Piperack Design Philoshipy

08/05/2015
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PIPE RACK DESIGN GUIDELINES

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nestlejin
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Posted:TueAug31,20109:07amPostsubject:PIPERACKDESIGNGUIDELINES
Dearall,
Joined:16Jul2010
Posts:19
Givenweblinkisveryusefulltounderstandpiperackdesign
http://www.civildesignhelp.info/pr.html
PiperackDesignPhilosophy
InthispageIwilltalkaboutthepiperackdesignphilosophy.Piperackisthemainarteryofanyplant.This
carriesthepipesandcabletrays(raceways)fromoneequipmenttoanotherequipmentwithinaprocessunit
(calledISBLpiperack)orcarriesthepipeandcabletraysfromoneunittoanotherunit(calledOSBLpiperack).
SometimesyouwillalsofindtheAIRCOOLEDHEATEXCHANGERSonthepiperack.
Therearedifferenttypesofpiperack:
ContinuousPiperacks(conventionalpiperack)system
NoncontinuousPiperackssystem
ModularPiperack
Conventional/ContinuousPiperack
ContinuousPiperacks(conventionalpiperack)system:Thisisessentiallyasystemwheremultiple2
dimensional(2D)frameassemblies(commonlycalledbents),comprisedoftwoormorecolumnswithtransverse
beams,aretiedtogetherinthelongitudinaldirectionutilizingbeamstruts(forsupportoftransversepipeand
racewayelementsandforlongitudinalstabilityofthesystem)andverticalbracingtoforma3Dspaceframe
arrangement.Piperackssupportingequipmentsuchasaircooledheatexchangersmustutilizethecontinuous
systemapproach.
Step1:Datacollectionforpiperackdesign:
Duetothefasttracknatureassociatedwithmostoftheprojects,oftenthefinalpiping,raceway,andequipment
informationisnotavailableatinitiationofthepiperackdesign.Therefore,asaCivil/StructuralEngineer,you
shouldcoordinatewiththePipinggroup,Electrical,ControlSystems,andMechanicalgroupstoobtainasmuch
preliminaryinformationaspossible.Whenreceived,alldesigninformationshouldbedocumentedforfuture
referenceandverification.Intheinitialdesign,theEngineershouldusejudgementwhenapplyingorallowing
forloadsthatarenotknown,justifyingtheminthedesignbasisunder"DesignPhilosophy"(apartofyour
calculation)
Thefollowingshouldbereviewedfordesigninformation:
Plotplansandequipmentlocationplans
3Dmodelshowingpipinglayout,cabletraylayout,Piperackbentspacingandelevationofsupportlevels
http://www.sefindia.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8219
1/10
08/05/2015
inthetransversedirection,Elevationoflongitudinalbeamstrutsandlocationsofverticalbracing.and
locationofpipebridge,ifany.
Pipingorthographicdrawings.
Vendorprintsofequipmentlocatedontherack,e.g.,aircoolersandexchangers.Thevendorprints
shouldincludetheequipmentlayout,mountinglocationsanddetails,accessandmaintenance
requirements,andthemagnitudeanddirectionofloadsbeingtransmittedtothepiperack.
Electricalandcontrolsystemsdrawingsshowingtheroutingandlocationofelectricaland
instrumentationracewaysand/orsupports.
Undergrounddrawingsthatshowthelocationsofburiedpipes,concretestructuresandfoundations,duct
banks,etc.intheareaofthepiperack.
Piperackconstructionmaterial(Steel,Castinsituconcrete,Precastconcrete)shallbeasperproject
designcriteria.
Pleasenotethat,Unlessspecificallyexplainedintheprojectdesigncriteria,noallowanceorprovisionsshould
bemadeforfutureadditionsforpipeorracewayspaceandrelatedloading.
