CAPE Unit One

Examination 2011

Question 1
(a) Without using calculators, find the exact value of
(i)

75 +

2

2
12
75 12

[3]

(ii) 271/4 93/8 811/8 .

[3]

(b) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, represents a segment of the
graph of the function
f (x) = x3 + mx2 + nx + p
where m, n and p are constants.
f (x)

(0, 4)

Find

(c)

(i) the value of p

[2]

(ii) the values of m and n

[4]

(iii) the x-coordinate of the point Q.

[2]

(i) By substituting y = log2 x, or otherwise, solve for x, the equation

p

log2 x = log2 x.
[6]

(ii) Solve, for real values of x, the inequality

x2 |x| 12 < 0.

[5]

Question 2
(a) The quadratic equation x2 px + 24 = 0, p R, has roots and .
(i) Express in terms of p,
a) +

[1]

b) 2 + 2 .

[4]

(ii) Given that 2 + 2 = 33, find the possible values of p.

[3]

(b) The function f (x) has the property that

f (2x + 3) = 2f (x) + 3,

x R.

If f (0) = 6, find the value of

(i) f (3)

[4]

(ii) f (9)

[2]

(iii) f (3) .

[3]

(c) Prove that the product of two consecutive integers k and k + 1 is an

even integer.
[2]
(d) Prove, by mathematical induction, that n (n2 + 5) is divisible by 6 for
all positive integer n.
[6]

Question 3
(a)

(i) Let a = a1 i + a2 j and b = b1 i + b2 j with |a| = 13 and |b| = 10.

Find the value of (a + b) (a b)

(ii) If 2b a = 11i , determine the possible values of a and b.

[5]
[5]

(b) The line L has equation x y + 1 = 0 and the circle C has equation
x2 + y 2 2y 15 = 0.

(i) Show that L passes through the centre of C.

[2]

(ii) If L intersects C at P and Q, determine the coordinates of P and

Q.
[3]
(iii) Find the constants a, b and c such that x = b + a cos and y =
c + a sin are parametric equations (in parameter ) of C.

[3]

(iv) Another circle C2 , with the same radius as C, touches L at the

centre of C. Find the possible equations of C2 .
[7]

Question 4
(a) By using x = cos2 , or otherwise, find all values of the angle such
that
8 cos4 10 cos2 + 3 = 0, 0 .
[6]
(b) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a rectangle P QRS
with sides 6 cm and 8 cm inscribed in another rectangle ABCD.
Q
A
B

6 cm

P
R
8 cm

(i) The angle that SR makes with DC is . Find in terms of , the

length of the side BC.

(c)

[2]

(ii) Find the value of if |BC| = 7 cm.

[5]

(iii) Is 15 cm a possible value for |BC|? Give a reason.

[2]

1 cos 2
= tan .
sin 2
(ii) Hence, show that
1 cos 4
a)
= tan 2
sin 4
1 cos 6
b)
= tan 3.
sin 6
(iii) Using the results in (c) (i) and (ii) above, evaluate
(i) Show that

n
X

[3]

[3]
[2]

(tan r sin 2r + cos 2r)

r=1

where n is a positive integer.

[2]

Question 5
x2 + 5x + 6
.
x2 x2 x 6

(a) Find lim

[4]

(b) The function f on R is defined by

 2
x + 1 if x 2
f (x) =
bx + 1 if x < 2.
Determine
(i) f (2)

[2]

(ii) lim+ f (x)

[2]

(iii) lim f (x) in terms of the constant b

[2]

(iv) the value of b such that f is continuous at x = 2.

[4]

x2

x2

(c) The curve y = px3 + qx2 + 3x + 2 passes through the point T (1, 2) and
its gradient at T is 7. The line x = 1 cuts the x-axis at M, and the
normal to the curve at T cuts the x-axis at N.
Find
(i) the values of the constants p and q.

[6]

(ii) the equation of the normal to the curve at T

[3]

(iii) the length of MN.

[2]

Question 6
(a) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, is a sketch of the section of
the function f (x) = x (x2 12) which passes through the origin O. A
and B are stationary points on the curve.
y
Ab
f (x) = x(x2 12)
x

B
Find
(i) the coordinates of each of the stationary points A and B

[8]

(ii) the equation of the normal to the curve f (x) = x (x2 12) at the
origin, O.
[2]
(iii) the area between the curve and the positive x-axis.
(b)

(i) Use the result

Z
to show that

f (x) dx =
0

x sin xdx =
0

(ii) Hence, show that

Z
Z
a)
x sin xdx =
0
Z
b)
x sin xdx = .
0

f (a x) dx,

a > 0,

( x) sin xdx.

sin xdx +
0

[6]

[2]

x sin xdx

[2]

[5]

CAPE Unit One

Examination 2010

10

Question 1
(a) Find the values of the constant p such that (x p) is a factor of


f (x) = 4x3 (3p + 2)x2 p2 1 x + 3.

[5]

(b) Solve for x and y, the simultaneous equations

log(x 1) + 2 log y = 2 log 3
log x + log y = log 6.
[8]
(c) Solve, for x R, the inequality
2x 3
5 > 0.
x+1
[5]
(d) By putting y = 2x , or otherwise, solve


4x 3 2x+1 + 8 = 0.

[7]

11

Question 2
(a)

(i) Use the fact that Sn =

n
X

r=

1
n (n
2

+ 1) to express S2n =

r=1

in terms of n.

2n
X

r=1

[2]

(ii) Find constants p, q such that

S2n Sn = pn2 + qn.
[5]
(iii) Hence, or otherwise, find n such that
S2n Sn = 260.
[5]
(b) The diagram below (not drawn to scale) shows the graph of y =
x2 (3 x). The coordinates of P and Q are (2, 4) and (3, 0) respectively.
y

Q
O

(i) Write down the solution set of the inequality x2 (3 x) 0.

[4]

(ii) Given that the equation x2 (3 x) = k has three real roots for x,
write down the possible values of k.
[3]
(iii) The functions f and g are defined as follows:
f : x x2 (3 x), for 0 < x < 2

g : x x2 (3 x), for 0 < x < 3

By using (b) (ii) above, or otherwise, show that

a) f has an inverse,
b) g does NOT have an inverse.

[6]

12

Question 3
(a) The vectors p and q are given by
p = 6i + 4j
q = 8i 9j.
(i) Calculate, in degrees, the angle between p and q.

