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1.-
d ( 2)
d ( 2 )=0
2.-
d (x 3)
Sustituir d (x +dx )
d (x 3)
( ( x+ dx )+ 3 )x3
d (x 3)
dx
3.-
d ( x 2 5)
'
d ( f ( x ) )=f ( x ) dx
d ( x 2 5)
4.-
( ( 2 ) ( x 21) + 0 ) dx
d (x3 4x 2 )
'
f ( x )=f ( x ) dx
d
d ( x 2 5)
(2 x )(dx )
d ( x2 +5 ) =2 x dx
d (x 3 4x 2 ) d (x 3 4x 2 )
21
4x
( 3 ) ( x3 1 ) + ( 2 ) ( )
( 3 x 2+ 8 x ) ( dx )
5.-
d ( x 3 * x 1 )
d ( x2 +5 x3 ) =
x 11
( 2 ) ( x 21 ) +5()3
2
d ( x + 5 x3 )=
2
d ( x +5 x3 ) =(2 x +5) dx
6.-
x2 6
d(
)
3x 1
f (x)=
g( x )
g ' ( x )h ( x)g ( x) h ' ( x )
f ' ( x)=
2
h ( x)
h ( x)
x2 6
d(
)
3x 1
2
x +6
3 x1
3 x1
( 2 x )( 3 x1 )( x 2+ 6)(3)
7.-
6 x 2 x3 x 18
dx
9 x 26 x +1
d ( Sen (8 x))
d ( Sen (8 x))
8.-
cos 8 x (8)
8x
dx
8 cos ()
d (e 5 x )
d (e 5x )
5x
(e )(5)
du
)
dx
dy
dx
d (e 5x )
9.-
5x
5e
d (Cos(10 x 2 ))
'
f ( x )=cos u f ( x )=sen u(
d (Cos(10 x 2 ))
du
)
dx
(sen ( 10 x 2 ) ) ( 20 x )
d (Cos(10 x 2 ))
20 x sen 10 x 2
d ( 7x3 9x 2 )
10.-
1
2 2
1
2 2
( 7 x 3+ 9 x ) = 1 ( 7 x 3 +9 x ) ( 2 1 x 2 +18 x )
2
1
2 2
(7 x + 9 x ) =
2 1 x +18 x
3
1
2 2
2 ( 7 x +9 x )
(dx )
TAREA #2
Encuentre las siguientes integrales por el mtodo del lmite y sumatorias
1
1 ( 2 x+ 3 ) dx
0
x=
ba
n
x=
10 1
=
n
n
xi=a+i x
xi=0+i x=0+i
( 1n )= ni
f ( xi )=2
( ni )+ 3= 2in +3
f ( xi ) x=
n
i=1
2i 3
2
3
2 n ( n+1 ) 3
2 n2 +2 n 3 n
+
=
i
+
1=
+
(n)=
+
n2 2
n
n
n2 n n2 i=1 n i=1
2n 2
()
2 n2 +2 n 3 n
+
n
2n 2
4 n+ 2 3
4
+ = +3=1+3=4
4n
1
4
(
)
lim =lim
Ejercicio 2
( x +2 )2 dx
3
x=
ba
n
x=
43 1
=
n
n
xi=3+i x=3+i
xi=a+i x
2
[( ) ] ( ) [ ( ) ]
f ( xi )= 3+
i=1
[ ( )] ( )
i
i 2
i
i
i 2
4i
6 i i2
4i
+ 2 = 3+ + 2 3+ ( 2 ) + ( 2 )2 =( 3 )2+ 2 (3 )
+
+12+ + 4=9+ + 2 +12+ +4=25+
n
n
n
n
n
n
n n
n
f ( xi ) x= 25+
10 i i 2
+
n n2
)( )
20 n+10 6 n 2+ 4 n 25
12 n
20
12
1 91
1
+
+ = lim
+25+ =25+5+ =25+5+ = 30
2
4n
1
36
n
4
36
3
3
3
n
18 n
( )
25 n 10 n 2+10 n 2 n3+ 2n 2
+
+
]=lim
n
n
2 n2
6 n3
lim
n
2
0
3.-
1 25 10 i i2
= + 2 + 3
n
n n n
3
25 10 i i
25
10
1
25
10 n ( n+1 ) 1 n ( n+1 ) ( 2n ) 25 n 10 n +10 n 2 n +
+ 2 + 3 = 1+ 2 i+ 3 i2 = n+ 2
+ 3
=
+
+
2
n n
n i=1
n
2
6
n
n
n i=1 n i=1
n
n
2n
6n
( 1n )=3+ ni
Sen( x )
cos
(cos 0 )=
2
2
0
Se realiz investigacin pero solamente se encontr integral para Coseno, para seno
se manej por integral definida por sustitucin.
cosx
a
Tenemos que
integrable
en
intervalo.
