Structural Dynamics

HW # 06

04/28/2015

Student ID: 20145189

Name: Rith Makara

CONTENT
Content................................................................................................................................................1
Lists Of Figures And Table................................................................................................................1
Chapter 1 Solution Strategies.........................................................................................................2
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................2

1.2 NewmarkS Linear-Acceleration Method..............................................................................2

1.3 MATLAB Calculation............................................................................................................2
1.3.1 General Information....................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Manual For Calculation...............................................................................................3
Chapter 2 Results Of The Final Response Of The Structural System.......................................4
Annex MATLAB Codes..................................................................................................................4
Annex 1.1 Newmark_Linear.m.................................................................................................5
Annex 1.2 Northridge.m............................................................................................................5
Annex 1.3 Data_Input.m.........................................................................................................11
Annex 1.4 Calculation.m.........................................................................................................12

LISTS OF FIGURES AND TABLE

Figure 1 Responses of the Water Tower to the Northridge Earthquake in 1997...............................4
Table 1 Summary of Maximum value of relative responses.............................................................4

Homework #6
by

Rith Makara

CHAPTER 1 SOLUTION STRATEGIES

1.1 Introduction
The problem is to determine the relative responses of the water tower subjected to the
By

Rith Makara

Northridge Earthquake ground motion in 1997, Beverly Hills, USA. The relative responses are:
relative displacement of the tower with respect to the ground, relative velocity and relative
acceleration based on the numerical solution, Newmarks Linear-acceleration method.
1.2 Newmarks Linear-acceleration method
The responses of the structural system can be determined as following:
Displacement Response

6m 3c
m
c
t
+ +k ui+1= p i+1+ 2 [ 6 u i+ 6 u i t+2 u i t 2 ] +
3 ui +2 u i t+
ui
2
t
2
t t
t

Velocity Response

u i+1 =

t
3
u i2 u i + ( ui +1ui )
2
t

Acceleration Response

t 6
u i+1 = ui+1 uiu i t
u
3 i t2
1.3 MATLAB Calculation
1.3.1 General Information
The numerical solution of Newmark is solved in MATLAB software. The results of relative
responses of the structural system are plotted in the figure window and the command windows. In
this calculation, the 4 different files:
newmark_linear.m This file contains the codes to solve the dynamic response of the
structural system based on the Linear-acceleration method. The function is called
newmark_linear(M,C,K,f,dt,Xi,Xdi,Xddi) where: [Annex 1.1]
M Mass of the structure, [kips.sec2/in]
C Damping Coefficient, [kips.sec/in]
K Stiffness of structure, [kips/in]
f Vector of applied force at each time (Ground Motion), [kips]
dt Time Stepping Increment, [sec]

By

Rith Makara

 Xi Initial displacement of the structure at t = 0 sec

Xdi Initial velocity of the structure at t = 0 sec
Xddi Initial acceleration of the structure at t = 0 sec
northridge.m This file contains the earthquake records of Northridge, Beverly, USA in
1997. The record is the acceleration of the ground motion. The initial conditions are also
included. The time stepping increment is 0.02 sec. Moreover, the acceleration of ground
motion is stored in the matrix Acc_Ground_Raw. The matrix data is read row by row
and the first value is at 0.02 sec. The initial acceleration at t = 0 is zero. [Annex 1.2]
data_input.m This file contains the structural properties such as mass, stiffness,
damping ratio, damping coefficient, natural frequency [rad/sec], period frequency [sec],
natural frequency [Hz] and it also calls the file containing the Earthquake data
(northridge.m). [Annex 1.3]
calculation.m This file contains the codes to solve the problem by calling the function
of Newmarks Linear-acceleration method. After the it finishes its calculation process, the
results of relative displacement, relative velocity and relative acceleration of the structural
system will be shown in the Command Window of the MATLAB which the first column is
the time in [sec], second column is displacement in [in], third column is velocity in [in/sec]
and the last column is acceleration in [in/sec2]. The graphical responses also appear in the
Figure Window of MATLAB. [Annex 1.4]
1.3.2 Manual for calculation
1

Input the earthquake record (i.e. Acceleration of ground motion) as in northridge.m.

Input the Structural Properties in the data_input.m.

Press F5 or click Run in data_input.m.

The results show in Figure Window and Command Window of MATLAB.

CHAPTER 2 RESULTS OF THE FINAL RESPONSE OF THE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
By

Rith Makara

Figure 1 Responses of the Water Tower to the Northridge Earthquake in 1997

Table 1 Summary of Maximum value of relative responses

N

Relative Response

Times [sec]

Max. Value

Displacement, [in]

10.8

-11.31385

Velocity, [in/sec]

10.62

-96.0693

Acceleration, [g]

10.8

2.55812

ANNEX MATLAB CODES

Annex 1.1 newmark_linear.m
%Newmark Linear Acceleration Method
%by Rith Makara
%2015

By

Rith Makara

function [X,Xd,Xdd] = newmark_linear(M,C,K,f,dt,Xi,Xdi,Xddi)