[5]

(ii) a) Find a non-zero v such that p v = 0.

b) State the relationship between p and v.

[5]

(b) The circle C1 has (3, 4) and (1, 2) as endpoints of a diameter.

(i) Show that the equation of C1 is x2 + y 2 + 2x 6y + 5 = 0.

[6]

(ii) The circle C2 has equation x2 + y 2 + x 5y = 0. Calculate the

coordinates of the points of intersection of C1 and C2 .

[9]

13

Question 4
(a)

(i) Solve the equation cos 3A = 0.5 for 0 A .

(ii) Show that cos 3A = 4 cos3 A 3 cos A.

[4]
[6]

(iii) The THREE roots of the equation 4p3 3p0.5 = 0 all lie between

1 and 1. Use the results in (a) (i) and (ii) to find these roots.[4]

(b) The following diagram, not drawn to scale, represents a painting of

height h metres, that is fastened to a vertical wall at a height d metres
above and x metres away from the level of an observer, O.

Painting
hm

dm

O
xm
The viewing angle of the painting is ( ), where and are respectively the angles of inclination, in radians, from the level of the observer
to the top and base of the painting.
(i) Show that
tan( ) =

x2

hx
.
+ d (d + h)
[6]

(ii) The viewing angle of the painting, ( ), is at a maximum when

p
x = d (d + h). Calculate the maximum viewing angle, in radians,
when d = 3h.
[5]

14

Question 5
(a) Find
x2 9
x3 x3 27
tan x 5x
(ii) lim
.
x0 sin 2x 4x
(i) lim

[4]
[5]

(b) The function f on R is defined by


3x 7 if x > 4
f (x) =
1 + 2x if x 4.
(i) Find
a) lim+ f (x)

[2]

b) lim f (x) .

[2]

x4
x4

(c)

(ii) Deduce that f (x) is discontinuous at x = 4.

[2]


2
1
dx.
x
x
1

[6]

(i) Evaluate

(ii) Use the substitution u = x + 4, or otherwise, find

[4]

x x2 + 4dx.

15

Question 6
(a) Differentiate with respect to x
(i) y = sin(3x + 2) + tan 5x

[3]

(ii) y =

x +1
.
x3 1

[4]

(b) The function f (x) satisfies

(i) Find

f (x) dx = 7.
1

[3f (x) + 4] dx.

[4]

(ii) Using the substitution u = x + 1, evaluate

2f (x + 1) dx.

[4]

(c) In the diagram below (not drawn to scale), the line x + y = 2 intersects the curve y = x2 at the points P and Q.
y

y = x2

x+y =2

O
(i) Find the coordinates of the points P and Q.

[5]

(ii) Calculate the area of the shaded portion of the diagram bounded
by the curve and the straight line.
[5]

16

CAPE Unit One

Examination 2009

18

Question 1
(a) Without using tables or a calculator, simplify

form k 7 where k is an integer.

28 +

343 in the
[5]

(b) Let x and y be positive real numbers such that x 6= y.

x4 y 4
.
xy
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that
(i) Simplify

[6]

(y + 1)4 y 4 = (y + 1)3 + (y + 1)2 y + (y + 1)y 2 + y 3 .

[4]
(iii) Deduce that (y + 1)4 y 4 < 4(y + 1)3 .
(c) Solve the equation log4 x = 1 + log2 2x, x > 0.

[2]
[8]

19

Question 2
(a) The roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 are and .
Without solving the equation, find the quadratic equation whose
2
2
roots are and .
[6]

(b) The coach of an athletic club trains six athletes u, v, w, x, y and z, in

this training camp. He makes an assignment, f , of athletes u, v, w, x, y
and z to physical trainers 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to the diagram below
in which A = {u, v, w, x, y, z} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4} .
f

A
u

v
2

w
x
y
z

3
4

(i) Express f as a set of ordered pairs.

[4]

(ii) a) State TWO reasons why f is NOT a function.

[2]

b) Hence, with MINIMUM changes to f , construct a function

g : A B as a set of ordered pairs.
[4]
c) Determine how many different functions are possible for g in
(ii) b) above.
[2]

(c) The function f on R, is defined by

(
x 3 if x 3
x
f (x) =
if x > 3
4
Find the value of
(i) f [f (20)]

[3]

(ii) f [f (8)]

[2]

(iii) f [f (3)].

[2]

20

Question 3
(a) The circle C has equation
(x 3)2 + (y 4)2 = 25.
(i) State the radius and the coordinates of the centre of C.

[3]

(ii) Find the equation of the tangent at the point (6, 8) on C.

[4]

(iii) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of C with the

straight line y = 2x + 3.
[7]
(b) The points P and Q have position vectors, relative to the origin O,
given respectively by
p = i + 6j and q = 3i + 8j.
(i) a) Calculate, in degrees, the size of the angle, , between p and
q.
[5]
b) Hence, calculate the area of triangle P OQ.

[2]

(ii) Find, in terms of i and j, the position vector of

a) M, where M is the mid-point of P Q.

[2]

b) R, where R is such that P QRO, labelled clockwise, forms a

parallelogram.
[3]

21

Question 4
(a) The diagram below, which is not drawn to scale, shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which BC = 9 cm, AD = x cm, AB = 4 cm and
BAD = BCD = and CDA is a right-angle.
A
4 cm

x cm

9 cm

(i) Show that x = 4 cos + 9 sin .

[4]

(ii) By expressing x in the form r cos( ), where r is positive and

0 < 12 , find the maximum possible value of x.
[6]
(b) Given that A and B are acute angles such that sin A = 35 and cos B =
5
, find, without using tables or calculators, the EXACT value of
13
(i) sin(A + B)

[3]

(ii) cos(A B)

[3]

(iii) cos 2A.

[2]

(c) Prove that

tan

x
2


= sec x + tan x.
4

[7]

22

Question 5
(a) Find
x3 8
x2 x2 6x + 8
lim

[5]

(b) The function f on R, is defined by


3 x if x 1
f (x) =
1 + x if x < 1.
(i) Sketch the graph of f (x) for the domain 1 x 2.

[2]

(ii) Find
a) lim+ f (x)

[2]

b) lim f (x) .

[2]

x1
x1

(iii) Deduce that f (x) is continuous at x = 1.

[3]

(c) Differentiate from first principles, with respect to x, the function y =

1
.
[6]
x2
(d) The function f (x) is such that f (x) = 3x2 +6x+k where k is a constant.
Given that f (0) = 6 and f (1) = 3, find the value of f (x).

