World History Project

Leading 18th-century French writer Count Mirabeau had once said the Saint-Domingue whites "slept
at the foot of Vesuvius",[
Guillaume Raynal attacked slavery in the 1780 edition of his history of European colonization. He also
predicted a general slave revolt in the colonies, saying that there were signs of "the impending storm".
[19
SHOT 1..Hi my name is Court Manske and today we will be talking about the Haitian
Revolution.
Haiti is located on the island of hispanola "discovered" by columbus on his first voyage in 1492.
there he set up a colony called la navidad.
Upon his return to the colony everyone was dead because the Natives didn't take to kindly to
outside visitors, a trend that will continue.

Play intro
SHOT 2

After the spanish found out their was no gold on hispanola, and there
were mountains of silver the aztecs and Inca they kept the colony of
santo domingo, but lost some interest.
SHOT 3.

Although Hispaniola never realized its economic potential under Spanish

rule, it remained strategically important as the gateway to the
Caribbean.
SHOT 4.

The Caribbean region provided the opportunity for seafarers from

Britain, France, and the Netherlands to impede Spanish shipping and
rob their ships that were crammed with gold.

SHOT 5.
Aside from the spanish interest in the colony the french also
saw opportunity to produce sugar.
France and spain would continue to argue over the island until 1697
when they signed the Treaty of Ryswick.
the treaty of Ryswick divided the island with the western side under
spanish rule and the eastern side under the french. After this agreement
french colonists swarmed the french portion of the island, then
called Saint-Domingue,
hoping to establish sugar plantations.
By 1789, approximately 40,000 French colonists lived on the western part of the island. for every
french colonist there were at least ten other slaves. The french will later find out that when your on an
island outnumbered by people whom you enslave that it doesn't really work out too well.
by 1790 the french portion of the island outshone its eastern counterpart economically due to its
production of sugar, coffee, and indigo.Saint-Domingue has been described as one of the most brutally
efficient slave colonies; one-third of newly imported Africans died within a few years. Many slaves
died quickly from tropical diseases, smallpox, and typhoid. Some women were suspected of abortions
and infanticide to keep children from growing up in slavery.
Many french abused and raped african slaves forming a new mixed race known as mulattos. These
mulattos and a small few freed africans were allowed to learn to read and write in Creole, a language
that was a mix between french and western african languages.
In 1789 a group of die-hard french singers built some barricades and with the help of cat woman and
defeated the gladiator and won the french revolution. that brings us to our open letter. an open letter to
revolutions, but first lets see what's in the secret compartment.
Dear revolutions,
you sound so awesome. When people are angry at their government, the people embrace you and you
help them fight. You're like alexander the great, really good at conquering things, but the ideals that you
fight for usually die while revolting. Back in your American/French stage you said all men are created

equal, but when it came to governing it was more all people are created equal, wink wink nudge nudge,
unless you make us money. That doesn't mean you are all bad, you have done plenty of good jobs.
One of the most successful black commanders was Toussaint L'Ouverture, a self-educated former
slave. Having made himself master of the island, Toussaint did not wish to surrender too much power
to France. He began to rule the country as an effectively autonomous entity. In addition, he led an
invasion of neighboring Santo Domingo , and freed the slaves there on January 3, 1801.
In 1801, L'Ouverture issued a constitution for Saint-Domingue which provided for autonomy and
decreed that he would be governor-for-life, calling for black autonomy and a sovereign black state. In
response, Napoleon Bonaparte dispatched a large military forceof French soldiers and warships to the
island, led by Bonaparte's brother-in-law Charles Leclerc They were under secret instructions to restore
slavery.

The french tricked L'Ouverture by promising his freedom if he joined the french side so he gladly
accepted and was killed.
after napoleons reconquering of the island it was apparent that slavery would be reinstated. Also having
sold the louisiana territory he was growing increasingly bored with the western hemisphere.
black cultivators revolted in the summer of 1802. Dessalines and Ption remained allied with France
until they switched sides again, in October 1802, and fought against the French. In November Leclerc
died of yellow fever, like much of his army.
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allowed
alowed

Thought bubble

The French Revolution led to many changes in French society and politics,
one being the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Led by the National
Assembly, this document, aside from listing human rights that were given
to the French populace, also declared all men equal. Racism, which was a
core idea in culture at the time, coupled with the massive demand of
coffee and sugar from Europe, gave the idea of secession to the white
slave owners. This independence from France would have permitted the
slave owners to treat the slaves in an even inferior manner. Angered by
this plan, the slaves allied with the mulattos and revolted against the
whites in 1791. The revolting masses had a huge advantage over the
whites, outnumbering them 10 to 1. By 1792, the slaves had control of over
1/3 of the island, finally signaling France that they were a force to be
reckoned with. Fearing loss of control over Saint Domingue, the National
Assembly gave political rights to free slaves and dispatched 6000 French
soldiers. The Spanish, seizing this opportunity, invaded the island and
were joined by the slaves in the midst of their revolution, who in return
were given weapons, medicine, military advisors and food. The National
Convention fully recognized the threat that rebelling slaves posed against
their colonies. They abolished slavery completely, and granted civil and
political rights to all black men. The Battle of Vertires, which occurred the
18th of November of 1803, was the closing factor of the Haitian Revolution.

Having finally overthrown the white slave owners, the leader of the
Revolution, Jean Jacques Dessalines declared independence the 1st of
January, 1804