Necesitamos
calcular
[a ,b ] , por lo que es
la
suma
parcial
Sn=Pni= f (i) xi
i=1
, donde
uno de los subintervalos en que dividiremos el dominio de integracin. As, para cada i,
obtendremos el rea del rectngulo de base xi y altura f (i) . Entonces, para
este caso, procedemos a hacer la particin de
[a ,b ]
en progresin aritmtica, de
modo que:
Encuentre el rea de las regiones sombreadas en cada uno de los ejercicios por el
mtodo del lmite de sumatorias.
5
4.
( x2 ) dx
2
x=
ba
n
x=
xi=a+i x
52 3
=
n
n
xi=2+i x=2+i
[ ][ ]
3i 3 9i
f ( xi ) x=
=
n n n2
18 n+9
18 9
= = 4.5
4n
4 2
2
9 n +9 n
[
]=lim
n
2 n2
lim
n
i=1
( 3n )=2+ 3ni
[ ]
[( ) ]
f ( xi )= 2+
3i
3i
2 =
n
n
2
9i
9
9 n ( n+1 ) 9 n + 9 n
= 2 i= 2
=
2
2
n
n i=1
n
2 n2
( x2 )2 dx
5.
x=
ba
n
x=
xi=a+i x
40 4
=
n
n
xi=0+i x=0+i
( 4n )= 4ni
[( ) ] ( ) [ ( ) ]
4i
4i 2
4i
16 i 2 16 i
f ( xi )=
2 =
+2
(2 ) +(2)2= 2
+4
n
n
n
n
n
][ ]
16 i 16 i
4 64 i 64 i 16
f ( xi ) x= 2
+4
= 3 2 +
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
i=1
64 i 64 i 16 64
64
16
64 n ( n+1 ) ( 2 n ) 64 n ( n+1 ) 16
128 n +128 n 64
2 +
= 3 i2 2 i + 1= 3
2
+ n=
3
3
n
n i=1
6
2
n
n
n
n i=1
n i=1
n
n
6n
[ ]
+ = lim
+16=
32+ 16= 16= 5
2
4n
1
4
36
3
3
3
n 36 n
18 n
3
2
2
128 n +128 n 64 n +64 n 16 n
[
+
]=lim
n
n
6 n3
2 n2
lim
n
f ( x )=( x +2 ) ( x 1 )( x3 )
x
( 32 x 5 x +6 ) dx
2
3.-
x=
ba
n
x=
31 2
=
n
n
xi=a+i x
x i=1+i
( 2n )
1+
2i
n
f ( x )=(x2 + x2) ( x3 )
f ( x i )= 1+
2i
2i
2i
2 1+
5 1+
+6
n
n
n
) (
( 1 ) +3 ( 1 )
) (
( ) ( )]
2i
2 i 2 2i
+ 3 (1 )
+
n
n
n
( )
2
2 ( 1 ) + 2 ( 1 )
( ) ( ) ]5 10n i +6
2i
2i
+
n
n
6 i 12 i 8i
4i 4 i
10i
1+ + 2 + 3 2 1+ + 2 5
+6
n
n n
n
n
n
6 i 12 i2 8i 3
8 i 8i 2
10 i
1+ + 2 + 3 2 2 5
+6
n
n
n
n
n
n
f ( x i ) x=
i=1
12 i 4 i 2 8 i 3
+ 2+ 3
n
n
n
24 i 8 i 2 16 i 3
+ 3+ 4
n2
n
n
)( )
2
n
12 i 4 i 2 8 i 3
+ 2+ 3
n
n
n
24 i 8 i 2 16 i 3
+ 3+ 4
2
n
n
n
n
24
8
16
i+ 3 i 2+ 4 i3
2
n i=1 n i=1
n i=1
2
2
24 n ( n+1 ) 8 n ( n+1 ) ( 2 n+1 ) 16 n ( n+1 )
2
+ 3
+ 4
2
6
4
n
n
n
2
2
12 n12 8 ( 2n +3 n+1 ) 4 ( n +2 n+1 )
+
+
2
2
n
6n
n
12 32 n+24 8 n
+
+
1
12 n
2n
12 32 8
+ +
1
12 2
12+
16
+4
6
32
6
+
+
n
6 n2
n2
63 32
+
4 6
189+64
1
=21
12
12
Problemas propuestos
1.
x
+c
2
x dx =
x5
x dx= +c
5
3.