[5]

23

Question 6
(a) Given that y = sin 2x + cos 2x, show that
d2 y
+ 4y = 0.
dx2
[6]
(b) Given that
Z

(x + 1) dx = 3

(x 1) dx, a > 0,

find the value of the constant a.

[6]

(c) The diagram below (not drawn to scale) represents a piece of thin
cardboard 16 cm by 10 cm. Shaded squares, each of side x cm, are
removed from each corner. The remainder is folded to form a tray.
x
x
10 cm

16 cm
(i) Show that the volume, V cm3 , of the tray is given by


V = 4 x3 13x2 + 40x .

(ii) Hence, find the possible value of x such that V is a maximum.[8]

24

CAPE Unit One

Examination 2008

26

Question 1
(a) The roots of the cubic equation x3 + 3px2 + qx + r = 0 are 1, 1 and
3. Find the values of the real constants p, q and r.
[7]
(b) Without using tables or calculators, show that

6+ 2
=2+ 3
(i)
6 2

6+ 2
6 2
+
= 4.
(ii)
6 2
6+ 2
(c)

[5]
[5]

(i) Show that

n
X

1
r (r + 1) = n(n + 1)(n + 2), n N.
3
r=1
[5]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, evaluate

50
X

r (r + 1) .

r=31

[3]

27

Question 2
(a) The roots of the quadratic equation
2x2 + 4x + 5 = 0
are and .
Without solving the equation,
(i) write down the values of + and

[2]

(ii) calculate

(b)

a) 2 + 2

[2]

b) 3 + 3

[4]

(iii) find the equation whose roots are 3 and 3 .

[4]

(i) Solve for x the equation x1/3 4x1/3 = 3.

[5]

(ii) Find x such that log5 (x + 3) + log5 (x 1) = 1.

[5]

(iii) Without the use of calculators or tables, evaluate

 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
8
9
log10
+log10
+log10
+ +log10
+log10
.
2
3
4
9
10
[3]

28

Question 3
(a) The lines y = 3x + 4 and 4y = 3x + 5 are inclined at angles and
respectively to the x-axis.
(i) State the value of tan and tan .

[2]

(ii) Without using tables or calculators, find the tangent of the

angle between the two lines.
(b)

[4]

(i) Prove that sin 2 tan cos 2 = tan .

[3]

(ii) Express tan in terms of sin 2 and cos 2.

[2]

(iii) Hence show, without using tables or calculators, that tan 22.5 =

2 1.
[4]
(c)

(i) Given that A, B and C are the angles of a triangle, prove that
a) sin

A+B
C
= cos
2
2

b) sin B + sin C = 2 cos

[3]
A
BC
cos
.
2
2

[2]

(ii) Hence, show that

sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos

A
B
C
cos cos .
2
2
2
[5]

29

Question 4
(a) In the cartesian plane with origin O, the coordinates of the points P
and Q are (2, 0) and (8, 8) respectively. The midpoint of P Q is M.
(i) Find the equation of the line which passes through M and is perpendicular to P Q.

[8]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the centre of the circle through P, O and
Q.
[9]
(b)

(i) Prove that the line y = x + 1 is a tangent to circle

x2 + y 2 + 10x 12y + 11 = 0.
[6]
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point of contact of this tangent to the
circle.
[2]

30

Question 5
(a) Find
x3 27
.
x3 x2 + x 12
lim

[4]

(b) A chemical process is controlled by the function

P =

u
+ vt2
t

where u and v are constants.

Given that P = 1 when t = 1 and the rate of change of P with respect
to t is 5 when t = 12, find the values of u and v.

[6]

(c) The curve C passes through the point (1, 0) and its tangent at any
point (x, y) is given by
dy
= 3x2 6x.
dx
(i) Find the equation of C.

[3]

(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C and determine

the nature of EACH point.
[7]
(iii) Sketch the graph of C and label the x-intercepts.

[5]

31

Question 6
(a) Differentiate with respect to x

(i) x 2x 1

(ii) sin2 (x3 + 4).

Z
(b) (i) Given that

[3]
[4]
6

f (x) dx = 7, evaluate
1

6
1

[2 f (x) dx] .

[3]

(ii) The area under the curve y = x2 + kx 5, above the x-axis and
bounded by the lines x = 1 and x = 3, is 14 32 units2 .
Find the value of the constant k.

[4]

(c) The diagram below (not drawn to scale) represents a can in the
shape of a closed cylinder with a hemisphere at one end. The can has
a volume of 45 units3 .

(i) Taking r units as the radius of the cylinder and h as its height,
show that
45 2r
a) h = 2
[3]
r
3
5r 2 90
b) A =
+
, where A is the external surface area of the
3
r
can.
[3]
(ii) Hence, find the value of r for which A is a minimum and the
corresponding minimum value of A.
[Volume of sphere =

4
r 3 ,
3
2

[5]

surface area of sphere = 4r 2 ]

[Volume of cylinder r h, curved surface area of cylinder = 2rh.]

32

CAPE Unit One

Examination 2007

34

Question 1
(a) Let g(x) = x4 9, x R. Find
(i) all the real factors of g(x)

[3]

(ii) all the real roots of g(x) = 0.

[1]

(b) The function f is defined by

f (x) = x4 9x3 + 28x2 36x + 16, x R,
4
and u = x + , x 6= 0.
x
(i) Express u2 in terms of x.

[3]

(ii) By writing
2

f (x) = x

36 16
x 9x + 28
+ 2
x
x
2

and using the result from (b) (i) above, show that if f (x) = 0,
then u2 9u + 20 = 0.
[6]
(iii) Hence, determine the values of x R, for which f (x) = 0.

[7]

35

Question 2
(a) Let Sn =

n
X
r=1

Note:

n
X

r for n N. Find the value of n for which 3S2n = 11Sn .

r = 12 n (n + 1) .

[4]

r=1

(b) The quadratic equation x2 px + 24 = 0, p R, has roots and ,

and the quadratic equation x2 8x + q = 0, q R, has roots 2 +
and 2 .

(i) Express p and q in terms of and .

[2]

(ii) Find the values of and .

[4]

(iii) Hence, determine the values of p and q.

[2]

(c) Prove by Mathematical Induction that n2 > 2n for all integers n 3.

