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Truck definition of Truck in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

dropneumaticbrakes,leafspringsuspensionsbothfrontandback,andno
powersteering.Trucksoflargeandextralargeloadcapacityareusually
equippedwithdieselengines,mechanical,hydromechanicalor
electromechanicaltransmissions,pneumaticorpneumohydraulicbrakeswith
brakingrateretarders,andhydraulicallyassistedsteering.
TheprincipalcharacteristicsofseveralSoviettrucksareshowninTable1.
IntheUSSRtrucksaremadeinseveralmotorvehicleplants,includingthe
Ulianov(UAZ),Gorky(GAZ),Moscow(ZIL),Urals(Ural),Minsk(MAZ),Kutaisi
(KAZ),Kremenchug(KrAZ),andByelorussia(BelAS)plants.
ThebasicmodelsbuiltbytheseplantsincludetheUAZ451DM(loadcarrying
capacityof1ton),GAZ53A(4tons),ZIL130(5tons),Ural377(7.5tons),MAZ
500(8tons),KAZ608(tractortrailerpowerunit),andKrAZ257(12tons).These
formthebasisformanymodifiedtypes,includingdumptrucks,crosscountry
trucks,andtractortrailers.TheByelorussiamotorvehiclefactorybuildsquarry
dumptrucksofparticularlylargecapacity,includingtheBelAZ540(27tons),
BelAZ548(40tons),andBelAZ549(65tons).
Thetrendoftruckdevelopmentistowardfurtheradaptabilitytothespecial
needsofoperatingconditions.Fortrucksofsmallandmediumloadcapacity
attentionisparticularlydirectedtowardgreatermaneuverabilityandacceleration
andreducedheightinrelationtoload.Forthetrucksoflargeloadcapacitythe
trendistowardmaximizingtheloadcarryingcapacitywithintheexistingweight
limitations.Effortisalsodirectedtowardensuringdockingmaneuverabilityof
systemsinwhichthetrailerisasbigasthetruckitself.Inpowerunits,more
powerfulandeconomicalenginesoflighterweightarebeingdeveloped.High
speeddieselenginesareenjoyingincreasingpopularity.Trucksoflarge
capacityarebeingconsideredforgasturbineapplication.Theuseofatom
power(atomvehicle)isdifficultbecauseofneedforcomplicatedphysiological
shielding.
Automatictransmissionsanddieselelectrictransmissionwithelectricmotor
drivesoneachwheel(motorwheel)arebeginningtobeusedsomewhatmore
widely.Theirusereducesthepollutionofcityairwithtoxicsubstancesof
combustionproducts.Muchattentionisgiventothereductionofsteeringeffort
(powersteering),trafficsafety(improvedbrakes,visibility,andsignaling),
reductionoflaborintensiveworkinmaintenanceandrepair,andthe
improvementofthereliabilityofthetruckstructure.

REFERENCES
Afanasev,L.L.Avtomohilnyeperevozk i.Moscow,1965.
AvtomobilestroenieSSSR.Moscow,1967.
Anokhin.V.I.Otechestvennveavtomobili,3rded.Moscow.1968.
Table1.Truckcharacteristics

Loadcapacityoftruck
(tons)
upto
1.0

1.5

12

Minimumwidthoftruckdeck
(mm).............

1,900 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200

Minimumlengthoftruckdeck
(mm)............

3,000 3,800 4,500 5,200 7,000

Maximumloadingheight
(mm)..................

900

1,150 1,200 1,200 1,400 1,400

Minimumclearance
(mm).......................

175

200

240

260

270

270

Accelerationto50km/hr
(sec)...............

15

15

15

25

25

35

Maximumspeed
(km/hr)........................

110

100

90

90

85

75

Truckweight/load
ratio......................

1.25

1.15

0.8

0.7

0.65

0.65

Sizeoftires
(inches).......................

600
13

8.40 7.00 7.50 8.25 11.00

15
18
20
20
20

Ostrovtsev,A.N.Osnovyproek tirovaniiaavtomobilei.Moscow,1968.
Milushkin,A.A.Tek hnik oek spluatatsionnyetrebovaniiak perspek tivnomu
gruzovomupodvizhnomusostavuavtomobilnogotransporta.Moscow,1968.
Velikanov,D.P.Effek tivnostavtomobilia.Moscow,1969.
Chagette,J.Techniqueautomobile,3rded.Paris,1953.
L.L.AFANASEV

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