Bansal Classes Mathematics Study Material For IIT JEE

BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (P, Q, R, S) COMPOUND ANGLES T
rigonometry Phase - / i : - . I CONTENTS KEY-CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE -II EX

ERCISE-III ANSWER KEY
KEY BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES : 2 2 CONCEPTS -l<sin9<l; -l<cos9<l | sec 0 |

> 1 V 9 e R |cosec9|>l V 9 e R ; tann7t = 0 (a) (b) (c) (a) sin 9 + c o s 9 = 1
sec2 9 - tan2 9 = 1 cosec2 9 - cot2 9 = 1 sinn7t = 0 ; ; ; ; ; V 9eR IMPORTANT
T' RATIOS : cosn7T = (-l) n where n e I (b) (c) . sin-(2n + l)7i (-l) n & cos (2
n + 1)Tt = Q where n e I sin 15 or sin 12 V3-1 __ 5n r=- = cos 75 0 or cos 22 V 1
2 cos 15 or cos 12 r=~ = sm 75 or sin V3+1 . _.0 . 57 X
22 V 1 2 tan 15 = sm . - = 2-V3 V3 + 1 ^ = cot 75 ; tan75= V3 - 1 = 2+V3 =cot 15 3tt

rz , tan = V2 + 1 8 (d) (e) 11 v J2 = 71 71 1/2 + V 2 71 r = J L - - ; tan - = V
2 - 1 ; cos 8 sm or sin 1 0 0 _ V - 1 18 = 5 10 4 P & cos ICO 36 71 or cos = V J
+ l 5 4 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS O F ALLIED ANGLES : If 9 is any angle, then - 9
, 90 9 , 180 9 , 270 9 , 360 9 etc. are called (a) (b) (c ) (d) (e) (f) (g) 4. ALLIE
D ANGLES sin ( - 9) = - sin 9 ; cos ( - 9) = cos 9 sin (90- 9) = cos 9 ; cos (90 9) = sin
9 sin (90+ 9) = cos 9 ; cos (90+ 9) = - sin 9 sin(180-9) = sin9 ; cos (180-9) = - c
o s 9 sin (180+ 9) = - sin9 ;cos(180+9) = - c o s 9 sin (270- 9) = - cos 9 ; cos (
270- 9) = - sin 9 sin (270+ 9) = - cos 9 ; cos (270+9) = sin9 sine & c o s e c only
+ v e All + v e tan & cot only + v e cos & sec only + v e TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIO
NS O F SUM O R DIFFERENCE O F T w o ANGLES (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 5. sin (A B) = si
nA cosB cosA sinB cos (A B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB sin2A - sin2B = cos2B - cos2
A = sin (A+B). sin (A- B) cos2A - sin2B = cos2B - sin2A = cos (A+B ). cos (A - B
) tan (A B) : tanA tanB 1 + t a n A tanB (f) " cot (A B) = ~ ' cotA cotB + 1 cot
B + cotA FACTORISATION O F T H E S U M O R DIFFERENCE O F T w o SINES O R COSINE
S : C + D (a) sinC + sinD = 2sin C + P cos D (b) sinC - sinD = 2 cos D sin sm Sin C
D 2 C - D (c) cosC + cosD = 2 cos C + cos (d) cosC-cosD = - 2 s i n Trig.-<t>-1
or , ^ ^ C + D
^Bansal Classes [2]
TRANSFORMATION O F PRODUCTS INTO SUM O R DIFFERENCE O F SINES & COSINES: (a) 2 s

inA cosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A-B) (c) 2 cosA cosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A-B) MULTIPLE AN
GLES A N D H A L F ANGLES : (b) 2 cosA sinB = sin(A+B) - sin(A-B) (d) 2 sinA sin
B = cos(A-B) - cos(A+B) (a) (b) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA ; sin9 = 2 s i n - c o s co
s 2 A = cos2A - sin2A = 2cos2A 1 = 1 - 2 sin2A; cos 6 = cos2 - sin2-^ = 2cos2^- 1 = 1 - 2sin2^-. 2 2 2 2 9 9 . l-cos2A 2 cos2A = 1 + cos 2A, 2sin2A = 1 - cos 2
A ; tan2A = l + cos2A 2 cos2 = 1 + cos 9 , 2 sin2 = 1 - cos9. 9 9 2 2 (c) w (d) W
(f) w 8. tan2A= sin2A = ? a 2 t Tn A 1 - tan A 2tanA ? 2 ; tan9= , ^ tanf 1 - ta
n ~ri T 1 + tan A , cos2A= 1 - t a a [ A 1 + tan A (e) (g) sin3A = 3 sinA-4 sin3
A tan 3A 3 tan A - tan 3 A 1 - 3 tan'A cos 3A = 4 cos3A - 3 cosA tanA + tanB + t
anC - tanA tanB tanC 1 - tanA tanB - tanB tanC - tanC tanA
, , THREE ANGLES : (a) tan (A+B+C) = N O T E IF : (i) A+B+C = n then tanA+tanB +

tanC = tanA tanB tanC (ii) A+B+C = ~ then tanA ta nB + tanB tanC + tanC tanA= 1
(i) 2 (b) If A + B + C = 7t then: (ii) v ' sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB
sinC 2 2 sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos cos cos ABC 9. (a) (b) (c) MAXIMUM & MINIMUM
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: 2 2 2 2 Min. value of a tan 9 + b cot 9 = 2a
b where 9 R Max. and Min. value of acos9 + b sin9 are ,j a 2 52 and^Ja 2 + ^2 If
f(9) = acos(a + 9) + bcos(B + 9) where a, b, a and P are known quantities then -\
Ja2 + b2 + 2abcos(ct-p) <f(9)< ^/a2 +b 2 + 2abcos(a - (3) (d) If(x,B e [0,-7 j a
nd a + p = a (constant) then the maximum values of the expression cosa cosp, co
sa + cosp, sina + sinP and sina sinp a occurs when a = P = . (e) A If a,p e fn J a
nd a + p = a(constant) then the minimum values of the expression seca + seep, ta
na + tanp, coseca + cosecp occurs when a = P = . o (f) (g) IfA, B, C are the angl
es of a triangle then maximum value of sinA + sinB + sinC and sinA sinB sinC occ
urs when A=B = C = 60 In case a quadratic in sin9 or cos9 i s given then the maxi
mum or minimum values can be interpreted by making a perfec t square. Trig.-(f>I ^Bansal Classes [3]
10. Sum of sines or cosines of n angles, sin a + sin (a + P) + sin (a + 2p ) + +

sin â + n - i p j = / \ B , snn i ^- ( n 1 f sin I a +--p sin ^ s i n n / cos a
+ cos (a + P + c s a + -I Q.l Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Prove that cos2a 2P Prove that cos 2a
= 2 sin2P + hat, tan a + 2 tan 2a + 4 tan 4a tan 40 . tan 60 . tan 80 = 3 P ( n1 1cos a + V 2 / (b) tan9 -tan27 -tan63 + tan81 = 4 . (c) Q.5 Calculate without using
trigonometric t ables : (a) cosec 10 - S sec 10 (d) 2V2 sin 10 sec 5 2 cos 40 sin 5 si
n 4 ~ + sin 4 ^ + sin 4 ~ + sin 4 ~ = | 16 16 16 16 2 (b) 4 cos 20 - V3 cot 20 . 2
sin35 (e) (c) 2 cos40 - cos20 sin20 27t 4TI 671 c o s + c o s + cos 7 (f) tan 10 - t
an 50 + tan 70 Q.6 (a) (b) Q.7 Showthat 4 sin 17 . sin 43 . sin 77 = sin 51 Prove that
sin2120 + sin221 + sin2390 + sin 2 48= l+sin 2 9 + sin218 . (a) (b) Q. 8 Q.9 cot7 S
howthat: y or tan 82 y = (V3 + V2) (V2 + 1) or V2+V3+V4+V6 t a n l 4 2 y =2 +V2V3-V6 . 2(m - n) m +n If mtan(9-30) = ntan(6+ 120), show that cos20 If cos9= cosu
1-ecosu , prove that, tan = 2 ) + + cos la + n-1 p = ) o( p i sn j i EXERCISE + co
s2 (a + P) - 2cos a cos p cos (a + P) = sin 4cos (a + P) sin a sin p + cos 2(a +
P) Prove t + 8 cot 8 a - cot a . Prove that : (a) tan 20 .
2 V1 _ e tan . 2 Q.10 If cos (a + P) = j ; sin (a - P) = & a , P lie between 0 &

, then find the value of tan 2a . Q.ll Prove that if the angles a & P satisfy th
e relation . 1 + 4 5 7 1 p) = ~ (M > lnl) then tang tana _ 1 - tana tanP Q.12 (a
) If y = 10 cos2x - 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin2x, then find the greatest & least va l
ue of y. (b) If y = 1 + 2 sin x + 3 cos2 x, find the maximum & minimum values o
f y V x e R. (c) If y = 9 sec2x +16 cosec2x, find the minimum value of y V x 6 R
. mn + mn y'vfl/ < a ses Trig.-(f>-1 [4]
Q.13 (a) Prove that 3 cos (e + y j + 5 cos 0 + 3 lies from - 4 & 10 . (b) Prove
that (2V3 + 4) sin 0 + 4 cos 0 lies between - 2(2 + Vs ) & 2(2 + VJ). Q.14 If a
+ p = c where a, p > 0 each lying between 0 and 7i/2 and c is a consta nt, find
the maximum or minimum value of (a) sin a + sin p (b) sin a sin p (c) t an a + t
an p (d) cosec a + cosec p Q.15 Let A,., A 2 , A.j A2 , An be the vertic es of a
n n-sided regular polygon such that ; 1 î + - . Find the value of n. .A] A.^ + cos
ec 2 n " 1 0 = cot (0/2) - cot 2 n " ! 0 Q. 16 Prove that: cosec 0 + cosec 20 +
cosec 22 0 + Q.17 For all values of a , p , y prove that ; x , P+Y cos a + cos p
+ cos y + cos (a + p + y) = 4 cos a+B . cos . cos Y+a . 2 .: 2 .2 Q.18 A i n 18 S
howthat , _ Sh th t *+ C0Sj^ + C0S ^ 2sinA-2sinB 1 - sinB sin(A-B) + cosA - cosB
( Q.19 IIf tan Q = P t a n a + tan y 1 + tana.tany , prove that sin 2B = . . s
i n 2 a + sin2y 1 + s i n 2 a . sm2y ; 7-^
Q.20 Q.21 Q.22 If a + p = y , prove that cos2 a + cos2 p + cos2 y = 1 + 2 cos a

cos P cos y . I f a + p + y = | , show that ( l - t a n f ) ( l - t a n f ) |i l
- t a n | j ' _ s i n a + sin(3 + siny 1 c o s a + cosp + cosy (l + t a n f ) (
l + tan f)ll 1 + t a n i If A + B + C = 7t and cot0 = cot A + cot B + cot C, sho
wthat, sin (A - 0). sin ( B - 0). sin (C - 0) = sin30 . % 3n 571 IfP= cos + cos +
cos + 19 19 19 1T 7C + cos and 19 Q.23 V Q= c s + c s + CS + o o O 271 47t 6tz + co
s-^-? then find P - Q. * 20n Q.24 Q.25 Without using the surd value for sin 18 or
cos 36, prove that 4 sin 36 cos 18 V5 For any three angles a , p and y prove that:
' cos(a + P) cos(a - P) cos(a + y)V co s(a - y )J ( sin(a + P) \ cos(a - P) sin
(a + y)^ 2 cos(a - y)> = sec2(a - p) sin 2(P - y) sec2(y - a) Bamal Classes Trig
.-</>-! [5]
EXERCISE-II Q.l If tana = p/q where a = 6p , a being an acute angle, prove that
; - (p cosec 2 P - q sec 2 P) = ^/p2 + q2 . Q.2 If cosa + cos a sina = cosa + sina
= 1, where 9 & 5 do not differ by an even multiple of n, then prove +1=0. = (co
s O + cos<j)) cos(9 + <> - (sin9 + sin<()) sin(9 + <> j) j) + sin2 * I 3 - x prove
^that siny = sinx1 + 3 sm . x, that Q.3 ^ ^ Q.4 v Q.5 Q.6 cosB . cos5 i + 2 c o s (
0 sin9 . sin5 sm a Prove that cos 30 + cos3(j) <j)) - 1 T - * fn j- tan3 n A y)
IfX tan U +2J = + iv (4 +/ 2 Show that, J L + cos3x cos9x + cos27x = I (tan27x -t
anx) 2 Prove that; cosec x. cosec 2x. sin 4x. cos 6x . cosec 1 Ox = cos3x sin2xs
in4x + sx~ r r: : in4 sin6x cos5x
cos7x sin6x sin8x + cos9x sin8xsinl0x Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 If 9= - j , prove that tan9 ,t
an29 + tan29 ,tan49 + tan49 ,tan9 = - 7 . 7 T C^ D Y For 0 < x < - prove that, r
4 sin x(cosx - sinx) > 8. (b) siny . sin-^- . s i n ^ = (a) If a = prove that,
sin a + sin 2a + sin4a = ~ show that cos(sin9)>sin(cos9). Q.10 For all 9 in Q.ll
Prove that the value of cos A + cos B + cos C lies between 1 & where A + B + C
= tc. 3 Q.12 If m2 + m'2 + 2mm'cos9 = l , n2 + n,2 + 2nn'cos9= 1 and mn + m' n'
+ (mn' + m' n) cos 9 = 0, then prove that m2 + n2 = cosec2 9. Q.13 If cos2 9 = m
? 1 & t a n 3 = tan a , prove that cos2/3 a + sin2/3 a = f-^j sin A = sinB-sin
3 B , showthat sin(A-B) = i . + a Q 14. If V2cosA=cosB + cos3B & Q.15 Prove that
fromthe equality * sin a = f o l l o w s the relation; s i " 3 a + a = - Q.16 Pro
ve that the triangle ABC is equilateral iff, cotA+cotB + cotC= S . Q.17 If cos a
( cos 9 = s 'n(a= sin3 9 m 1/2 ^ th e n show that m2 + m cos a = 2 . - (3 - V )
? .
Q. 18 Prove that: 4 sin 27 = (5 + V ) J Q.19 If A+B+C = TT ; provethat t a n 2 Y

+ t a n 2 | + t a n 2 Y >1. [Hint: E t a n - . t a n | = 1 ] Trig.feBansal Class
es [6]
Q.20 If A+B+C = n (A, B , C > 0), prove that sin^ sinf . sin^ < ^ . 2 2 2 8 Q.21
Show that eliminating x&y from the equations, sinx + siny = a ; cosx + cosy = b
& tanx + tany = c gives 8a b 4a' l-cos0 sin 0 =c Q.22 Show that 2 s e c 6 + 3 t
a n 6 + 5sin 9 - 7 c o s 0 + 5 2 t a n 8 + 3sec 0 + 5 c o s 9 + 7 s i n 0 + 8 ,
Q.23 Evaluate : tan 2n . x n 1nC S2 n X =21 O - l f p+ y-a^| Q.24 If a + (3+y =
7t & tan 1 + cos a + cos P + cos y = 0 . Q.25 Q.l I 4 tan V J ryn a h 4 tan I 4
j = 1, then prove that; V x e R, find the range of the function, f (x) = cos x
(sin x + ^sin 2 x + sin2 a ) ; a e [0, n] EXERCISE-III (a) sec29 = 4xy (X + y )
2 , is true if and only if : (B) x = y , x * 0 (C) x = y (D) x * 0 , y * 0 (A) x
+y*0 (b)
Find all values of 9 in the interval n ~ s a t i s f y i n g the equation ;; [JE

E'96,1 + 2] (1 - tan 9) (1 + tan 9) s ec2 9 + 2tan2 9 = 0 . r= 0 Q.2 (a) Let n b
e an odd integer. If sin n9 = b sinr 9, for every value of 9, then: (A) b 0 = 1,
b, = 3 (C) b0 = - 1, bj = n (B) bQ = 0, bj = n (D) b0 = 0, bj = n2 - 3n + 3 (b)
Let A0 Aj A2 A3 A4 A5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of unit radius
. Then the product of the lengths of the line segments A0 Aj, A0 A2 & A0 A4 is :
(B)3V3 (C) 3 (D) ^ (c) Which of the following number(s) is/are rational ? (A) s
in 15 (B) cos 15 (C) sin 1 5 cos 15 (D) sin 15 cos 75 (d) Prove that a triangle ABC is
equilateral if & only if tan A+tan B + tan C = 3 V3 [JEE '98,2 + 2 + 2 + 8 = 14
outof200] Q.3 For a positive integer n, let.fn (9) = t 9 (1+ sec9)(1+ sec29)(1+s
ec49)....(1 + sec2n9) Then tan (A)/2^]=l Q.4 (a) n (B ) / 3 V32. = 1 , f n WfAm.
1 [JEE '99,3] Let f(9) = sin9 (sin9 + sin 3 9). Then f(9) (A) > 0 only when 9 >
0 (C) > 0 for all real 9 (B) < 0 for all real 9 (D) < 0 only when 9 < 0. [ JEE 2
000 Screening. 1 out of 3 5 ] Bansal Classes Trig.-(j>-1 m
(b) Q.5 (a) (b) Q.6 Ei any triangle A B C , prove that, c o t + cot + cot = cot
cot cot . Z* Z* A B C A B C Z i Z i Z i [ JEE 2000 Mains, 3 out of 100 ] Find re
al values of x for which, 27 cos2x . 81s ul2x is minimum. Also find this minimum
value. Find the smallest positive values of x & y satisfying, x - y = , cot x +
cot y = 2 . [ REE 2000, 3 + 3 ] If a + ( 3 = and p + y = a then tana equals (A)
2(tanP + tany) (B) tanp + tany (C) tanp + 2tany (D) 2tanP + tany [JEE 2001 (Scr
eening), 1 out of 35 ] 71 Q.7 If 9 and (j) are acute angles satisfying sin9 = , c
os < = , then 9 + e > | 7 71 C 1 1 (A) 3'2 (B) [ 2'T f n 2%^ r (C) 2n T'T 5nx ( )
v6 . D 571
[JEE 2004 (Screening)] Q. 8(a) In an equilateral triangle, 3 coins of radii 1 un

it each are kept so that they A touch each other and also the sides of the tria
n gle. Area of the triangle is (A) 4 + 2 V3 (C) 12 + (h) (B) 6 + 4 V3 (D)3 + 73
V 4 73 V 4 ir cos(a - P) = 1 and cos(a + P)= 1 /e, where a, P e [ - n, 7t], numb
ers of pairs o f a, P which satisfy both the equations is (A)0 (B)l (C) 2 (D)4 [
JEE 2005 (Scree ning)] ANSWER SHEET EXERCISE-I Q 5. (a) 4 (b) -1 11 (c) V3 = 1 (
d) 4 (e) 13 ; y min mm (f) fi Q10. | | = - \ ,' v ' (c)49 Q12- (a> ymax= i ymm (
b) ymax= y 2 Q14. (a) max = 2 sin (c/2), (b) max. = sin (c/2), (c) min = 2 tan (
c/2), (d) min = 2 cosec (c/2) Q 15. n = 7 Q23. 1 EXERCISE -II Q 23. 1 sin2x 2 n_
I sin X Q-25 - V + sin2 a ^ y ^ Vl + sin a 1 si n-1 EXERCISE-III Q.l (a) B (b) Q
.2 (a) B, (b) C, (c) C Q.3 A, B, C, D Q.4 (a) C
5 7Z 71 Q.5 (a) Minimum value = 3 ~5; maximum value = 3 5 ,(b) x= ; y = Q.6 C 12