[8]

36

Question 3
The circle shown in the diagram below (not drawn to scale) has centre C
at (5, 4) and touches the y-axis at the point D. The circle cuts the x-axis
at the points A and B. The tangent at B cuts the y-axis at the point P .
y
P

O
D

b
C
(5, 4)

(a) Determine
(i) the length of radius of the circle

[2]

(ii) the equation of the circle

[1]

(iii) the coordinates of the points A and B, at which the circle cuts the
x-axis.
[6]
(iv) the equation of the tangent at B

[4]

(v) the coordinates of P

[2]

(b) Show by calculation that P D = P B.

[5]

37

Question 4
(a)

1 tan2
.
1 + tan2
(ii) Hence, show, without using calculators, that
(i) Prove that cos 2 =

tan 67

[4]

1
= 1 + 2.
2
[7]
3
5

(b) In the triangle shown below, (not drawn to scale), sin q =

cos p =

and

5
.
13

60

Determine the exact value of

(i) cos q

[1]

(ii) sin p

[1]

(iii) sin r

[3]

(iv) cos(p + t).

[4]

38

Question 5
(a) Given that y =
(i) obtain

5x2 + 3,

dy
dx

(ii) show that y

[4]
dy
= 5x
dx

d2 y
(iii) hence, or otherwise, show that y 2 +
dx

[2]


dy
dx

2

= 5.

[4]

(b) At a certain port, high tides and low tides occur daily. Suppose t
minutes after high tide, the height, h metres, of the tide above a fixed
point is given by


t
h = 2 1 + cos
, 0 t.
450
Note: High tide occurs when h has its maximum value and
low tide occurs when h has it minimum value.
Determine
(i) the height of the tide when high tide occurs for the first time [2]
(ii) the length of time which elapses between the first high tide and
the first low tide
[3]
(iii) the rate, in metres per minute, at which the tide is falling 75
minutes after high tide.

[5]

39

Question 6
(a)

(i) Use the result

if

I=

f (x) dx =
0

a
0

f (a x) dx, a > 0, to show that

/2
2

sin xdx, then I =

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that I =

(b)

(i) Sketch the curve y = x2 + 4.

/2

cos2 xdx.

.
4

[2]
[6]
[4]

(ii) Calculate the volume created by rotating the plane figure bounded
by x = 0, y = 4, y = 5 and the curve y = x2 +4 through 360 about
the y-axis.
[8]

40

CAPE Unit One

Examination 2006

42

Question 1
(a) Solve the simultaneous equations
x2 + xy = 6
x 3y + 1 = 0.
[8]
(b) The roots of the equation x2 + 4x + 1 = 0 are and . Without solving
the equation,
(i) state the value of + and

[2]

(ii) find the value of 2 + 2

[3]

(iii) find the equation whose roots are 1 +

1
1
and 1 + .

[7]

Question 2
(a) Prove by Mathematical Induction, that

n
X

r = 12 n (n + 1) .

[10]

r=1

(b) Express, in terms of n and in the simplest form,

(i)

2n
X

[2]

r=1

(ii)

2n
X

[4]

r=n+1

(c) Find n if

2n
X

r=n+1

r = 100.

[4]

43

Question 3
(a)

(i) Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of the circle
x2 + 2x + y 2 4y = 4.
[4]
(ii) By writing x + 1 = 3 sin , show that the parametric equations of
this circle are x = 1 + 3 sin and y = 2 + 3 cos .
[5]
(iii) Show that the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of this

circle with the line x + y = 1 are x = 1 32 2.

[4]

(b) Find the general solution of the equation cos = 2 sin2 1.

[7]

Question 4
(a) Given that 4 sin x cos x = R sin(x ); R > 0 and 0 < < 90 ,
(i) find the values of R and correct to one decimal place

[7]

(ii) hence, find ONE value of x between 0 and 360 for which the
curve y = 4 sin x cos x has a stationary point.
[2]
(b) Let z1 = 2 3i and z2 = 3 + 4i.
(i) Find in the form a + bi, a, b R,
a) z1 + z2
b) z1 z2
z1
c)
.
z2
(ii) Find the quadratic equation whose roots are z1 and z2 .

[1]
[3]
[5]
[2]

44

Question 5
(a)

sin x
.
x0 x

(i) State the value of lim

[1]

(ii) Given that

sin 2(x + x) sin 2x 2 cos A sin B,
find A and B in terms of x and/or x.

[2]

(iii) Hence, or otherwise, differentiate with respect to x, from first principles, the function y = sin 2x.
[7]
k
passes through the point P (1, 1) and has a
x
gradient of 5 at P . Find

(b) The curve y = hx2 +

(i) the values of the constants h and k.

[5]

(ii) the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 21 .
[5]

45

Question 6
(a) In the diagram given below (not drawn to scale), the area S under
the line y = x, for 0 x 1, is divided into a set of (n 1) rectangular
1
strips, each of width units.
n
y

y=x

1
n

2
n

4
n

3
n

n1
n

n
n

(1, 0)
x

(i) Show that the area S is approximately

1
2
3
n1
+ 2 + 2 ++
.
2
n
n
n
n2
[6]
(ii) Given that

n1
P
r=1

(b)

r = 12 n (n 1) , show that S

(i) Show that for f (x) =

1
2

1
n

[2]

2x
,
+4

x2

f (x) =

8 2x2
.
(x2 + 4)2
[4]

(ii) Hence evaluate

Z

1
0

24 6x2
dx.
(x2 + 4)2
[3]

(c) Find the value of u > 0, if

Z

2u

1
7
dx =
.
4
x
192
[3]

46

Part I
CAPE UNIT TWO

CAPE Unit Two

Examination 2011

50

Question 1
(a) Find

dy
if
dx

(i) x2 + y 2 2x 2y 14 = 0

[3]

(ii) y = ecos x

[3]

(iii) y = cos2 6x + sin2 8x.

[3]

1
(b) Let y = x sin , x 6= 0.
x
Show that
dy
1
= y cos
dx
x
2
d y
(ii) x4 2 + y = 0.
dx
(i) x

(c) A curve is given by the parametric equations x =

[3]
[3]

1
t, y t = .
t

(i) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at the point where
t = 4.
[7]
(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where
t = 4.
[3]

51

Question 2
1
(a) Let Fn (x) =
n!

tn et dt.
0

(i) Find F0 (x) and Fn (0) , given that 0! = 1.