Step2:Designloadsconsideration:
Followingloadsaretobeconsideredforthepiperackdesign:
PipingGravityload(D):Intheabsenceofdefinedpipingloadsandlocations,anassumedminimumuniform
pipeloadof2.0kPashouldbeusedforpreliminarydesignofpiperacks.Thiscorrespondstoanequivalentload
of6in(150mm)linesfullofwatercoveredwith2in(50mm)thickinsulation,andspacedon12in(300mm)
centers.ThisassumptionshouldbeverifiedbasedoncoordinationwiththePipingGroup,andconcentrated
loadsshouldalsobeappliedforanyanticipatedlargepipes.Whentheactualloadsandlocationsbecome
known,astheprojectdevelops,thestructuraldesignshouldbecheckedagainsttheseassumedinitialload
parametersandrevisedasrequired.Aconcentratedloadshouldthenbeaddedforpipesthatare12in(300
mm)andlargerindiameter.TheconcentratedloadPshouldbe:
P=(Wsxpxd),s=Spacingofpiperackbent,p=pipeweightconsidered(kPa),d=pipediameterW=pipe
concentratedload.
Whereconsiderationofupliftorsystemstabilityduetowindorseismicoccurrencesisrequired,use60%ofthe
designgravityloadsasan"allpipesempty"loadcondition.
Loadingduetohydrostatictestingoflinesshouldbeconsideredinthedesignifapplicable.Coordinatethe
testingplan(s)withConstruction,Startup,and/orthePipingGroupasnecessary,inordertofullyunderstandhow
suchloadswillbeappliedtothepiperackstructure.Undermostnormalconditions,multiplelineswillnotbe
simultaneouslytested.Thehydrotestloadsdonotnormallyneedtobeconsideredconcurrentlywiththeother
nonpermanentloads,suchasliveload,wind,earthquake,andthermal.Typicalpracticeistopermitan
overstressof15%forthehydrotestcondition.Becauseoftheseconsiderations,thehydrotestconditionwillnot
normallygovernexceptforverylargediameterpipes.
ElectricalTrayandConduits(D):Electricalandcontrolsystemsdrawingsand/ortheproject3Dmodelshouldbe
reviewedtodeterminetheapproximateweightandlocationofelectricaltrays,conduits,andinstrumentation
commodities.Unlesstheweightoftheloadedracewayscanbedefined,anassumedminimumuniformloadof
1.0kPashouldbeusedforsingletierraceways.
SelfweightofPiperack(D):Theweightofallstructuralmembers,includingfireproofing,shouldbeconsidered
inthedesignofthepiperack.
WeightofEquipmentonpiperack(D):Equipmentweights,includingerection,empty,operating,andtest(ifthe
equipmentistobehydrotestedonthepiperack),shouldbeobtainedfromthevendordrawings.Theequipment
weightshouldincludethedeadweightofallassociatedplatforms,ladders,andwalkways,asapplicable.Special
Loads:Specialconsiderationshouldbegiventounusualloads,suchaslargevalves,expansionloops,and
unusualpipingorelectricalconfigurations.
LiveLoad(L):Liveload(L)onaccessplatformsandwalkwaysandonequipmentplatformsshouldbe
considered,asapplicable.
SnowLoad(S):Snowloadtobeconsideredoncabletrayandonlargediapipes.Thisloadshallbecalculated
perprojectapproveddesigncodeandprojectdesigncriteria.Generally,youneedtoconsider100%snowload
ontoptierand50%onothertierofpiperacks.
WindLoad(W):Transversewindloadonstructuralmembers,piping,electricaltrays,equipment,platforms,and
laddersshouldbedeterminedinaccordancewithprojectapproveddesigncode.Longitudinalwindshould
typicallybeappliedtostructuralframing,cabletrayverticaldrop(ifany),largediapipesverticaldrop(ifany)and
equipmentonly.Theeffectsoflongitudinalwindonpipingandtraysrunningparalleltothewinddirectionshould
beneglected.
