Higgs Two Photons ATLAS - Yamamura 12

Higgs Boson Searches in the two photon
decay channel at ATLAS

Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
On behalf of the ATLAS collaboration

High Energy Physics
in the LHC Era
4th International workshop
06/01/2012
Data in 2011
Data-taking in 2011 at ATLAS

In 2011, LHC operated very well
with high luminosity.
bunch spacing : 50ns
33
Peak lumi : 3.6510 /cm /s

was achieved.
-1
5.25fb recorded in ATLAS

Pileup effect
Mean # of interactions per crossing

Tails up to 20.
Precise understanding of pile-up
Up to
August
effect (both in-time & out-of-time)

Sept-Oct
becomes essential.
Great effort & improvement
have been made with simulation.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop
(2 photons)
Outline
Higgs boson search in the two photon
decay channel (H
) at ATLAS
(1) Search for the Standard Model(SM) H

-1
with 4.9fb (= full dataset of 2011)

Main topic of this presentation
-1
(2) Search for the Fermiophobic H with 1.08fb

-1
( This is not a result with the full 4.9fb sample,
that has not been published yet. )
-1
Search result with 1.08fb
will be presented briefly.
(3) Summary & future prospects
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
References
https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/CONFNOTES/
SM H
: ATLAS-CONF-2011-161
Fermiophobic H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
: ATLAS-CONF-2011-149
(1) Search for the SM H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
Search for the SM H

At LHC, H
is the most sensitive
Branching fraction
for SM Higgs boson
channel in the low mass range.

(110< mH <125GeV)
Small branching ratio, but large event
yield due to high selection efficiency.

Narrow signal peak in M() spectrum
Simple analysis
Signal peak
(Signature : events with

two high-ET photons)
Due to these characteristics,
H
becomes a promising channel
with high sensitivity.

Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
analysis
Backgrounds
Main contribution
Irrreducible BG :
Reducible BG :
+jets, di-jet
Zee(DY) ( very small contribution)

M(
) reconstruction
M(
) 2 = 2E1E2(1cos )
E1 [E2] Energy of 1st [2nd ] photon

Opening angle of the two photons
For the precise reconstruction, careful understandings

are needed for the followings :
Energy calibration & resolution (related to E1 and E2)
Primary vertex position (related to )
( For details, see the following slides.)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
Zee peak
Energy calibration & resolution

Photon energy calibration
MC-based calibration
(Tuned by beam-test result)
After MC-based calibration,

electron energy scale corrections
are applied to photon energy of data.
(Scale factor is obtained from Zee.)
Energy resolution
Resolution correction is applied to MC.
(This correction factor is also determined by comparing
the Zee peak between data and MC.)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
Calorimeter pointing
Vertex reconstruction (z-vertex)
EM
calorimeter
Vertex position is measured by

pointing method.
Unconverted photon :
1st + 2nd layer of EM calorimeter

Beam axis
Converted photon :
(i) Measure photon-direction.
1st layer of EM calorimeter

+ conversion point ( ee)
(ii) z of primary vertex

Robust measurement against pile-up.
is deduced.
peak with various conditions for pile-up

By using pointing method,
M(
) resolution also becomes
stable against pile-up effect.
Diphoton event candidate

(Obtained from data)
Event selection
Event signature is very simple.
Event with two high-Et photons
(ET( 1, 2)>40, 25GeV )
2-photon trigger
Primary vertex selection
(for selecting collision event)
Selection for di-photon event
Photon is required to satisfy :
||<1.37 or 1.52<||<2.37
ET( 1)>40GeV, ET( 2)>25GeV
tight photon-ID
(Selection based on the cluster shape
isolation cut
100<M(
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
in electromagnetic calorimeter.)
)<160GeV
10
To improve sensitivity, data sample
Event categorization
9 categories
is divided into 9 categories with

different S/B and M(
) resolution.
(a) Conversion- categories

(5 categories)
Both photons unconverted
Central
Rest
At least one photon converted
(conv, )
Central
Transition
Rest
(b) pT,t categories ( 5 9 categories )

Low pT,t (<40GeV)
High pT,t (>40GeV)
Definition of pT,t
(pT,t = pT-thrust)
pT,t is the transverse component of
pT() with respect to the thrust axis.
Thrust axis
r
t
r
r
pT ( 1 ) pT ( 2 )
pT,t
pT,t has more discriminative power

than pT().
11
Analysis results
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
12
(For details, see backup slide.)
Background decomposition (data-driven)