6 Q.7 B Q.8 (a) B, (b)D ^Bansal Classes Trig.-1 [8]
BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGETIIT JEE 2007 XI (P, Q, R, S) QUADRATIC EQUATION

S CONTENTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III EXERCISE-IV ANSWER KEY
KEY CONCEPTS The general form of a quadratic equation in x is, ax2 + bx + c = 0

, where a , b , c e R&aÔ. RESULTS : The solution of the quadratic equation, ax2
+ bx + c = 0 is given by x = 2. - b /b 2 - 4ac 2a The expression b 2 -4ac=D is
called the discriminant of the quadratic equation. If a & (3 are the roots of th
e quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 , then ; (i) a + p = - b/a (A) ' (ii) a p
= c/a (iii) a -B = Vd/a . NATURE OF ROOTS : (B) Consider the quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c e R & a ^ O then ; (i) D > 0 < > roots are real &
distinct (unequal) . = (ii) D = 0 < > roots are real & coincident (equal) . = (
iii) D < 0 < > roots are imaginary . = (iv) If p + iq is one root ofa quadratic
equation, then the other must be the conjugate p - i q & vice versa . (p, q e R
& i = 1) . Consider the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c e Q &
a # 0 then ; (i) If D > 0 & is a perfect square , then roots are rational & uneq
ual. (ii) If a = p + ^/q is one root in this cas e, (where pis rational & y'q is
a surd) then the other root must be the conjugat e of it i.e. P = p - ^/q & vic
e versa. 4. 5. 6. A quadratic equation whose roots are a & p is (x - a)(x - P) =
0 i.e. x 2 - ( a + p)x + a,p = 0i.e. x 2 -(sumof roots)x+ product of roots = 0
. Remember that a quadratic equation cannot have three different roots & if it h
as, it becomes an identity. Consider the quadratic expression, y = ax2 + bx + c
, a ^ 0 & a, b, c e R then ; (i) The graph between x, y is always a parabola . I
f a > 0 then the s hape of the parabola is concave upwards & if a < 0 then the s
hape of the parabol a is concave downwards. V x e R , y > 0 only if a > 0 & b 2
- 4 a c < 0 (figure 3). (ii) V x e R , y < 0 only if a < 0 & b2 - 4ac < 0 (figur
e 6). (iii) Carefully go through the 6 different shapes of the parabola given be
low . Fig. 1 y \ Fig. 2 Fig. 3 \\ X Vy o a >0 D = 0 / / ,
O x Roots are coincident Fig. 5 Roots are complex conjugate Fig. 6 y 0 X / a < 0
\ D=0 y 0 ' X X /I / / a < 0 0\ \ D< Roots are real & distinct Roots are coincid
ent Roots are complex conjugate ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]
7. ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a * 0). (i) If D > 0, then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 ha

s t wo different roots x, < x 2 . Then a > 0 => x e (-co, Xj) u (x2, oo) a < 0 =
> x e (Xj, x2) (ii) If D = 0, then roots are equal, i.e. Xj = x2 . In that case
a > 0 => x e (-co, x,) u (x p oo) a < 0 => x e (j) (iii) Inequalities of the for
m 0 > can be quickly solved using the method of Q(x) P(x) < SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC
INEQUALITIES : intervals. 8. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUE of y = ax2+.bx + c occurs
at x = - (b/2a) according as ; 00 if a > 0 & y -co , a < 0 or a > 0 . y e 9. 4ac
- b 4a 4 ac - b 4a if a < 0 Let a be the common root of ax 2 +bx + c = 0 & a'x2
+ b'x + c'= 0 .Therefore a a 2 + ba + c = 0 ; a'a 2 + b'a + c' = 0 . By Cramer'
s Rule Therefore, a = ca' - c'a a b ' - a'b be' - b'c a'c - a c ' be' - b'c a'cac' C O M M O N R O O T S O F 2 Q U A D R A T I C E Q U A T I O N S [ONLY O N E
C O M M O N R O O T ] : 1 ab'-a'b So the condition for a common root is (ca'-c'a
) 2 = (ab'-a'b)(bc'-b'c). 10. The condition that a quadratic function f (x, y) ax2+2 hxy + by2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c may be resolved into two linear factors is th
at ; a h g b f f c abc + 2 fgh - af - bg - ch = 0 11. THEORY OF EQUATIONS : 2 2
2 OR h g = 0. If a j , a 2 , a 3 , a n are the roots of the equation ; n 1 f(x)
= a0x + ajX"" + a,xn"2 + .... + an_,x + an = 0 where a 0 , a,,.... an are all re
al & a0 * 0 th
en, X Oj C Note : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (V) , X a2 = + a , X a, a 2 a 3 = - a O| (

^ C X .a (-If a a 0 0 0 0 If a is a root of the equation f(x) = 0, then the polyn
omial f(x) is exactly divisible by (x - a) or (x - a) is a factor of f(x) and co
nversely. a Every equation of nth degree (n > 1) has exactly n roots & if the eq
uation has m ore than n roots, it is an identity. If the coefficients of the equ
ation f(x) = 0 are all real and a + ip is its root, then a - ip is also a root.
i.e. imaginar y roots occur in conjugate pairs. If the coefficients in the equat
ion are all ra tional & a + ^P is one of its roots, then a - ^P is also a root w
here a, p Q & p is not a perfect square. If there be any two real numbers 'a' &
'b' such that f (a) & f(b) are of opposite signs, then f(x) = 0 must have atleas
t one real root between 'a' and 'b'. Every equation f(x) = 0 of degree odd has a
tleast one real root of a sign opposite to that of its last term. (vi) fa Bansa!
Classes Quadratic Equations
12. LOCATION OF ROOTS : Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c , where a > 0 & a, b, c e R . (i

) Co nditions for both the roots of f(x) = 0 to be greater than a specified numb
er'd' are b2 - 4ac > 0 ; f (d) > 0 & (-b/2a)>d. (ii) Conditions for both roots o
f f(x ) = 0 to lie on either side of the number'd' (in other words the number'd'
lies between the roots of f (x) = 0) is f (d) < 0. (iii) Conditions for exactly
one r oot of f(x) = 0 to lie in the interval (d,e) i.e. d < x < e are b2 - 4ac
> 0 & f (d). f (e) < 0 . (iv) Conditions that both roots of f (x) = 0 to be conf
ined be tween the numbers p & q are (p < q) . b2 - 4ac > 0 ; f ( p ) > 0 ; f ( q
) > 0 & p < ( - b / 2 a ) < q . LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES (i) For a> 1 the inequ
ality 0 < x < y & log a x< logay are equivalent. (ii) For 0 < a < l the inequali
ty 0 < x < y & log a x>log a y are equivalent. (iii) If a> 1 then log a x 0
<x<ap (i v) If a > 1 then logax > p => x > ap (v) If 0 < a < 1 then log a x
x>ap (vi ) If 0 < a < 1 then log a x>p => 0<x<ap 13. EXERCISE-I Q.l Q.2 If the
roots of the equation [ 1 /(x+p)] + [ 1 /(x+q)] = 1/r are equal i n magnitude bu
t opposite in sign, show that p + q = 2r&that the product of the r oots is equal
to (-l/2)(p 2 + q2). If x2 - x cos (A + B) + 1 is a factor of the expression, 2
x4 + 4x3 sin A sin B - x2 (cos 2A + cos 2B) + 4x cos A cos B - 2 . Then find the
other factor. a , (3 are the roots of the equation K(x 2 -x)+x+5 = 0 . If K, &
K2 are the two values of K for which the roots a , (3 are connected by the relat
ion (a/p) + (p/a) = 4/5 . Find the value of (K(/K2) + (K2/Kj) . If the quadratic
equations, x2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + 1 = 0 have a common root then prove t
hat either b + c + l = 0 o r b 2 + c 2 + l = b c + b + c. f Q.5 Q.6 P P2^ X2 +p(
l+q)x + q(q-l) + = 0 are equal then show that 2 Q.3 Q.4 If the roots of the equa
tion Il-q+ p2 one . If = 4q root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 be the square o
f the other, prove that b3 + a2c + ac2 = 3abc. ax2 +2(a + l)x + 9a + 4 Find the
range of values of a, such that f (x) = ^ - 8 x + 32 is a l w a y s ne Q. 7 Q.8
gativeLet a, b, c be real. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 has two real roots a & P, where a
< - 1 & P > 1 then show that 1 + c/a + | b/a | < 0. 6x 2 - 2 2 x + 21 , , . Fin
d the least value of ; for all real values of x, using the theory of quadratic 5
x -18x + 17 equations. Q.9 ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]
Q.IO Q.ll Q.12 Q.13 Find the least value of (2p2 + 1 )x2 + 2(4p2 - 1 )x + 4(2p2
+ 1) for real values of p and x. If a be a root of the equation 4x2 + 2x - 1 = 0
then prove that 4a 3 - 3a is the other root. If the equations x 2 +px + q = 0 &
x2 + p'x + q' = 0 h ave a common root, show that it must be equal to (pq'-p'q)/
(q-q') or (q-q')/(p'p) If a,(3 are the roots of ax 2 +bx + c = 0 & a ' , ~ P are
the roots of a'x 2 +b'x + c' = 0, showthat -1 -l "b b' 2 + x +"b + b'" + x =0 a
, a ' are the roots of a a' c c' Q.14 Q.15 Q.16 If a , P are the roots of x2 px + 1 = 0 & y, 5 are the roots of x2 + qx + 1 = 0 , show that ( a - y ) ( P - y
) ( a + 5)(P + 8) = q 2 - p 2 . Show that if p , q , r & s are real numbers & p
r = 2(q+s), then at least one of the equations x2 + px + q = 0, x 2 + r x + s =
0 has real roots . If a & b are positive numbers, prove that the equation + ' + x
x-a x+b one between a/3 & 2a/3 and the other betw een - 2b/3 & - b/3 . = 0 has t
wo real roots, If the roots of x2 - ax + b = 0 are real & differ by a quantity w
hich is less th an c (c > 0), prove that b lies between (1/4) (a2 - c2) & (l/4)a
2 . At what val ues of'a' do all the zeroes of the function, f (x) = (a - 2) x2
+ 2 a x + a + 3 lie on the interval ( - 2,1)? If one root of the quadratic equa
tion ax2+ bx + c = 0 is equal to the nth power of the other, then show that (acn
)1/(n+l) + (a 1 ^ ) 1 ^ 1 ) + b = 0 . r3 - 5 ^ ' s4 q4 ? q J - 5 p - 2 ' p-2 q 2 ' q-2 r-2 r - 2 / and \ s - 2 pqrs = 5(p + q + r + s) + 2 (pqr + qrs + rsp +
spq). V P s3-5A s - 2 y are collinear if Q.21 Q.22 Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 The quadratic
equation x2 + px + q = 0 where p and q are integers has rational r oots. Prove t
hat the roots are all integral. If the quadratic equations x 2 +bx+ ca = 0 & x 2
+cx+ab = 0 have a common root, prove that the equation containing t heir other
root is x2 + ax + be = 0 . If a , p are the roots of x 2 +px+q = 0 & x 2n +p n x
n + qn = 0 where n is an even integer, show that a/p, p/a are the ro ots of xn
+1 + (x + l) n = 0 . If a , p are the roots of the equation x2 - 2x + 3 = 0 obta
in the equation whose roots are a 3 - 3 a 2 + 5a - 2 , p 3 - p 2 + p + 5. If eac
h pair of the following three equations x2 + p 1 x+q 1 = 0 ,x 2 +p 2 x + q 2 =0
& x 2 +p 3 x + q3 = 0 has exactly one root common, prove that ; (PI + P2 + P3)2
= 4 [P1P2 + P2P3 + P3P1 ~ ~ % ~ Show that the function z = 2x 2 +2xy+y 2 -2x + 2
y+2 is not smaller than - 3 . If (1/a) + (1/b) + (1/c) = l/(a+b + c) & n is an o
dd integer, show that ; (l/an) + (l/b n ) + (l/c n ) = l/(an + bn + cn ) . Q.26
Q.27 ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]
Q.28 Find the values o f ' a ' f o r which - 3 < [ ( x 2 + a x - 2 ) / ( x 2 + x

+ l ) ] < 2 is valid for all real x. b ( 1 6 1 > -2 X + ~6 1 xJ \ x; Find the mi
nimum value of --r ^ forx>0 / 1\ ' 1 3 1 + X +rXH xJ V (X H 0 Q.29 0 30 Let f (x) =
+ bx + c = 0 has an irrational root r. If u = be any rational nu mber, where a,
b, c, p and 1 q are integer. Prove that < | f (u) |. q EXERCISE-II Q.l (a) (c)
(d) (f) (h) Q.2 Solve the following where x e R . ( x - l ) | x 2 4 x + 3| + 2 x
2 + 3 x - 5 = 0 (b) 3 I x2 - 4x + 2 | = 5x - 4 For a < 0, determi ne all real r
oots of the equation x 2 - 2 a | x - a j - 3 a 2 = 0. |x 2 + 4 x + 3 | + 2 x + 5
= 0 (e) fx + 3). |x + 2 | + |2x+31 + 1 = 0 | (x + 3) |. (x +1)+12x + 5 | = 0 (g
) | x 3 + 1 1 + x2 - x - 2 = 0 2 |x+21 - |2X+1 - 1 | = 2 X + 1 +1 L et a, b, c,
d be distinct real numbers and a and b are the roots of quadratic eq uation x2 2cx 5d=0. If c and d are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 - 2a x - 5 6 =
0 then find the numerical value of a + b + c + d. Find the true set of values of
p for which the equation p 2cosZx + p 2'cos2x - 2 = 0 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 has real
roots. Q.3 Prove that the minimum value of [(a+x)(b+x)]/(c+x),x>-c is U a - c +
7b-cj . If Xj, x2 be the roots of the equation x2 - 3x + A = 0 & x 3 , x 4 be th
ose of the equation x2 - 12x + B = 0 & X j , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 are in GP. Find A &
B . If ax 2 +2bx + c = 0 & a,x2 + 2b 1 x + c1 = 0 have a common root & a/a 1 ,b
/bj,c/c, ar e inAP, show that a t , bj & c t are in GP . If by eleminating x bet
ween the equ ation x 2 +ax+b = 0& xy+/(x+y) + m = 0 , a quadratic in y is formed
whose roots are the same as those of the original quadratic in x . Then prove e
ither a = 21 & b = m or b + m = a / . . , 2a cos x -2xcosa + l 7 ~ lies between a
nd n r x 2x co s (3 + 1 , (3 23 sin cos 2 sin Q.8 If x be real, prove that 2 2 Q.
9 Q.10 Q.ll Solve the equations, ax +bxy + cy = bx + cxy+ ay = d . Find the valu
es of K so t hat the quadratic equation x 2 + 2 ( K - l ) x + K + 5 = 0 has atle
ast one posit ive root. Findtiievalues of *b'for which the equation 2 log , (bx
+ 28) = -log 5 (l2-4x-x 2 jhasonlyonesolution. 25 2
2 2 2 ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]
Q.12 Q.13 Find all th e v aiues of the parameter 'a' for which both roots of the
quadratic equation x2 - ax + 2 = 0 belong to the interval ( 0 , 3 ) . Find all
the values ofthe parameters c for which the inequality has at least one solution
. 1 + log2 2x2 + 2x + - > log2 (cx2 + c) . \ 2) " Find the values of K for which
the equat ion x4 + (1 - 2 K) x2 + K2 - 1 = 0 ; (a) has no real solution (b) has
one real s olution Find the values of p for which the equation 1 + p sin x = p2
- sin2 x ha s a solution. Solve the equation -4.3" | x ~ 2 ' - a = 0 for every
real numbera. Q.14 Q.15 Q.16 Q.17 Find the integral values of x & y satisfying t
he system of inequalities; y - 1 x 2 -2x | + (1/2)> 0 & y+1 x - 1 1 <2 . Q.18 Fi
nd all numbers p for each of which the least value of the quadratic trinomial 4x
2 - 4px + p2 - 2p + 2 on the interval 0 < x < 2 is equal to 3. Q.19 If the coeff
icients of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are odd inte gers then prove
that the roots of the equation cannot be rational number. Q.20 T he equation xn
+ px2 + qx + r = 0, where n > 5 & r ^ 0 has roots a } , a 2 , a 3 , n an. Denoti
ng (i) (ii) il Calculate S7 & deduce that the roots cannot all be real. Prove th
at Sn + pS2 + qS, +nr = 0 & hence find the value of S n . a f k by Sk. EXERCISEIII Solve the inequality. Where ever base is not given take it as 10. Q.l Q.3 Q.
5 Q. 7 ' x5'2 (log2x)4- l o g l T 201og 2 x+148 < 0. 2 y 2 (log 100 x) + (log 10
x) 2 +log x < 14 logx2 . log2x2 . log2 4x > 1. log1/2x + log 3 x>l. 4 x 4- S Q.
2 Q.4 Q.6 Q.8 x 1 / l o 8 x .logx<l log 1 / 2 (x+l)>log 2 (2-x). log1/5 (2x 2 +
5 x + 1)<0. lo g x2 (2+x)< 1 Q-9 l o g Q 11Q.13 x ^ < - l Q.10 (log| x+6 |2). lo
g2 ( x 2 - x - 2 ) > 1 Q12. log [(x+6)/3] [log 2 {(x-l)/(2 +x)}]>0 ~ < 1 is a l
s o a X tX Find out the values of 'a' for which any solution of the inequality,
solution of the inequality, x2 + (5 - 2 a) x < 10a. 2 Q.14 Q.15
Solve the inequality log N (x -10x + 22) > 0 . Find the set of values of'y' for
which the inequality, 2 log0 5 y2 - 3 + 2 x log 0 5 y2 - x2 > 0 is valid for atl
east one real value of'x'. ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]
EXER Q. 1 Prove that the values of the function s i n x cos CISE-IV 3 do not lie
from - & 3 for any real x. 1 3 sin3x cosx Q.2 Q.3 The sum of all the real roots
of the equation |x - 2| + |x - 2| - 2 = 0 is 2 . [JEE '97,5] [JEE '97,2] Let S
be a square of unit area. Consider any quadrilateral which has one vertex on eac
h side of S. If a, b, c & d denote the lengths of the sides of the quadril atera
l, prove that : 2 < a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 < 4. [JEE '97,5] In a college of 300 stude
nts, every student reads 5 news papers & every news paper is read by 60 stu dent
s. The number of news papers is: (A) atleast 30 (B) atmost 20 (C) exactly 25 (D)
none ofthe above [JEE'98,2] If a, p are the roots of the equation x2 - bx + c =
0, then find the equation whose roots are, (a 2 + p2) (a 3 + p3) & a 5 p3 + a 3
p5 - 2a 4 p4. [REE'98,6] Q.4 Q.5 Q.6(i) Let a + ip ; a, p e R, be a root of the
equation x3 + qx + r = 0; q, r e R. Find a real cubic equation, independent of
a & p, whose one root is 2 a . (ii ) Find the values o f a & p , 0 < a , P< n/2,
satisfying the following equation, cos a cos p cos (a + p) = - 1 / 8 . Q.7(i) I
n a triangle PQR, ZR = ~ . If tan ( ^ j & tan ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a*0) then: (A) a
+ b = c (B) b + c = a [REE '99,3 + 6] are the roots of the equation (C)a + c =
b (D)b = c (ii) If the roots of the equation x2 - 2ax + a2 + a - 3 = 0 are real
& less than 3 then (A) a < 2 (B) 2 < a < 3 (C)3<a<4 (D) a > 4 [JEE '99,2 + 2] Q.
8 Q.9 (a) ( b) If a, p are the roots of the equation, (x - a) (x - b) + c = 0, f
ind the root s of the equation, (*-<x)(x-P) = c. [REE 2000 (Mains), 3] For the e
quation, 3 x2 + px + 3 = 0, p > 0 if one of the roots is square of the other, th
en p is equal to: (A) 1/3 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2/3 If a & p (a < P), are the roots of
the equation, x2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then (A) 0 < a a, then the equation, (x - a
) (x - b) - 1 = 0, has : (A) both roots in [a, b] (B) both roots in ( - oo, a) (
C) both roots in [b, oo) (D) one root in ( - oo, a) & other in (b, + oo) [JEE 20
00 Screening, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35] (c) faBansal Classes Quadratic Equations
[8]
(d) If a, P are the roots of ax2 + bx + c - 0, (a * 0) and a + 5, P + 5, are the

