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1090/surv/138
Operator Theory
in Function Spaces
Second Edition
Mathematical
Surveys
and
Monographs
I
I
I
I
Volume 138 I
Operator Theory
in Function Spaces
I
Second Edition
Kehe Zhu
EDITORIAL
J e r r y L. B o n a
Michael G. E a s t w o o d
COMMITTEE
R a l p h L. C o h e n
Michael P. Loss
J. T . Stafford, Chair
2000 Mathematics
Subject
Classification.
Library of C o n g r e s s C a t a l o g i n g - i n - P u b l i c a t i o n D a t a
Zhu, Kehe, 1961Operator theory in function spaces / Kehe Zhu ; second edition.
p. cm. (Mathematical surveys and monographs, ISSN 0076-5376 ; v. 138)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8218-3965-2 (alk. paper)
1. Operator theory. 2. Toeplitz operators. 3. Hankel operators. 4. Functions of complex
variables. 5. Function spaces. I. Title.
QA329.Z48 2007
515/724dc22
2007060704
12 11 10 09 08 07
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
xi
XV
Chapter
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1
1
5
10
18
30
30
33
33
36
39
41
45
46
Chapter
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
47
47
49
52
54
61
62
65
65
66
72
76
87
94
97
Vlll
CONTENTS
Chapter
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
101
101
108
114
125
128
Chapter
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
133
133
135
141
159
160
Chapter
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
163
163
166
173
189
197
202
204
Chapter
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.
8.7.
8.8.
8.9.
207
207
219
221
225
227
233
244
248
250
Chapter
9.1.
9.2.
9.3.
9.4.
9.5.
9.6.
253
253
262
266
275
279
280
285
285
CONTENTS
10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
10.5.
10.6.
Chapter
11.1.
11.2.
11.3.
11.4.
11.5.
11.6.
Bibliography
Index
IX
287
289
291
299
301
303
303
305
308
317
323
324
325
Xll
xm
XIV
As always, I have been able to count on my wife Peijia and our sons,
Peter and Michael, for their constant and continuous support during the
preparation of the new manuscript. Thank you for bearing with me!
Kehe Zhu, Albany, 2007
XV
XVI
The book can be divided into three parts. Part one of the book provides
the necessary preliminaries on operator theory. This includes Chapters 1, 2,
and 3. Part two is about operators on the Bergman space, including Chapters
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and Section 3 of Chapter 11. Part three of the book, including
Chapters 9, 10, and most of Chapter 11, deals with operators on the Hardy
space.
I wish to thank Lewis Coburn, Richard Rochberg, and Donald Sarason
for encouragement and indispensable help during the writing of the book.
Carl Cowen provided the author with most of the references on composition
operators. Finally, I am grateful to my wife, Peijia Tan, for her patience and
understanding. It was not easy for her to take care of our new-born son
alone while I spent long hours at the computer working on the manuscript.
Kehe Zhu, Albany, 1989
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Index
C*-algebra, 13,251
<9-Neumann operator, 203
r-lattice, 70
adjoint, 5
Alaoglu's theorem, 4
analytic Besov spaces, 114
angular derivative, 312
angular limit, 312
area measure, 54
area version of the invariant mean value
property, 198
atomic decomposition, 87
atomic measure, 118
automorphism group, 65
averaging function, 170
backward shift, 8
Banach algebra, 13, 75
Banach space, 1
Banach-Steinhaus theorem, 4
Bell's operator, 127
Berezin symbol, 133
Berezin transform, 133
Bergman disk, 69
Bergman kernel, 76
Bergman metric, 67
Bergman projection, 79
Bergman spaces, 72
Bergman type projections, 85
Besov spaces, 114
Beurling's theorem, 133, 300
Blaschke condition, 305
Blaschke product, 126
Bloch constant, 125
Bloch function, 106
Bloch space, 101
BMO, 266
BMO in the Bergman metric, 207
BMOA, 266
Borel measure, 3
bounded linear functional, 1
bounded linear operator, 3
bounded mean oscillation, 208, 266
bounded oscillation, 209
bounded symmetric domain, 96, 249
bounded valence, 314
Calkin algebra, 32
canonical decomposition, 17, 218
Caratheodory's theorem, 312
Carleson measure, 166, 262
Carleson measure for Bergman spaces,
166
Carleson rectangles, 262
Carleson square, 262
Carleson type measure, 166
Carleson's theorem, 263
Cauchy's integral formula, 88
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, 5
characteristic function, 196
closed graph theorem, 3
closed unit ball, 4
coefficient multipliers, 126
cokernel, 301
commuting Toeplitz operators, 197
compact operator, 10
compatible Banach spaces, 33