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EarthquakeLoads(E):Earthquakeloadsinthevertical,transverse,andlongitudinaldirectionsshould
bedeterminedinaccordancewiththeprojectdesigncriteria.Vertical,transverse,andlongitudinalseismicforces
generatedbythepipes,raceways,supportedequipment,andthepiperackstructureshouldbeconsideredand
shouldbebasedontheiroperatingweights.Pipesmustbeevaluatedforseismicloadsunderbothfulland
emptyconditionsandthencombinedwiththecorrespondinggravityloads.
FrictionLoading(Tf):Frictionforcescausedbyhotlinesslidingacrossthepipesupportduringstartupand
shutdownareassumedtobepartiallyresistedthroughfrictionbynearbycoldlines.Therefore,inorderto
provideforanominalunbalanceoffrictionforcesactingonapipesupport,aresultantlongitudinalfrictionforce
equalto7.5%ofthetotalpipeweightor30%ofanyoneormorelinesknowntoactsimultaneouslyinthesame
direction,whicheverislarger,isassumedforpiperackdesign.Frictionbetweenpipingandsupportingsteel
shouldnotbereliedupontoresistwindorseismicloads.
AnchorandGuideLoads(Ta):Piperacksshouldbecheckedforanchorandguideloadsasdeterminedbythe
PipeStressGroup.Itmaybenecessarytousehorizontalbracingiflargeanchorforcesareencountered.For
conventionalpiperacksystems,itisnormallypreferredtoeitherhavetheanchorsstaggeredalongthepiperack
sothateachsupporthasonlyoneortwoanchors,ortoanchormostpipesononebracedsupport.Forinitial
design,whenanchorandguideloadsarenotknown,usealongitudinalanchorforceof5.0kNactingatmidspan
ofeachbenttransversebeam(referprojectdesigncriteria).Guideloadsareusuallysmallandmaybeignored
untiltheyaredefinedbythePipeStressEngineer.Fornoncontinuouspiperacksystems,pipingmaybe
transverselyguidedoranchoredatbothcantileverframesandanchorbays.Longitudinalanchorsmaybe
locatedonlyatanchorbays.
Pleasenotethat,allfrictionforcesandanchorforceswithlessmagnitude,(say~5.0kN),appliedtothetop
flangeofthebeam,maybeconsideredasresistedbythetotalbeamsection.Whenanchorloadshavelarge
magnitudeandareappliedtothetopflangeofthebeam,theeffectoftorsionmustbeaddressed.Ifthebeam
sectionisinadequatetotakecareofthistorsionalforce,alternativestobeconsidered,suchasprovidehorizontal
bracingsattheloadlocations.
Step3:LoadCombinationsandallowabledeflectionofpiperack:
Youneedtocreatetheloadcombinationsperyourprojectdesigncriteria.However,Ihavereferedheresome
loadcombinations.
Pleasenotethefollowing:
Earthquakeloadisafactoredload.
Forloadcombinationsthatincludewindorearthquakeloads,useonlythenonfrictionportion
(anchorandguideportion)ofthethermalloads,i.e.,frictionloadsarenotcombinedwithwind
orseismicloads.Frictionloadsareconsideredtobeselfrelievingduringwindandearthquake
andshouldonlybecombinedwithanchorandguideloadswhenwindorearthquakeloadsare
notconsidered.
Hydrostatictestloadsneednotbecombinedwithwindandearthquakeloadsunlessthereisa
reasonableprobabilityoftheoccurrenceofeitheroftheseloadsduringhydrostatictesting.