6 xdx =
5.-
6 x 2
=3 x 2+ c
2
4x4 4
=x + c
4
4 x 3 xdx=
7.-
6 x6 6
=x + c
6
6 x 5 dx=
9.-
7 nx 3
7 n x dx=
+c
3
11.
2
c2 x 4
+c
4
c 2 x 3 dx=
13.-
3 x 2
3 x
2
3 x 2
dx=
=
+c
2
2
4
1
15.
17.-
3x
3
=
+x
1
x
3 x2 dx=
1
x
2
1 3 2
x
1
19. x =
=
=
+c
2
2
4 4 x 2
1
3 x 32
3
1
2
1
6
x
21. 3 x 2 dx=
=
=2 x 3 +c
3
2
2
1
5
z 65 5 z 6 /5
23. z dz=
=
+c
6
6
5
25 x dx=x 1/ 2=
x3 /2 2 x 3 /2
=
+c
3
3
2
27 4 x 3 dx =4 x 3 dx =
29
2
u3/ 2 2u 3/ 2
u du= =
3
3
3
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
( )( )
x
2x
=
5
5
2
4 8x
=
+c
1
5
2 4 u3/ 2
=
+c
3
9
( )( )
dx
x2
1
3
31 3 = x dx=
=
+c
2 2 x 2
x
33
35
3 dx
x 2
1
3
3
=
3
x
dx=3
x
dx=
=
3
2 2 x 2
x
)( 31 )= 23x +c
dx
x 1/ 2
1 /2
1/ 2
=
x
=
=2 x + c
1/ 2
1
x
2
1
( )(
4 du
u2
2u 2
37 3/ 2 = 4 u3 / 2 du=4 u 2 du=
=
1
1
u
2
39
mdt
3 2
= m t 2 /3 dt=m t 2 /3 dt =
1 /3
1
3
5
3
( )(
3t
1
4 8
= 1 +c
1
u2
m
=3 mt 1/ 3
1
2 dx
dx
= 2 =2 ln |x|+c
x
x
1
3
2 dx 2 dx 2
=
= ln| x|+ c
3x 3 x 3
adx
dx
=a =a ln |x|+c
x
x
dx
= ln |x|+ x
x
b 2 dx
7
=b 2
x
Casos especiales:
dx
= ln|1x|
1x
1
ln|1x|
dx
=ln |a3 x|
a3 x
3
Al derivar nos damos cuenta que nos sobrauntres asi que agregamos un tercio
1
ln|a3 x|+c
3
4 xdx
= ln |23 x 2|
2
23 x
5
( t 1 ) dx
= ln |3 t 26 t|
2
7 3 t 6 t
4
2
ln |23 x 2|= ln|23 x 2|+c
6
3
1
ln |3 t 26 t|
6
( 4 x3 +3 x 2+ 2 x +5 ) dx=
1
4 x 3 +3 x 2+2 x +5 dx=
4x
+
4
x 4 + x 3+ 5 x +c
x x
1 7 1 4
1
1
7 3
x + x +3 dx= x 8 dx+ x 4 dx +3 dx= + + 3 x
7
3
7
3
7 3
1 1
3
x8 x5
+ +3 x+ c
49 15
x
1 3
+8 x + 2
3
x x
() dx=
1
x 2 dx +8 xdx+ x1 dx +3 x 2
3
5
dx
|x|
3
x 8x
3
1
+
ln
2
2
1
1
x3
3
+ 4 x 2ln| x| +c
9
x
t 1 /2 dx
7
1
tdx+2 t 1 /2 dx=
2
1
2
t t+ dt=
2 t
t
1 /2
t
2 2t
+
3
2
1
2
1
2
3 /2
2 t3 1 2
t + 4 t+ c
3
4
v 1 +3 v 25 v
v 25 v=
9 dv= v1 +3
ln |v|+
3 v1 5 v 2 '
=
1
2
3 5
ln |v| v 2+ c
v 2
Caso Especial:
Para integrar un polinomio que est afectado de cierta operacin indicada, deber
primeramente realizarse la operacin indicada y enseguida integrar el polinomio
resultante.
