes &

contralaterally rotates
PS: Client slightly
the trunk & neck
extend & rotate
the lower trunk Extends and laterally
to the opposite
flexes the head
side of the body

Anteriorly
tilts & elevates
(contralateral)
pelvis

Diagram

Rotatores
PH: placed just lateral
to the spinous process
of the lumbar spine
within the laminar
groove (Right & left
align to L5)
X L5 X

Muscle Name
Quadratus
Lumborum
PH: placed just lateral
to the lateral border of
the erector spinae in
the lumbar region with
direct palpating
pressure medially.

Interspinales

mamillary processes of all

lumbar vertebrae (lumbar)
transverse process of one
skips one vertebra to insert
vertebra
on the base of spinous
process of vertebra above
(long)
base of spinous process of
vertebra immediately above
(short)
Origin
Insertion
Inferomedial border of the Posteromedial iliac crest
12th rib
Transverse process of L1-L4

Spinous process

From a rib

Spinous process immediately

superior (in the lumbar &
cervical region)

The rib immediately superior

(within intercostal space)

PH: placed in an
intercostal space
(between 2 ribs) in the
lateral trunk

Crest & symphysis of pubic Xiphoid process of the

bone
sternum
PH: placed just off
The costal cartilages of ribs
center of the midline of
5-7
the abdomen
Obliques

Rectus
Abdominis

External

Action
Elevates & anteriorly tilts
PRONE
the pelvis
PS: Client elevate Extends & laterally flexes
pelvis/ find
the trunk
erector spinae
Depresses the 12th rib
and move
laterally

PH: placed between

two adjacent spinous
processes of the
lumbar region.

External &
Internal
Intercostals

Position

Abdominal aponeurosis
Pubic bone
Inguinal ligament
Anterior iliac crest

Lower 8 ribs

SEATED

Extend the neck and

trunk
PS: Client slightly
flex forward &
then extend back
to anatomic
position

SIDE LYING

Elevate & depress ribs for

breathing
PS: Client breath
lightly & relaxed Laterally flex the trunk
External : contralaterally
rotate the trunk
Internal: ipsilaterally
rotate the trunk
SUPINE
Flexes & laterally flexes
the trunk
PS: Client slightly
flex the trunk Posteriorly tilts the pelvis
(curl the trunk
upward)

SUPINE
PS: Client rotate
the trunk to the
opposite side of

Flexes, laterally flexes &

contralaterally rotates
the trunk

Diagram

Internal
PT: small roll under the
knees

Inguinal ligament
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia

Lower 3 ribs
Abdominal aponeurosis

the body
(external) & flex
and ipsilaterally
rotate the trunk
(internal)

PH: placed on the

anterolateral
abdominal wall (lateral
to the rectus
abdominus)

Diaphragm
PT: roll under knees to
flex thighs
PH: curled under the
inferior margin of the
anterior ribcage

Internal surface of lower 6 Central tendon of diaphragm

ribs
Xiphoid process of sternum
Anterior surface of L1-L3

SUPINE
PS: Client take in
a deep breath
and slowly
exhale. Curl
deeper during
exhalation.

Posteriorly tilts, elevates

& ipsilaterally rotate the
pelvis
Compress the abdominal
contents
Flexes, laterally flexes &
ipsilaterally rotates the
trunk
Posteriorly tilts, elevates
& contralaterally rotate
the pelvis
Compress the abdominal
contents
Increase the volume of
thoracic cavity
Allowing lungs to expand
for inspiration