Forcalculationoffoundationsoilbearingpressuresorpileloads,stabilitychecksagainstoverturning,sliding,
andbuoyancy,anddeflectionchecks,thefollowingunfactoredloadcombinations(ACI318)shallbeused:
1.D
2.D+L+SL+Tf+Ta
3.D+Tf+Ta
4.D+1.3W+Ta
5.D+L+0.5SL+1.3W+Ta
6.D+L+S+0.65W+Ta
7.0.9De+1.3W+Ta
8.D+E/1.4+Ta
9.D+0.2S+E/1.4+Ta
10.0.9De+E/1.4+Ta
LoadCombinationsfordesignoffoundations(ACI318):
1.1.4D
2.1.4D+1.7L+1.7S
3.1.4D+1.4Tf+1.4Ta
4.0.75(1.4D+1.7L+1.7S+1.4Tf+1.4Ta)
5.0.75(1.4D+1.7L+1.7S+1.4Ta)+1.6W
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6.1.2D+0.2S+1.0E+1.2Ta
7.0.9De+1.6W+1.2Ta
8.0.9De+1.0E+1.2Ta
SteelDesignloadcombinations:(AISCLRFD)
1.1.4D
2.1.2D+1.6L+0.5S+1.2Tf+1.2Ta
3.1.2D+1.6S+0.5L+1.2Tf+1.2Ta
4.1.2D+1.6S+0.8W+1.2Ta
5.1.2D+1.6W+0.5L+0.5S+1.2Ta
6.1.2D+1.0E+0.5L+0.2S+1.2Ta
7.0.9De+1.6W+1.2Ta
8.0.9De+1.0E+1.2Ta
Deistheminimumdeadloadonthestructure.
FINALANCHORANDGUIDELOADCHECK:
Wherethedesignoftransversebeamshasbeenbasedonanchorloadsasexplainedinstep2,afinal
checkofbeams(andotheraffectedmembers)shouldbemadewhenfinaldefinitionoftheseloadsis
availablefromthePipeStressEngineer.BasedontheEngineer'sexperienceandjudgement,an
overstressinanyelement(ofupto10%)canbeconsidered,providedproperjustificationis
given.Wheresuchoverstresscannotbeproperlyjustified,modificationsshouldbemadetothe
piperackstructureinordertobringthestresslevelswithinthenormalallowables.Modificationscould
entailtheadditionofhorizontalbracingtothetransversebeamstoresistsignificantloadsfromthe
anchor(s),replacingand/oraddingmembers,strengtheningmembers(i.e.,coverplating,etc.),and/or
relocatingtheanchorandguideload(s).
ALLOWABLEHORIZONTALANDVERTICALDEFLECTION:
Allowabledeflectionsofpiperackstructuresshallbeasperprojectdesigncriteria.However,youcan
considerthefollowingaslimitofdeflection:Lateraldeflectionproducedbyloadcombinationsthat
includewindorseismicforces:Piperackssupportingequipment:h/100,unlessamorestringent
requirementisgivenbythemanufactureroftheequipment.Piperackssupportingpipingandraceway
only:h/200orasperprojectdesigncriteria.Lateraldeflectionproducedbysustainedstaticforces
suchaspipeandanchorloads:h/200orasperprojectdesigncriteriaVerticaldeflectionofbeamsdue
togravitypipeloads:asperprojectdesigncriteriahisthetotalheightofthepiperackstructure.
Step4:FramingofContinuous/ConventionalPiperack:
Frames
Mainpiperacksareusuallydesignedasmomentresistingframesinthetransversedirection.Inthe
longitudinaldirection,thereshouldbeatleastonecontinuouslevelofbeamstrutsoneachside.For
piperackswithmorethanonetier,thebeamstrutsshouldbelocatedatalevelthatisusuallyequal
toonehalftierspacingaboveorbelowthebottomtier.Verticalbracinginthelongitudinaldirection
shouldbeprovidedtocarrythelongitudinalforces,transmittedthroughthebeamstruts,tothe
baseplate/foundationlevel.
TransverseBeam
Transversebeamsmustbecapableofresistingallforces,moments,andshearsproducedbytheload
combinations.Transversebeamsaregenerallyamomentresistingframe,modeledandanalyzedas
partoftheframesystem.Theanalysismodelmustreflecttheappropriatebeamendconditions.In
thedesignofbeams,considerationshouldbegivento
Largepipesthataretobehydrotested.