1 n x
(ii) Show that Fn (x) = Fn1 (x)
x e .
n!
(iii) Hence, show that if M is an integer greater than 1, then


xM
x2 x3
x
e FM (x) = x +
+
++
+ (ex 1) .
2!
3!
M!
(b)

2x2 + 3
in partial fractions.
(x2 + 1)2
Z
2x2 + 3
(ii) Hence, find
dx.
(x2 + 1)2
(i) Express

[3]
[7]

[4]

[5]
[6]

52

Question 3
1
(a) The sequence of positive terms {xn } is defined by xn+1 = x2n + ,
4
1
x1 < , n 1,
2
(i) Show, by mathematical induction, that xn <
integers n.

1
for all positive
2
[5]

(ii) By considering xn+1 xn , show that xn < xn+1 .

(b)

[3]

(i) Find constants A and B such that

A
B
2 3x

+
.
(1 x) (1 2x)
1 x 1 2x

[3]

(ii) Obtain the first FOUR non-zero terms in the expansion of each of
(1 x)1 and (1 2x)1 as a power series of x in ascending order.
[4]
(iii) Find
a) the range of values of x for which the series expansion of
2 3x
(1 x) (1 2x)
is valid.

[2]

b) the coefficient of xn in (iii) a) above.

[2]

(iv) The sum, Sn , of the first n terms of a series is given by

Sn = n (3n 4) .
Show that the series is an Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) with common difference 6.

[6]

53

Question 4
(a) A Geometric Progression (G.P.) with first term a and common ratio r,
26
0 < r < 1, is such that the sum of the first three terms is
and their
3
product is 8.
(i) Show that r + 1 +

13
1
= .
r
3

[5]

(ii) Hence find

a) the value of r

[4]

b) the value of a

[1]

c) the sum to infinity of the G.P.

[2]

(b) Expand

2
, |x| < 1
+ ex
in ascending powers of x as far as the term in x4 .
ex

(c) Let f (r) =

[5]

1
, r N.
r (r + 1)

(i) Express f (r) f (r + 1) in terms of r.

[3]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find

Sn =

n
X
r=1

1
.
r (r + 1) (r + 2)

(iii) Deduce the sum to infinity of the series in (c) (ii) above.

[4]
[2]

54

Question 5



n
(a)
is defined as the number of ways of selecting r distinct objects
r
from a set of n distinct objects. From the definition, show that
  

n
n
(i)
=
[2]
r
nr

   

n+1
n
n
(ii)
=
+
[4]
r
r
r1
(iii) Hence, prove that
       
8
8
8
8
+

+
6
5
3
2
is a perfect square.
(b)

[3]

(i) Find the number of 5-digit numbers greater than 30, 000 which can
be formed with the digits 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, if no digit is repeated.[3]
(ii) What is the probability that one of the numbers chosen in (b) (i)
being even?

(c)

[5]

(i) a) Show that (1 i) is one of the square roots of 2i.

b) Find the other square root.

[2]
[1]

(ii) Hence, find the roots of the quadratic equation

z 2 (3 + 5i) z + (8i 4) = 0.

[5]

55

Question 6

1
1
1
2 .
(a) The matrix A = 2 3
1 3 2
(i) Show that |A| = 5.

[3]

(ii) The matrix A is changed to form new matrices B, C and D. Write

down the determinant of EACH of the new matrices, giving a
reason for your answer in EACH case.
a) Matrix B is formed by interchanging row 1 and row 2 of A
and then interchanging column 1 and column 2 of the resulting
matrix.

[2]

b) Row 1 of C is formed by adding row 2 to row 1 of matrix A.

The other rows remain unchanged.

[2]

c) Matrix D is formed by multiplying each element of A by 5.

[2]

12 1
5
0 ,
(b) Given the matrix M = 2 1
9
2 5
find

(c)

(i) AM

[3]

(ii) the inverse A1 , of A .

[2]

(i) Write the system of equations

x + y + z = 5
2x 3y + 2z = 10
x 3y 2z = 11
in the form Ax = b.

[1]

(ii) Show that x = A1 b.

[2]

(iii) Hence, solve the system of equations.

[2]

56
(iv) a) Show that (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 1) is a solution of the following
system of equations:
x + y + z = 3
2x + 2y + 2z = 6
3x + 3y + 3z = 9
b) Hence, find the general solution of the system.

[1]
[5]

CAPE Unit Two

Examination 2010

58

Question 1
(a) The temperature of water x C, in an insulated tank at time, t hours,
may be modelled by the equation x = 65 + 8e0.02t .
Determine the
(i) initial temperature of the water in the tank

[2]

(ii) temperature at which the water in the tank will eventually stabilize
[2]
(iii) time when the temperature of the water in the tank is 70 C. [4]
(b) It is given that y = etan

1 (2x)

, where 12 < tan1 (2x) < 21 .

(i) Show that

1 + 4x2

dy
= 2y.
dx

[4]

(ii) Hence, show that

1 + 4x2

(c) Determine

ex

2 d2 y
= 4y (1 4x) .
dx2

[4]

4
dx
+1

(i) by using the substitution u = ex

[6]

(ii) by first multiplying both the numerator and the denominator of

the integrand by ex before integrating.

[3]

59

Question 2
(a)

d
[x (ln x)n ] .
dx
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, derive the reduction formula

[4]

(i) Given that n is a positive integer, find

In = x(ln x)n nIn1 ,

where In =

(ln x)n dx.

[4]

(iii) Use the reduction formula in (a) (ii) above to determine

[6]

(ln x)3 dx.

(b) The amount of salt, y kg, that dissolves in a tank of water at time t
minutes satisfies the differential equation
dy
2y
+
= 3.
dt t + 10
(i) Using a suitable integrating factor, show that the general solution
of this differential equation is
y = t + 10 +
where c is an arbitrary constant.

c
,
(t + 10)2
[7]

(ii) Given that the tank initially contains 5 kg of salt in the liquid,
calculate the amount of salt that dissolves in the tank of water at
t = 15.
[4]

60

Question 3
(a) The first four terms of a sequence are
2 3 5 5 8 7 11 9.
(i) Express, in terms of r, the rth term of the sequence.

[2]

(ii) If Sn denotes the series formed by summing the first n terms of

the sequence, find Sn in terms of n.
[5]
(b) The 9th term of an A.P. is three times the 3rd term and the sum of the
first 10 terms is 110.
Find the first term a and the common difference d.
(c)

[6]

(i) Use the binomial theorem to expand (1 + 2x)1/2 as far as the term
in x3 , stating the values of x for which the expansion is valid. [5]
(ii) Prove that
1+x+

1
=
1 + x 1 + 2x
x
1 + 2x

for x > 0.