Decomposition for
+DY, +jets and di-jet is performed
in a data-driven manner.
Control sample is obtained from anti-cut region that is defined
with photon-ID and isolation variables for the two photons.
DY contribution is also estimated by using e events
as a control sample.
Enriched with Zee where one electron

is faking as photon.
Result
(100<M(
)<160GeV)
The contribution from irreducible BG (
is dominant. (Fraction = 71% )

It could be also confirmed that the
contribution from Zee is very small.
(<1%)
13
Background modeling
BG shape is defined by the fit with single-exponential
in each of 9 categories. (Fit region : 100<M(
M(
) spectrum in each category
(100<M(
)<160GeV)
)<160GeV)
As for the reliability of choosing exponential as the fit func.,

we will discuss it in systematics study.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
14
Signal shape
Signal modeling
inclusive
Signal MC (ggF, VBF, WH/ZH, ttH)
(m H =120GeV)
Samples are available at 11 mass points.

(100-150GeV with 5GeV step)
Peak shape modeling
Function : Crystal-ball + Gaussian
Global fit :
Simultaneous fit is performed for all
Peak resolution
( m H =120GeV)
CB(GeV)
mass points in each category.

The signal peak shape are parameterized
linearly as a function of mH.
Expected # of signal events
inclusive
1.7
Best category
1.4
Worst category
2.3
(unconv central)
(conv transition)
-1
(4.9fb , inclusive)
mH(GeV)
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
#evts
69.9
71.5
70.9
68.3
63.7
57.5
49.8
40.8
30.6
Nsig 70evts (for m H =110-125GeV)
15
Summary of sys errors
Main systematics
(a) Signal yield : 20%
(a)
(b) H
mass resolution : 14%
(c) Migration of signal events
between categories
(b)
(Error on # of signals)
(ex.) Between lowhigh PT,t :
Nsig = 8% (for high PT,t-bin)
(c)
(d) BG modeling
Nsig = 0.1-5.6 events (Depending on categories)
The intrinsic difference between
Chosen background model (= exponential)
True background shape
It is included into sys uncertainty on # of signal events.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
16
Limit setting
Result for H
search
Exclusion limit w.r.t

SM prediction (95%C.L.)
Expected limit
(1.61-2.87)SM @ mH = 110-150GeV
(1.61-1.78)SM @ mH = 115-130GeV
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
By using profile likelihood ratio

method, exclusion limit is
obtained with CLs.
Observed exclusion
mH =114-115GeV
mH =135-136GeV
17
Result for H
p0-value
w/o LEE
search
(Look-Elsewhere-Effect)
p0 value :
Probability of seeing upward
fluctuation in the backgroundonly hypothesis as large as or
larger than the obtained excess.
Observed excess at mH=126GeV

w/o LEE : 2.8 (p0=0.27%)
w/ LEE : 1.5
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
(p0=6.5%)
18
(2) Search for the Fermiophobic H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
19
Search for the Fermiophobic H

Fermiophobic benchmark scenario
Higgs does not couple to fermions
but couples only to bosons.
Production mechanism
ggF is gone.
VBF and VH become dominant.
Branching fraction
in Fermiophobic
scenario
Br(H ) is strongly enhanced

in the low mass range.
(SM)
( mH <120-125GeV)
(SM)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
20
Note
Analysis results
Using 1.08fb
-1
Results with the full 4.9fb
sample
has not been released yet.
-1
Analysis entirely based on the SM analysis (SM H
search)
Two isolated photons with pT>40 and 25GeV

M(
) reconstruction :
Using calo pointing / conv vertex
Some differences w.r.t. SM analysis

Categorization :
BG model :
3 categories with pT(
2nd order polynomial (Bernstein basis)
Func. is optimized based on the categorization strategy.
Exclusion limit w.r.t the prediction (95%C.L.)