roo ts of, Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, (A * 0) for some constant 5, then prove that, h 2
4a r 3. Q.10 = R2 4 A C A 2 [JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100] The number of intege
r values of m, for which the x co-ordinate of the point of i ntersection of the
lines 3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an integer, is (A) 2 (B) 0 (C)4 (D)l [J
EE 2001, Screening, 1 out of 35] Q. 11 Let a, b, uation ax2 + bx , p. [JEE 2001,
ich x - |x + 2j (C) (-00,-1) 11 c be real numbers with a * 0 and let a, p be th
e roots of the eq + c = 0. Express the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of
a Mains, 5 out of 100] 2 Q.12 The set of all real numbers x for wh + x > 0, is
(A) (-a>, -2) U (2, oo) (1, 00)
(B) (-oo, - V 2 ) U (V2 , 00) (D) (V2,00) [JEE 2002 (screening), 3] Q. 13 If x2
+ (a - b)x + (1 - a - b) = 0 where a, b e R then find the values of 'a' for whic
h equation has unequal real roots for all values of 'b'. [JEE-03, Ma ins-4 out o
f 60] [ Based on M. R. test] Q.14 (a) If one root of the equation x2 + px + q =
0 is the square of the other, then (A) p3 + q2 - q(3p + 1) = 0 (B) p3 + q2 + q(l
+ 3p) = 0 3 2 (C) p + q + q(3p - 1) = 0 (D) p3 + q2 + q(l - 3p) = 0 (b) If x2 +
2ax + 10 - 3a> 0 for all x e R, then (A) - 5 < a < 2 (B) a < 5 (C)a> 5 (D)2<a<5
[JEE 2004 (Screening)] ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q.2 Q.IO 2x 2 + 2x cos (A - B) - 2 Q.3 254 * Q.7 Q.18 ae oo,-Q.9 1 minimum value 3 when x = 1 and p = 0 Q.28 - 2 < a < 1 u{2}u(5,6] Q.24
x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 Q-29ymin = 6 EXERCISE-II Q.l (a) x = l (b) x = 2 or 5 (c) x =
( l - f i ) a o r (Ve - l ) a (d) x = - 4 o r - ( 1 + V3) (e) x = ( - 7 - V l 7
) / 2 (f) x = - 2 or - 4 o r - ( l + V ^ ) "4 (g) x = - l or 1 (h) x > - l or x
= - 3 B = 32or-288 Q.2 Q.9 30 Q.3 :,1 Q.5 A = 2 or - 1 8 , x2 = y2 = d/(a+b+c) ;
x/(c - a) = y/(a - b) = K where K2a (a 2 +b 2 +c 2 - ab be - ca) = d Q 11. ( 0 0 , - 1 4 ) u {4} u 14 00 Q 10. K < - 1 Q.13 (0,8] Q 12. 2V2 < a < 11 Q 14. (a
) K < - 1 or K > 5/4 (b) K = - 1 Q 1 5 . - 2 < p < - 2 / V ? or 2/VJ < p < 2 Q 1
6. x 1 2 = 2 l o g 3 ( 2 - V 4 + ^ ) where - 3 < a < 0 Q 17. ( 0 , 0 ) ; ( 1 , 1
) ; (2,0) Q18.
a = 1 - V2 or 5 + VlO Q 20. S2 = 0, Sn = - nr EXERCISE-III QL. X 6 r 1 1a 1 1 u

(8,16) V 16 8y Q 2. (0,1) u (1, 101/10) Q 5 . 2"V2 < x < 2 - ' ; 1 < x < Q 3. Vi
o9 < x < 10 Q 4. - 1 < x < 1 - V? or j < x < 2 1 + V? Q 6. (-^0,-2.5)u(0,00) Q 9
. - < x < 1 Q 7. 0 < x < 31/1-1083 (where base of log is 2) Q 8. - 2 < x < - l ,
- l < x < 0 , 0<x<l, x>2 Qll. x < - | ; j Q 10. x < - 7 , - 5 < x < - 2 , x > 4
T<X<2 Q12. ( - 6 , - 5 ) U ( - 3 , - 2 ) Q13. a > | Q.2 4 2 Q 14. xg(3,5-V3)u(7
,oo) Q15. ( - c o , - 2 V 2 ) u ( - ^ , o ) Q.4 C u(2V2,oo) EXERCISE-IV Q.8 (a,
b) Q.9 (a) C, (b) B, (c) D Q.12 B Q.13 a > l Q.5 x - (x, + x 2 ) x + x, x 2 = 0
where x, = (b2 - 2c) (b3 - 3cb); x 2 = c3 (b2 - 4c) Q.6 (i) x3 + qx - r = 0, (ii
) a = p = TT/3, Q.7 (i) A, (ii) A, 2 2 Q.10 A Q.ll y = a p and 6 = a.p or y = ap
2 and 8 = a 2 P Q.14 (a) D ; (b)A m ii Bansal Classes
Quadratic Equations [9]
BANSAL CLASSES * MATHEMATICS TARGETIIT JEE 2007 XI (P, Q,R, S) SEQUENCE & PROGRE
SSION CONTENTS KEY CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY
KEY CONCEPTS DEFINITION: A sequence is a set of terms in a definite order with a

rule for obt aining the terms, e.g. 1,1/2,1/3, ,1/n, is a sequence. AN ARITHMET
IC PROGRESSION (AP): AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by afixed
number. Thisfi xednumber is called the common difference. If a is the first term
& d the common difference, then AP can be written as a, a + d, a + 2d, a + ( n
- l)d, nth term of this AP tn = a + (n - 1 )d, where d = an - a n l . The sum of
the first n ter ms of the AP is given by ; Sn = where I is the last term. NOTES:
(i) If each ter m of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by
the same non zero number, then the resulting sequence is also an AP. (ii) Three
numbers in AP can be taken a s a - d , a, a+d; four numbers in AP can be taken a
s a - 3 d, a - d , a+d, a+3d; five numbers in APare a - 2 d , a - d , a, a+d, a+
2d & six terms in APare a - 5d, a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc. (iii)
(iv) (v) (vi) The common difference can be zero, positive or negative. The sum o
f the two terms o f an AP equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and e
qual to the sum of first & last terms. Any term of an AP (except thefirst)is equ
al to half the sum of terms which are equidistant from it. tr=Sr-SM If a, b, c a
re in AP => 2 b = a + c. [2 a+ (n - 1 )d] = ^ [a+/]. (vii) GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
(GP): GP is a sequence of numbers whosefirstterm is non ze ro & each of the suc
ceeding terms is equal to the proceeding terms multiplied by a constant. Thus in
a GP the ratio of successive terms is constant. This consta nt factor is called
the COMMON RATIO of the series & is obtained by dividing any term by that which
immediately proceeds it. Therefore a, ar, ar2,ar3, ar4, is a GP with a as thefi
rstterm & r as common ratio. (i) nth term = ar n _ 1 (ii) (ii i) (iv) (v) a(r n
-l) Sum of the I n terms i.e. Sn = , if r * 1 . r-1 Sum of an infinite GP when |
r | < 1 when n oo rn 0 if | r | < 1 therefore, > st S ^ f l r K l ) . If each ter
m of a GP be multiplied or divided by the same nonzero quantity, the resulting s
equence is also a GP. Any 3 consecutive terms of a GP can be taken as a/r, a, ar
; any 4 consecutive terms of a GP can be taken as a/r3, a/r, ar, ar3 & so on. I
f a, b, c are in GP => b2 = ac. (vi) Bansal Classes Sequence & Progression [2]
HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP): A sequence is rms are in AP. If the sequence a,, a2,
a ,...., l/an is an AP & converse. Here we the n terms of an HP. For HP whose fi
rst rm is tn = b + (n-l)(a-b) 2ac a + c If a, b, c are in HP => b = or = T c a a
- b d- c .
said to HP if the reciprocals of its te 3 ,...., an is an HP then l/a l5 l/a 2 d
o not have the formula for the sum of term is a & second term isb, then111 te
MEANS ARITHMETIC MEAN: If three terms are in AP then the middle term is called t
he AM between the other two, so if a, b, c are in AP, b is AM of a & c . AM for
any n positive number a,, a 2 ,..., an is ; A = a ' + a 2 + a ^ + +a " . n-ARITH
METIC A2,.... ,An, ^ - , A2 = a n + 1 ' n+ 1 , ' ,An= a + n (b - a) n +1 b-a = a
+ d, NOTE =a+2d , , A = a + nd, where d = n n+1 : Sum of n AM's inserted betwee
n a & b is equal to n times the single AM between a & b n i.e. X Ar = nA where A
is the single AM between a & b. r= l GEOMETRIC MEANS:. If a, b, c are in GP, b
is the GM between a & c. b2 = ac, therefore b = Ja c ; a > 0, c > 0. n-GEOMETRIC
MEANS BETWEEN a, b : If a, b are two given numbers & a, G}, G2, , Gn, b are in
GP. Then Gj, G2, G 3 ,...., Gn are n GMs between a & b . G, = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 =
a(b/a)2/n+1, = ar , = ar 2 , MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS : Ifa,b are any two given
numbers & a,A15 b are inAP thenA,, A2, ...Anare then AM's between a & b . A1 =
a + + ^ i l 2 '
NOTE n , Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1 = arn, where r = (b/a)1/n+1 : The product of n GMs bet

ween a & b is equal to the nth power of the single GM between a & b i.e. ^ G r =
(G) n where G is the single GM between a & b. HARMONIC MEAN : If a, b, c are in
HP, b is the HM between a & c, then b = 2ac/[a +c]. THEOREM: If A, G, H are resp
ectively AM, GM, HM between a & b both being un equal & positive then, (i) G2 =
AH (ii) A > G > H (G > 0). Note that A, G, H con stitute a GP. fa B ansa/ Classe
s Sequence & Progression [3]
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES: A series each term of which is formed by multiplyi

ng the corresponding term of an AP & GP is called the Arithmetico-Geometric Ser
i es, e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + Here 1,3,5,.... are in AP& l,x,x 2 ,x 3 areinGP.
S tandart appearance of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series is Let Sn = a + (a + d)
r + (a + 2 d) r2 + + [a + ( n - l ) d ] r""1 SUM TO INFINITY : If |r| <1 & n oo th
en Limit r n = 0 a . S . - + dr (1-r) 2 . SIGMA THEOREMS : (i) (ii) (iii) r=l NO
TATIONS Z (arbr)= a r r= 1 b, r r=1 I r=1 ka r k r=1 ar. ]T k = nk ; where k is a
constant. r=1 RESULTS (i) (ii) X Y n r= 9 (sum of the first n natural nos.) 2 n
(n + 1) r=l = n
(n+1) ^ s u m 0 f the squares of the first n natural numbers) (iii) r3 = T=\ z (

+ 1)2 " 4 r= 1 (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers) (iv> r=l ' r4
= - ( n + l)(2n+l)(3n 2 + 3 n - l ) METHOD OF DIFFERENCE : If T j , T 2 , T 3 ,
, T N are the terms of a sequence th en some times the terms T 2 - T j , T 3 - T
2 , constitute an AP/GP. nth term of the series is determined & the sum to n te
rms of the sequence can easily be obt ained. Remember that to find the sum of n
terms of a series each term of which i s composed of r factors in AP, the first
factors of several terms being in the s ame AP, we "write down the nth term, aff
ix the next factor at the end, divide by the number of factors thus increased an
d by the common difference and add a con stant. Determine the value of the const
ant by applying the initial conditions". fa B ansa/ Classes Sequence & Progressi
on [3]
EXERCISE-I Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q 5. Q 6. Q 7. If the 1 Oth term of an HP is 21 &

2 V* term ofthe same HP is 10, then find the 210th term. Solve the following eq
uations for x & y, logio x + log10 x 1/2 + log,6 X1/4 + 1+3+5+ +(2y-l) 4+7+10+ +
(3y+l) =y 20 71og]0 x There are n AM's between 1 & 31 such that 7th mean: (n - 1
)th mean = 5 : 9 , th enfindthe value of n. Find the sum of the series, 7 + 77
+ 777 + to n terms. Exp ress the recurring decimal 0.1576 as a rational number u
sing concept of infinite geometric series. Find the sum of the n terms of the se
quence 1 1 + 1 +1 2 4 2 1+2 +2 2 4 3 1 + 32 +3 4 Thefirstterm of an arithmetic p
rogression is 1 and the sum of thefirstnine terms equal to 369. The first and th
e ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with thefirstand the ninth term
ofthe arithmetic progression. Find the seventh t erm of the geometric progressi
on. r If the pth, qth & rth terms of an AP are in GP. Show that the common ratio
of the GP is q~ Q 8. Q 9. p-q If one AM 'a' & two GM's p & q be inserted betwee
n any two given numbers then sh ow that p3+ q3 = 2 apq . Q 10. Thesumofn terms o
ftwo arithmetic series are in the ratio of (7 n+1): (4 n+ 27). Find the ratio of
their nth term. Q l l . If S be the sum, P the product & R the sum of the recipr
ocals of a GP, find the value of p2 !) Q 12. The first and last terms of an A.P.
are a and b. There are altogether (2n + 1) terms. A new series is formed by mult
iplying each of thefirst2n terms by th e next term. Show that the sum ofthe new
series is (4n2 - l)(a2 + b 2 ) + (4n 2 + 2)ab 6n Q 13. In an AP of which' a' is
the 1st term, if the sum of the 1st p t erms is equal to zero, show that the sum
of the next q terms is - a (p + q) q/(p -1). Q 14. The interior angles of a pol
ygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 12 0 & the common difference is 5. Find the
number of sides of the polygon, Q 15. An AP & an HP have the samefirstterm, the
same last term & the same number of terms ; prove that the product of the V th t
erm from the beginning in one series & the rth term from the end in the other is
independent of r. Q 16. Find three number s a, b, c between 2 & 18 such that ;
(i) their sum is 25 (ii) the numbers 2, a, bare consecutive terms of an AP & (ii
i) the numbers b, c, 18 are consecutive ter ms of a GP . Q 17. Given that ax = b
y = cz = du & a , b , c , d are in GP,show t hat x , y , z , u a r e i n H P . Q
18. In a set of four numbers, thefirstthree are in GP & the last three are in A
P, with common difference 6. If thefirstnumbe r is the same as the fourth,findth
e four numbers. Q 19. Find the sum of the firs t n terms of the sequence: l + 2(
1+] +3[1+] +4(1+] + fa B ansa/ Classes Sequence & Progression
[3]
Q 20. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence ; (i) 1 + 5 + 13+
29 + 61 + (ii) 6+13 + 22 + 33 + Q 21. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by
15 & HM by 27 . Find the numbers. Q 22. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4.
T he airthmetic mean A & the geometric mean G satisfy the relation 2 A + G2 = 27
. Find the two numbers. Q 23. Sum the following series to n terms and to infinit
y: (i) w 5;+ + + 1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13 (ii) r_i I r (r+ l)(r+2) (r + 3) n i I 7^77 r
1 4r - 1 Q 24. Find the value ofthe sum (a) Y v 1 1.3 1.3.5 - + - 4.6 + 4.6.8 4
n """"' r=l iti y n x = Z c
os2n (j), y = Z n=0 n=0 oo co s n2n i ^ > z = 1l cos2n (j) sin2n (j) then : Prov
e that n=0 <) X (i) xyz = xy + z
(ii) xyz = x + y + z EXERCISE-II Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4, The series of natural numbe

rs is divided into groups (1), (2 ,3,4), (5,6,7,8,9), that the sum of the number
s in the nth group is (n - 1 )3 + n 3 . & so on. Show The sum of the squares of
three distinct real numbers, which are in GP is S 2 . If their sum is a S, show
that a 2 e (1/3 ,1) u (1,3). If there be m AP's beginn ing with unity whose comm
on difference is 1,2.3 .... m. Show that the sum of the ir nth terms is (m/2) (m
n - m + n + 1). If Sn represents the sum to n terms of a GP whose first term & c
ommon ratio are a & r respectively, then prove that S, + S, + S, + 1 3 5 ^ + S7
! , = 2n 1-r ar (1-r) (l + r) . Q 5. Q.6 A geometrical & harmonic progression ha
ve the same pth, qth & rlh terms a, b, c respectively. Show that a (b - c) log a
+ b (c - a) log b + c (a - b) log c = 0. A computer solved several problems in
succession. The time it took the computer to solve each successive problem was t
he same number of times smaller than the time it took to solve the preceding pro
blem. How many problems were suggested to the computer if it spent 63.5 min to s
olve all the problems except for the firs t, 127 min to solve all the problems e
xcept for the last one, and 31.5 min to so lve all the problems except for the f
irst two? If the sum of m terms of an AP is equal to the sum of either the next
n terms or the next p terms ofthe same APpr ove that (m+n)[(l/m)-(l/p)] = (m + p
)[(l/m)-(l/n)] (n*p) If the roots of 1 Ox3 cx2 - 54x -21 = 0 are in harmonic pro
gression, then find c & all the roots. Q 7. Q 8. fa B ansa/ Classes Sequence & P
rogression [3]
Q 9,(a) Let a,, a2, a3 a an be an AP . Prove that : + a 1 1 1 +a a + + a l n 2 n