%===================================================================
% M = Mass
% C = Damping
% K = Stiffness
% f = Excitation Force
% dt = Time Stepping Increment
% Xi = Initial Displacement
% Xdi = Initial Velocity
% Xddi = Initial Acceleration
%Calculation
%Displacement Response:
X = (f+(M/dt^2)*(6*Xi+6*Xdi*dt+2*Xddi*dt^2)+
(C/dt)*(3*Xi+2*Xdi*dt+0.5*dt^2*Xddi))/((6*M/dt^2)+(3*C/dt)+K);
%Velocity Response:
Xd = (-dt*0.5*Xddi)+(-2*Xdi)+(3*(X-Xi)/dt);
%Acceleration Response:
Xdd = (6/dt^2)*(X-Xi-Xdi*dt-(dt^2*Xddi/3));

Annex 1.2 northridge.m

%====================================
% Earthquake Data in "Northridge"
%====================================
% by Rith Makara
% 2015
%
% This data is the Acceleration of ground motion.
%
% Note:
%
- The data is read row by row.
%
- The first value is at t = 0.02.
%
- Acceleration at t=0 is zero.
%
- The length unit is in cm must be converted to in.
%
=> 1cm = 1/2.54 in.
%
% Initial Condition
Xi = -0.466/2.54;
% Displacement at t=0, [cm]
Xdi = -2.103/2.54; % Velocity at t=0, [cm/sec]
Xddi = 0; % Acceleration at t=0, [cm/sec2]
% Time Increment
dt = 0.02; % in [sec]
% Acceleration of the ground motion
Acce_Ground_Raw = [
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By

Rith Makara

1.628

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Rith Makara

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By

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Rith Makara

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3.560
2.219
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3.465
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22.935
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2.550
10.354
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3.539
3.594
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1.788
1.302
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1.490
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10

-2.234
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3.977
1.219
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-4.329
-.942
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2.383
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3.217]/2.54;

-2.679
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-1.709
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3.251
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1.901
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1.425

Annex 1.3 data_input.m

%==================================
%Input Data
%==================================
%Homework #6
%by Rith Makara

By

Rith Makara

11

%2015
% Structural Properties:
M = 1;
% Mass of the Structure in [kips.s^2/in]
K = 100;
% Structure Stiffness in [kips/in]
Xi = 0.02;
% Damping Ratio
C = Xi*2*sqrt(K*M); % Damping Coefficient in [kips.s/in]
Wn = sqrt(K/M);
% Natural Frequency in [rad/sec]
Tn = 2*pi/Wn;
% Period Frequency in [sec]
fn = Wn/(2*pi);
% Natural Frequency in [Hz]
% Calling the Earthquake Data
northridge
% Calling the Calculation
calculation

Annex 1.4 calculation.m

clc
%===========================================
% Calculation Sheet
%===========================================
% by Rith Makara
% 2015
%
% This calculation sheet will output the responses due to ground motion.
% It also plots each responses.
%
% Call the Input Data File
% data_input
% Size of Acceleration matrix raw data of Ground Motion
[m n] = size(Acce_Ground_Raw);
% Turn the Acce_Ground_Raw matrix into a vector of Acceleration of Ground
% Motion
Acce_Ground = zeros(m*n,1);
for i = 1:m
for j = 1:n
Acce_Ground((i-1)*n+j,1) = Acce_Ground((i-1)*n+j,1) +
Acce_Ground_Raw(i,j);
end
end
% 1. Calculation
Response = zeros(m*n,4);
for i = 1:m*n
Response(i,1) = i*dt;
if i == 1
[Response(i,2),Response(i,3),Response(i,4)] = newmark_linear(M,C,K,M*Acce_Ground(i,1),dt,Xi,Xdi,Xddi);
else
[Response(i,2),Response(i,3),Response(i,4)] = newmark_linear(M,C,K,M*Acce_Ground(i,1),dt,Response(i-1,2),Response(i-1,3),Response(i-1,4));
end
end
Response
% 2. Plot The Response of the Structure
% 2.1 Relative Displacement Response, U [in
figure

By

Rith Makara

12

subplot(3,1,1)
plot(Response(1:m*n,1),Response(1:m*n,2))
title('Relative Displacement')
xlabel('Time, [sec]')
ylabel('Displacement, [in]')
axis([0,Response(m*n,1),max(abs(Response(1:m*n,2)))*1.5,max(abs(Response(1:m*n,2)))*1.5])
% 2.2 Relative Velocity Response, V [in/sec]
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(Response(1:m*n,1),Response(1:m*n,3))
title('Relative Velocity')
xlabel('Time, [sec]')
ylabel('Velocity, [in/sec]')
axis([0,Response(m*n,1),max(abs(Response(1:m*n,3)))*1.5,max(abs(Response(1:m*n,3)))*1.5])
% 2.3 Relative Acceleration Response, A [in/sec2]
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(Response(1:m*n,1),Response(1:m*n,4))
title('Relative Acceleration')
xlabel('Time, [sec]')
ylabel('Acceleration, [in]')
axis([0,Response(m*n,1),max(abs(Response(1:m*n,4)))*1.5,max(abs(Response(1:m*n,4)))*1.5])

By

Rith Makara

13