3 x 2 x dx=
x ( 3 x 22 ) dx=
1
3 4 2
x x +c
4
5
3 ( 1x 2 ) x dx= xx 2 =
x 3 /2 x 7 /2
3
7
2
2
2 x3 2 x 7
+c
3
7
5
3 x2 2 x2
x ( 3 x2 x +2 ) dx= 3 x 3/ 22 x2 x= 2
5
2
2
5
6 5 2 4 3
x x + 3 x + c
5
7
2 a x3 /2
ax
3
2
ax
2
4
3 x
ax
+
+c
3
2
2 a u3 u
9
x 36 x +5
dx=
x
11
3
3 x4
10
10
1
dx= 1
dx= 1 dx 10 (3 x+6) dx x ln|3 x +6|+ c
3 x+ 6
3 x+ 6
3
13
3x
3
1
dx= 3 x3
=3 x 3 dx3 ( x1 ) =
x1
( x1 )
15
3 2
x 3 x3 ln |x+ 1|+c
2
1 ( 2 x1 )2 2 dx=
6 ( 5 x+5 )3 5 dx=
( 2 x+1 )3
+c
3
6 ( 5 x +5 ) 4 3
= ( 5 x +5 )4 +c
4
2
3
3
3 x2 dx
3
( x 38 )
( x 38 )
2
( x 38 )
= =
1
2 ( x 3+ 8 )
+c
1/ 2
7
9
( 4 u1 )
4 du
= ( 4 u1 )1 /2=
1
4 u1
2
1 /2
2 4 u1+c
Casos especiales:
( 34 x )3
3
1
( )( )
2
1 ( 34 x ) dx=
( )(
3
( a+b t3 )
2 dt=
3
2
t
5
( 5 x 21 )
9 4 x
1
b
1
1
= ( 34 x ) +c
4
12
( a+bx ) 3
1
=
( a+bx )3 +c
3
3b
2
4
1
3 x dx=
+8 dx=
( )
( 5 x 21 )
3 /2
( )
( x3 + 8 )
3
2
( 103 )= 803 (5 x 1) +c
2
( 34 )= 89 ( x +8 ) + c
3
11 2u 5 u 1 du=
2
( 5 u21 )
3 /2
3
2
( 102 )= 203 (5 u 1) + c
3
(34 s 2)1/ 2 1 34 s 2
13
=
+c
1/ 2
1
8
4
( 34 s 2)
2
s ds
)(
1 /2
( 65 t 2 )
2t dt
15 3
=
1
65t 2
2
17
2 2
( x2 +6 x +5)
( x 2 +6 x +5)
1
dx=
dx=x
+c
2
2
x+ 3
( x+3 )
x +6 x+ 9
( 2 x +1 )
1
2
1
= 1( 2 x+ 1 ) dx=x
2
1
(2 x+ 1)
2
4 x +4 x
19
dx=
2
(2 x+ 1)
x+
1
+c
2 ( 2 x +1 )
1+ x1 /2 4
21
=
x 3 /2
1 3
1+
+c
x
)( )
1
=
2
Problemas propuestos:
3
(2 x+1)
+c
1) (2 x +1) 2 dx=
3
2
6 ( 5 x +5 ) 3
= (5 x +5 )4 + c
4
2
( x 38 )
3
( 3 )
( x 38 ) 3 x 2 dx= x 8 = 1
2
3 x2 dx
3
( x 38 )
( 2+3 t )3 /2
2 (2+ 3 t)3
=
3
2
2
7 3 2+3 t dt=3
( 2+3 t )1 /2=
( 4 u1 )
4 du
= ( 4 u1 )1 /2 =
1
4 u1
2
9
1 /2
=2 4 u1
Casos Especiales:
( 34 x )3 1 1
1 ( 34 x ) dx=
=
( 34 x )3+ c
3
4
12
3 ( a+bx ) dx=
( a+ bx )3 1
1
3
= ( a+bx ) + c
3
b 3b
5 t 2 (a+ b t 3 )2 dt=
( 5 x 21 )
9 4 x
)( )
)( )
(a+ b t 3 )3
3
3 3
1 (a+ bt )
+c
3
9b
)( )
4
)( )
2
1 ( 5 x 1 )
3 x dx=
2
4
+8 dx=
3
2
11 2u 5 u 1 du=
3
3 /2
( )
( x3 + 8 )
3 3
(5 x 21)4 +c
10 80
4 8 ( 3 )3
=
x +8 + c
3 9
()
( 5 u31 )
4 /3
4
3
( 152 ) 203 (5 u 1) + c
3
13
1
2 2
5 ds
1
2 2
( 34 s )
( )( )
= ( 34 s ) =
( 34 s 2 ) 2
1
2
2
5
3 3
=
( 65 t 2 ) +c
10 10
65 t 2
2 t dt
3
65 t
2 2/ 3
= ( 65 t )
( 65 t2 )
1
3
1 /3
(210 )=310
15
17
( x +3 )1
x 2 +6 x+ 6
3
1
dx
=
1
=x
=x
+c
2
2
1
x
+3
( x +3 )
( x +3 )
(2 x +1 )1 1
4 x2 + 4 x
1
1
19
dx= dx +
dx=x +
x+
+c
2
2
1
2
2 ( 2 x +1 )
( 2 x+ 1 )
( 2 x +1 )
21
1+ x1 /2 4
=
3
x 3 /2
1+
)( )
1 3
+c
x
a)
a)
6 x 3 3 x 2 dx=
1
a=6
v =x3
6 x3
+c
ln 6
mx dx=
3
a=m
v =x
mx
+c
ln m
5 ax dx=
a=m
v =x
ax
(2)
ln a
2 ax
+c
ln a
2
105 x 3 x dx=
7
a=10
v =5 x
( )( )
105 x
ln 10
3
10
3 105 x
+c
10 ln 10
4 x dx
3 x 1
= ( a ) 4 x dx=
3x
a
9
2
a=3 x 2
