Sociolinguistics appears as a science dealing with concrete relevant explanations for regular

patterns of variation in use. It is often called the microend of sociolinguistics. For example, we can
judge about the education or economic status of the speaker by his pronunciation or grammar. In
New York City pronouncing the word, this as dis, bird as boid, marks the social class of the
speaker. In other words the medium becomes the message, on the other hand we have macro end
of sociolinguistics, sometimes called sociology of language as it turns its attention from specific
linguistic fenomena to the whole of a lg orvariety thusw make inquiere about the significance of
imigrants shifting completely to a new lg or maintaining their old one for some purposes. Why did
most imigrants to the usa from Northern Europe drop their lg so fast while Asian emigrants to
Britain seem to keep theirs alive. We might ask why speakers of certain varieties are influential
and powerful and speakers of othe varieties are regularily discriminated. Asking these questions
makes the style of language a means to understand the . Some scholars use their difference or
perspective the field into two. They want to distinguish between Sociolinguistics which
emphasizes the role of language in society.
The interaction of Sociolinguistics with other branches
Sociolinguistics offers a unique opportunity to bring together theory, description and application in
the study of language. It studies the relationship between language and society an has existed for
about 40 years. As such the field combines knowledge from two fields - linguistic ans sociology.
Language is a ruled - governed system that is used by all human cmmunities for communication.
Most languages of the world are based on spoken segments known as phones but languages are
based on manual gestures known as signs. Spoken languages and silent language are qualitative
the same with respect to the complexity ........... . Our speech patterns regularly changes when
another person enters the conversation. They are relatively permanent. Background feature of the
spoken or written languages, over which we have relatively little control. We tend not to change
our regional or class way of speaking as we go abour our daily business and usually do not realize
the change. Stylistics identifies personal preferences in usage (humour) or the varieties asociated
with occupational groups, lestures, journalists. They are relatively temporary features of our
written or spoken language over which we do not have some degree of conscious control.
The language. Dialects and variants of regional dialects. Creole and idgin languages. Lingua
franca.
Language is a system of a finite arbitrary symbols combined according to rules of grammar for the
purpose of communication. Individual languages are with sounds, gestures and other symbols in
use that represents objects, concepts, ideas and thoughs. Language is treated as mental
phenomenon and a social one. One can not study languages as there are only ones. In his cours
de linghistique generale, Ferdinand de Saussure, insisted upon the concepts a language, human
speech and speaking. According to him, language should not be confused with human speech
which it is only definite but essential one. It is both a social product of the process of speech and a
collection of necessary conventions that had been adopted by a social body to permit individuals
to exercise the process. Execution is always individual and individual is always its master. This
executive side is called the speaking.