[4]

(iii) Hence or otherwise, show that, if x is small so that the term in x3

and higher powers of x can be neglected, the expansion in (c) (ii)
above is approximately equal to 12 x (1 x) .

[3]

61

Question 4
(a)

(i) By expressing n Cr and n Cr1 in terms of factorials, prove that

n

Cr +

Cr1 =

n+1

Cr .
[6]

(ii) a) Given that r is a positive integer and f (r) =

f (r) f (r + 1) =

1
, show that
r!

r
.
(r + 1)!
[3]

b) Hence, or otherwise, find the sum

Sn =

n
X
r=1

r
.
(r + 1)!
[5]

c) Deduce the sum to infinity of Sn in (ii) (b) above.

(b)

[2]

(i) Show that the function f (x) = x3 6x + 4 has a root x in the

closed interval [0, 1]
[5]
(ii) By taking x1 = 0.6 as a first approximation, use the NewtonRaphson method to obtain a second approximation x2 in the interval [0, 1].

[4]

62

Question 5
(a) Calculate
(i) the number of different permutations of the 8 letters of the word
SYLLABUS.
[3]
(ii) the number of different selections of 5 letters which can be made
from the letters of the word SYLLABUS.

[5]

(b) The events A and B are such that P (A) = 0.4, P (B) = 0.45 and
P (A B) = 0.68.
(i) Find P (A B).

[3]

(ii) Stating a reason in each case, determine whether or not the events
A and B are

(c)

a) mutually exclusive,

[3]

b) independent.

[3]

(i) Express the complex number

(2 + 3i) +

i1
i+1

in the form a + ib where a and b are both real numbers.

[4]

(ii) Given that 1 i is a root of the equation z 3 + z 2 4z + 6 = 0, find

the remaining roots.

[4]

63

Question 6
(a) A system of equations is given by
x + y + z = 0
2x + y z = 1
x + 2y + 4z = k
where k is a real number.
(i) Write the augmented matrix of the system.

[2]

(ii) Reduce the augmented matrix to echelon form.

[3]

(iii) Deduce the value of k for which the system is consistent.

[2]

(iv) Find ALL solutions corresponding to the value of k obtained in

(iii) above.
[4]
(b) Given that

(i) find

0 1 1
A = 1
0 1 ,
1
1 1

a) A2

[4]

b) B = 3I + A A2 .

[4]

(ii) Calculate AB.

[4]

(iii) Deduce the inverse, A1 of the matrix A.

[2]

64

CAPE Unit Two

Examination 2009

66

Question 1
(a) Find

(b)

dy
if
dx

(i) y = sin2 5x + sin2 3x + cos2 3x

(ii) y = cos x2

[3]

(iii) y = xx .

[4]

[4]

(i) Given that y = cos1 x, where 0 cos1 x, prove that

1
dy
=
.
dx
1 x2
Note: cos1 x arccos x.

[7]

(ii) The parametric equations of a curve are defined in terms of the

parameter t by
y=

1 t,

x = cos1 t, where 0 t < 1.

dy
1+t
=
.
[4]
a) Show that
dx
2
d2 y
b) Hence, find 2 in terms of t, giving your answer in simplified
dx
form.
[3]

67

Question 2
(a) Sketch the region whose area is defined by the integral
[3]

1
0

1 x2 dx.

(b) Using FIVE vertical strips, apply the trapezium rule to show that
Z 1
1 x2 dx 0.759.
0

[6]
(c)

(i) Use integration by parts to show that if I =

1 x2 dx, then

1
2
dx.
I =x 1x I +
1 x2
[9]
(ii) Deduce that

x 1 x2 + sin1 x
I=
+ C,
2
where C is an arbitrary constant of integration.

Note: sin1 x arcsin x.

Z 1

(iii) Hence, find

1 x2 dx.

[2]
[3]

(iv) Use the results in parts (b) and (c) (iii) above to find an approximation to .

[2]

68

Question 3
(a) A sequence {tn } is defined by the recurrence relation
tn+1 = tn + 5,

t1 = 11 for all n N.

(i) Determine t2 , t3 and t4 .

[3]

(ii) Express tn in terms of n.

[5]

(b) Find the range of values of x for which the common ratio r of a con2x 3
vergent geometric series is
.
[8]
x+4
(c) Let f (r) =

1
for r N.
r+1

(i) Express f (r) f (r + 1) in terms of r.

[3]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find

Sn =

n
X
r=1

4
.
(r + 1) (r + 2)
[4]

(iii) Deduce the sum to infinity of the series in (c) (ii) above.

[2]

69

Question 4
(a)

(i) Find n N, such that 5(n C2 ) = 2(n+2 C2 ).

[5]

(ii) The coefficient of x2 in the expansion of

(1 + 2x)5 (1 + px)4
is 26. Find the possible values of the real number p.
(b)

[7]

(i) Write down the first FOUR non-zero terms of the power series
expansion of ln(1 + 2x), stating the range of values of x for which
the series is valid.
[2]
(ii) Use Maclaurins theorem to obtain the first THREE non-zero
terms in the power series expansion in x of sin 2x.
[7]
(iii) Hence, or otherwise, obtain the first THREE non-zero terms in
the power series expansion in x of ln(1 + sin 2x).

[4]

70

Question 5
(a) A committee of 4 persons is to be chosen from 8 persons, including Mr.
Smith and his wife. Mr. Smith will not join the committee without his
wife, but his wife will join the committee without him.
Calculate the number of ways in which the committee of 4 persons can
be formed.

[5]

(b) Two balls are drawn without replacement from a bag containing twelve
balls numbered 1 to 12.
Find the probability that
(i) the numbers on BOTH balls are even

[4]

(ii) the number on one ball is odd and the number on the other ball
is even.
(c)

[4]

(i) Find complex numbers u = x + iy such that x and y are real

numbers and
u2 = 15 + 8i
[7]
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve for z the equation
z 2 (3 + 2i)z + (5 + i) = 0.
[5]

71

Question 6
(a) Solve for x the equation

 x3
1
1

 1
x

5
1

 1
1
x3
(b)

(i) Given the matrices

1 1 1
A = 1 2 4 ,
1
3 9




 = 0.



30 12 2
B = 5 8 3 ,
5
4 1

[10]

a) find AB

b) hence deduce the inverse A1 , of the matrix A.