compatible pair, 33
complex interpolation, 36
complex method, 35
composition operator, 308
conformal invariance, 263
conjugate index, 21
346
conjugate operator, 257
conjugation preserving, 142
continuous inclusions, 131
contravariant symbols, 159
coset, 4
counting function, 305
covariant symbols, 159
decent functional, 127
Denjoy-Wolff point, 323
direct sum, 158
Dirichlet integral, 129, 295
Dirichlet space, 115
discrete spectrum, 202
distribution function, 42
distribution of zeros, 126
dominated convergence theorem, 112
dual space, 2
duality of Lp spaces, 2
eigenspace, 149
eigenvalue, 15
eigenvector, 15
embedding, 113
equivalence relation, 4
essential norm, 32
essential spectrum, 32, 252
Euclidean center, 70
Euclidean circle, 70
Euclidean closure, 204
Euclidean disk, 69
Euclidean radius, 70
extreme points, 126
Fefferman's theorem, 272
finite Blaschke product, 126
finite rank operator, 17
finite rank Toeplitz operators, 177
fixed points, 141,323
Fock space, 203
Forelli-Rudin estimates, 234
Fourier coefficients, 46, 255
Fourier expansion, 260
Fredholm operator, 32
gamma function, 55
generalized half-planes, 126
generalized subharmonic property, 204
geodesic, 210, 228
Gleason part, 125
INDEX
Green's function, 260
Green's theorem, 260
Hadamard gap series, 128
Hadamard three lines theorem, 36
Hahn-Banach extension theorem, 4
half-order differential operator, 302
Hankel matrix, 289
Hankel operator, 287
Hankel operators, 207
Hankel operators on the Bergman space,
221
Hardy spaces, 253
harmonic conjugate, 98, 256
harmonic extension, 255
harmonic function, 98
harmonic symbols, 197
Hartman's theorem, 290, 299
Hausdorff space, 13
Hausdorff-Young inequality, 46
Havin's lemma, 234
Hilbert space, 6
Hilbert-Schmidt class, 18
Hilbert-Schmidt operator, 196
holomorphic functional calculus, 148
homogeneous domains, 126
hyperbolic disk, 68
hyperbolic metric, 67
ideal, 11
identity operator, 8
inclusion map, 97, 166
infinite Blaschke product, 126
infinitesimal Bergman metric, 67
inner functions, 126
inner product, 5
inner product space, 5
inner-outer factorization, 262
integeral pairing, 113
integral kernel, 50
integral operator, 5
integral pairing, 3
integral representation, 83, 310
intermediate space, 35
interpolation, 33
interpolation space, 33
invariant mean value property, 198
invariant metric, 66
invariant pairing, 123, 295
INDEX
347
348
quasi-normed spaces, 41
quotient algebra, 32
quotient norm, 4, 81
quotient space, 5, 81
radial growth, 106
rank-one operator, 29, 137
rank-one projection, 244
rank-two operator, 138
Rayleigh's equation, 26, 31
real interpolation, 41
real method, 41
rectangular coordinates, 54
reflexive Banach space, 17
regular r-lattice, 71
reiteration theorem, 41
reproducing formula, 83
reproducing Hilbert spaces, 94
reproducing kernel, 76, 133
reproducing property, 80, 133
Riemannian metric, 96
Riemman map, 109
Riesz representation, 3, 6
Riesz-Thorin theorem, 39
rotation invariance, 55, 143
Schatten p-ideal, 173
Schatten class, 18
Schlicht disk, 125
Schur's test, 52
Schur's theorem, 52
Schwarz's lemma, 102, 304
Segal-Bargmann space, 203
self-adjoint subalgebra, 251
separable Hilbert space, 6
Siegel domains, 126
singular inner function, 108
singular integral operators, 299
singular value decomposition, 293
singular values, 17
size estimate, 207
spectral decomposition, 9
spectral mapping theorem, 20, 158
spectral theorem, 9
spectral theory, 9, 300
spectrum, 9
square root of an operator, 7
standard weights, 72
Stirling's formula, 56
INDEX
Stone-Cech compactification, 251
Stone-Weierstrass approximation, 226, 246,
290
strictly pseudo-convex domain, 96, 249
sub-mean value property, 72
subharmonic function, 303
subordination, 303
surjective isometry, 8
symbol of a Toeplitz operator, 164
symmetric kernel, 222
symmetry, 108
Szego kernel, 256
Szego projection, 256, 285
theorem of F. and M. Riesz, 278
Toeplitz algebras, 203
Toeplitz matrix, 202, 287
Toeplitz operator, 163, 285
trace class, 18, 252
trace formula, 174, 225
trigonometric polynomial, 277
two-sided ideal, 11, 251
uniform boundedness principle, 4
unit vector, 6
unitary equivalence, 8
unitary operator, 8
unitary transformation, 8
unweighted Bergman space, 79, 233
valence, 314
vanishing Carleson measure, 166, 264
vanishing mean oscillation, 275
VMO, 219, 275
VMO in the Bergman metric, 219
VMOA, 275
Volterra operator, 63
weak convergence, 130
weak topology, 4
weak-star convergence, 130
weak-star topology, 4
weight parameter, 76
weighted area measure, 57
weighted Bergman spaces, 72
Zorn's lemma, 8
2004