Anchorandfrictionloadwithlargemagnitude(seestep2,anchorandfrictionload)
CentralSpine:
Forsteelpiperackswithspansofmorethan6m,acenterspineconsistingofasystemofhorizontal
bracesandstrutslocatedatmidspanofeachlevelofpipingshouldbeconsidered.Thisadditionallight
horizontalframinggreatlyincreasesthecapacityofthetransversepipesupportbeamstoresist
frictionandanchorforces,andalsoservestoreducetheunbracedlengthofthebeamcompression
flangeinflexureandtoreducetheunbracedlengthofthebeamabouttheweakaxisinaxial
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08/05/2015
compression.Thisconceptreducestherequiredbeamsizesandprovidesamechanismfor
eliminatingorminimizingdesign,fabrication,orfieldmodificationsthatcouldotherwiseberequired
duetolatereceiptofunanticipatedlargepipeanchorforces.
LongitudinalBeamStrut
Fortypicalcontinuouspiperacksystems,thelongitudinalbeamstrutsshouldbedesignedasaxially
loadedmembersthatareprovidedforlongitudinalloadsandstability.Additionally,thelongitudinal
beamstrutsthatsupportpipingorracewayshouldbedesignedfor50%ofthegravityloading
assumedforthetransversepipeorracewaysupportbeams,unlessunusualloadingis
encountered.This50%gravityloadingwillaccountfortheusualpipingandracewaytake
offs.Normally,thegravityloadingcarriedbythebeamstrutsshouldnotbeaddedtothedesignloads
forthecolumnsorfootingssincepipesorracewaycontributingtotheloadonthebeamstrutswould
berelievinganequivalentloadonthetransversebeams.Concentratedloadsforlargepipesmaybe
treatedasinstep2.
Foranycontinuouspiperacksystemwheretheanticipatedpipingandracewaytakeoffsareminimal
ornone,the50%loadingcriteriadoesnotapply.Insuchcases,thebeamstrutsshouldbedesigned
primarilyasaxiallyloadedmembers.Donotprovidebeamstrutsiftheyarenotneededforpipingor
racewaysupport,orforsystemstability.Conversely,the3Dmodelshouldbecheckedtoverifythat
beamstrutssubjectedtounusuallylargeloads(suchasatexpansionloops)havebeengivenspecial
consideration.Alllongitudinalbeamstruts,includingconnections,shouldbedesignedtoresistthe
axialloadsproducedbythelongitudinalforces.
Whendesigningthelongitudinalbeamstrutsforflexuralloads,thefulllengthofthebeamshouldbe
consideredastheunbracedlengthforthecompressionflange.
VerticalBracing
Whenmomentresistingframedesignisnotusedinthelongitudinaldirection,verticalbracingshould
beusedtotransmitthelongitudinalforcesfromthebeamstrutstothefoundations.Kneebracingor
Kbracingismostoftenusedforthispurpose.Unlessprecludedbyequipmentarrangementor
interferences,bracingshouldbeplacedequidistantbetweentwoexpansionjoints.Designcalculations
anddrawingsmustreflectabreakinthebeamstrutcontinuitybetweenadjacentbracedsections
throughtheuseofslottedconnectionsorbyeliminatingthebeamstrutsinthebaysdesignatedas
freebays.Themaximumlengthofabracedsectionshouldbelimitedto48mto50m.Ifthebraced
bayisnotlocatedequidistantfromthefreebays,themaximumdistancefromthebracedbaytoa
freebayshouldbelimitedsuchthatthemaximumtotallongitudinalgrowthorshrinkageofthe
unrestrainedsegmentdoesnotexceed40mm.
Column
Thecolumnsmustbecapableofresistingallloads,moments,andshearsproducedbytheload
combinations.Amomentresistingframeanalysisshouldnormallybeusedtodeterminetheaxialload,
moment,andshearatpointsalongthecolumns.Theframeanalysismodelshouldbebasedonthe
following:
Considercolumnbaseashinge.