Expected exclusion
mH =110-116GeV
Observed exclusion
mH = 110-111GeV,
113.5-117.5GeV
21
Summary
H
search at the ATLAS experiment
Search for the Higgs boson decaying to two photons have been
made by using 2011 data with the ATLAS detector.
Search for the SM H
-1
(with 4.9fb )
Upper limit on x-sec

Expected limit
Observed exclusion
(1.61-2.87)SM (for 110-150GeV)

(1.61-1.78)SM (for 115-130GeV)
mH =114-115GeV
mH =135-136GeV
Observed excess at mH=126GeV

w/o LEE : 2.8
w/
LEE : 1.5
(LEE : look-elsewhere effect)

-1
Search for the Fermiophobic H (with 1.08fb )

-1
(Results with the full 4.9fb sample has not been released.)
Expected exclusion : mH = 110-116GeV
Observed exclusion :
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
mH = 110-111GeV, 113.5-117.5GeV
22
Future prospects for SM H
search
Improvement of analysis sensitivity

Multivariate technique for photon-ID selection
Exclusive analysis (H+0/1/2 jets)
etc.
2012 run at LHC

Expected to obtain 15fb
s : 8TeV
-1
(or more?).
(The x-sec for Higgs production will increase

by 30%, as compared with the case of s =7TeV. )
Prospects for SM H
search in 2012
Exclusion is possible in complete region for 110< mH <130GeV.

By combining with the results from other analysis channels
(HWW, ZZ, tautau etc.) and/or CMS result, it is expected to
obtain the answer to the question if the SM Higgs boson
does or does not exist.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
23
Backup
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
24
(Backup1) SM H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
25
Backgrounds
Irreducible background (
Born
Brems
Box
Reducible background ( +jet, di-jet)

+jet
di-jet
Drell-Yan (Zee) Very small contribution
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
26
LAr electromagnetic calorimeter

EM calorimeter consists of 3 layers.
Strip (1st layer)
Back (3rd layer)
Middle (2nd layer)
ATLAS detector
EM calorimeter
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
EM calorimeter
27
Photon reconstruction
pi0/ separation
Longitudinal segmentation
Pre-sampler (in ||<1.8)
Strip (S1)
Middle (S2)
Back (S3)
Lateral segmentation
Shower shape variables in S1 and S2
(S1 : Very fine granularity in )
Photon-ID selection with cut-based technique
Isolation cut
Requirement : ET<5GeV inside a cone R<0.4 around cluster
Energy is corrected for :
lateral shower leakage
Underlying event and pile-up contribution
28
E scale
Understood from Zee.
Energy scale at m(Z) known to 0.5%.
Linearity :
better than 1%
Uniformity
(Constant term of resolution) :
1%(barrel) - 1.7%(endcap)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
Zee peak
29
(eta, conv)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
30
To improve sensitivity, data sample
is divided into 9 categories with
different S/B and M(

9 categories based on conversion status, and pT,t
) resolution.
(a) Based on and conversion (5 categories)

Both photons unconverted
Central
Rest
At least one photon converted
Central
Transition
Rest
(b) Based on pT,t ( 5 9 categories )

pT,t : pT-thrust
Central and Rest categories are divided into Low-pT,t and High-pT,t.
(Transition category is not divided.)
pT,t is the transverse component of

pT() with respect to the thrust axis.
Thrust axis
r
t
r
r
pT ( 1 ) pT ( 2 )
pT,t
pT,t has more discriminative power

31
than pT().
# of selected events in each category

-1
(4.9fb , 100<M()<160GeV)
(Total : 22489evts)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
32
M() spectrum after the event selection

-1
(data, 4.9fb , 100<M(
)<160GeV)
# of selected evts : 22489

Red solid line :
Background description
Sum of the fit result
(single exponential)
in each of 9 categories
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
33
Background decomposition
Data-driven BG decomposition
(for , +jets and di-jet)
Using ABCD method (i.e. A=B*C/D), # of
fake photons in tight-isolated region can be checked.
This method is applied to 1st and 2nd photons iteratively.
Zee
Control sample : e events
Z(ee) with one electron faking as photon
Result
Contribution from irreducible BG (
is dominant. (Fraction = 71% )

Estimated result is consistent with
the predicted one from theory and MC.
Very small contribution from Zee.
(<1%)
34
Signal MC
Process
ggF, VBF, WH/ZH, ttH
x-sec
ggF, VBF, WH/ZH : NNLO
ttH : NLO
Generator
ggF, VBF : POWHEG
WH/ZH, ttH : Pythia
Branching ratio : HDECAY
Correction to MC samples
Pileup reweighting
Reweighting for longitudinal beam spot distribution
(Z(data)=5.6cm)
Photon ID variables (shifted to match data)
Energy smearing (Understood from Zee)
Isolation variable (for lateral shower leakage, UE , pile-up)
ggF :
Reweighting for pT( ) distribution to match

the one with HqT.
# of ggF events : Corrected by considering the interference
with gg (BG).
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
35
Signal modeling
Peak shape modeling
Function :
Crystal-ball + Gaussian
Global fit model :