v =4 x
( 46 )( ln a1 a )
3x
2
+c
3 ln a a3 x
2
4r
11 3 e dr=
( 3 e 4 r ) 1 =
(4)
3 4r
e +c
4
x
13 a e 3 dx
x
3
( a e ) ( 31 )
3 ae x/ 3+ c
15 x e x dx=
2
( )( )
ex
2
2
ex
+c
2
2
=
1
3 d
3
=3 ( e ) d= + c
e
e
17
2+ 1
ln
5
5x
5x
( 2 e )5 x 25 x e 5 x
2 e
5x
5x
19 2 e dx=
=
=
ln 2 e ln 2+lne
ln 2+1
x
3
x
3
x
3
x
3
x
3
)( )
5x
1 2 e
=
5x
x
3
3
3
21 ( e e ) dx= e e =( e ) ( )( e ) ( )
1
1
x
3 e 3+ 3 e 3 + c
1
3x
1 ( e +4 )
1
23 3 x 2 = ( e + 4 ) e dx=
= 3x
+c
3
1
3 ( e + 4)
( e + 4)
e 3 x dx
3x
2 3 x
()
Las integrales a las que nos referiremos en este captulo estn dadas por las
siguientes expresiones:
sen v
sen v
sen v
dv=
dv=ln |cos v|+c
cos v
cos v
O bien:
v
ln 1ln sec =ln|sec v|
1
=
sec v
cos v =ln
ln
cos v
sec v +tg v
sec tg v+ sec 2
dv=
dv=ln |sec v +tg v|+c
sec v +tg v
sec v +tg v
vctg v
csc v ctg v +csc
dv=
csc v dv = csc v csc
csc vctg v
csc vctg v
Problemas Propuestos:
1)
tg x 3 x 2 dx=
1
1
tg x 3 3 x 2 dx=
ln |cos x 3|+ c
3
3
1
1
1
5 ctg 4 xdx= tg 4 xdx=
3
3
3
|sen e |= 2 ln|sen e |+ c
x
2
x
2
7 ctg e 2 e 2 dx=
( 21 ) ln
dy 1 2x
= e
dx 2
( 12 )ln
9 sec ( 32 x ) dx=
11 csc5 x 3 2 x 2 dx=
2 a csc
2
ln|csc 5 x 3ctg5 x 3|+c
15
2x
2x
2 5
3 dx=2 a csc
3 dx=
5
5
1 2
13
15 a ln csc
2x
2x
ctg
+c
5
5
sen x +cos x
dx= 1+ tan x dx= x + ln|sen x|+c
sen x
15
2do Caso:
s ec x
1 | | 1 | |
dx=
ln tg x = ln tg x +c
3 tg x
3
3
1
()
1
4
csc t ctg t
1
3
dt =
ln
54 csct
4
()
csc x ctg x
1
1
dx=
ln |ab csc x|= ln |ab csc x|+ c
ab csc x
b
b
5
()
3er. Caso:
Algunas veces para integrar fracciones que contienen en su denominador la
funcin trigonomtrica de una variable y en su numerador el diferencial de la
variable, para integrarse deber primeramente factorizarse como se indica en
los siguientes ejemplos, enseguida sustituirla por su identidad recproca y
despus aplicar la frmula de integracin correspondiente:
Problemas propuestos:
x
1
2 1
2
dx= tg8 x
ln|sen 8 x |+c
2
16
16
tg 8 x
a
cos by = ln |sec by +tg by|+c
b
a
a
3
dy=
cos by
b
2x
e
1
1
dx= tg e2 x = ln |sen e2 x|+ c
2x
2
2
tg e
5
dy 2 x
e =2 e 2 x
dx
pues
( 21 )( 51 ) sen 5 x= 25 Sen 5 x+ c
( 21 )( 1b ) sen 5 x= 2b sen ( 1bx )+ c
( )(
3 sen x
3 2 cos x
dx=3 sen x dx=
sen 5 x6 cos x +c
1
1
x
5
dy
1
x=
dx
2x
7 Sec 2
4x
3
dx=
3
4
( )( a1 ) Sec a x+ c 34 tg 43x +c
2
11
cos e y Ctg e y e y
dy=2Csc e y +c
y
dy
1
y=
dx
2 y
Caso Especial:
Para la integracin de algunas expresiones racionales trigonomtricas, cuyo
denominador es un binomio que no admite alguna sustitucin, deber multiplicarse
tanto el numerador como el denominador por el conjugado del denominador y
enseguida hacer las operaciones y sustituciones necesarias.