Use4boltconnectionsforsafetypurpose
Fordesignofsteelcolumnssubjectedtoflexuralloads,thedistancebetweenthebaseandthefirst
transversebeamorthekneebraceintersectionshouldbeconsideredasthecompressionflange
unbracedlength.
(NonconventionalPiperack)
InthispageIwilltalkabouttheNoncontinuouspiperacksystem.
IhopeyouhavereadtheConventionalpiperacksystemdesignphilosophy.Ifnot,pleasereadthatsection
before.
NonContinuousPiperack:
Thisisasystemcomprisedofindependentcantilevered,freestanding2Dframesnotdependentonlongitudinal
beamstrutsforsystemstability.Thissystem,wherefeasible,shouldresultinlowertotalinstalledcost(TIC).
5/10
08/05/2015
MethodofDatacollectionsissameascontinuouspiperack.Pleaselookinto3Dmodelandcollectallthedata
asrequired.
Followingloadsaretobeconsideredforthenonconventionalpiperackdesign:
Gravityload(D):ForGravityloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem
WindLoad(W):ForWindloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem,
EarthquakeLoads(E):ForEarthquakeloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem.Longitudinal
seismicwillbeappliedonanchorbayonly.
FrictionLoading(Tf):Frictionforcescausedbyhotlinesslidingacrossthepipesupportduringstartupand
shutdowndonotapplyonindividualframe,asframewilldeflectalongthepipedirection.Therefore,thisforce
willbeconsideredonanchorbayonly.
AnchorandGuideLoads(Ta):ForAnchorandGuideloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem,
ForLoadcombinationsandallowabledeflectionofnonconventionalpiperack,referConventionalpiperack
system,
Step4:Framesofnonconventionalpiperack:
(ModularPiperack)
InthispageIwilltalkabouttheModularpiperacksystem.IhopeyouhavereadtheConventionalpiperack
systemdesignphilosophy.Ifnot,pleasereadthatsectionbefore.
ModularPiperack
Sometimesclientslookformodularpieprack/modularstructurefortheirplants.Butdoyouknowwhatisa
module?Moduleisaseriesofstandardunitsthatfunctiontogether.Examplesare:
Buildingmodules:StructuralFramescompletelyfittedwithMiscllaneousequipmentandarchitecturalfinishes.
PiperackModule:StructuralFramescompletelyfittedwithpipes,Cabletraysandmiscellaneousequipment.
Nowthequestionis,whydowegoformodularstructuresometimes?Herearesomereasons:
Iftheprojectsiteisatremotelocation,thenitwillbeverydifficulttogetgoodlocalcontractor.
Parallelconstructionactivitiesarepossible(foundationandmodulefabrication)andgainintime
schedule
Controlledconstructionenvironmentispossible
Controlledqualitycontrolled
Insomecountries,labourcostatsiteismorethanlabourcostatfabrication/moduleassemblyshop.So,
ifyoufabricateandfitallthepipes,cabletraysetc.atshop,thenyoucansavetheprojectcost.
However,therearesomedisadvantagesalsoandtheseare:
Latechangesindesignhashugeeffectonstructureandmoduleassembly.
Transportationcostfrommoduleshoptositemaybeveryhigh.
Transportationtimeneedstobeconsideredintotalprojectschedule.
PiperackModuleTransportation:Modulecanbetransportedbyroadwaysandwaterways.Ihavesome
experiencesinroadwayspiperackmoduletransportation.InAlbertaprovince(Canada)100ft(long)x24ft
(wide)x29ft6in(highfromroadsurface)PRMcanbetransportedbytruckfrommoduleyardtosite.Pleaseclick
herefordifferentmoduleshippingenvelope.