-l a3 an-2 1 n l a a +a l n a 1 1 1 1 h + l a2 a3 1 +a n (b) Show that in any ar
ithmetic progression al, a^ a3 a.2 - a22 + a32 - a42 + .. .... + a22K _ , - a22K
= [K/(2 K - 1)] (&12 - a 2 2K ). Q10. Let Let a{, a 2 , , an , a n + i , S, = a
x + a2 + a3 + 5 5 be an A.P. + ap + a + S 2 = an+l + an+2 + 3 = a2n+I + a2n+2 +
2n 3n ' is an arithmetic progression whose common difference Prove that the sequ
ence Sj, S 2 , S 3 , 2 is n times the common difference of the given progression
. Q l l . If a, b, c ar e in HP, b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in AP, Show tha
t e = ab2/(2a - b) 2 . Q 12. (i) (ii) (iii) Q13. If a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers s
uch that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in HP then: Prove t
hat a, c, e are in GP . Prove that e = (2 b - a)2/a . If a = 2 & e = 18 , find a
ll possible values of b, c, d . 1 1 If A = 1 + - + - + 2 3 b 1 1 +- + and n n+1
2 + (n-i)(n-2) +<nzJ)l _2 2 [(n + l)n n(n-l) 3-2 j ' then show that A = B. Q 14. I
f n is a root of the equation x 2 (l -ac)-x(a 2 +c 2 )-(l+ac) = 0&if n HM's are
inserted between a & c, show that the difference be tween the first & the last m
ean is equal to ac(a - c). Q15. (a) (b) The value of x + y + z is 15 if a , x ,
y , z , b are in APwhile the value of; (l/x)+(l/y)+( l/z) is 5/3 if a, x, y, z,
b are in HP . Find a & b . The values of xyz is 15/2
or 18/5 according as the series a, x, y, z, b is an AP or HP. Find the values of

a & b assuming them to be positive integer. h 2 n + 2 - a 2 n + 2 n+1 a n+1 ba(
b 2n -a 2n ) n h~+T+ Q 16. An AP, aGP &aHP have' a' & 'b' for their first two term
s. S how that their (n+2)th terms will be inGP if Q 17. Prove that the sum of th
e infinite series 13 3.5 5.7 7.9 2 2 2 2 o=23 . Q 18. If there are n quantities i
n GP with common ratio r & Sm denotes the sum o fthe first m terms, show that th
e sum of the products of thesemterms taken two&t wo together is [r/(r+1)] [Sm] [
S m _,]. Q 19. Consider an A.P., with the first t erm 'a', the common difference
'd' and a G.P. with thefirstterm 'a', the common r atio 'r' such that a, d, r >0
and both these progressions have same number of te rms as well as the equal ext
reme terms. Show that the sum of all the terms ofA.P . > the sum of all the term
s ofthe G.P. fa B ansa/ Classes Sequence & Progression [3]
Q 20. If n is even & a+(3, a - (3 are the middle pair ofterms, show that the sum
of the cubes of an arithmetical progression is n a {a 2 + (n 2 -1) (32}. Q 21.
If a, b, c be in GP & logc a, logb c, loga b be in AP, then show that the common
difference of the AP must be 3/2. 1 Q 22. If ax = 1 & for n> 1, an = an_, + , th
en show that 12 < aJ5 < 15. a n-l Q 23. Sum tonterms: (i) (ii) - + - + a, 1 x+1 2x (
x + 1) (x + 2) 3x 2 (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) ^ + l + i (1 + a i)( 1 + a2) (l + a i
)(l + a 2 )(l + a3) Q 24. In a GPthe ratio o f the sum of the first eleven terms
to the sum ofthe last eleven terms is 1/8 an d the ratio of the sum of all the
terms without the first nine to the sum of all the terms without the last nine i
s 2. Find the number of terms in the GP. Q 25. Given a three digit number whose
digits are three successive terms ofa G.P. If we subtract 792 from it, we get a
number written by the same digits in the rever se order. Now if we subtract four
from the hundred's digit of the initial number and leave the other digits uncha
nged, we get a number whose digits are successi ve terms of an A.P. Find the num
ber. EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.2 For any odd integer n > l , n 3 - ( n - 1)3 + x = l+3a
+ 6a 2 + 10a3+ y = 1+ 4b + 10b2 + 20b3 + + (-l)n~1l3 = _ . [JEE '96,1] |a|<l |
b | <1, find S= 1+ 3ab + 5(ab)2 + .... in terms of x & y. [REE'96,6] Q.3 Q.4 The
real numbers x p x 2 , x3 satisfying the equation x3 - x2 + p x + y = 0 are in
A.P. Find the intervals in which P andy lie . [JEE'96,3] Let p & q be roots o f
the equation x2 - 2x + A = 0, and let r & s be the roots of the equation x- 18x
+ B = 0. If p < q < r < s are in arithmatic progression, then A = , and B = . [J
EE'97,2] a, b, c are the first three terms of a geometric series. If the har mon
ic mean of a & b is 12 and that of b &c is 3 6, find the first five terms oft he
series. [REE'98,6] Select the correct alternative(s). [ JEE'98,2 + 2 + 8 ] Le t
Tr be the rth term of an AP, for r = 1, 2, 3,.... If for some positive integer
s m, n we have 1 1 T = m ~ & T = ' Tmn equals : (A) mn (B) + m n 1 + fnx Q.5 Q.6 (
a) (C) 1 , - , l + ny 1 + ftiz (D)0 are in : (D) none ofthe above (b) If x = 1, y
> 1, z > 1 are in GP, then (A) AP (B) HP
(C) GP (c) Prove that a triangle ABC is equilateral if & only if tanA+tanB + tan
C = 3 fa B ansa/ Classes Sequence & Progression [3]
Q.7 (a) (b) The harmonic mean of the j x + 8 + 2%/5 =0 is (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) ,h 2 ,
(A) 2 (B) 3 ,h 10 beinH.P. If is: (C) 5 (D) 6 [ JEE '99,2 + 2 out Q.8
roots of the equation (5+Jl j x2 - (4 + V5 6 (D) 8 Letajjaj,...., a10, be in A.P
. & h, a1 = h 1 = 2 & a ] 0 = h10 = 3 then a 4 h 7 of200 ]
The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162 and the sum of its first n terms
is 160. If the inverse of its common ratio is an integer, find all possible valu
es ofthe common ratio, n and the first terms ofthe series. [REE'99,6] Consider
a n infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r. If the sum
i s 4 and the second term is 3/4, then: (A) a = ~ , r = | (C) ^ , x= Q.9 (a) (B
) a = 2 , r = | (D) a = 3, \ (b) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such th
at a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the relation: (A) 0 < M
< 1 (B) 1 < M < 2 (C) 2 < M < 3 (D) 3 < M < 4 [ JEE 2000, Screening, 1 + 1 out
of 35 ] The fourth power of the c ommon difference of an arithmetic progression
with integer entries added to the product of any four consecutive terms of it. P
rove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer. [ JEE 2000, Mains, 4 ou
t of 100 ] Given that a , y are ro ots of the equation, A x 2 - 4 x + l = 0 and
fi, 5 the roots of the equation, B x2 - 6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, suc
h that a, p, y & 8 are in H.P. [REE 2000, 5.outof 100] The sum of roots of the e
quation ax 2 +bx+c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their reciprocals. Find
whether be2, ca2 and ab2 in A.P., G.P. or H.P.? [ REE 2001, 3 out of 100 ] Solv
e the following equations for x and y log2x + log4x + log16x + =y 5 + 9 + 13+ 1+
3 + 5+ (c) Q.10 Q.ll Q.12 +(4y +1) +(2y-l) = 4l0g 4x [ R E E 2001 ' 5outofl0 ] Q
.13 (a) Let a, p be the roots of x2 - x + p = 0 and y, 8 be the roots of x2 - 4x
+ q = 0 . If a, P, y, 6 are in G.P., then the integral values of p and q respec
tively, a
re (A)-2,-32 (B) - 2 , 3 (C)-6,3 (D)-6,-32 If the sum ofthe first 2n terms of th

e A.P. 2,5,8, 57,59,61, , then n equals (A) 10 (B) 12 (C)ll is equal to the sum
ofthe first n terms of the A.P. (b) (D) 13 fa Ban sal Classes Sequence & Progre
ssion [11]
(c) Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bed are (
A) N OT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P. (C) in G.P. (D)H.P. [JEE 2001, Screening,
1 + 1 + 1 out of 3 5 ] Let al5 a2 be positive real numbers in G.P. For each n, l
et An , Gn, Hn, be respectively, the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmoni
c mean of av a,, a3, an. Find an expression for the G.M. of Gj, G2, Gn in terms
of A p A2 An, Hj, H2, Hn. [JEE 2001 (Mains);5] Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a
, b , c are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = - , then the value of a is 2 2
2 3 (d) Q.14 (a) [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3] (b) Let a, b be positive real number
s. If a , A, , A7 , b are in A.P. ; a , a! , a2 , b are in G.P. and a, H j , H 2
, b are in H.P., show that GJGJ H H A!+A 2 H + H (2a + b)(a+2b) [ JEE 2002 , Ma
ins , 5 out of 60 ] Q.15 c If a, b, c are in A.P., a 2 , b 2 , c2 are in H.P., t
hen prove that either a = b = c or a, b, - form a G.P. [JEE-03, Mains-4 out of 6
0] Q.16 The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is
5. Then ( A ) 0 < x < 10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) -10 < x < 0 (D)x>10 [JEE 2004 (Scree
ning)] I f a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (
1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4. [JEE 2004,4 out of 60] (n + \) V 4 Q.17 Q.18 If total nu
mber of runs scored in n matches is the k match are given by k-2 th n+1 k J " ,
where 1 < k < n. Find n. (2n+1 - n - 2) where n > 1, and the runs scored in [JEE
2005,2]
, fa Ban sal Classes Sequence & Progression [11]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Ql. 1 Q 2. x = 105, y = 10 Q3. ji= 14 Q 4. S = (7/81){10n+

1 - 9n - 10} Q 5. 35/2 22 Q6. n(n+l)/2(n 2 + n + 1 ) Q 7. 27 Q 10. (14 n - 6)/(8
n + 23) Q 11. 1 Q 14. 9 Q 16. a = 5 , b = 8 , c = 12 Q 18. ( 8 , - 4 , 2, 8) Q
19. n2 Q20. (i) 2n+1 3 ; 2 n + 2 - 4 - 3 n (ii) n 2 + 4 n + l ; ( l / 6 ) n ( n
+ l ) ( 2 n + 1 3 ) + n Q 21. 120,30 Q 22. 6 , 3 Q 23. (i) sn = (1/24) - [l/{6(3
n+ 1) (3n + 4) >] j s ^ l / 2 4 (ii) (l/5)n(n+ l)(n + 2)(n+ 3)(n + 4) (iii) n/(2
n+1) (iv) Sn = 2 1 2 1.3.5 (2n-l)(2n + l) 2.4.6 (2n)(2n + 2) ; Son = 1 " Q 24. (
a) (6/5) (6n - 1) (b) [n (n + 1) (n + 2)]/6 EXERCISE-II Q6. 8problems, 127.5 min
utes Q.8 C = 9 ; (3,-3/2 ,-3/5) Q 12. (iii) b = 4 , c = 6 , d = 9 OR b = - 2 , c
= - 6 , D = - 18 Q 15. (a) a = 1, b = 9 O b = 1, a = 9 ; (b) a = 1 ; b = 3 or v
ice versa R Q 23. (a) 1 Q 24. n = 38 (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + n) (b) 1 - (l + a i )
( l + a 2 ) EXERCISE-III (l + a n ) Q 25. 931 Ql. |(2n-l)(n+l)2 Where a = 1 - x"
1/3 & b = 1 - y"1/4 Q3. p < (1/3) ; y > -(1/27) Q 2. S = Q 4. - 3 , 7 7 Q 6. (a)
C (b) B Q 5. 8,24,72,216,648 Q 7. (a) B (b) D Q 8. r = 1/9 ; n = 2 ; a = 144/18
0 OR r = 1/3 ; n = 4 ; a = 108 OR r = 1/81 ; n = 1 ; a = 160 Q9. (a) D Q l l . A
.P. Q13. (a) A, (b)C, (c) D, (d)[(A,, A 2 , Q14 . (a) D Q.16 B (b) A Q 10. A = 3
; B = 8 Q 12. x = 2V2 andy = 3 A n ) (Hl5 H2, Q .18 n=7 H n )] fa Ban sal Class
es Sequence & Progression [11]
BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS I TARGETIITJEE 2007 XI ( > Q, R, S) P r * -yfi i I i

n ca csi I Le n CONTENTS KEY- CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWE
R-KEY
KEY STANDARD RESULTS: CONCEPTS 1. EQUATION OF A CIRCLE IN VARIOUS FORM : (a) The
circle with centre (h, k) & radiu s 'r' has the equation; (x-h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2
=r 2 . (b) The general equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 with
centre as : (-g, -f) & radius = ^ g 2 + f 2 - c . Remember that every second de
gree equation in x & y in which coe fficient of x2 = coefficient of y2 & there i
s no xy term always represents a cir cle. If g2 + f 2 - c > 0 => real circle. 2
2 g + f - c = 0 => point circle. 2 2 g + f - c < 0 => imaginary circle. Note tha
t the general equation of a circle co ntains three arbitrary constant s, g, f &
c which corresponds to the fact that a unique circle passes through three non co
llinear points. (c) The equation of ci rcle with (x,, y}) & , y2) as its diamete
r is : ( X - X l ) ( x - x ^ + ( y - y i ) ( y - y 2 ) = 0. Note that this will
be the circle of least radius passing through 2. , yj) & (xj, y2). INTERCEPTS MA
DE BY A CIRCLE ON THE AXES : The intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2
fy + c = 0 on the co-ordinate axes are 2 vg2 - c & 2 ^ / f ^ c resp ectively. NO
TE : circle cuts the x axis at two distinct points. => If g2 - c > 0 2 circle to
uches the x-axis. If g =c 2 => circle lies completely above or below the x-axis.
If g <C 3. POSITION OF A POINT w.r.t. A ide the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx c O 0 . No
te : The greatest centre C & radius r is AC + 4. LINE & A CIRCLE: Let L = 0 be a
line & S = 0 be a circle. If r is the radius of the circle & p is the length of
the perpendicularfrom,the centre on the line, th en: (i) p > r < > the line doe
s not meet the circle i. e. passes out side the ci rcle. = (ii) p = r o the line
touches the circle. (iii) p < r o the line is a se cant of the circle. (iv) p =
0 => the line is a diameter of the circle. PARAME T RIC EQUATIONS OF A CIRCLE:
The parametric equations of (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2 are: x = h + rcos9 ; y = k
+ rsin9 ; -TC < 0 < T where (h, k) is the centre, C r is the radius & 9 is a par
ameter. Note that equation of a straight line joining two point a & (3 on the ci
rcle x2 + y2 = a2 is a+B , . a+B a-B x cos + y sin = a cos - . 5. (!%Bansal Class
es Circles [12] CIRCLE : The point (x t , yj) is inside, on or outs + 2fy+ c~ U.
according as Xj2 + y 2 + 2gx, + 2fv, + & the least distance of a point Afrom a
circle with r & AC - r respectively. (Xi,yi) p\
6. (a) TANGENT & NORMAL: The equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 +y 2 = a2
at its point (x t , y t ) is, xxj + y y, = a2. Hence equation of a tangent at (
a cos a , a sina) is; x cos a + y sin a = a. The point of intersection of the ta
ngents a t the points P(a) and Q(f3) is acos 2 a-fl a+ff asrn^-11 a-p . a+6 (b) (
c) C S x - vcos - 2 O uo The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx
+ 2 fy + c = 0 at its point (x t , yj) is XX, + yyj + g (x + X j ) + f (y + yj)
+ c = 0. y = mx + c is always a tangent to the circle x 2 +y 2 =a 2 if c2 = a2 (
1 + m2) and the point of contact ( a 2 a 2\ m is c cJ (d) If a line is normal/or
thogonal to a circle then it must pass through the centre of the circle. Using t
his fact normal to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at(x ; , y,) is y_y =
Z (X-Xl). i x,+g 7. (a) (b) (c) A FAMILY OF CIRCLES : The equation of the family o
f circles passing through the points of intersection of two circles St = 0 & S2
= 0is : S ! + K S 2 = 0 (K*-l). The equation of the family of circles passing th
rough the point of intersection of a circle S = 0 & a line L = 0 is given by S+K
L = 0. The equation of a family of circles passing through two given points (x},
y t ) & i n the form: , y2) can be written y i (x-x 1 )(x-x 2 ) + ( y - y 1 ) (
y - y 2 ) + K Y 1 = 0 where K is a paramete r. i x2 y2 i (d) The equation of a
family of circles touching afixedline y - yL = m (x - x}) at thefixedpoint (xL,
yj) is (x - x t ) 2 + (y - yx)2 + K [y - yj - m (x - Xj)] = 0, where K is a para
meter. In case the line through (xj, yj) is parallel to y - axis the equation of
the family of circles touching it at (Xj, y t ) becomes ( x - x,)2 + (y - y^ 2
+ K (x - Xj) = 0. Also if line is parallel to x - axis the equation of the famil
y of circles touching it at (xiYi) becomes ( x - X j ) 2 + ( y - y ^ 2 + K ( y y i ) = 0. Equation of circle circumscribing a triangle who se sides are given b
y Lj = 0 ; L2 = 0 & L3 = 0 is given by; LjL2 + A. L2L3 + \x L3Lj = 0 provided co
-efficient of xy = 0 & co-efficient of x2 = co-efficient of y2. Equation of circ
le circumscribing a quadrilateral whose side in order are re presented by the li
nes Lj = 0, L2 = 0, L 3 = 0 & L4 = 0 is L,L 3 + A L 2 L 4 = 0 provided co-effici
ent of x2 = co-efficient of y2 and co-efficient of xy=0. LENG TH OF A TANGENT AN
D POWER OF A POINT : The length of a tangent from an external point (x t , y^ to
the circle S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is given by L= Jx 1 2 +y 1 2 +2gx,+2
f 1 y+c = Js^. Square of length of the tangent from the point P is also called T
HE POWER OF POINT w.r.t. a circle. Power of a point remains co nstant w.r.t. a c
ircle. Note that : power of a point Pis positive, negative or z ero according as
the point 'P'is outside, inside or on the circle respectively.
(e) (f) 8. (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
9. DIRECTOR CIRCLE : The locus ofthe point of intersection of two perpendicular

