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MUSHROOM PRODUCTION.
Posted November 12, 2012 by NECOFA Kenya in Biodiversity conservation, Food Security. 15
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Mushroom: This is a fruiting body of a fungi which is non-photosynthesis thus feeds on organic matter
and plant organism. The fungus includes moulds, yeast, toadstools and mushroom.
They are characterized by sudden and rapid growth hence require a balanced and supplemented
carrier material(substrate)to ensure optimum production within its life span.
VARIETIES
Mushroom are of different varies which include edible and non-edible ones. Some of the common
varieties grown in Kenya include:
Oyster Mushroom (plerotus)
Button Mushroom (Agricus)
Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
Chinese Mushroom (Ganoderma)
Advantages of growing mushroom over other cash crops:
1. Demand for less Acreage
2. Fast growing (duration between planting and harvesting is only 28-35 days)
3. Use of agricultural waste, as growing media e.g. sugarcane, banana, leaves, fibres, maize stovers,
bean trash, wheat straw etc.
4. No fertilizers or chemicals used, thus contributing to less input.
5. Growing media (substrate)could be used in the farm as soil conditioner after harvesting
period(compost)
TERMINOLOGIES USED IN MUSHROOM GROWING
1. Substrate-carrier material used in growing mushroom
2. Spawn-mushroom seed
3. Mycellium-This fiber- like roots that grow through the substrate.
4. Pin-heads-The first signs of sprouting mushrooms.
5. Fruiting-process of mushroom development(growth)
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PLANTING
-Sterilize the table (preparation)or the polythene paper with methylated spirit.
-Untie the substrate and spread on the paper or table.
-Spawn application should be done on top of the substrate.
-Close the poly bags using plastic rings then plug with sterilized cotton wool.
-Now, you have already planted gardens ready to be taken to the dark room for incubation.
-incubation period is 14-21 days and ensure that the temperatures does not exceed 28 degrees Celsius .
-After full colonization of the the substrate, transfer the planted gardens to the growing room.
-Make sure humidity is maintained, which should not be less than 90%.use a spray pump.
-After 6-7 days, pin heads will start to appear, make holes on the gardens for the mushrooms to sprout
out.
NB
-Maintain humidity level to 80% dont let the substrate to dry.
-Within 2-4 days mushrooms will be ready for harvesting.
-Ensure to harvest before they are fully grown.
-Continue spraying and the cycle will repeat itself (4-5)times of flushes.
NB:The number of flushes will depend on the amount of nutrients in the substrate.
MIXING RATIO
1kg of dry substrate when wet is approximately 3.14kg.That is (DM)=3.14kg(W.W.)
2kg spawn is supposed to plant 15kg (dry matter)therefore converted into wet weight; it will be
(153.14) which is around 50kg(WW)thus 1kg can plant 25kg(ww)substrate.
CHALLENGES FACING MUSHROOM FARMERS (DISEASES AND COMPETITORS)
1.Bacteria
2.Viruses
3.Competitor mushrooms
4.Co2 accumulation
5.Light deficiency
6.Pesticide effect
7.Trichoderma (infectious fungi)
solutions:
-Maintaining high levels of hygiene
-Proper substrate sterilization
-Spore filters in inoculation rooms
PESTS
This is scariads and phorids ,which are attracted by mycelium scent
solutions:-using wire mesh on windows
-using sticky traps
-using organic pesticides e.g. (flower Ds 0.4%)which is pyrethrum based.
-Timely harvesting.
TERMITES AND SNAILS
Control:>use of oil on timber works
>for snails use of ash is recommended(pour ash around the growing room)
RATS
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i am a begginer,in mombasa.can you pliz help me with indepth knowledge on how 2 start??
Reply
Posted by Douglas Mwaura on January 31, 2013 at 8:29 am
i am so encouraged by your insight on mushroom farming & want & wish to learn more about this
because am intending to start please help
Reply
Posted by anne on February 19, 2013 at 1:04 pm
Hi, this is good information. would like to start this seriously. post more information please.
Reply
Posted by Kiddu Abel on April 4, 2013 at 8:59 am
You can get very good spawn/seeds from African Mushroom Growers. You get free training and
visit other farmers who are in the same business. Pleas contact Mr. kiddu on +256 782324041 or
email: k17abelc@yahoo.com
Reply
Posted by Robert Odak on April 14, 2013 at 10:59 pm
A very informative post.
Reply
Posted by Edith msafiri on April 20, 2013 at 5:59 pm
Hi,
i am soo excited and instrested in growing organic mushroom,kindly assist with training and
assistance on how to set up.am based in Nairobi
thank you
Reply
Posted by Nicholas Mbago. on May 14, 2013 at 9:09 am
Hi, I recently started to deal in oyster mushrooms. I have applied for Kebs permit to sell dried
mushrooms but have encountered challenges with regard to yeast and moulds contamination. Am
a bit confused given that mushrooms actually form part of yeasts, moulds and fungi. Can you
prescribe for me a Standard that is specific to or includes mushrooms.
Reply
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