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N 1 F1
;
N 2 F2
N1
N2
N1
N2
H1
;
H2
HP1
HP 2
N 1 F1
N 2 F2
, defines the
N1
N2
H1
F
FIG. 1
H
HD
D
PUMP
CURVE
FD
FIG. 3
SYSTEM CURVE
HD
D
PUMP
CURVE
SYSTEM CURVE
HMIN
FD
FIG. 4
Hmin
0
F
FIG. 2
Design
PUMP
CURVE
RPM
RPM
3
RPM
4
RPM
5
RPM
6
HMIN
RPM
2
F
FIG. 5
That minimum RPM curve can be found by the second
Affinity Law.
Nmin
ND
N min
ND
N min
Hmin
HD
HD
H min
HD
N min
ND
The minimum speed that the pump can operate and have
an effect on the system is equal to the design speed
multiplied by the square root of the ratio of the minimum
pressure over the design pressure.
So, as Hmin approaches HD, the ratio under the radical
approaches 1. Therefore, the minimum speed approaches
the design speed and the savings are minimized.
The operating system requirements will be met only when
the system operates between Hmin and HD. When automatic
controls are installed, the pump automatically finds the
minimum speed, no matter whether the controls sense
flow, pressure, temperature, or some other variable. Why?
Because the pump will not have an effect on the system
until the minimum speed is applied. This is the reason
H min
ND
H min
F1
Affinity Law:
only to the portion of the problem that pertains to flow in
the system!
SYSTEM CURVE
H
Speed Ratios
F1
FD
N1
ND
HD
PUMP
CURVE
100% - Min%
HMIN
HMIN
HD
Min%
FD
FIG. 6
N min
ND
H min
HD
100%
F1
FD
0.60
N1
F1
0.60
10
. 0.60
ND
FD
Thats it! You have taken into account that the pump must
operate at a certain minimum speed to accommodate the
real world of the system that it is attached to and serves,
and you have taken into account that the flow does,
indeed, vary with the speed of the pump. But only after
the pump has reached a speed sufficient to start the flow in
the system.
N1
ND
HP1
HPD
Therefore:
HP1 HPD
H min F 1
1
HD
FD
H min
HD
H min
;
HD
10. 0.60
H min
;
HD
F1
FD
H min F 1
100%
HD FD
F1