tangents is called th e DIRECTOR CIRCLE ofthe given circle. The director circle
of a circle is the con centric circle having radius equal to V2 times the origin
al circle. 10. EQUATION OF THE CHORD WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT: The equation of
the chord of the circle S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 in terms of its mid poin
t M(xj, yj) is y - yj = - - 1 - (x - Xj). This on simplication ca n be put in the
form Yj+r xxj + yyj + g (x + Xj) + f (y + yj) + c = Xj2 + Y!2 + 2gx} + 2fyj + c
which is designated by T = S,. Note that : the shortest chord of a circle passi
ng through a point 'M' inside the circle, is one chord whose midd le point is M.
11. CHORD O F C O N T A C T : If two tangents PTj & PT2 are drawn from the poin
t P (x ]; y t ) to the circle S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, the n the equatio
n of the chord of contact T t T 2 is: xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c = 0.
Xi 2 REMEMBER : (a) Chord of contact exists only if the point 'P' is not inside
. 2LR (b) Length of chord of contact T, T2 = (c) RL3 Area ofthe triangle formed
by the pair of the tangents & its chord of contac t = |> 2+T2 Where R is the rad
ius of the circle & L is the length of the tangent from (x1; y}) on S = 0. (d) (
e) (f) Angle between the pair of tangentsfrom(xt, yj) = tan 1 ' 2RL ^ vL2-*2/ wh
ere R=radius ; L = length of tangent. Equation of the circle circumscribing th e
triangle PTj T2 is: (x-Xj) (x + g) + ( y - y i ) (y + f) = 0. The joint equati
on of a pair of tangents drawn from the point A(xj,yj)to the circle x2 + y2 + 2g
x + 2fy + c = 0 is : S S ^ T 2 . Where S s x2 + y2 +2gx + 2 f y + c ; Sj =Xj2 +
y2 + 2gXj + 2fyj + c T= xxj + yyl + g(x + XJ) + f(y + y^ + c. POLE & POLAR: 12.
(i) (ii) If through a point P in the plane of the circle, there be drawn any st
raight lin e to meet the circle in Q and R, the locus of the point of intersecti
on of the t angents at Q & R is called the POLAR O F THE POINT P ; also P is cal
led the POLE O F THE POLAR. The equation to the polar of a point P (xj, y,) w.r.
t. the circl e x2 + y2 = a2 is given by xxj + yy t =s a 2 , & if the circle is g
eneral then t he equation of the polar becomes xx1 + yy,+g(x + Xj) + f (y + y^ +
c = 0. Note t hat if the point (x t , yj) be on the circle then the chord of co
ntact, tangent & polar will be represented by the same equation. Pole of a given
line Ax + By + C = 0 w.r.t. any circle x + y = a is 2 2 2
(iii) Aa2 Ba 2 ^ (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
(iv) (v) 13. (i) (ii) (iii) If the polar of a point P pass through a point Q, th
en the polar of Q passes thr ough P. Two lines L, & L2 are conjugate of each oth
er if Pole of Lj lies on L2 & vice versa Similarly two points P & Q are said to
be conjugate of each other if the polar of P passes through Q & vice-versa. COMM
ON TANGENTS TO TWO CIRCLES: W here the two circles neither intersect nor touch e
ach other, there are FOUR comm on tangents, two of them are transverse & the oth
ers are direct common tangents. When they intersect there are two common tangent
s, both of them being direct. W hen they touch each other: (a) EXTERNALLY : ther
e are three common tangents, two direct and one is the tangent at the point of c
ontact. (b) INTERNALLY: only one common tangent possible at their point of conta
ct. Length of an external common tangent & internal common tangent to the two ci
rcles is given by: L e W d 2 (iv) - ( r . r 2 ) 2 & L int= A /d2-(r 1 + r2) 2 .
(v) Where d = distance between the centres of the two circles. ^ & r2 are the ra
dii of the two circles. The direct common tangents meet at a point which divides
the line joining centre of circles externally in the ratio of their radii. Tran
sver se common tangents meet at a point which divides the line joining centre of
circ les internally in the ratio of their radii. RADICAL AXIS & RADICAL CENTRE
: The radical axis of two circles is the locus of points whose powers w.r.t. the
two c ircles are equal. The equation of radical axis of the two circles S j = 0
& S2 = 0 is given; S 1 - S 2 = 0 i.e. 2 ( g 1 - g 2 ) x + 2 ( f 1 - f 2 ) y + (
c 1 -c 2 ) = 0. NOTE THAT: If two circles intersect, then the radical axis is th
e commo n chord of the two circles. If two circles touch each other then the rad
ical axi
s is the common tangent of the two circles at the common point of contact. Radic
al axis is always perpendicular to the line joining the centres of the two circ
l es. Radical axis need not always pass through the mid point of the line joinin
g the centres of the two circles. Radical axis bisects a common tangent between
th e two circles. The common point of intersection of the radical axes of three
cir cles taken two at a time is called the radical centre of three circles. A sy
stem of circles, every two which have the same radical axis, is called a coaxal
syst em. Pairs of circles which do not have radical axis are concentric. ORTHOGO
NALIT Y OFTWO CIRCLES: Two circles St = 0 & S 2 =0 are said to be orthogonal or
said t o intersect orthogonally if the tangents at their point of intersection i
nclude a right angle. The condition for two circles to be orthogonal is : 2 g[ g
2 + 2 f j f 2 = Ci + C2 . 14. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 15. Note : (a) Loc
us of the centre of a variable circle orthogonal to twofixedcircle s is the radi
cal axis between the twofixedcircles. (b) . If two circles are orth ogonal, then
the polar of a point 'P' onfirstcircle w.r.t. the second circle pas ses through
the point Q which is the other end of the diameter through P . Hence locus of a
point which moves such that its polars w.r.t. the circles S j = 0, S 2 = 0 & S3
= 0 are concurrent in a circle which is orthogonal to all the three c ircles. (
!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
EXERCISE-I Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Find the equation of the circle circumscribing th

e triangle formed by the lines ; x + y = 6,2x + y = 4& x + 2y = 5, without findi
ng the vert ices of the triangle. If the lines a, x + b, y + Cj = 0 & a2X + b2y
+ c 2 =0 cut the coordinate axes in concyclic points. Prove that aj bj b2. One o
f the diamet ers of the circle circumscribing the rectangle ABCD is4y=x + 7. If
A& B are the points (-3,4) & (5,4) respectively. Then find the area of the recta
ngle. Lines 5 x + 12y - 10 = 0 & 5 x - 12y-40 = 0 touch a circle Cj of diameter
6. If the cent re of Cj lies in the first quadrant, find the equation of the cir
cle C2 which is concentric with C} & cuts interceptes of length 8 on these lines
. Find the equa tion of the circle inscribed in a triangle formed by the lines 3
x + 4y = 12; 5x + 12y = 4 & 8y = 15x + 10 withoutfindingthe vertices of the tria
ngle. Find the e quation of the circles passing through the point (2,8), touchin
g the lines 4x 3y - 24 = 0 & 4x + 3y - 42 = 0 & having x coordinate of the centr
e of the circle less than or equal to 8. Find the equation of a circle which is
co-axial with c ircles 2x2 + 2y2 - 2x + 6y - 3 = 0 & x2 + y2 + 4x + 2y + 1 = 0.
It is given that the centre of the circle to be determined lies on the radical a
xis of these two circles. Let A be the centre of the circle x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y 20 = 0. Suppose that the tangents at the points B(1,7) & D(4,-2) on the circle m
eet at the point C. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD. The radical axis of
the circles x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and 2x2 + 2y2 + 3x + 8y + 2c = 0 touche
s the circle x2 + y2 + 2x - 2y + 1 = 0. Show that either g = 3/4 or f = 2 . Q 5.
Q 6. Q 7. Q 8. Q 9. Q. 10 Find the equation of the circle through the points of
intersection of circ les x 2 +y 2 -4x-6y-12=0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 4y - 12 = 0 &
cutting the circle x2 + y2 - 2x - 4 = 0 orthogonally. Q 11. Consider a curve ax
2 +2 hxy + by2 = 1 and a point P not on the curve. Aline is drawnfromthe point P
intersects the curve at points Q & R. If the product PQ. PR is independent of t
he slope of the line, then show that the curve is a circle. Q 12, Find the equat
ions of the circles wh ich have the radius Vl3 & which touch the line 2x-3y+1 =
0at(l, 1). Q 13. A circ le is described to pass through the origin and to touch
the lines x = 1, x + y = 2. Prove that the radius of the circle is a root of the
equation ^3 - 2-j2j t 2 - 2 j 2 t + 2 = 0. Q 14. The centre of the circle S = 0
lie on the line 2x-2y + 9 = 0 & S = 0 cuts orthogonally the circle x2 + y2 = 4.
Show that circle S = 0 passes through twofixedpoints &findtheir coordinates. Q
15. Show that the equati on x2 + y2 - 2x - 2 Ay - 8 = 0 represents, for differen
t values of A, a system o f circles passing through twofixedpoints A B on the x
- axis, andfindthe equatio n of that circle of the system the tangents to which
at A & B meet on the line x + 2y + 5 = 0. (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
Q 16. Find the equation ofthe circle which passes through the point (1, 1) & whi
ch touches the circle x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 3 = 0 at the point (2, 3) on it. Q 17
. Find the equation of a circle which touches the lines 7x2 - 18xy + 7y2 = 0 and
the circle x2 + y2 - 8x- 8y = 0 and is contained in the given circle. Q 18. Fin
d the equation of the circle which cuts the circle x2 + y2 -14x - 8y + 64 = 0 an
d the co-ordinate axes orthogonally. Q 19. Obtain the equations ofthe straight l
i nes passing through the point A(2,0)&making 45 angle with the tangent at A to t
he circle (x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 25. Find the equations of the circles each of ra
di us 3 whose centres are on these straight lines at a distance of 5 V2 from A.
Q 2 0. Find the equations of the circles whose centre lie on the line 4x + 3y 2 = 0 & to which the lines x + y + 4 = 0 & 7 x - y + 4 = 0 are tangents. Q 21. F
ind the equations to the four common tangents to the circles x2 + y2 = 25 and (x
-12) 2 + y2 = 9. Q 22. If 4/2 - 5m2 + 6/ + 1 = 0. Prove that /x + my + 1 = 0 tou
ches a definite circle. Find the centre & radius of the circle. Q 23. Find the c
ondi tion such that the four points in which the circle x2 + y2 + ax + by + c =
0 and x2 + y2 + a'x + b'y + c' = 0 are intercepted by the straight lines Ax + By
+ C = 0 & A'x + B'y + C' = 0 respectively, lie on another circle. Q 24. Show th
at th e equation of a straight line meeting the circle x2 + y2 = a2 in two point
s at e qual distances d2 'd' from a point (x}, yj) on its circumference is xxt +
yy} a + = 0. 2 Q 25. If the equations of the two circles whose radii are a & a'
be respectively S = 0 & S - 0, then prove that S S' the circles + = 0 will cut e
ach other ortho gonally, a a Q 26. Let a circle be given by 2x (x - a) + y (2y b) = 0, (a * 0, b ^ 0). Find the condition on a & b if two chords, each bisecte
d by the x-axis, can be drawn to the circle from v ^j Q 27. Prove that the lengt
h of the common chord of the two circles x2 + y2 = a2 and (x - c)2 + y2 = b2 is
-7(a+b+c)(a-b+c)(a+b-c)(-a+b+c) . c Q 28. Find the equ ation of the circle passi
ng through the points A (4,3) & B (2, 5) & touching the axis of y. Also find the
point P on the y-axis such that the angle APB has larg est magnitude. Q 29. Fin
d the equations of straight lines which pass through the intersection of the lin
es x - 2y - 5 = 0, 7x + y = 50 & divide the circumferenc e of the circle x2 + y2
= 100 into two arcs whose lengths are in the ratio 2:1. Q 30. Find the equation
of the circle which cuts each of the circles x2 + y2 = 4 , x2 + y 2 - 6 x - 8 y
+ 10=0 & x2 + y2 + 2 x - 4 y - 2 = 0 at the extremities o f a diameter. (!%Bans
al Classes Circles [12]
EXER CISE-II Q 1. A point moves such that the sum of the squares of its distance
fromthe sides of a square of side unity is equal to 9. Show that the locus is a
circle whose centre coincides with centre of the square. Find also its radius. A
triangle has two of its sides along the coordinate axes, its third side touches
the circle x 2 + y2 - 2ax - 2ay + a2 = 0. Prove that the locus of the circumcen
tre of the tri angle is : a2 - 2a (x + y) + 2xy = 0. A variable circle passes th
rough the point A (a, b) & touches the x-axis; show that the locus ofthe other e
nd of the diame ter through A is (x - a)2 = 4by. (a) Find the locus of the middl
e point of the c hord of the circle, x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 which subtends
a right angle at the point (a, b). Show that locus is a circle. Let S= x 2 +y 2
+ 2gx+2fy+c=0 be a given circle. Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular
drawnfromthe ori gin upon any chord of S which sustends a right angle at the or
igin. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. (b) Q 5. A variable straight line moves so that the product
ofthe perpendiculars on itfro mthe twofixedpoints (a, 0) & (- a, 0) is a consta
nt equal to c2 . Prove that the locus ofthe feet of the perpendiculars from each
of these points upon the strai ght line is a circle, the same for each. Showtha
t the locus of the centres of a circle which cuts two given circles orthogonally
is a straight line & hence dedu ce the locus of the centers of the circles whic
h cut the circles x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 9 = 0 & x2 + y2 - 5x + 4y + 2 = 0 orthogonal
ly . Afixed circle is cut by af amilyofcirclespassingthroughtwofixedpointsA(x1,y
1)andB(x2,y2). Show that the cho rd ofintersection ofthefixedcircle with any one
ofthe circles offamily passes th rough afixedpoint. The sides of a variable tri
angle touch the circle x2 + y2 = a 2 and two of the vertices are on the line y2
- b2 = 0 (b > a > 0) . Show that th e locus of the third vertex is; (a2 - b2) x2
+ (a2 + b2) y2 = (a(a2 + b2))2. Sho w that the locus of the point the tangentsf
romwhich to the circle x2 + y2 - a2 = 0 include a constant angle a is (x2 + y2 2a2)2 tan2 a = 4a2 (x2 + y2 - a 2 ). Q 6. Q 7. Q 8. Q 9. Q 10. ' O' is afixedpo
int & P a point which moves along afixedstraight line not passing through O; Q i
s taken on OP such that OP. OQ=K(constant) . Prove that th e locus of Q is a cir
cle. Explain how the locus of Q can still be regarded as a circle even if thefix
edstraight line passes through 'O'. Q 11. P is a variable p oint on the circle w
ith centre at C. CA & CB are perpendiculars from C on x-axis & y-axis respective
ly. Show that the locus of the centroid of the triangle PAB is a circle with cen
tre at the centroid of the triangle CAB & radius equal to on e third of the radi
us ofthe given circle. Q 12. A(-a, 0) ; B(a,0) arefixedpoints . C is a point whi
ch divides AB in a constant ratio tana. If AC & CB subtend equ al angles at P, p
rove that the equation ofthe locus of P is x2 + y2 + 2ax sec2a + a2 = 0. Bansal
Classes Circles
Q 13. The circle x2 + y2 +2ax- c2 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2bx- c2 = 0 intersect at Aan

d B. Aline through Ameets one circle at P and a parallel line through B meets t
h e other circle at Q. Show that the locus of the mid point of PQ is a circle. Q
1 4. Find the locus of a point which is at a least distance from x2 + y2 = b2 &
th is least distance is equal to its distance from the straight line x = a. Q 1
5. T he base of a triangle is fixed. Find the locus of the vertex when one base
angle is double the other. Assume the base of the triangle as x-axis with mid po
int a s origin & the length ofthe base as 2a. Q 16. An isosceles right angled tr
iangle whose sides are 1, 1, V2 lies entirely in thefirstquadrant with the ends
of the hypotenuse on the coordinate axes. If it slides prove that the locus of i
ts cen troid is (3x-y) 2 + ( x - 3 y ) 2 = - 3 ^ . Q 17. The circle x2 + y2 - 4x
- 4y + 4 = 0 is inscribed in a triangle which has two of its sides along the co
ordinat e axes. The locus of the circumcentre ofthe triangle is: x + y - xy + K
^ / P + y 1 = 0. Find K. * Q 18. Find the locus of the point ofintersection of t
wo perpendicular straight l ines each of which touches one of the two circles (x
- a)2 + y2 = b 2 , (x + a)2 + y2 = c2 and prove that the bisectors of the angle
s between the straight lines always touch one or the other of two otherfixedcirc
les. Q.19 Find the locus oft he mid point of the chord of a circle x2 + y2 = 4 s
uch that the segment intercep ted by the chord on the curve x2 - 2x - 2y = 0 sub
tends a right angle at the ori gin. Q 20. TheendsAB ofafixedstraightlineoflength
'a'&endsA'&B'ofanotherfixedstra ightlineoflength 'b' slide upon the axis ofx&the
axis ofy (one end on axis of x& the other on axis of y). Find the locus of the
centre of the circle passing thr ough A, B, A' & B'. Q 21. The foot of the perpe
ndicularfromthe origin to a varia ble tangent of the circle x 2 +y 2 - 2x = 0 is
N. Find the equation ofthe locus ofN. Q 22, Find the locus of the mid point of
all chords of the circle x 2 +y 2 - 2x - 2y = 0 such that the pair of lines join
ing (0,0) & the point of intersect ion of the chords with the circles make equal
angle with axis of x. Q 23. P (a) & Q (p) are the two points on the circle havi
ng origin as its centre & radius 'a ' & AB is the diameter along the axis of x.
If a - p = 2 y, then prove that the locus of intersection of AP & BQ is x2 + y2
- 2 ay tany = a2. Q 24. Show that th e locus of the harmonic conjugate of a give
n point P (xl5 y t ) w.r.t. the two p oints in which any line through P cuts the
circle x2 + y2 = a2 is xxj + yy} = a2 . Q 25. Find the equation of the circle w
hich passes through the origin, meets t he x-axis orthogonally & cuts the circle
x2 + y2 = a2 at an angle of 45. (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
EXERCISE-III Q.l (a) (b) The intercept on the line y=x bythe circle x 2 + y 2 2 x = 0 isAB . Equation ofthe circle with AB as a diameter is . The angle betwee
n a pair of t angents drawn from a point P to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 9 s
in2a + 13 cos2 a = 0 is 2 a. The equation of the locus of the point P is : (A) x
2 + y2 + 4 x 6 y + 4 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 9 = 0 2 2 (C) x + y + 4 x - 6 y
- 4 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 + 4 x - 6y + 9 = 0 Find the intervals of values of a for wh
ich the line y + x = 0 bisects two chords drawn from a ' l + V2a 1-V2a 1 rpoint
, - to the ci rcle; 2x 2 +2y 2 - (1+V2 a) x - (1 - V2 a) y = 0. V 2 (c) J [JEE'9
6, 1+1+5] Q.2 Q.3 Atangent drawnfromthe point (4,0)tothecircle x2+y2 = 8 t ouche
s it at apointAin the first quadrant. Find the coordinates of the another p oint
B on the circle such that AB = 4. [ REE '96, 6 ] (a) (b) The chords of cont act
of the pair of tangents drawn from each point on the line 2x + y = 4 to the cir
cle x2 + y2 = 1 pass through the point . Let C be any circle with centre (o, 42
) Prove that at the most two rational point can be there on C. (A rational po in
t is a point both of whose co-ordinate are rational numbers). [JEE '97, 2+5] 2 2
2 2 The number of common tangents to the circle x + y = 4 & x + y - 6x - 8y = 2
4 is : (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4 Cj & C2 are two concentric circles, the radius of
C2 being twice that of Cj. From a point P on C2, tangents PA & PB are drawn t o
C}. Prove that the centroid of the triangle PAB lies on C j. [ JEE '98, 2 + 8 ]
Q.4 (a) (b) Q. 5 Q.6 Find the equation of a circle which touches the line x + y
= 5 at the point (-2, 7) and cuts the circle x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 9 = 0 orthogon
ally. [ REE '98, 6 ] ( a) If two distinct chords, drawn from the point (p, q) on
the circle x2 + y2 = p x + qy (where pq q) are bisected by the x-axis, then: (A
) p2 = q2 (B) p2 = 8q2 ( C) p2 < 8q2 (D)p2>8q2 Let Lj be a straight line through
the origin and L2 be the straight line x+y = 1. If the intercepts made by the c
ircle x2 + y2 - x + 3y = 0 on L} & L2 are equal, then which of the following equ
ations can represent Lj? (A) x + y = 0 (B)x-y = 0 ( C ) x + 7y = 0 (D)x-7y = 0 L
et Tj, T2 be two tangents drawnfrom( - 2,0) onto the circle C: x2 + y2 = 1. Dete
rmine the circles touchin g C and having T t , T2 as their pair of tangents. Fur
ther,findthe equations of all possible common tangents to these circles, when ta
ken two at a time. [ JEE ' 99, 2 + 3 + 10 (out of200) ] 2 2 The triangle PQR is
inscribed in the circle, x + y = 25. IfQ and Rhave co-ordinates (3,4) & ( - 4,3)
respectively, then Z QPR i s equal to : (A) (b) (B) f (C) f (D) f If the circle
s, x2 + y2 + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 & x2 + y2 + 2 ky + k = 0 intersect orthogonally, t
hen 'k' is: (A) 2 or - | (B) - 2 or - | (C) 2 or | (D) - 2 or \ [ JEE '2000 (Scr
eening) 1 + 1 ] (b) (c) Q.7 (a)
^Bansal Classes Circles [10]
Q.8 (a) (b) Extremities of a diagonal of a rectangle are (0,0) & (4,3). Find the
equation of the tangents to the circumcircle of a rectangle which are parallel
to this diago nal. A circle of radius 2 units rolls on the outerside of the circ
le, x2 + y2 + 4 x = 0, touching it externally. Find the locus ofthe centre ofthi
s outer circle . Alsofindthe equations of the common tangents of the two circles
when the line joining the centres ofthe two circles makes on angle of 60 with xaxis. [REE '200 0 (Mains) 3 + 5] Let PQ and RS be tangents at the extremities of
the diameter PR of a circle of radius r. IfPS and RQ intersect at a point X on
the circumferenc e of the circle then 2r equals Q.9 (a) [JEE'2001 (Screening) 1
out of 35] (b) Let 2x + y - 3xy = 0 be the equation of a pair of tangents drawn
from the origin 'O' to a circle of radius 3 with centre in thefirstquadrant. IfA
is one ofthe points of contact,findthe length of OA [JEE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of
100] Find the equation of the circle which passes throug h the points of interse
ction of circles x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y + 6 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x - 6y + 6 = 0 and int
ersects the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 4 0 orthogonally. [ REE '2001 (Mains) 3 o
ut of 100 ] Tangents TP and TQ are drawnfroma point T to the circle x2 + y2 = a2
. If the point T lies on the line px + qy = r,findthe loc us of centre of the ci
rcumcircle of triangle TPQ. [ REE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 1 00 ] If the tangent a
t the point P on the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 6y = 2 meets the straight line 5x - 2
y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on the y-axis, then the length of PQ is (A) 4 (B)2V5 (C)5
(D)3V5 If a > 2b > 0 then the positive value of m for whic h y = mx-b-Jl + m is
a common tangent to x2 + y2 = b2 and (x - a)2 + y2 = b2 is 2b v'a2 - 4 b 2 2b (
C) 2 2 Q. 10 (a) (b) Q. 11 (a) (b) b W - z T T-Tib [ JEE '2002 (Scr)3 + 3 out of
270] Q .12 The radius of the circle, having centre at (2, 1), whose one of the c
hord is a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 2x 6y + 6 = 0 (A)l (B)2 (C)3 (D)V3 [JEE
'2004 (Scr)] Q.13 Line2x + 3y+ 1 = 0 is a tangent to a circle at (1,-1). Thi s c
ircle is orthogonal to a circle which is drawn having diameter as a line segm en
t with end points (0,-1) and (- 2,3). Find equation of circle. [JEE'2004, 4 ou t
of 60] 2 2 Q.14 A circle is given by x + (y -1) = 1, another circle C touches i
t externally and also the x-axis, then the locus of its centre is (A){(x,y):x 2
= 4y}u{(x,y):y = 0} (B) {(x, y) : x2 + (y - 1)2 = 4} u {x, y): y = 0} (C) {(x,
y): x2 = y} VJ {(0, y): y = 0} (D*) {(x, y): x2 = 4y} u {(0, y): y = 0} [JEE '20
05 (Scr)] (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
ANSWER Q 1. x + y - 17x - 19y + 50 = 0 Q 5. x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 - 0 Q 7. 4x2 +

