Pharmacology Summary

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Amygdala
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# :Mechanisms of Actions
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Generic
Name
Trade
Name
Tofranil
Trimipramine
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Desipramine
Norpramin
Protriptyline
Vivactil
Amitriptyline
Elavil
Endep
Maprotiline
Ludiomil
Nortriptyline
Pamelor
Aventyl
Amoxapine
Asendin
Doxepin
Adapin
Clomipramine
amoxapine
Asendin
Sinequan
Generic Name
Trade Name
Imipramine
Ludiomil
Anafranil
maprotiline
receptor blockade
NE reuptake inhibition
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a Tricyclic Overdose

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_ + Manifestations
( ) ?delirium,(V
N)Agitation
(G Gz V
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Cardiac conduction defects and severe arrhythmias
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Trade Name
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Prozac
Fluvoxamine
Luvox

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Paxil
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citalopram
Zoloft
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Adverse effects:
. anxiety, insomnia, weight loss
Contraindications:
> Seizure disorder
4Y
head injury
u I 4Y 5 electrolyte imbalance
:] 4O alcoholism
> `t $]A 4
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. Alcohol
. Beta blockers

. Prednisone
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:
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schizophrenia
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) (dopamine agonist
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schizophrenia .
pathways
.
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neuroleptics
major tranquillizers

:
( ) Dopamine Antagonists :( D2
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thiothixene

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Trade name
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Promazine
Mesoridazine
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Therapeeutic index
:
: .
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clozapine

.
Side effects of clozapine

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New generation of antipsychotics
)Risperidone (Risperdal

.
? > : Pathology

substantia nigra compacta
) .
%. .(%


melanins .

.
AB :Syptoms
TRAP
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) Rigidity R ( .
) Akinesia A ) (
(.
)
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:
.
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:
L-Dopa

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) (MAOI,COMTI
). (dopamine agonists
:
.
.
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L-Dopa .
BBB .
: % L-Dopa

% L-

Dopa .
striatum L-Dopa .
:
BBB
L-Dopa .
AB 2" : L-Dopa
L-Dopa
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)( ) (.
) ( .
freezing episode
) (.
fluctuation L-Dopa ) L-
Dopa ( L-Dopa
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A :dyskinesia E L-Dopa
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dyskinesia .
chorea

L-Dopa

L-Dopa

dystonia
dyskinesia L-Dopa
.
:
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L-Dopa AADC
BBB
. AADC .caribdopa, benserazide
+& + :Drug interaction of L-Dopa

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Vitamin B6 L-Dopa L-Dopa
. L-Dopa
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G -
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ropinerole pramipexole
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deprenyl .L-Dopa
MAOI
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:
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COMT (catechol-O-methyl
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( L-Dopa . 3-O-methyl-dopa
entacarpone, tolcarpone
-B .0 :9

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(.
8 :Mechanism

cerebral cortex. hippocampus
:
) (depolarization cortex
cerebral hippocampus :
. ) Glutamic acid
(.
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.
2+
. K Na , Ca
+

ANTICONVULSANTS (
)
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Enhance GABA
Transmission

Na+
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
(Benzodiazepines)
(Benzodiazepines)
diazepam
Clonazepam
Topiramate
(Barbiturates)
Phenobarbital
Valproic acid
Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Inhibit EAA
Transmission
Z#$
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Ca+
Felbamate
Topiramate
Gabapentin
Ethosuximide
Vigabatrin
Valproic acid
Topiramate
Felbamate
Tiagabine
:GABA 819 %"<

;
Na , Ca : Valproic acid
+
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.
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.
:
:
.
.
.
B 0A :C CO.0P:

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) SSA (.... VGB
.
TGB .
TPM .

Side effects
Fatigue
.
Dizziness.
Sedation.
3
Q 9+,O:

:
:
interneurones

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SP Glu
SP
Glu
.
:
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) ( .
) ( .
:
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opioid recertors GABA
GABA locus ceruleus
GABA Raphe nucleus

) ( SP Glu
pain signal .
:
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:
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.
) (200mg/dl
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.
\
) .(mg/dL 220-150

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1gr
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400mg 200mg
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Complexes

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.(endogenous
)
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. ."0,:

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VLDL ILD . LDL
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LDL .100mg/dl
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VLDL .LDL
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nm 20 -7

HDL .40mg/dl
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endogenous .exogenous
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TG

Lipoprotein Lipase uptake .
)
(

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(

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LDL
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.

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LDL
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DNA
RNA
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ischemic heart disease
LDL
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.
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B
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LDL LDL
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VLDL
800mg/dl

fibric acid derivatives .
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) (.

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:
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Bile Acid Binding Resins

) .(Cholestyramine, Colestipol
) Nicotinic acid Niacin .(B3
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(HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

,)
, Atorvastatin Fluvastatin ,Simvastatin, Pravastatin Lovastatin
.Rosuvastatin
'
=":;O
hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-
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HMG-CoA Reductase ) (rate limiting
HMG-CoA . Mevalonic acid

) .(HMG-CoA

LDL LDL

.LDL

. HDL
atorvaststin . HMG-CoA Reductase
3
, B:
) expression endothelial :eNOS
(nitric oxide synthase .nitroc oxide

6+:
.
) lovastatin and (simvastatin prodrug
.
: ) (% .
- atorvastatin T1/2=14
hrs
3 2":
HMG-CoA Reductase
:
.
)
(.
.teratogenic
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!:
:
.
.
Fibric Acid Derivatives"/

) Fibric acid( ciprofibrate bezafibrate
fenofibrategemfibrizol .clofibrate
VLDL
10% LDL 10% .HDL
Peroxisome preliferator-
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apo A-I apo A-II .HDL

) lipoprotein lipase (expression

VLDL
.
VLDL LDL
)
(.
+:
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3 2":
.
. arrhythmias
myopathy
.
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.cholesterol gallstones
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.
.
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:
) (
.VLDL
b, ". i /8

Bile Acid Binding Resins

colestyramine colestipol

.

LDL ) (upregulation
LDL LDL .
:
HDL .
: .
3 2":
systemic toxicity
abdominal bloating
) (.
unappetizing .
+& +:
) (A, D, E, and K
.

))C
:
)
(.
.
B
OB^.
k. ,:,
\

:
VLDL
LDL
.
HDL . AI, AII
.LPL
LDL-Cholesterol
3 2":
flushing palpitations .
.hyperuricemia
.peptic ulcer disease
)
(.
6+:
-.
.
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.

:Ezetimibe
:
.
cholesterol pool
LDL LDL .
)'+
:
.
.
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.
.hypercholesterolemia

Pharmacology Summary

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