du
du
=
1cos u 1cos u
u
1+cos u
1+ cos u
1
cos u
cos u
1
=
=
=
+
= Csc u+ (
=
)( 1+1+ cos
)
)(
cos u 1cos u
sen u sen u )
se n u
sen u se n u
2
dx
du
=
1+ Sen2 x 1+ Sen2 x
2dv
1+ Sen
v
2
2 dv
1+ Sen
v
2
)(
2x
1Sen 2 x
1
sen 2 x
1
1
1
=
=
dx + (
dx= tg 2 x S
)( 1Sen
)(
)
1Sen 2 x ) 1Sen 2 x
cos
2
x
cos
2
x
2
2
c os 2 x
2
v
v
1Sen 2 dv
2
2
1
sen 2 x
=
= 2
dx +2
v
v
2 v
2v
1Sen
1S en
c os
cos
2
2
2
2
1Sen
se n n v cos v dv
v n dv
o bien
v
dx= 4 tg 4 Se
v
2
cos
2
)( )
cos n v v dv
sen
+c
2
2
sen ( a+ bx )
+c
2b
3
c os2 x (senx ) dx=
cos3 x
+c
3
( )( )(
3
3
c os 3 2 x sen 2 x dx
4
4
1
2
cos 4 2 x
3
= cos 4 2 x+ c
4
32
( )( )
1
1 sen
1
1
sen 2 x sen 3 x cos 3 x= cos 2 x
= cos 2 x sen 3 x+ c
2
3
2
2
6
( sen 2 xsen 3 x cos 3 x ) dx
9
3
1
2
2
3
cos 2 x ( 3sen 2 x ) dx 3 cos 2 x sen 2 x cos 2 x= sen 2 x sen 2 x+ c
2
6
11
Segundo Caso:
1
1 cos 3 4 x
2
2
2
(
)
(
)
se n 4 x dx= sen 4 x ( sen 4 x )= 1cos 4 x ( sen 4 x )= sen 4 x cos 4 x sen x= cos 4 x +
=
3
( 4 )(
1
2
1
5
3
5
3 se n x dx=cos x + co s cos x+ c
3
5
2
( sen2 x ) ( sen x )=( 1cos 2 x ) ( senx )=( 12 cos 2 x +cos 4 x ) ( sen x ) = sen2 cos2 x senx+ cos 4 x sen x=cos x +
1
2
1
5 sen 2 x cos 5 x dx= sen3 x sen5 x + s en 7 c
3
5
7
1
2
1
sen6 x cos x= sen 3 x sen5 x+ s en7 c
3
5
7
2
4
sen x cos x2 sen x cos x+
2
( sen2 x ) ( co s 2 x ) ( cos x ) =( sen2 x ) ( co s 2 x ) ( cos x ) =( sen 2 x ) ( 1sen2 x ) ( cos x ) =( sen 2 x ) ( 12 sen2 x + sen4 x ) ( cos x )=
7 co s4 2 x sen3 2 x dx=
1 5
1
cos 2 x+ cos7 2 x+ c
10
14
1 cos 5 2 x
1 cos 7 2 x
1
1
+
cos 5 2 x + cos 7 2 x +c
2
5
2
7
10
14
( co s 4 2 x ) ( se n2 2 x ) ( sen x )= ( co s 4 2 x ) ( 1cos2 2 x ) ( sen x ) =
( )(
) ( )(
Tercer Caso:
dx
1
1
1
cos 6 xdx= x
2
2
6
1 sen 2 3 x dx=
x 1
cos 4 x= + sen 4 x +c
2 8
1
dx+
2
1
3 cos 2 2 x dx=
2
5 se n x dx=
3
1 1
1 3
3
1
1 3
3 1 1
1
2
3
cos 2 x = cos 2 x + co s 2 x cos 2 x = cos 2 x +
+ cos 4 x c
2 2
8 8
8
8
8 8
8 2 2
8
) (
)(
c os 2 x=
5
1
3
1
x sen 2 x + sen 4 x
16
4
64
8
( )( 12 ) sen 2 x( 18 )( 12 )(
1 (
co s 2 2 x ) ( cos 2 x )= 1
( 1sen2 2 x ) ( cos 2 x )= 1
cos 2 xsen2 2 x cos 2 x= 18
8
8
8
5
1
3
3
1
x sen 2 x + sen 4 x+ sen 2 x s en3 2 x=
16
4
64
16
48
5
1
3
1
x sen 2 x + sen 4 x+ sen 3 2 x+ c