[4]
[3]

(ii) A system of equations is given by

x y + z = 1
x 2y + 4z = 5
x + 3y + 9z = 25.
a) Express the system in the form
Ax = b
where A is a square matrix and x and b are column vectors.
[3]
b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the system of equations.

[5]

72

CAPE Unit Two

Examination 2008

74

Question 1
(a) Differentiate with respect to x
(i) e4x cos x

 2
x +1

(ii) ln
.
x

[4]
[4]

(b) Given that y = 3x , show, by using logarithm, that

dy
= 3x ln 3.
dx
[5]
(c)

(i) Express in partial fractions

2x2 3x + 4
.
(x 1)(x2 + 1)
[7]
(ii) Hence, find
Z

2x2 3x + 4
dx.
(x 1)(x2 + 1)

[5]

75

Question 2
(a) Solve the differential equation
dy
+ y = e2x .
dx
[5]
(b) The gradient at the point (x, y) on a curve is given by
dy
= e4x .
dx
Given that the curve passes through the point (0, 1), find its equation.
[5]
(c) Evaluate
Z

x2 ln xdx,
1

writing your answer in terms of e.

(d)

[7]

(i) Use the substitution v = 1 u to find

Z
du

.
1u
[3]
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, use the substitution u = sin x to evaluate
Z

/2

1 + sin xdx.

[5]

76

Question 3
(a) A sequence {un } is defined by the recurrence relation
un+1 = un + n,

u1 = 3, for n N.

(i) State the first FOUR terms of the sequence.

[3]

(ii) Prove by mathematical induction, or otherwise, that

n2 n + 6
un =
.
2
[8]
(b) A GP with first term a and common ratio r has sum to infinity 81 and
the sum of the first four terms is 65. Find the values of a and r. [6]
(c)

(i) Write down the first FIVE terms in the power series expansion of
ln(1 + x), stating the range of values of x for which the series is
valid.
[3]
(ii) a) Using the result of (c) (i) above, obtain a similar expansion
for ln(1 x).

[2]

b) Hence, prove that





1+x
1 3 1 5
ln
= 2 x + x + x + .
1x
3
5
[3]

77

Question 4
(a)

(i) Show that the function f (x) = x3 3x + 1 has a root in the

closed interval [1, 2].
[3]
(ii) Use the Newton-Raphson method to show that if x1 is a first approximation to in the interval [1, 2], then a second approximation
to in the interval [1, 2] is given by
x2 =

2x31 1
.
3x21 3
[5]

(b)

(i) Use the binomial theorem or Maclaurins theorem to expand (1 +

x)1/2 in ascending powers of x as far as the term in x3 , stating
the values of x for which the expansion is valid.
(ii) Obtain a similar expansion for (1 x)1/2 .

[4]
[4]

(iii) Prove that if x is so small that x3 and higher powers of x can be

neglected, then
r
1x
1
1 x + x2 .
1+x
2
[5]
1
(iv) Hence, by taking x = 17
, show, without using calculators or

tables, that 2 is approximately equal to 1635

.
[4]
1156

78

Question 5
(a) A cricket selection committee of 4 members is to be chosen from 5
former batsmen and 3 former bowlers.
In how many ways can this committee be selected so that the committee
includes AT LEAST
(i) ONE former batsman?

[8]

(ii) ONE batsman and ONE bowler?

[3]

(b) Given the matrices

3
1 0
1 1
1
1 0
1
A= 1
0 1 ,B = 0
0 1 and M = 0 0 3 ,
0 1 0
1
3 1
1 3 1
(i) Determine each of the following matrices:
a) A B

[2]

b) AM .

[3]

(ii) Deduce from (i) b) above, the inverse A1 of the matrix A.

[3]

(iii) Find the matrix X such that AX + B = A.

[6]

79

Question 6
(a)

(i) Express the complex number

2 3i
5i
in the form (1 i).
(ii) State the value of .

4
2 3i
(iii) Verify that
is a real number and state its value.
5i

[4]
[1]
[5]

(b) The complex number z is represented by the point T in an Argand

diagram.
1
, where t is a variable and z denotes the complex
Given that z =
3 + it
conjugate of z, show that
(i) z + z = 6zz

[7]

(ii) as t varies T lies on a circle, and state the coordinates of the centre
of this circle.
[8]

80

CAPE Unit Two

Examination 2007

82

Question 1
(a) Solve, for x > 0, the equation
3 log8 x = 2 logx 8 5.
(b)

[8]

(i) Copy and complete the table below for values 2x and ex , using a
calculator, where necessary. Approximate all values to 2 decimal
places.
x
2x
ex

1.0
2.72

0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
1.00 1.41 2.00
4.0
0.37 0.22

2.5

3.0
8.00
0.05

[3]

(ii) On the same pair of axes and using a scale of 4 cm for 1 unit on
the x-axis, draw the graphs of the two curves y = 2x and y = ex
for 1 x 3, x R.
[5]
(iii) Use the graphs to find
a) the value of x satisfying 2x ex = 0
x

[3]

b) the range of values of x for which 2 e

< 0.

[6]

Question 2
(a) Show that for n 2,
tann x = tann2 x sec2 x tann2 x.
(b) Find

dy
when y = tann x.
dx

[3]
[3]

(c) Let
In =

/4

tann xdx, n 2.

(i) By using the result in (a) above, show that

In + In2 =
(ii) Hence evaluate I4 .

1
.
n1

[7]
[7]

83

Question 3
(a) The sequence {un } is given by u1 = 1 and un+1 = (n + 1)un , n 1.
Prove by Mathematical Induction that un = n! n N.

[9]

(b) Given that the sum of the first n terms of a series, S, is 9 32n ,
(i) find the nth term of S

[5]

(ii) show that S is a geometric progression

[2]

(iii) find the first term and common ratio of S

[2]

(iv) deduce the sum to infinity of S.

[2]

Question 4
(a) The function f is given by f : x x4 4x + 1. Show that
(i) f (x) = 0 has a root in the interval (0, 1)

[4]

(ii) if x1 is a first approximation to f (x) = 0 in (0, 1), the NewtonRaphson method gives a second approximation x2 in (0, 1) satisfying
x2 =

3x41 1
.
4 (x31 1)

[5]

(b) Johns father gave him a loan of $10 800 to buy a car. The loan was to
be repaid by 12 unequal monthly installments, starting with an initial
payment of $P in the first month. There is no interest charges on the
loan, but the installments increase by $60 per month.
(i) Show that P = 570.