4y2 + 6x + lOy- 1 = 0 2 2 KEY Q 4. x2 + y2 - lOx-4y + 4 = 0 f EXERCISE-I Q 3. 3
2 sq. unit Q 6. centre (2 ,3), r = 5 ; centre Q 8. 75 sq.units 182 " 2 0 5 Q 10.
x2 + y2 + 16x+ 14y- 12 = 0 Q 14. ( - 4, 4) ; f _ 1 V Q 12. x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y =
0 OR x2 + y2 + 2 x - 8 y + 4 = 0 Q 15. x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y - 8 = 0 Q 16. x2 + y2 +
x - 6y + 3 = 0 2 2 Q 17. x + y 12x -12y + 64 = 0 Q18. x2 + y2 = 64 Q 19. x - 7y
= 2, 7x + y = 14 ; (x - l) 2 + (y - 7)2 = 32 ; ( x - 3 ) 2 + (y + 7)2 = 32 ; (x
- 9)2 + (y - l) 2 = 32 ; (x + 5)2 + (y + I)2 = 32 Q 20. x2 + y2 - 4x + 4y = 0 ;
x2 + y2 + 8x - 12y + 34 = 0 Q 21. 2 x - V 5 y - 1 5 = 0, 2 x + V 5 y - 1 5 = 0
, x - ^ I J y - 3 0 = 0, x + ^/ 35 y - 3 0 = 0 Q 22. Centre = (3, 0), 1 (radius)
= S = 2 2 2 2 I 2' 2 J a-a' b-b' Q 23. A B C A' B' c-c' C Q 26. (a2 > 2b2) Q 28
. x + y - 4x - 6y + 9 = 0 OR x + y - 2 0 x - 2 2 y + 1 2 1 =0, P(O,3),0 = 45 Q 29
. 4x - 3y - 25 = 0 OR 3x + 4 y - 2 5 = 0 Q 30. x2 + y 2 - 4 x - 6 y - 4 = 0 EXER
CISE-II Ql. r = 2 Q 4. (b) 2(x + y ) + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Q 6. 9 x - 10y + 7 = 0
Q 10. al ine 2 2 2 2 Q 14. y = (b + a) (b + a - 2x) OR y = (b - a) (b - a + 2x)
Q 15. 3 x - y 2 a x - a 2 = 0 Q 17. K = 1 Q 18. { cy + b(x + a)}2 + { - by c(x a)}2 = (a 2 - x2 - y2)2 Q 19. x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y = 0 Q 20. (2ax - 2by)2 + (2bx 2ay)2 = (a 2 - b2)2 Q 21. (x2 + y2 - x ) 2 = x2 + y2 Q 22. x + y = 2 Q 25. x2 +
y2 aV2 x = 0 2 2 EXER CISE-II I ( n2 f if 1 Q.l (a) x + yI = - , (b) D, (c) ( - 0
0, -2) u (2,00) Q.2 (2, -2) or (2, 2) Q.3 (a) (1/2, 1/4) 2J 2 V 2 y V 2 4- 2 2 +
y2 . 7 x - l l y +38 = 0 Q.4 (a) B Q.5 x + Q.6 (a) D (b) B, C (c) Cl : ( x - 4 )
2 + y2 = 9 ; c2 : + +y2= I
common tangent between c & Cj : Tj = 0; T2 = 0 and x - 1 = 0 ; common tangent be

tween c & c2 : T t = 0; T2 = 0 and x + 1 = 0 ; common tangent between c, & c2 :
T, = 0 ; T, = 0 and y = -jL= ^x + where ^ : x - V 3 y + 2 = 0 and T2 : x + v /
3 y + 2 = 0 Q.7 Q.8 (a) C (b) A (a) 6 x - 8 y + 25 = 0 & 6 x - 8 y - 2 5 = 0 (b)
x2 + y2 + 4 x - 12= 0, T. : V3x-y + 2^3 +4 = 0, T2 : V 3 x - y + 2V3-4 = 0(D.C.
T .) T 3 : x + V 3 y - 2 = 0, T4 : x + V3y + 3 = 0 (T.C.T.) Q.9 (a) A ; (b).OA=3
(3 +V10) Q.ll (a) C ; (b). A Q.12 C Q.IO (a) x2 + y2 + 14x-6y + 6 = 0 ; (b) 2px
+ 2qy = r Q.13 2x2 + 2 y 2 - 1 0 x - 5 y + 1 = 0 (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]
BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI(PQRS) PERMUTATION AND COMBINAT
ION CONTENTS KEY- CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER-KEY
KEY DEFINITIONS: 1. PERMUTATION 2. CONCEPTS : Each ofthe arrangements in a defin

ite order which can be made by taking some o r all ofa number of things is calle
d a P E R M U T A T I O N . COMBINATION: Each of the groups or mber ofthings wit
hout d a C O M B I N A T I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE selections which can be made by
taking some or all of a nu reference to the order ofthe things in each group is
calle O N . OF COUNTING:
If an event can occur in'm' different ways, following which another event can oc
cur in'/?' different ways, then the total number of different ways of simultane
o us occurrence of both events in a definite order is m x n. This can be extende
d to any number of events. RESULTS: (i) A Useful Notation :n! = n ( n - l ) ( n
- 2 ) 3. 2. 1 ; n! =n. ( n - 1) ! n 0! = 1! = 1 ; (2n)! = 2 . n ! [1. 3. 5. 7...
(2n- 1)] Note that factorials of negativ e integers are not defined. If nPr deno
tes the number of permutations of n diffe rent things, taking r at a time, then
n! n Pr = n (n - 1) (n - 2) ( n - r + 1)= ( n _ r ) j Note that, nPn = n !. If n
Cr denotes the number of combinations of n different things taken r at a time, t
hen n n! p n Cr = . = L where r < n ; n e N and r e W . r!(n-r)! rj The number o
fways in which (m+n) different things can be divided into two groups containing
m & n things respectively is : ( m + n ) if m=n, the groups are equal & in this
case the number of subdivision m!n! ; fo r in any one way it is possible to inte
rchange the two groups without obtaining a new n!n!2! distribution. However, if
2n things are to be divided equally betwe en two persons then the number of (2n)
! ways = n!n! Number ofways in which (m + n + p) different things can be divided
into three groups containing m, n & p thi ngs respectively is m! n!p! 5 (ii) (i
ii) (iv) is (v) m ^ n ^ p. /A \ I If m = n = p then the number of groups^ (vi) (
3n)! However, if 3 n things are to be divided equally among three people then t
he number of ways = . (n!) The number ofpermutations ofn things taken all at a t
ime whenp of them are similar & of one type, q of them are similar & of another
type, r of them are similar & of a third type & the remaining I n - (p + q + r)
are all different is: -. p!q!r! The number of circular permutations ofn different
things taken all at a time is; (n-1)!. Ifclockwise& anti-clockwise circular perm
utations are considered to be same, then it is Note : Number of circular permut
a tions ofn things when p alike and the rest different taken all at a time disti
ng uishing clockwise and anticlockwise arrangement is^. p! n!n!n!3!' (vii) (!iBans
alClasses Permutation and Combination [7]
(viii) n Given n different objects, the number of ways of selecting atleast one
of them i s , C[ + nC2 + nC3 + + nCn = 2n - 1. This can also be stated as the to
tal number of combinations of n distinct things. (ix) Total number of ways in wh
ich it is possible to make a selection by taking some or all out of p+q+r+ thing
s, where p are alike of one kind, q alike of a second kind, r alike of third kin
d & so on is given by: (p+ l ) ( q + l ) ( r + 1) -1. Number of ways in which it
is possible to make a selection ofm + n + p = N thing s, where p are alike of o
ne kind, m alike of second kind & n alike of third kind taken r at a time is giv
en by coefficient of xr in the expansion of (1 + X + X 2 + + X ? ) ( 1 + X + X2+
+ X m ) (1 + X + X2 + +xn). (x) Note : Remember that coefficient ofx r in (1 -x
) _n = n+r_1 C r (n e N). For exa mple the number ofways in which a selection of
four letters can be madefromthe l etters of the word PROPORTION is given by coe
fficient of x4 in (1 + x + x2 + x3) (1 + x + x2) (1 + x + x2) (1 + x) (1 + x) (1
+ x). (xi) (xii) (xiii) Number ofw ays in which n distinct things can be distri
buted to p persons if there is no re striction to the number of things received
by men = pn. Number of ways in which n identical things may be distributed among
p persons if each person may receive none, one or more things is; n+p_1 Cn. a.
c. (xiv) (xv) n n n C r = n C n _ r ; n C 0 = nCn = 1 c r + nCr_! = n+1Cr ; b. n
Cx = nCy =>x = y orx + y = n Cr is maximum if: (a) r = y if n is even, (b) r =
o r - y - if n is odd. Let N = p8- qb- r- where p, q, r. are distinct primes & a,
b, c are natural numbe rs then: (a) The total numbers of divisors ofN including
1 & N is = (a + 1 )(b + 1 )(c + 1) (b) (c) The sum ofthese divisors is - (p + p1
+ p2+.... +p a )(q+q 1 + q2+.... + qb) (r +r 1 + r 2 +....+r).... Number of ways i
n which N can be resolve d as a product of two . factors is (d) 4(a + l)(b + l)(
c +1).... if N is not a p erfect square j [(a + l)(b + l)(c +1).... +1] if N is
a perfect square (xvi) Number of ways in which a composite number N can be resol
ved into two factors wh ich are relatively prime (or coprime) to each other is e
qual to 2 n_I where n is the number of different prime factors inN. [ Refer Q.No
.28 of Ex-I ] Grid Probl ems and tree diagrams. DEARRANGEMENT: Number of ways in
which n letters can be placed in n directed let ters so that no letter goes int
o its own envelope is = n!
1 1 2! + + 3! 4! 1 / IV +(-1) . v ' n! 1 (xvii) S ome times studentsfindit diffic