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08/05/2015
PiperackModuleLifting:4pointliftsarepreferredand8pointliftsaresecondpreference.6and10pointlifting
aredifficultandshouldbeavoided.4pointliftsreduceriggingcostandassociatedmanpowerduringsetting.4
pointliftsresulthighercranecapacityandsaferliftsduetoshorterboomrequirements.Regardlessofthelength,
typicalselfsupportingbridgetrussstylepiperackmodulesuse4liftpointslocatedatthetopofthemodules
columnsinthewebs.Byliftingatthesamelocationthatthemoduleissupportedinsitu,theforcedistribution
throughoutthemodule
issimilartotheinsitudesign,exceptthatthemodulecolumnsareincompressioninstuandreversedtotension
duringalift.Pleaseclickherefor4pointmodulelifting.
FollowingaresomestepstodesigntheModularpiperack:
MethodofDatacollectionsissameasConventionalpiperacksystem.Pleaselookinto3Dmodelandcollectall
thedataasrequired.
Followingloadsaretobeconsideredforthenonconventionalpiperackdesign:
Gravityload(D):ForGravityloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem
WindLoad(W):ForWindloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem,
EarthquakeLoads(E):ForEarthquakeloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem.
FrictionLoading(Tf):ForFrictionloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem.
AnchorandGuideLoads(Ta):ForAnchorandGuideloadcalculation,referConventionalpiperacksystem,
Transportationloads:Whenpiperackmodulesaretransportedontheroad,differenttypesofhorizontalloads
aregenerated.Duringuphillordownhillmovementofthetruck,wegenerallyconsideredahorizontalloadof
value30%oftotalload(o.30xdeadweight)actstowardsthelongitudinaldirectionofthemodule.Duringatruck
turnorduetosuperelevationoftheroad,ahorizontalloadisalsogenerated(centrfugalforce)andvalueofthat
loadisalso0.30xweightofmodule(30%oftotaldeadload)actingtransversedirectionofmodules.Butboththe
horizontalloads(longitudinalandtransversedirection)donotacttogether.Otherthanthesehorizontalloads,we
alsoconsiderwindloadandverticalimpactload.
Summaryoftransportationload:
VerticalImpactLoad(IV)50%of(selfweightofstructure+Emptyweightofpipe+Cabletray)
HorizontalImpactinLongitudinaldirection(IL)30%of(selfweightofstructure+Emptyweightofpipe+
Cabletray)
HorizontalImpactinTransversedirection(IT)30%of(selfweightofstructure+Emptyweightofpipe+
Cabletray)
Windload(WLT)Windloadisappliedonpiperackmodulestructure,pipeandcabletray,in
Transversedirection.
YouneedtochecktheFactorofsafetyagaingstoverturningduringtransportationandvalueshouldbe
morethan1.5.
Erectionloadsandliftingpoints:Inthiscasewegenerallyconsideraverticalimpactload(loadfactor=1.5)on
module.
ForLoadcombinationsandallowabledeflectionofModularpiperackforinsituanalysisanddesign,
referConventionalpiperacksystem,
Modularpiperacktobeanalysedfortransportationandforliftingalso.
Liftingloadcombinations:LC1=2.0xTotaldeadload(ultimateloadcombinationsformemberdesignper
CanadiansteelcodeCISC/NBC95)
Transportationloadcombinations(ultimateloadcombinationsperCISCCanadiansteelcode/NBC95for
memberdesign)):
LC1:1.25xDeadload+1.5xIV+1.5xIL
LC2:1.25xDeadload+1.5xIV+1.5xIT
LC3:1.25xDeadload+1.5xIV+1.5xWind
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LC4:1.25xDeadload+1.05xIV+1.05xIT+1.05xWind
LC5:1.25xDeadload+1.05xIV+1.05xIL+1.05xWind
Aboveloadcombinationsareforreferenceonly.Youneedtofollowyourprojectdesigncriteriaforthepipe
rackanalysisanddesign.
Step4:FramesofModularlpiperack:
Backtotop
badamsundararao
...
Posted:TueAug31,20103:53pmPostsubject:PIPELINERACKDESIGN
Dearfriend,
Joined:24Dec2009
Posts:169
Location:KAKINADA
ANDHRAPRADESH
Backtotop
gpsarathyy
...
