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CH. 7
Memory
Memory: the capacity to retain and retrieve information
Encoding - requires attention
Storage
Retrieval how we get the memory out
Memory is Selective and a Reconstructive process
High-Load Attention more complicated/important matter
Low-Load Attention less serious
Performing once task yields better performance.
Traditional 3 Stage Memory Model
Sensory Memory goes to Thalamus
o Stored as sensory ()
o Smell chocolate chip cookies, store that smell so you
recognize it next time
Processing Memory
1. Structual
a. CAT uppercase letters, not interpreting word
2. Phonemic
a. How we remember things?
3. Semantic
a. Meaning of word
b. Most important
Short-Term Memory only remember for 10-20 seconds
*For us to remember something we have to do rehearsal
The average person can remember 7 things, +/- 2
Chunking: How we categorize things so we can recall info more easily
Working Memory going through the memory and doing it
Ability to hold and manipulate infor with conscious attention
o Ex. Writing notes
Associated with intellect
Impacted by
o Phonological Loop loop of repetition to recall
o Visuo-Spatial Thinkpad seeing things and being able to
map them
Good at directions
o Central executive system what needs to be attended to &
when
o Episodic Buffer integrates short term and working
memory into long term term
Long term unlimited capacity store
Flash-Bulb Memories remembering specific details of a certain time
Procederal forgetting something because youre already so familiar
with it
Ex. Riding a bike, driving to work
Declarative Memory
Memories in general that are spoken
Semantic actual words we remember
Episodic situation/surroundings
Encoding
Elaboration ability to encode things through various techniqies
Effortful- time into remembering
Rehearsal recycling, going over and over again
o Visusal imagery vs. abstract
Dual Coding Theory
Self Referent Encoding makes things more personal
Storage memories are ordered by importance and decay after time
Interference anothing thing interferes you remembering
Primacy Effect memorize first things/beginning
Recency Effect memorize last things/end
Confabulation remembering things wrong
Source monitoring error + reality monitoring error
Eye-Witness Testimony
Misinformation
Retelling a story is dangerous
Embellish facts
Hypnosis cannot be used in court
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue Types of Memory
Declarative
Nondeclarative
Procedural
Doesnt require conscious effort
Episodic: chronologically or temporally dated
Recollectional memories
Sweet 16, learning to drive
autobiography
Semantic: general knowledge not tied to a time when it was
learned
Encyclopedia
Retrospective:
Prospective: ability to plan ahead