Simultaneous fit is done for all of mass points in each category
to extract the best values of all parameters.
Width and position of the peak depend on mH linearly.
The other parameters : constant (not depending on mH)
Result of global fit
inclusive
( m H=120GeV)
Peak resolution
(for m H =120GeV)
CB(GeV)
inclusive
1.7
Best category
(unconv central)
1.4
Worst category
(conv transition)
2.3
36
-1
# of signal events in each category (4.9fb )
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
37
Systematics
(i) # of signal events
x-sec : +15%/-11%
(pdf and scale variations)
photon-ID eff. : 11%
(from comparison between data and MC)

(material effect)
Pileup effect on photon-ID : 4%

Iso-cut eff. : 5%
(Understood from Zee)
Luminosity
Luminosity : 3.9%
3.9%
Trigger : 1%
Higgs pT modeling : 1%
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
(Diff between HqT and Resbos)
38
Systematics
(ii) Resolution of signal peak
Cluster energy resolution : 12%
(Constant term)
Energy calibration : 6%
(Extrapolation from electron energy

measurements) (Material effect)
Pileup
Pileup : 3%
3%
(Pileup noise impact on cluster energy)
Resolution of photon-angle measurement : 1%

(pointing)
(Studied with z between two photons)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
39
Systematics
(iii) Uncertainty due to event migration among the categories
Uncertainty on # of signal events in the category is also defined.
Between converted/unconverted
categories : 4.5% (for unconv-bin)
(Comparing #evts fraction with low and high pileup condition.)
(Material effect)
Between
Between high and low pT,t categories :
8%
8% (for high pT,t-bin)
(Scale variation in HqT)

(photon energy scale uncertainty)
(iv) Uncertainty due to BG modeling

See the following slides.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
40
Uncertainty due to BG modeling
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
41
BG modeling (detail)
In H
analysis, the background shape is modeled by
single-exponential function.
There can be intrinsic difference between the true background
shape and the chosen background model (= exponential).
Reliability of our BG model needs to be checked.
(Check 1) Use of another function

Modeling is also cross-checked with another functions.
(2nd order Bernstein polynomial etc.)
No large difference found for sensitivity.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
42
(Check2) Difference between the exponential model

and the true background shape
(= residual)
It is checked by using parton-level

generator(RESBOS,
process).
Integrated the residual in a sliding

window (2GeV) over the search
range of 110-150GeV.
Largest integrated residual is

regarded as sys error.
Uncertainty on # of signal events due to BG modeling
(in each of 9 categories)
43
Limit calculation on H
Profile likelihood ratio method is used.
(Limit setting is done with CLS.)
Unbinned maximum likelihood fit is performed simultaneously
in 9 categories.
Signal parameters : fixed
BG parameters : free
# of nuissance parameters = 31
( See the next page.)
PDF for (S+B)-fit
pdf
nsignal ( ) f s
spr
fs
nb f b
BG term
Signal model
(Defined by MC)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
spr
Signal term which is produced by

the bias due to BG modeling.
44
List of nuissance parameters
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
45
p0 calculation with alternative

BG model
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
46
p0 calculation with alternative BG model

Two alternatives have been also tried for BG modeling.
(i) Hybrid model
High pT,t category : Bernstein
Others : Exponential
(ii) Bernstein-only model
Using Bernstein in all categories.
Uncertainties due to BG modeling
The values when using single exponential are
set to be zero or doubled.
Photon energy scale uncertainty of 0.5%
is introduced in the likelihood fits.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
47
Result for p0-value
(with alternative BG models)

The obtained results are quite
to the nominal one.
The largest change in the
observed significance at
mH =126GeV is
0.16 standard deviations.
p0-value for the 126GeV excess

nominal
Hybrid
Bernstein-only
Local p0
0.27%(2.8)
0.38%(2.7)
0.25%(2.8)
Global p0
6.5%(1.5)
8.9%(1.3)
6.0%(1.5)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
48
Combined result for SM Higgs boson in ATLAS
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
49
Combined result for SM Higgs boson in ATLAS
Excluded region (at 95% C.L.)