16
4
64
48
1
1
7 se n2 x cos2 x dx = x sen 4 x +c
8
32
1
1 1
1
1
dx+
cos 4 x= x sen 4 x +c
2
2
2
8
32
1
1
1
1 1
1
cos 2 2 x = 1cos2 2 x= 1 + cos 4 x =
4
4
4
2 2
4
12 12 cos 2 x 12 + 12 cos 2 x dx
)(
x
sen x cos
1
x cos 2 x+ c
2
Cuarto caso:
1 sen2
x
x
1
1
co s 2 dx= x sen 2 x+ c
2
2
8
16
( 14 )( 12 )( 12 ) cos 2 x 2 dx=
( 12 senx ) dx= 14 se n x= 14 ( 12 12 cos 2 x )= 18
dx
1
1
x sen 2 x +c
8
16
4
( (
3
1
1
x
sen 4 x+
sen 8 x +c
128
128
1024
1 1 1
cos 4 x
16 2 2
1
1
1 1+cos 8 x
cos 4 x +
=
64 32
64
2
1
1
1
cos 4 x+ co s2 4 x dx=
64
32
64
8 x dx =
3
1
1
dx cos 4 x dx +
cos 8 x dx=
128
32
128
1
1
1
cos 4 x+
+
cos
641 32
128 128
3
1
1
x
sen 4 x +
sen 8 x+ c
128
128
1024
Quinto caso:
1
1
1 sen x cos 2 x dx= cos x cos 3 x + x
2
6
1
2 [ sen ( x 2 x ) + sen ( x +2 x ) ]=
1
1
senx dx+ sen 3 x dx=
2
2
1
1
cos x cos 3 x +x
2
6
1
1
3 sen 2 x sen x dx= sen x sen 3 x+ c
2
6
cos 3 x dx=
1
1
5 cos 4 x cos 3 x dx = sen x + sen 7 x+ c
2
14
1
2 [ cos ( 4 x3 x )+ cos ( 4 x +3 x ) ]=
1
1
cos x dx + cos 7 x dx
2
2
1 3 ta n4
x
x
6
x
sec 3 dx= tan 5 +c
2
2
5
2
6 tan 5
x
2
+c
( )(
se c 3 x
1 tan
1
dx= tan 3 3 x sec 2 3 xdx=
+ c=
+c
3
2
3 2
t an 3 x
6 tan 3 x
2
4
( cot 2 x )3+ c
3
4
2 ctg 2 x 4
2
2
( ctg2 x ) 2 cs c 2 xdx=
=
ct g 2 2 x +c
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
tan ( abx ) +c
3b
( )( )(
3
3 tan ( abx ) sec ( abx ) dx =
1
2
1
b
2
tan ( abx )
3
2
= tan ( abx )+ c
2
2b
Segundo Caso:
1 t an2 x dx=tan x x+ c
( se c 2 x1 ) dx= se c 2 x dx = tan xx +c
3 tan 3
| |
x
x
x
dx=tan 2 +2 ln cos +c
2
2
2
tan
| |
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
se c 2 1 dx = 2 tan se c 2 2 tan =tan 2 +2 ln cos + c
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x
x
tan tan 2 dx=
2
2
5 cot 4 2 t dt=
1 3
1
cot 2 t+ cot2 t+ t + c
6
2
1
cot 2 2t csc 2 2 t dx
2
2
2
2
2
dx ( cot 2 t ) = ( csc 2 t1 )( cot 2 t )= ( cot 2 2 t csc 2 2 t )
1 3
1
cot 2 t+ cot 2 t+ t+c
6
2
a2 +v 2 , a2v 2 , v 2a2
Problemas propuestos:
dx
1
= ln
2
3
x 9+ x
94 x 23 +c
2x
C2 =a2 +b2
c= a 2+b 2
sen =
x
3
cos=
tg =
9x 2
; 3 cos= 9x2
3
x
9x 2
9x 2
d
1
1
= cs c 2 d= ctg +c
2
9
se n 9
3 cos d 1
=
2
9
( 3 sen )
25x 2
5 25x 2
dx=5 ln
+ 25x 2+ c
x
2x
x
x3
2
dx=276 xx +3 arc sen