[5]

(ii) Find, in terms of n, 1 n 12, an expression for the remaining

debt on the loan after John has paid the nth installment.

[6]

84

Question 5
(a) A bag contains 5 white marbles and 5 black marbles. Six marbles are
chosen at random.
(i) Determine the number of ways of selecting the six marbles if there
are no restrictions.

[2]

(ii) Find the probability that the marbles chosen contain more black
marbles than white marbles.
[4]
(b) The table below summarises the programme preference of 100 television
viewers.
Preference
Matlock
News
Friends
Total

Number of Males
20
14
18
52

Number of Females
10
18
20
48

Total
30
32
38
100

Determine the probability that a person selected at random

(i) is a female

[2]

(ii) is a male or likes watching the News

[4]

(iii) is a female that likes watching Friends

[2]

(iv) does not like watching Matlock.

[2]

(c) The table below lists the probability distribution of the number of accidents per week on a particular highway.
Number of accidents
Probability
(i) Calculate the value of p.

0
1
0.25 0

2
3
4
5
0.10 p 0.30 0.15
[2]

(ii) Determine the probability that there are more than 3 accidents in
a week.

[2]

85

Question 6
(a) A system of equations is given by
x + y + z = 10
3x 2y + 3z = 35
2x + y + 2z =
where is a real number.
(i) Write the system in matrix form.

[1]

(ii) Write down the augmented matrix.

[1]

(iii) Reduce the augmented matrix to echelon form.

[3]

(iv) Deduce the value of for which the system is consistent.

[1]

(v) Find ALL solutions corresponding to this value of .

0 1 1
0 1 ,
(b) Given A = 1
1
1 1

[4]

find

(i) kI A, where I is the identity matrix and k is a real number. [3]

(ii) the values of k for which |kI A| = 0.

[7]

86

CAPE Unit Two

Examination 2006

88

Question 1
(a) If f (x) = x3 ln2 x, show that
(i) f (x) = x2 ln x(3 ln x + 2),

[5]

(ii) f (x) = 6x ln2 x + 10x ln x + 2x.

[5]

(b) The enrolment pattern of membership of a country club follows an

exponential logistic function N,
800
N=
, k R, r R,
1 + kert
where N is the number of members enrolled t years after the formation
of the club. The initial membership was 50 persons and after one year
there are 200 persons enrolled in the club.
(i) What is the LARGEST number reached by the membership of the
club?

[2]

(ii) Calculate the EXACT value of k and r.

[6]

(iii) How many members will there be in the club 3 years after its
formation?
[2]

Question 2
1+x
in partial fractions.
(x 1)(x2 + 1)
(ii) Hence, find
Z
1+x
dx.
(x 1)(x2 + 1)
Z 1
(b) Let In =
xn ex dx where n N.
(a)

(i) Express

[6]

[3]

(i) Evaluate I1 .

[4]

(ii) Show that In = e nIn1 .

[4]

(iii) Hence, or otherwise, evaluate I3 , writing your answer in terms of

e.
[3]

89

Question 3
(a)

(i) Show that the terms of

m
X

ln 3r

r=1

are in arithmetic progression.

[3]

(ii) Find the sum of the first 20 terms of this series.

[4]

(iii) Hence, show that

2m
X
r=1

ln 3r = 2m2 + m ln 3.
[3]

(b) The sequence of positive terms, {xn }, is defined by

1
xn+1 = x2n + ,
4

1
x1 < .
2

(i) Show, by mathematical induction, or otherwise, that xn <

all positive integers n.

1
2

for
[7]

(ii) By considering xn+1 xn , or otherwise, show that xn < xn+1 . [3]

Question 4
(a) Sketch the functions y = sin x and y = x2 on the SAME axes.

[5]

(b) Deduce that the function f (x) = sin x x2 has EXACTLY two real
roots.

(c) Find an interval in which the non-zero root of f (x) lies.

[3]
[4]

(d) Starting with a first approximation of at x1 = 0.7, use one iteration

of the Newton-Raphson method to obtain a better approximation to 3
decimal places.

[8]

90

Question 5
(a)

(i) How many numbers lying between 3 000 and 6 000 can be formed
from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, if no digit is used more than once in
forming a number?

[5]

(ii) Determine the probability that a number in 5 (a) (i) above is even.
[5]
(b) In an experiment, p is the probability of success and q is the probability
of failure in a single trial. For n trials, the probability of x successes
and (n x) failures is represented by
n

Cx px q nx , n > 0.

Apply this formula to the following problem.

The probability that John will hit the target at a firing practice is 56 .
He fires 9 shots. Calculate the probability that he will hit the target
(i) AT LEAST 8 times

[7]

(ii) NO MORE than seven times.

[3]

91

Question 6
(a) If

1
2 1
2 1 1
A = 1
2
1 and B = 1
1 0 ,
1 2
3
0
1 1
(i) find AB

[3]

(ii) deduce A1 .

[3]

(b) A nursery sells three brands of grass-seed mix, P, Q and R. Each brand
is made from three types of grass, C, Z and B. The number of kilograms
of each type of grass in a bag of each brand is summarized in the table
below.
Grass seed
Mix
Brand P
Brand Q
Brand R
Blend

Type of grass (kg)

C-grass Z-grass B-grass
2
2
6
4
2
4
0
6
4
c
z
b

A blend is produced by mixing p bags of Brand P , q bags of Brand Q

and r bags of Brand R.
(i) Write down an expression in terms of p, q and r, for the number
of kilograms of Z-grass in the blend.
[1]
(ii) Let c, z and b be represent the number of kilograms of C-grass, Zgrass and B-grass in the blend. Write down a set of three equations
in p, z, r to represent the number of kilograms of EACH type of
grass in the blend.
[3]
(iii) Rewrite the set of three equations in (b) (ii) above in the matrix
form M X = D where M is a 3 by 3 matrix, and X and D are
column matrices.
[3]
(iv) Given that M 1 exists, write X in terms of M 1 and D.

[3]

92
(v) Given that
M 1

0.2 0.2
0.3
= 0.35 0.1 0.15 ,
0.05 0.2 0.05

calculate how many bags of EACH brand P, Q and R, are required to produce a blend containing 30 kilograms of C-grass, 30
kilograms of Z-grass and 50 kilograms of B-grass.
[4]