Angularity

Angularity tolerance allows the designer to specify the degree to which the orientation of an angled
part feature may vary. The angularity symbol is often used to insure that the part can properly mate
with another.

Rule: "This axis must lie within two planes 0.5 apart, the planes inclined 60 to surface A".

Perpendicularity
Perpendicularity tolerance allows the designer to specify the degree to which the orientation of a
right-angled part feature may vary. The perpendicularity symbol is often used on a drawing to ensure
that mating features can be assembled. In most cases, the perpendicularity symbol is applied to
a feature-of-size (FOS) with its base dimension. The tolerance zone is created perpendicular to the
specified datum, and a part feature, axis, or center plane must lie within it.

Rule:
apart".

"This axis must lie between two planes perpendicular to the surface at A and spaced 0.1

Cylindricity
Cylindricity tolerance is used when cylindrical part features must have
good circularity and straightness, like pins or camshafts. While circularity applies only to cross
sections, cylindricity applies simultaneously to the entire surface. Since cylindricity is applied to an
individual surface, this tolerance does not need to be related to a datum.
Rule: "This surface must lie between two concentric cylinders spaced 0.2 apart"

Runout
Runout tolerance is used to control the location of a circular part feature relative to its axis. This is
different than circularity, which controls overall roundness. Runout is usually applied to parts with
circular cross sections that must be assembled like drill bits, segmented shafts, or machine tool
components. Runout helps to limit the axis offset of two parts to ensure they can spin and wear
evenly.
Rule: "Each circular element of this surface must have full indicator movement (FIM) of less than 0.1
relative to datum A".

Total Runout
Total runout is a complex tolerance that controls a feature's straightness, profile, angularity, and
other geometric variation. Total runout is different than runout because it applies to an entire surface
simultaneously instead of individual circular elements.
Rule: "This entire surface must have full indicator movement (FIM) of less than 0.1 relative
to datum A".

Parallelism
Parallelism tolerance allows the designer to specify the degree to which a feature's orientation may
vary with respect to its referenced datum by creating a tolerance zone parallel to that datum
Rule: "This axis must lie between two planes parallel to the axis A and spaced 0.3 apart

Position
Position is a versatile tolerance that can be used to control location, coaxiality, orientation or axis
offset of a part feature or axis. Position tolerance is generally applied to features important to
assembly like holes or slots, and it is often included when performing a tolerance stack.
Rule: "Relative to datums A, B, and C, the position of these hole centers shall lie within a cylindrical
tolerance zone of diameter 0.3".

Straightness
Straightness tolerance specifies a tolerance zone within which the line element of a feature must
lie. Since straightness is applied to an individual feature, this tolerance does not need to be related to
a datum.
Rule: The top and bottom of the cylinder must lie between two parallel planes 0.02 apart".

Concentricity
Concentricity is a complex tolerance used to establish a tolerance zone for the median points of a
cylindrical or spherical part feature. Concentricity is generally reserved for high-precision parts, and
only when there is a need to control median points.
Rule: "Relative to datum A, all median points of opposing elements on this cylindrical surface must lie
within a cylindrical tolerance zone of 0.5"

Flatness
Flatness tolerance defines a zone between two parallel planes within which a surface must lie. Since
flatness is applied to an individual surface, this tolerance does not need to be related to a datum.
Flatness is usually used on a surface associated with a size dimension, acting as a refinement to the
size requirement to ensure proper function of a part, or to promote even wear. Flatness tolerance
applies in all drawing views, not just the view showing the tolerance callout.
Rule: "This surface must lie between two parallel planes spaced 0.2 apart in all views."

Symmetry
Symmetry tolerance establishes a tolerance zone for the median points of non-cylindrical
part features. This tolerance is similar to concentricity, and the verification of symmetry tolerance is
likewise time-consuming and difficult. It is generally recommended that position, parallelism,
or straightness be used in lieu of symmetry tolerance.
Rule: "The median points of these opposing surfaces must be symmetric about datum axis A within a
tolerance zone of 0.7"

Circularity
Circularity tolerance is used to control the roundness of circular parts or features. Some examples
of circular features include cylinders, spheres, and cones. Sometimes circular surfaces are used for
moving parts such as ball bearings or spools, in which case circularity helps ensure these parts move
smoothly and wear evenly. Because circularity is applied to an individual surface, this tolerance does
not need to be related to a datum.
Rule: "each circular cross section of this cylinder must lie between two concentric circles spaced 0.25
apart"