ult to decide whether a problem is on pe rmutation or combination or both. Based
on certain words / phrases occuring in t he problem we can fairly decide its na
ture as per the following table: PROBLEMS OF COMBINATIONS PROBLEMS OF PERMUTATIO
NS Selections, choose Distributed group is formed Committee Geometrical problems
Arrangements Standing in a line seated in a row IB problems on digits Problems
o n letters from a word (!i Bansal Classes Permutation and Combination [7]
EXERCISE-I Q.l (a) (b) (c) In how many ways 8 persons can be seated on a round t
able If two of them (say Aand B) must not sit in adjacent seats. If 4 of the per
sons are me n and 4 ladies and if no two men are to be in adjacent seats. If 8 p
ersons const itute 4 married couples and if no husband and wife, as well as no t
wo men, are t o be in adjacent seats? A box contains 2 white balls, 3 black ball
s & 4 red ball s. In how many ways can 3 balls be selected from the box if atlea
st 1 black is t o be included in the draw ? How manyfivedigits numbers divisible
by 3 can be for med using the digits 0, l,2,3,4,7and8 ifeach digit is to be use
d atmost once. Du ring a draw of lottery, tickets bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, , 40,
6 tickets are dra wn out & then arranged in the descending order of their numbe
rs. In how many way s, it is possible to have 4th ticket bearing number 25. In h
ow many ways can a t eam of 6 horses be selected out of a stud of 16, so that th
ere shall always be 3 out of AB C A' B' C ' , but never A A ' , B B' or C C' tog
ether. 5 boys & 4 gir ls sit in a straight line. Find the number ofways in which
they can be seated if 2 girls are together & the other 2 are also together but
separatefromthefirst2. In how many ways can you divide a pack of 52 cards equall
y among 4 players. In how many ways the cards can be divided in 4 sets, 3 of the
m having 17 cards each & the 4th with 1 card. Find the number ofways in which 2
identical kings can be placed on an 8 x 8 board so that the kings are not in adj
acent squares. How man y on n x m chessboard? The Indian cricket team with eleve
n players, the team man ager, the physiotherapist and two umpires are to travelf
romthe hotel where they are staying to the stadium where the test match is to be
played. Four of them re siding in the same town own cars, each a four seater wh
ich they will drive thems elves. The bus which was to pick them up failed to arr
ive in time after leaving the opposite team at the stadium. In howmany ways can
they be seated in the cars ? In how many ways can they travel by these cars so a
s to reach in time, if the seating arrangement in each car is immaterial and all
the cars reach the stadiu m by the same route. Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q. 8 Q.9
Q.IO How many 4 digit numbers are there which contains not more than 2 differen
t digits? Q.ll An examination paper consists of 12 questions divided into parts
A & B. Part-A contains 7 questions & Part - B contains 5 questions. A candidate
i s required to attempt 8 questions selecting atleast 3fromeach part. In how man
y maximum ways can the candidate select the questions ? A crew of an eight oar b
oa t has to be chosen out of 11 menfiveof whom can row on stroke side only, four
on the bow side only, and the remaining two on either side. How many different
sel ections can be made? Q.12 faBansal Classes Permutation and Combination [4]
Q.13 There are p intermediate stations on a railway line from one terminus to an
other . In how many ways can a train stop at 3 of these intermediate stations if
no 2 of these stopping stations are to be consecutive ? The straight lines l x
, l2 & /3 are parallel & lie in the same plane. A total of m points are taken on
the l ine /j, n points on l2 & k points on /3. How many maximum number oftriang
les are there whose vertices are at these points? Q.14 Q. 15 Prove that if each
of m points in one straight line be joined to each of n in another by straight l
ines terminated by the points, then excluding the given points, the lines will i
ntersect mn(m - l)(n -1) times. 4 Q.16 Afirmof Chartere d Accountants in Bombay
has to send 10 clerks to 5 different companies, two cler ks in each. Two of the
companies are in Bombay and the others are outside. Two o f the clerks prefer to
work in Bombay while three others prefer to work outside. In how many ways can
the assignment be made if the preferences are to be satisf ied. Q.17 Find the nu
mber of words each consisting of 3 consonants & 3 vowels th at can be formed fro
m the letters of the word "Circumference". In how many of th ese c's will be tog
ether. Q.18 There are n straight lines in a plane, no 2 of wh ich parallel, & no
3 pass through the same point. Their point of intersection ar e joined. Show th
at the number of fresh lines thus introduced is n(n-l)(n-2)(n-3) 8 Q. 19 Find th
e number of distinct throws which can be thrown with 'n' six face d normal dice
which are indistinguishable among themselves. Q . 20 There are 2 w omen particip
ating in a chess tournament. Every participant played 2 games with the other par
ticipants. The number of games that the men played between themselv es exceeded
by 66 as compared to the number of games that the men played with th e women. Fi
nd the number of participants & the total numbers of games played in the tournam
ent. Q.21 Find the number of ways 10 apples, 5 oranges & 5 mangoes ca n be distr
ibuted among 3 persons, each receiving none, one or more. Assume that the fruits
ofthe same species are ail alike. Q.22 All the 7 digit numbers contai ning each
of the digits 1,2,3,4, 5, 6,7 exactly once, and not divisible by 5 are arranged
in the increasing order. Find the (2004)th number in this list. Q. 23 (a) (b) (
c) How many divisors are there of the number x = 21600. Find also the s um of th
ese divisors. In how many ways the number 7056 can be resolved as a prod uct of
2 factors. Find the number of ways in which the number 300300 can be spli t into
2 factors which are relatively prime. Q. 24 There are 5 white, 4 yellow, 3 gree
n, 2 blue & 1 red ball. The balls are a ll identical except for colour. These ar
e to be arranged in a line in 5 places. Find the number of distinct arrangements
. (!i Bansal Classes Permutation and Combination [7]
Q.25 (1) 00 (iii) (iv) (v) Prove that: nPr = n"1Pr + r. n"1Pr_1 If 20 C r+2 = 20
C 2r _ 3 find 12 C r Find the ratio 20Cr to 25Cr when each of them has the grea
test value possible. Prove that n_1 C3 + C4 > nC3 if n > 7. Find r if 15C3r = 15
Cr+3 Q. 26 In a certain town the streets are arranged like the lines of a chess
board . There are 6 streets running north & south and 10 running east & west. Fi
nd the number ofways in which a man can gofromthe north-west corner to the south
-east corner covering the shortest possible distance in each case. Q.27 A train
goingf romCambridge to London stops at nine intermediate stations. 6 persons ent
er the train during the journey with 6 different tickets of the same class. How
many di fferent sets ofticket may they have had? Q.28 How many arrangements each
consist ing of 2 vowels & 2 consonants can be made out of the letters of the wo
rd4 DEVAS TATION' ? Q. 29 0 If'ri things are arranged in circular order, then sh
ow that th e number ofways of selecting four of the things no two ofwhich are co
nsecutive i s n(n - 5) (n - 6) (n - 7) 4! If the 'ri things are arranged in a ro
w, then show that the number of such sets of four is (n-3)(n-4)(n-5)(n-6) 4! (ii
) Q. 3 0 There are 20 books on Algebra & Calculus in our library. Prove that the
g reatest number of selections each ofwhich consists of 5 books on each topic i
s p ossible only when there are 10 books on each topic in the library. EXERCISEII Q. 1 There are 5 balls of different colours & 5 boxes of colours same as thos
e o f the balls. The number of ways in which the balls, 1 in each box could be p
lace d such that a ball does not go to the box ofits o^/n colour. How many integ
ral s olutions are there for the equation ;x + y + z + w = 29 when x > 0, y > 1,
z > 2 & w>0. There are counters available in 7 different colours. Counters are
all al ike except for the colour and they are atleast ten of each colour. Find t
he numb er ofways in which an arrangement of 10 counters can be made. How many o
f these will have counters of each colour. A man has 7 relatives, 4 of them are
ladies & 3 gentlemen; his wife has also 7 relatives, 3 of them are ladies & 4 ge
ntlemen. In how many ways can they invite a dinner party of 3 ladies & 3 gentlem
en so th at there are 3 of the man's relative & 3 of the wife's relatives? Find
the numbe r of 7 lettered words each consisting of 3 vowels and 4 consonants whi
ch can be formed using the letters ofthe word "DIFFERENTIATION". Q.2 Q. 3 Q.4 Q.
5 (!iBansalClasses Permutation and Combination [7]
Q.6 A shop sells 6 different flavours of ice-cream. In how many ways can a custo
mer choose 4 ice-cream cones if (1) they are all of different flavours (ii) they
are non necessarily of different flavours (iii) they contain only 3 different f
lavo urs (iv) they contain only 2 or 3 different flavours? 6 white & 6 black bal
ls of the same size are distributed among 10 different urns. Balls are alike exc
ept f or the colour & each urn can hold any number of balls. Find the number of
differ ent distribution ofthe balls so that there is atleast 1 ball in each urn.
There are 2n guests at a dinner party. Supposing that the master an d mistress
of the house have fixed seats opposite one another, and that there are two speci
fied gu ests who must not be placed next to one another. Show that the number of
ways in which the company can be placed is (2n - 2)! ,(4n2 - 6n+4). Eachof3 com
mittees has 1 vacancy which is to befilledfroma group of 6 people. Find the numb
er of wa ys the 3 vacancies can befilledi f ; (l) Each person can serve on atmos
t 1 commi ttee. (ii) There is no restriction on the number of committees on whic
h a person can serve. (iii) Each person can serve on atmost 2 committees. Q.7 Q.
8 Q.9 Q . 10 A party of 10 consists of 2 Americans, 2 Britishmen, 2 Chinese & 4
men of other nationalities (all different). Find the number of ways in which th
ey can stand in a row so that no two men ofthe same nationality are next to one
another . Find also the number of ways in which they can sit at a round table, Q
.ll 5 ba lls are to be placed in 3 boxes. Each box can hold all 5 balls. In how
many diff erent ways can we place the balls so that no box remains empty if, (i)
balls & b oxes are different (ii) balls are identical but boxes are different (
iii) balls are different but boxes are identical (iv) balls as well as boxes are
identical (v) balls as well as boxes are identical but boxes are kept in a row.
In how man y other ways can the letters of the word MULTIPLE be arranged; witho
ut changing the order of the vowels keeping the position of each vowelfixed& wit
hout changin g the relative order/position ofvowels & consonants. Q.12 (i) (ii)
(iii) Q.13 Find the number of ways in which the number 3 0 can be partitioned in
to thr ee unequal parts, each part being a natural number. What this number woul
d be if equal parts are also included. Q. 14 In an election for the managing com
mittee of a reputed club, the number of candidates contesting elections exceeds
the num ber of members to be elected by r (r > 0). If a voter can vote in 967 di
fferent ways to elect the managing committee by voting atleast 1 ofthem & can vo
te in 55 different ways to elect (r - 1 ) candidates by voting in the same manne
r. Find the number of candidates contesting the elections & the number of candid
ates los ing the elections. Q.15 Find the number of three digits numbersfrom100
to 999 in clusive which have any one digit that is the average ofthe other two.
(!i Bansal Classes Permutation and Combination [7]
Q.16 Prove by combinatorial argument that: n+I (a) C r = Cr + C r _ 1 /TA n + nif>

Jif . mr 4. n/ . m^ c c W 0 r 1 r- 1 r Q.17 4. 2 . C r-2 > C r . C 0' A man has
3 friends. In how many ways he can invite one friend everyday for dinn er on 6 s
uccessive nights so that nofriendis invited more than 3 times. 12 perso ns are t
o be seated at a square table, three on each side. 2 persons wish to sit on the
north side and two wish to sit on the east side. One other person insist s on oc
cupying the middle seat (which may be on any side). Find the number of wa ys the
y can be seated. There are 15 rowing clubs; two of the clubs have each 3 b oats
on the river;fiveothers have each 2 and the remaining eight have each 1;fin dthe
number ofways in which a list can be formed ofthe order ofthe 24 boats, obs erv
ing that the second boat of a club cannot be above the first and the third ab ov
e the second. How many ways are there in which a boat of the club having singl e
boat on the river is at the third place in the list formed above? 25 passenger
s arrive at a railway station & proceed to the neighbouring village. At the stat
ion there are 2 coaches accommodating 4 each & 3 carts accommodating 3 each, Fi
n d the number ofways in which they can proceed to the village assuming that the
c onveyances are always fully occupied & that the conveyances are all distingui
sha blefromeach other. An 8 oared boat is to be manned by a crew chosen from 14
men ofwhich 4 can only steer but can not row & the rest can row but cannot steer
. Of those who can row, 2 can row on the bow side. In how many ways can the crew
be arranged. Q.18 Q.19 Q.20 Q.21 Q. 22 How many 6 digits odd numbers greater th
an 60,0000 can be formed from the digits 5, 6, 7, 8,9,0 if (i) repetitions are n
ot allowed (ii) repetitions are al lowed. Q. 23 Find the sum of all numbers grea
ter than 10000 formed by using the digits 0 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 no digit being repeate
d in any number. Q. 24 The members of a chess club took part in a round robin co
mpetition in which each plays every one else once. All members scored the same n
umber of points, except four junior s whose total score were 17. J. How many mem
bers were there in the club? Assume that for each win a player scores 1 point, f
or di uw 1/2 point and zero for losi ng. Q.25 In Indo-Pak one day International
cricket match at Shaijah, India needs 14 runs to win just before the start ofthe
finalover. Find the number ofways in which India just manages to win the match (
i.e. scores exactly 14 runs), assumin g that all the runs are made off the bat &
the batsman can not score more than 4 runs off any ball.
Q.26 A man goes in for an examination in which there are of m marks for each pap
er; show that the number of ways the whole is I (m+ l)(2m 2 + 4m + 3). Q.27 The
number of of 1 sort, 2n of another sort & 2n of a 3rd sort can be ns so that eac
h may have 3 n things is 3 n 2 +3 n + I. (!iBansalClasses Permutation and Combin
ation [7]
4 papers with a maximum of getting 2m marks on ways in which 2n things divided b
etween 2 perso
Q. 28 Six faces of an ordinary cubical die marked with alphabets A, B, C, D, E a

nd F i s thrownntimes and the list of n alphabets showing up are noted. Find the
total number ofways in which among the alphabets A, B, C, D, E and F only three
of the m appear in the list. Q.29 Find the number of integer betwen 1 and 10000
with at least one 8 and atlea st one 9 as digits. Q.30 The number of combinatio
ns n together of 3n letters of which n are 'a' and n are 'b' and the rest unlike
is (n + 2). 2"- 1 . EXERCISE-III Q.l Let n & k be positive integers such that n
> kfr+1). The number of solutions (xj.xj,.... , x k ) , x j > 1, X j > 2,... ,
x k > k , all integers, satisfying Xj + X2+.... +x k =n, is . [ JEE '96,2 ] Q. 2
Q.3 (l) (ii) Find the total numb er of ways of selectingfivelettersfromthe lett
ers of the word INDEPENDENT. [REE' 97, 6] Select the correct alternative(s). Num
ber of divisors of the form 4n + 2 ( n > 0) of the integer 240 is (A) 4 (B) 8 (C
)10 [ JEE '98, 2 + 2 ] (D)3 An n-digit number is a positive number with exactly
'n' digits. Nine hundred dis tinct n-digit numbers are to be formed using only t
he three digits 2, 5&7. The s mallest value ofn for which this is possible is :
(A) 6 (B)7 (C)8 (D)9 How many different nine digit numbers can be formedfromthe
number 2233 55888 by rearrangi ng its digits so that the odd digits occupy even
positions ? [JEE '2000, (Scr)] (A) 16 (B) 36 (C) 60 (D) 180 Let Tn denote the nu
mber of triangles which can be formed using the vertices of a regular polygon of
' n' sides. If T n + 1 - Tn = 21, then V equals: [ JEE '2001, (Scr) ] (A) 5 (B)
7 (C)6 (D)4 The number of arran gements of the letters of the word BANANAin whic
h the two N's do not appear adj acently is [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3 ] (A) 40 (B)
60 (C) 80 (D) 100 Number of poi nts with integral co-ordinates that lie inside
a triangle whose co-ordinates are (0, 0), (0, 21) and (21,0) [JEE 2003 (Screenin
g), 3] (A) 210 (B) 190 (C) 220 (D )None (n 2 ) ! Using permutation or otherwise,
prove that . .. is an integer, whe re n is a positive integer. (n!) [JEE 2004, 2
out of 60] A rectangle with sides 2m - 1 and 2n - 1 is divided into squares ofu
nit length by drawing parallel line s as shown in the diagram, then the number o
f rectangles possible with odd side lengths is (A) (m + n+ l) 2 (B) 4m + n ~ 1 (
C) m2n2 (D) mn(m + l)(n + 1) [JEE 20 05 (Screening), 3] Q.4 Q. 5 Q.6 Q.7 Q. 8 Q.
9 (!iBansalClasses Permutation and Combination [7]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q.l Q.2 Q.3 (a) 5-(6!), (b) 3! 4!, (c) 12 6 if the balls o
f the same colour are alike & 64 if the balls of the same colour are different 7
44 Q.4 24 C2 . 15C3 Q.5 960 Q.6 43200 111.4! Q J Q 8 ' n[*C2-(m-l) + m[C2-(n-l)]
420 Q.12 145 Q.9 12!;(3!)42| Q.IO Q.14 576 m+n+k Q.ll C 3 - (mC3 + nC3 + k C 3 )
Q.20 Q.13 P~2C. Q.16 13 , 156 5400 Q,17 22100,52 Q.19 n+5 C, Q.21 29106 Q.22 43
16527 Q.23 (a) 72 ; 78120 ; (b) 23 ; (c) 32
Q.24 2111 Q.25 Q.28 (ii) 792 ; (iii) ^ 1638 ; (v) r = 3 Q.26 (14)! 5!9! Q.27 45
Cfi EXERCISE-II Q.l Q.5 44 532770 Q.2 Q.6 Q. 10 2600 Q.3 49 710 ; | | 10 Q.4 Q.7
485 26250 (i) 15, (ii) 126, (iii) 60, (iv) 105 (i) linear: (47) 8! ; (ii) circu
lar: (244). 6! Q.9 120, 216, 210 Q.ll Q.12 (i) 150 ; (ii) 6 ; (iii) 25; (iv)2; (
v) 6 (i) 3359 ; (ii) 59; (iii) 359 Q.13 61, 75 Q.14 10,3 (!iBansalClasses Permut
ation and Combination [7]
Q.15 121 Q.17 510 Q.18 2! 3! 8! Q.22 240,15552 Q.23 3119976 6 Q.24 - 2) - 3C2] 2
7 Q.25 1506 Q.28 C3[3n - ^ ^ Q.29 974 Q.l Q.2 Q.5 Q.9 m EXERCISE-III Ck_, where
m = (1/2) (2n - k2 + k - 2) Q.3 Q.6 (i) A; (ii) B A Q.4 Q.7 C B 72 B C (!i Bansa
l Classes Permutation and Combination [7]
ft BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (P. Q, R, S) BINOMIAL CONTE
NTS KEY- CONCEPTS EXERCISE - 1(A) EXERCISE - 1(B) EXERCISE-II EXERCISE - 111(A)
EXER CISE - 111(B) EXERCISE-IV ANSWER-KEY
KEY 1. CONCEPTS BINOMIAL EXPONENTIAL & LOGARITHMIC SERIES BINOMIAL THEOREM : The
formula by whic h any positive integral power of a binomial expression can be e
xpanded in the fo rm of a series is known as BINOMIAL THEOREM . If x,y e R and n
e N , then ; n (x + y) = C0 x + Cj x"- y + C2 x " y + This theorem can be prove
d by Induction . n n n n 1 n n 2 2 + Crx " y + n n r r + Cny = X n C r x n " r y
r . n n r0 = OBSERVATIONS : (i) The number of terms in the expansion is (n + 1)
i.e. one or m ore than the index. (ii) The sum of the indices of x & y in each
term is n . (ii i) The binomial coefficients of the terms n C 0 , nC j.... equid
istant from the beginning and the end are equal. 2. (i) (iii) (i) (ii) IMPORTAN
T TERMS IN THE B INOMIAL EXPANSION ARE : General term (ii) Middle term Term inde
pendent of x & (i v) Numerically greatest term The general term or the(r+ l) th
term in the expans ion of (x + y)n is given by; Tr+i = nCr x n - r . yr The midd
le term(s) is the e xpansion of (x + y)n is (are) : (a) If n is even, there is o
nly one middle term which is given by ; T (b) (iii) (iv) If n is odd, there are
two middle terms which are : T(n+l)/2 & T[(n+l)/2]+l (n+2)/2 = nf1
n/2 x Yn/2 'l n/2 Term independent of x contains no x; Hencefindthe value of r fo

r which the expon ent of x is zero. To find the Numerically greatest term is the
expansion of (1 + x) n , n e N find n T . C1x r n-r+ 1 ^ = r = x . Put the absolu
te value of x &findthe value ofr Cons istent with the T Cf_jX T.j inequality - y
> 1. Note that the Numerically greatest term in the expansion of (1 - x) n , x
> 0, n e N is the same as the greatest term in (1 +x) n . 3. I f ( A + b)"= I +
f where I & n are positive integers, n being odd and 0 < f < l , then V > (I + f
). f = Kn where A - B 2 = K > 0 & V A - B < 1 . If n is an even integer, then (I
+ f) (1 - f) = Kn. 4. (i) (ii) (iii) BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS : C 0 + CJ + C 2 + C
0 + C2 + C4 + + CN = 2* = CJ + C 3 + C 5 + 2N = 211-1 ^ ( ! (n+ r^ _r). C 0 2 +
C J 2 + C 2 2 + .... + C N 2 = CN = (iv) C0.Cr + Cj.C^j + C2.Cr+2 + ... + C n _
r .C n ?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial [6]
REMEMBER : (i) (2n)!=2 n .n! [1.3.5 5. (2n-l)] BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR NEGATIVE OR
FRACTIONAL INDICES : . , n ( n - l ) 2 n ( n l ) ( n - 2 )J 3s I f n e Q , then
(1 +x)n= l + nx + ^-x ^ -x + .. ,, G Provided | x | < 1. .O Note : (i) When the in
dex n is a positive integer the number of terms in the exp ansion of (1 +x) n is
finite i.e. (n+ 1) & the coefficient of successive terms a re : np np np np np
M> 2' 3 n (ii) When the index is other than a positive integ er such as negative
integer or fraction, the number of terms in the expansion of (1 +x) n is infini
te and the symbol nCr cannot be used to denote the Coefficien t of the general t
erm. (iii) Following expansion should be remembered (| x | < 1 ). (a) (1 +X)"1 =
1 - x + x 2 - x 3 + x 4 -.... oo (b) (1 - x ) - 1 ^ 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x 4 +....
oo (c) (1 + x)~2 = 1 - 2 X + 3 X 2 - 4 X 3 + . . . . oo (d) (1 -x)~ 2 = 1 + 2 X
+ 3X 2 +4X 3 + oo The expansions in ascending powers of x are only valid if x i
s 'small'. If x is large i.e. | x | > 1 then we may find it con vinient to expan
d in powers of , which then will be small. X APPROXIMATIONS : (1 +x) n = 1 +nx+ 1 ) ( n - 2 ) x3 1.2 1.2.3 If x < 1, the terms of the above exp ansion go on de
creasing and if x be very small, a stage may be reached when we m ay neglect the
terms containing higher powers of x in the expansion. Thus, if x be so small th
at its squares and higher powers may be neglected then (1 + x)n = 1 + nx, approx
imately. This is an approximate value of (1 +x)n. x* + 7. (i) n(n (iv) 6. EXPONE
NTIAL SERIES: x x2 x3 ex=l + + + + 2 ( lV oo ; where x may be any real or comple
x & e = û^t \ \ + J 3 (ii) Note: / X (a) ax = 1 + In a + / n 2 a + / n 3 a + 1!
2! 3! 1 1 1 oo where a > 0 (b) (c) (d) (e) 4 e = l1 + . + + + oo 1! 2! 3! e is a
n irrational number lying between 2.7 & 2.8 . Its value correct upto 10 places o
f decimal is 2.7182818284. e + e" = 2 1 ' 1 1 1 ,+1 + + + V 2! 4! 6! 0 .0 N
y -1=0 r i i i 00 e - e"1 = 2 l + _ + _ + _ + ^ 3! 5! 7! J Logarithms to the bas

e 'e' are known as the Napierian system, so named after Napier, their inventor.
Th ey are also called Natural Logarithm. N ?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial [6]
8. (i) (ii) LOGARITHMIC SERIES: /n(l+x) = x - ~ In v(1- x) = - x (1 + x) f 2 2 ^