Thankyoufortheinformation.Thisisveryusefuldatafordesignengineers.
badamsundararao.
Posted:TueJul19,20118:11amPostsubject:
DearSefians,
Forpiperack,temperatureloadisalsotobeconsidered.Forthisloadseachcompanyisfollowing
differentway.Cananybodyconfirmonthiswhichismoreappropriate.
InSTAADwehavetoapplyonlythedeltaT(differenceinTemperature).
Joined:28Jun2010
Posts:466
Location:chennai
WhatwillbethedifferenceinTemperature?
Temperaturedifferencebetweenthefabrication/castingandtheMaxorMinimum
ambienttemperature?
Temperaturedifferencebetweenthefabrication/castingandtheMaxorMinimum
ambienttemperature?+20degrees
Temperaturedifferencebetweenthefabrication/castingand(MaximumAmbient
Temperature+MinimumAmbienttemperature)/2
Somemayarguewearealreadyprovidingtheexpansionjoingbetweenthestructureandwhywe
needtoconsiderthethermalstressesinstructure?whichisnotcorrect,wehavetoconsiderthe
thermalstresses.
Seniorsandexpertsarerequestedtothrowsomelightontheabovetopic.
_________________
G.PARTHASARATHYM.E.CEng(UK),MICE.,MIE.,
CHENNAI
GPSARATHYY@GMAIL.COM
Backtotop
gpsarathyy
...
Posted:TueJul19,20118:14amPostsubject:
TheTemperatureeffectisdependsonthelocationalso,hencewewilldiscussonlyforIndia,thiswill
confinethediscussionandwillgivemoreclarityonthediscussion.
_________________
CHENNAI
Joined:28Jun2010
Posts:466
Location:chennai
Backtotop
gpsarathyy
...
Posted:TueJul19,201112:54pmPostsubject:
InGeneralthepiperacklengthisrestrictedto50masmax.consideringthethermalexpansionor
thermalstressesthatwilldevelopinthepiperackmembers.
Thesestressesaresecondarystresseswhichwilladdforcestothelongitudinalbracingsandthe
longitudinalmembers.
8/10
08/05/2015
Joined:28Jun2010
Posts:466
Location:chennai
Foroptimumdesignitisbettertoprovidethebracedbayatthecenterofthepiperack,thereby
reducingthethermalexpansionofthepiperackattheends.
_________________
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gpsarathyy
...
Posted:SatJul23,20114:25pmPostsubject:
DearSefians,
Pleasegiveyouropiniononwhattemperatureloadstobeconsideredinthepiperackdesign.
Waitingforyourpostings.
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gpsarathyy
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Posted:SunAug07,20112:16pmPostsubject:
SeniorSefiansarerequestedtosharetheknowledgeonthetemperatureloadsonpiperack.
Nowthedifferentcompanytheyarefollowingdifferentstandardsoftemperatureloads.
Togettheuniquesolutionandconceptyourviewsareessential.
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gpsarathyy
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Posted:TueAug23,20117:52amPostsubject:
SeniorSefiPersonsarerequestedtosharetheirknowledgeonTemperatureloadsoverpiperack.
Pleasegiveyouropinion.
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gpsarathyy
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Posted:WedSep14,20117:49amPostsubject:
AfterreferringtomanydocumentsIfoundthattheTemperatureloadsforthePiperack
shallbetakenasfollows
Temperaturedifferencebetweenthefabrication/castingandtheMaxorMinimumambient
temperature?+MetalTemperature(20degrees)
Joined:28Jun2010
Posts:466
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MetalTemperature:Sincesteelisagoodconductorofheat,thetemperatureofthesteel
memberwillbemorethanthesitetemperature.
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Radhakrishna
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Posted:WedSep14,20118:46amPostsubject:
DearGpsarathy,
9/10
08/05/2015
Joined:01Nov2008
Posts:70
Canyoupleaseprovidethereference.
Regards
RadhaKrishnaGavarasana.
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PIPE RACK DESIGN GUIDELINES

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