TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. Contents

Page No.

Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF PROJECT

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Open loop system

1.1.2 Closed loop system

1.2 Problem statement

1.3 projects objective

1.4 Implementation of project

1.5 Project Outline

Chapter 2

LITRATURE REVIEW

2.1 History of PLC

2.2 What is a PLC?

2.2.1 Basic parts of PLC

2.2.2 Processors module

10

2.2.3 Output modules

12

2.2.4 Addressing scheme

12

2.2.5 Programming unit

13

2.3 Communications in PLC

13

2.4 Operation of PLC

13

2.5 Ladder Logic

14

2.5.1 Ladder Logic Inputs

15

2.3.2 Ladder Logic Outputs

16

2.4 Programming

16

2.5 Operation of PLC

17
1

Chapter 3

20

METHODOLOGY

20

3.1 Project Overview

20

Chapter 4

21

AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING SYSTEM USING PLC

21

4.1 Components / Instruments used

21

4.1.1 Dc motor

21

4.1.2 Limit switch

21

4.1.3 Filling level inspection

21

4.1.4 Linear actuators

23

4.1.5 Conveyer Belts

23

4.2 Sequence of operation conveyor System 1

24

4.3 Sequence of operation for conveyor System 2

28

4.4 Programming

31

4.4.1 Conveyor System Flow Chart:

32

Chapter 5

34

RESULTS AND FUTURE SCOPE

34

5.1 Results and Discussions

34

5.2 Future Scope & Recommendation

34

Chapter 6

35

6.1 Conclusion

35

6.2 Recommendation

35

REFERENCES

36

APPENDIX

37

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name

Page No.

Figure 1.1 Open Loop System

Figure 1.2 Closed loop control system

Figure 1.3 Flow Chart of Implementation of Project

Figure 1.4 Project Flow Chart

Figure 2.1 PLC conceptual application digram

Figure 2.2 Basic parts of PLC

10

Figure 2.3 Ladder logic inputs

16

Figure 2.4 A Simple Ladder Logic Diagram

17

Figure 2.5 Operation of PLC

18

Figure 3.1 Implementation of project block diagram

20

Figure 4.1 limit switches

21

Figure 4.2 Weight balance

22

Figure 4.3 end arrangement of conveyer belt 1

25

Figure 4.4 main component of filing system

26

Figure 4.5 schematic of the weighing mechanism arrangement

27

Figure 4.6 Arrangement of the main components of the capping system.

27

Figure 4.7 end arrangement at conveyer belt 2

29

Figure 4.8 grippers and round track arrangement

30

Figure 4.9 gripper, liquid filling and cap fitting mechanisms, and balance arrangement

31

Figure 4.10 Conveyor System Flow Chart 1

32

Figure 4.11 Conveyor System Flow Chart 2

33

ABSTRACT
A PLC is a digital computer used to automate electromechanical processes. This research is
based on automation of a water tank by using Siemens PLC. Automatic control of water tanks
can work continuously and can provide accurate quantity of water in less time. In such process
there is no need of labor so there is no human error. Without human error, the quality of product
is better and the cost of production would definitely decrease with no error in quantity required.
Water level sensing can be implemented in industrial plants, commercial use and even at home
Keywords- Programmable Logic Controller, concrete plant, automatic control, I/O: Input Output
Devices, Proximity sensor, water tank