+c
2
6
276 xx
( x3)236
36( x3)2
62( x3)2
x dx
x dx
x dx
x dx
x dx
=
=
=
=
2
2
(x 6 x27)
(x 6 x +9927)
6 sen +3= x
6 cos d=dx
( 6 sen +3 ) 6 cosd
=6 sen +3 d
6 cos
6 sen + 3 d
6 cos+3 + c=
+c
x 2 +6 x+ 27+3 Arcsen x 3
6
dx
1 5 25x 2
7
= ln
+c
x
x 25x 2 5
dx
x 4 x 2( 5 )
sen=
x2 5
x
5
cos =
x
tg=
x 25
5
x2
3
2 2
dx=
(9x )
11
x
x
arc sen + c
2
3
9x
dx
x 25 ( x 25 ) + c
=
3
25 x
75 x
x 4 x2 5
5tg= x 25
dx= 5 sectgd
1
secd
1
d
1
1
1
1
=
=
= cos3 d= ( 1s en2 ) cosd= cos d
55ssectgd
4
3
3
25
25
25
ec tgd 25 secs ec 25 sec 25
u dv=u v v du
u y dv .
factores
Debe aclararse que no hay una regla fija para determinar cual de los dos
y cual
indicaciones:
1.- El factor
2.-
v du
dv
u dv
Problemas propuestos:
x
x
x
1 x cos dx=2 x sen + 4 cos +c
2
2
2
u=x v =cosx
du=dx dv=sen x dx
x
x
2 senx + 4 cos +c
2
2
3
3
3 3 x cos 2 x dx= x sen 2 x + cos 2 x + c
2
4
1
u=3 x v= sen 2 x
2
du=3 dx dv =cos 2 x dx
1
1
3 x sen 2 x sen 2 x 3 dx
2
2
3
3
x sen x + cos 2 x+ c
2
4
3
3
2x
5 3 x e dx = x sen 2 x + cos 2 x+ c
2
4
1 2x
u=3 x v= e
2
1
1
3 x e2 x s e 2 x 3 dx
2
2
3
3
x e 2 x e 2 x +c
2
4
2x
du=3 dx dv =e dx
7 x2 ln 4 x dx=
u=ln 4 x v=
x3
3
x3
x3
ln 4 x + c
3
9
1
2
du= dx dv=x dx
x
x3
x3
ln 4 x
3
3
1
x3
1
x3
x3
dx= ln 4 x x 2 dx= ln 4 x +c
x
3
3
3
9
( )( )
9 a x e x dx=
u=a v =e
a x e x e x
a x e x
a e
+c
1+ln a
x
du=
a
dx dv=e x
ln a
ax
dx
ln a
ax e x
ax e x
=
+c
ln a 1+ ln a
x
64 16 x 2 x
dx= x+2
+
+c
15 15
5
x+2
a= x +2
Despejar X
a2=x +2
a22=x ; 2 ada=dx
( a22 ) 2 ada
a
= 2 ( a4 4 a2 +4 ) da
5
3
2 a 5 8 a3
2
8
2
2
8
2 2 16
x dx=2 x2 arctan x+ c
x +1
e= x 2
e 2=x ; 2 ede=dx
2 de+2
2e-2
1
de
2
e +1
1
e
arctg + c
1
1
f (x)
Si
g( x)
f (x)
g ( x)
se le denomina
fraccin racional.
Si el grado de
f ( x)
g( x)
entonces a la graccion se le
llama propia. Es impropia cuando el grado del numerador es de igual o mayor grado
que el denominador.
Algunos ejemplos de fracciones propias:
x
1
; 2
x 4 x 3 x +2
2
x +2
x
; 2
2
x +5 x+ 6 x 3 x +1
A
x +a
A dx
B dx
C dx
+
+
x
x3
( x3 )2
C
x3
x 2 +10 x36 A
B
C
= +
+
2
x x3 ( x3 )2
x ( x3)
x 2+10 x36=
Si x=0
( 0 )2 +10 ( 0 )36= A ( 03 )2 +B ( 0 )( 03 ) + ( 0 ) C
Si x=1
25=162 B+1
B=5
4 ln|x|+5 ln|x 3|
1
+C
x3
3=3 C
C=1
36=9 A
A=4
25=4 A2 B+C