112.7< mH <115.5GeV
131< mH <453GeV (except for 237-251GeV)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
50
(Backup2) Fermiophobic H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
51
Search for the Fermiophobic Higgs boson

Fermiophobic benchmark scenario
Higgs does not couple to fermions
but couples only to bosons.
Production mechanism
ggF is gone.
VBF and VH become dominant.
Branching fraction
in Fermiophobic
scenario
Br(H ) is strongly enhanced

in the low mass range.
(SM)
( mH <120-125GeV)
(SM)
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
52
Search for the Fermiophobic Higgs boson at ATLAS (H
-1
Using 1.08fb
Analysis entirely based on the SM analysis (SM H
search)
Two isolated photons with pT>40 and 25GeV

M(
) reconstruction :
Using calo pointing / conv vertex
Some differences w.r.t. SM analysis

3 categories with pT(
pT(
)<50GeV /
):
50<pT(
)<100GeV / pT(
)>100GeV
BG model :
pT(
) categorization distort the M(
(especially for pT(
) spectrum
)>100GeV category).
BG is modeled by 2nd order polynomial (Bernstein basis)

instead of single-exponential.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
53
M(
) spectrum (100<M( )<160GeV)
low pT(
middle pT(
high pT(
Sensitivity becomes higher in higher-pT category.
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
54
Systematics
Most of the uncertainties are the same as for SM analysis
except for :
Theory : 9%
BG modeling :
6.5evts (low pT(
))
2.2evts (middle pT(

0.65evts (high pT(
Migration :
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
))
))
2% between low-pT and high-pT categories
55
Exclusion limit
Exclusion limit w.r.t the prediction (95%C.L.)
Expected exclusion :
mH =110-116GeV
Observed exclusion :
mH = 110-111GeV,
113.5-117.5GeV
Limits from LEP, Tevatron and CMS

LEP combination (H
) : mH <109GeV excluded.
Tevatron combination (H
CMS (H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
):
, HWW) :
mH <119GeV excluded.
mH <113GeV excluded.
56
public results
https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic/HiggsPublicResults
(1) Search for the Standard Model(SM) H
(2) Search for the Fermiophobic H
Taiki Yamamura
(Univ. of Tokyo)
57

Higgs Two Photons ATLAS - Yamamura 12

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Higgs Two Photons ATLAS - Yamamura 12

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Higgs Boson Searches in the two photon

decay channel at ATLAS

On behalf of the ATLAS collaboration

Data-taking in 2011 at ATLAS

Peak lumi : 3.6510 /cm /s

5.25fb recorded in ATLAS

Mean # of interactions per crossing

effect (both in-time & out-of-time)

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

(1) Search for the Standard Model(SM) H

with 4.9fb (= full dataset of 2011)

(2) Search for the Fermiophobic H with 1.08fb

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

(1) Search for the SM H

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

Search for the SM H

is the most sensitive

channel in the low mass range.

Small branching ratio, but large event

yield due to high selection efficiency.

(Signature : events with

becomes a promising channel

with high sensitivity.

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

Zee(DY) ( very small contribution)

E1 [E2] Energy of 1st [2nd ] photon

For the precise reconstruction, careful understandings

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

Energy calibration & resolution

(Tuned by beam-test result)

After MC-based calibration,

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

Vertex reconstruction (z-vertex)

Vertex position is measured by

1st + 2nd layer of EM calorimeter

(i) Measure photon-direction.

1st layer of EM calorimeter

(ii) z of primary vertex

peak with various conditions for pile-up

) resolution also becomes

stable against pile-up effect.

Diphoton event candidate

(Selection based on the cluster shape

To improve sensitivity, data sample

is divided into 9 categories with

(a) Conversion- categories

At least one photon converted

(b) pT,t categories ( 5 9 categories )

pT,t has more discriminative power

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

(For details, see backup slide.)

Background decomposition (data-driven)

+DY, +jets and di-jet is performed

Enriched with Zee where one electron

is dominant. (Fraction = 71% )

) spectrum in each category

As for the reliability of choosing exponential as the fit func.,

High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 4th International workshop

Signal MC (ggF, VBF, WH/ZH, ttH)

Samples are available at 11 mass points.

mass points in each category.

Nsig 70evts (for m H =110-125GeV)

Summary of sys errors