1 2 3 4 3 3 4 3 b 4 oo w h e r e - l < x < l oo where - 1 < x < 1 X <1 e/n x x /n!0 = 2.303 2 X+ + 4 + 00 (o h x3 3 + x5 5 V (a) REMEMBER : (c) 1 - - + - - +... oo = /n2 2 3 4 /n2 = 0.693 1 1 1 (b) (d)
EXERCISE-I Q. 1 v a Find the coefficients : (i) x in ' ax + i ' 7 (A) Nl i (ii) x

7 V bx in ax-bx' (iii) Find the relation between a & b, so that these coefficie
nts are equal. Q.2 Q3 If the coefficients of (2r + 4) th , (r - 2)th terms in th
e expansion of (1 + x)18 are equal,findr. If the coefficients of the rth, (r + l
) th & (r + 2)th t erms in the expansion of (1 +x) 14 are inAP, find r. Find the
term independent o f x in the expansion of (a) /x 3 V3 2x' 10 1/3 1/5 (b) x +x~
2 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 1 3r V 15r t Find the sum of the series ^ ( - l ) r . n C
r + hT- + j- + r r0 = 2 2 2 2 up to m terms If the coefficients of 2 , 3 2n2 - 9n
+ 7 = 0. nd rd & 4th terms in the expansion of (1 +x) 2n are in AP, show that Gi
ven that (1 (i)a0 + aj + + a2-ag2 + a x ô 5 V 4+ 4 + a22 + x + x2)n = a0 + ajX
+ s^x2 + ....+ a^x 2 ", find the values of : a2 + + 8^ ; (ii) a 0 - a 1 + a 2 a 3 + a2n ; (iii) a 0 2 - a t 2 c 2b |g l 4+
If a, b, c & d are the coefficients of any four consecutive terms in the expansi
on of (1 + x)n, n e N, prove that ^ + Q9 . Find the value ofx for which the fou
rth term in the expansion, 1 + 7 is 336. Q. 10 Prove that : n"1Cr + n~2Cr + n"3C
r + .... + rCr = nCr+1. Q.ll (a)Which is larger : (99 S0 + 10050) or (101)50. v
(b) Show that ' 2n 2 4n - C n ,z+ 2.2n"2CB . + 2n~2Cnn> n 7 , n e N , n>2 n~i 1
Binomial te Bonsai Classes [4]
vn Q.12 In the expansion of \1 + x + - J find the term not containing x. Q.13 Sh

ow that coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 +x 2 ) 5 . (1 + x) 4 is 60. Q.1
4 Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion o f : (i) ( l + x + x 2 + x 3 ) n
(ii) ( 2 - X + 3 X 2 ) 6 Q.15 Find numerically the greatest term in the expansio
n of : (i) (2 + 3x)9 when x = Q.16 Given s n = l + q + q2 + prove that a+1 (ii)
(3 - 5x)15 when x = j + qn & Sn = 1 + ^ + + .... + ( ^ j , q * 1, C t + n+1C2.S!
+ n+1C3.s2 +....+ n+1Cn+1.sn = 2 n . S n . Q.17 Prove that the ratio of the coe
fficient of x10 in (1 -x 2 ) 1 0 & the term independent of x in x-|j is 1 : 32 .
3x 2 2 3 xj Q.18 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of (1 + x + 2x
3) " (l + rlo g 10) Q. 19 Prove that for n e N X (~l) r nCr 7 = 0. r=0 (l+log e
10 n ) Q.20 Pr ove the identity + = . Use it to prove = Q. 21 If the coefficient
of a r_1 , a r , afTl in the expansion of (1 + a)n are in arithmetic progressio
n, prove that n2 - n (4r + 1) + 4r2 - 2 = 0. (1 - x n )( 1 - x n_1 )(1 - x n " 2
) Q22 If nJ = r (1 - x n_r+1 ) "iMO^Xi-x3) K=0 ...,.(i-xr)~~'provethatnJ- = nJn
Q.23 Prove that ^ n C K sinKx. cos(n - K)x = 2 n_1 sin nx. Q.24 The expression s
1 + x, 1+x + x2, 1 + x + x2 + x3, 1 + x + x2 + + xn are multiplied together an
d the terms ofthe product thus obtained are arranged in increasing powers ofx in
the form of a0 + ajX + a^x2 + , then, (a) how many terms are there in the produ
ct. (b) show that the coefficients of the terms in the product, equidistantfrom
t he beginning and end are equal. (c) (n + 1)! show that the sum of the odd coef
fi cients = the sum of the even coefficients = 2 Q.25 Find the coeff. of (a) (b)
(c) x3r
x6 in the expansion of (ax2 + bx+c) 9 . x2 y3 z4 in the expansion of (ax - by +

cz)9 . a2 b3 c4 d in the expansion of (a - b - c + d)10. 2n Q.26 If 2>r( - ) S r
( - ) & a k = 1 for all k>n, then show that bn = 2n+1Cn+1. r =0 r0 = x 2 r= b 2n
?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial [6]
/=k-l /. ^ n Q.27 If P k (x)= 2 x1' then prove that, n C k P k (x) = 2""1-Pn' /o

= \ ^j k1 = Q.28 Find the coefficient of xr in the expression of : (x + 3)n_1 +
(x + 3)n"2 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n"3 (x + 2)2 + + (x + 2)n~l fx 2V Q.29(a) Find the
index n of the binomial I - + -1 if the 9th term of the ex pansion has numericall
y the greatest coefficient (n e N). (b) For which positive values of x is the fo
urth term in the expansion of (5 + 3x)10 is the greatest. Q.30 Prove that (72)1
(36! f - 1 is divisible by 73. Q. 31 If the 3rd, 4th, 5th & 6th terms in the exp
ansion of (x+y) n be respective ly a, b, c & d then prove that b 2 -ac 5a c 2 ~b
d 3c' Q.32 Find x for which the (k+ l) th term of the expansion of (x + y)n is t
he greatest if x + y = 1 andx>0, y>0. *Q,33 If x is so small that its square and
higher powers may be neglected, prove that: (l - 3 ) 2 ( ~ x)5/a xy+i *Q.34 w (
a) (b) = j Mr+Mr5 = 1 + (Ji)x+,)x or If x = - + + HJL + _L11L + 3 3.6 3 . 6 . 9 3
.6.9.12 o then F o prove that x2 + 2 x - 2 = 0. then find the value of y2 + 2y.
tfy=! +~if) + *Q.35 If p = q nearly and n >1, show that (n-l)p + (n + l)q (*) Q.
l Only for CBS E. Not in the syllabus of HT JEE. P U EXERCISE-I (B) Show that th
e integral part in each of the following is odd. n e N ( A ) (5 + 2 Ve)" ( B ) (
s + 3 V7) n ( C ) (e + V3?) n Q.2 Show that the integral part in each of the fol
lowing is even, n e N (A) (3V3 + 5 p ' (B) (5V5 + ll)2n+1 p+P where n & p are po
sitive integers and P is a proper fraction show that Q.3 Q.4 If (7 + 4-^3
= (1-P)(p + P)=l. If x denotes (2 + V3) , n e N & [x] the integral part of x the
n find the value of : x - x 2 + x[x]. ?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial [6]
Q.5 If P = (s + 3V7) and f = P - [P], where [ ] denotes greatest integer functio

n. P rove that: P (1 - f) = 1 (n e N) If (6V6 + 14)2n+1 = N & F be the fractiona
l par t of N, prove that NF = 202n+1 (n e N) Prove that if p is a prime number g
reater than 2, then the difference (2 + V5)P - 2p+1 is divisible by p, where [ ]
denot es greatest integer. Q.6 Q. 7 Q.8 Q.9 Prove that the integer next above (
v'3 + lj contains 2n+1 as factor (n e N) Let I denotes the integral part & F the
proper fractional part of (3 + denotes the r ational part and 0 the irrational
part of the same, show that p=|(I+l)and 2 n where n e N and if p a = (I + 2 F 1). Q.IO Prove that C is an integer, V n e N . n+1 EXERCISE-II (NOT IN THE SYLLA
BUS OF I IT-JEE) PROBLEMS ON EXPONENTIAL & LOGARITHMIC SERIES F or Q.l TO Q.15,
Prove That: Q.l Q2 Q3 ~A Q.4 v 2! 4! 6! > 2 , 1 1 1 , + + + - . 11+1,1 1 + + 3! [
1 1 1 + + +, V2! 4! 6! + +. 5! 7! 1 e-1 e + 1 + + +, .1! 3! 5! 1 1 1+ + + +
1 1 e2 1 - 1 = ( _ + _1 + _1 + , e + 1 U 3! 5! 2! 4!
6! 1.1+2 1+2+3 1+2+3+4 ! + _ _ + + + 2! 3! 4! = \2J 6 Q5 Q.6 07 V Q.9 Q.ll Q.12 _

L 1 + 1 1.2.3.4.5.7 4! 1.3 + 1 . 2 . 3 . 5 , 1 + 2 1 + 2 + 22 1 + + 3! + 2! 1 +
2! + 3! +4! + 2 3 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + . = e2- e 3 3 4 3 5e &e Q8. ^ + + + + + 1!
3! 4! 5! 2 3 6 11 18 =3 ( e - 1 ) v ' ,\
+ + + 2.3 4.5 6.7 1.2 2 1 0 = 1 - log 2 0 2 1.2.3 3.4.5 Q 10. 1 +2 14t + 3.2 5.2 +
r + 7.2 6 1 loge3 1 1 1 + + + ... = 1 +1 1 +1 3.4 5.6 1 + 5.6.7 _ + .... = .In 2
1 1 1 1 4.2 2.2 3.2 + - ln3 - ln2 nn13. - + - + ^ + T1+ 1 Q 3 3.3 5.3 7.3 = In 2
[6] ?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial
Q1 .4 2 \2 V 4 V2 3 / 6V2 3 3 Q.15 If y = x - + + where|x|< 1, then prove that x

= y + + 2L + + EXERCISE-HI (A) If C 0 , CJ , C 2 , , Cn are the combinatorial c
oefficients in the expansion of (1 +x) n , n s N , then prove the following : Q.
l Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 v C + CV + C - + + c n 2 =-^ ( n! 2) C0 q + Cj C2 + C2
C3 +....+Cn_j Cn = Cj + 2C2 + 3C3 + C0 + 2Cj + 3C2 + C0 + 3Cj + 5C2 + + n . Cn
= n . 2n_1 + (n+l)Cn = (n+2)2n~1 + (2n+l)Cn = (n+1) 2n (Cn_j+Cn ) C a _, 2 (C0+C
1)(C1+C2)(C2+C3) C0 + C, + C2 + + Q8 v 0 2 +
^
n
!
3 + + n+1 n+1 V ' 0 2 3 4 n+1 ( n n+1 Q. 10 C0Cr + CjCr+1 + C2Cr+2 + .... + C

. r Cn = Q.ll 2 _r^ + r) , + 3 + (-Dn C n+1 " " 1 n+1 r| Q.12 C 0 - C j + C 2
C 3 + .... + ( - l ) r . Cr< Q.13 Q. 14 C 0 2 -C, 2 + C 2 2 -C 3 2 + (1 _( _ 1
-X n - ) (n r 1)s C0 - 2Cj + 3C2 - 4C3 + .... + (-l) n (n+l) Cn = 0 + (-l) n C
n 2 = 0 or (-l) a / 2 Ca/2 according as n is odd or even.
Q.15 If n is an integer greater than 1, show that ; a - n Cj(a-l) + nC2(a-2) + (

~l) n (a - n) = 0 Q. 16 (n-1) 2 . Cj + (n-3) 2 . C3 + (n-5) 2 . C5 + Q. 17 V 1
. C 2 + 3 . C,2 + 5 . C 2 + 0 1 2 ' = n (n + l)2n~3 l) + V(2n+l) Cn2 = -(n + n n
!n! Q.18 If a 0 , a;, a,, be the coefficients in the expansion of ( l + x + x2)n
in ascending powers of x, then prove that : (1) a0 a, - aj % + % % - .... = 0 .
+ ( ii) a^-aja3 + a ^ ^n - 2 *2n = an +1 o r an-in-! (iii) Ej = E2 = E 3 = 3 ;
where E t = a0 + % + a6 + ; E2 = a1 + a 4 +a 7 + E a2 + a + a + ^ ^ g r=o ' & 12 Q.19 Prove that : Z(" c r ^+2) = x n 2 ( n! 2) ( n - 2 ) ! (n+2)! Q.20 If (l+x
) = C0 + CjX + C2x + .... + C n x n , then show that the sum of the products of
the C .' s taken two at a time, represented by 2XC C . ' .j 0 2. EXERCISE-III (B) Q.l If ( l + x y ^ C o + Cj. x + C2. x
2 +.... + C15. x15, then find the value o f : C Q.2 2 + 2C3 + 3 C 4 + .... +14C
n 1 5 If(1 + x + x 2 + . . . + x P ) a,+2a2 = a0 + a1x + a2x2+..,+anp.xnP , the
n find the value of : t- 3 a 3 + . . . . + n p . a n p n Q.3 Q.4 l 2 . C 0 + 2 2
. C t + 3 2 . C 2 + 4 2 . C 3 + .... + ( n + 1 ) 2 C ^ r 2 . C r = n ( n + l)2n
-2
= 2n~2(n+1) (n+4) . t=0 Q.5 Given p + q = l , showthat j>>2.nCr.p1 .q'w = n p [

( n i=0 l)p+l] II Q.6 S h o w that (1 +X)n. 2 r 10 = ^C (2r-n) = n.2n w h e r e
Cf denotes the combinatorial coeff. in the expansion of Q.7 v r 0 2 + 3 4 + n +
1 = (1 + x n+ ) ' (n + l ) x
Q.8 v P r o v e t h a t , 2 . C n + . c 1 + . C2, + , 0 2 3 + 11 . C100 = , 11 Q

.9 If(l+x) n = r0 = | Z c r . x ' t h e n p r o v e that ; 22.C0 1.2 23.Ct 2.3 ;
24,C2 3.4 | | 2n+2.Cn = 31""2 - 2 n - 5
(n+1) (n+2) ~ (n+1) ( n + 2 ) QO I . + + + 2n n+1 13 Q 1 Si _Sl + Si _ Si + 1 1

5 9 a i ^ -Ca + 9+ + Q.12 2 -+ Ci O Ci 2 3 4 5 ( i)" Cn n+2 4n+l 1.5.9.13 (4n-3)(
4n+l) 4n.n! l+n.2 (n+1) (n+2) 1 Q.13 Si_SL+Sl_Si + 2 3 4 5 + (_!)" . . C _ n n+2
v y (n+1) (n+2) Q.14 Si _ Si + Si _ Si + v Q. 15 + ( !i .Si = I + I + i + A + _)
n + Cnx n +I 1 q o - x ) 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 , then show
x ) n that : _ x ) + I f ( l + x ) n = C 0 + CjX + C 2 x 2 + % ( l - x ) + % (1x)3 -....+ (-l)n-l I ( l _ n = ( 1 I ( 1 _ X 2 ) + I (1x3) + + ^(1-X) ?fe\Bansal C

lasses Binomial [6]
Q. 16 Prove that , \ - C r f C2+ j C3n + +^ + (-l)n n+1 n ^ . Cn= - 1 = n+1 n! Q.17

If n e N ; show that x+1 C.L -i C + n C x+2 x+n x ( x + l) (x + 2) .... ( x + n
) Q.18 Prove that, ( ^ C ^ 2 . (2nC2)2 + 3 . (2nC3)2 + ... + 2n. (2nC2n) Q.19 2n
I f(l+x+x ) = X a r x r , n s N , then prove that 2 n r=0 (4n - 1! ) [(2n-l)!]2
(r+l)ar+1 =(n-r)ar + (2n-r+l)ar_j. Q.20 Prove that the sum to (n + 1) terms of
n (n+1) (0<r<2n) (n+2) (n+3) (n+1) (n+2) equals J xn_1. (l-x) n + 1 . dx&evaluat
e the integral. 0 EXERCISE-I V Q. 1 Q.2 Q.3 Q4 Let (1+x2)2. (l+x) n = 2 X . xK .
If aj, % & % are in AP, find n . [REE '96, 6] In the expansion ofthe expression
(x+a) 15 , if the eleventh term is the geometr ic mean of the eighth and twelft
h terms, which term in the expansion is the grea
test ? [REE '96,6] The sum ofthe rational terms in the expansion of (4l +31/5)10
is 1 If a n = I - - , then r=0 . [JEE'97,2] [JEE'98,2] n n r=0 r <-r equals (C)
n a / 2 .oo (A) (n-l)a (B) na n (D) None of these [REE '98,6] Q.5 Q. 6 3 5 9 15
23 Find the sum ofthe series Y[ + 2! + 3 j + 4 j + ' 5 7 + ' If in the expansion
of (1 + x)m (1 - x)n, the co-efficients of x and x2 are 3 an d - 6 respectively
, th n m is : [JEE '99, 2 (Out of200)] (A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 24 Q.7(i) For 2 <
r < n, (A) Vrj +2 (B)2 n r- 1 n +1 r + 1, ' n ^ \ r - 2/ 'n + O vr-1/ (C) 2 n +2
r J (D) 'n + 2 V
r (ii) In the binomial expansion of (a-b) n , n > 5, the sum ofthe 5th and 6th t
er ms is zero. Then equals: b [ JEE '2000 (Screening), 1 + 1 ] n- 4 n- 5 (C) n 4 (B) (A) ?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial [6]
Q.8 For any positive integers m, n (with n > m), let VmJ + 'n-r HJ I + ( n-1 1 \
n \ / + + vm; m \ = "Cm . Prove that n +1 m +1 m I J m Hence or otherwise prove
that. 'n-lN ' nN n_2 l + +3 f +2 K in J n J i V m; Q.9 /m \ + ( n - m + 1) VrnJ
f n + 2l + 2, [JEE'2000 (Mains), 6] Find the largest co-efficient in the expans
ion of (1 + x) n , given that the sum of co-efficients ofthe terms in its expans
ion is 4096 . [ REE '2000 (Mains) ] a Q.10 In the binomial expansion of (a - b)n
, n > 5, the sum of the 5th and 6th t erms is zero. Then equals (A) n-5 ( ) B 49
n-4 (C) n-4 v5 [JEE'2001 (Screening), 3] [REE'2001 (Mains), 3] Q.ll Find the coef
ficient of x in the polynomial
^ \ r \ / C ' C,N ' x - 22 x - 32 x -C2y v C0y v C ' V x - 50 ^ 2 cA C49y whe

= 5 0 C . Q. 12 The sum (A) 5 i=0 (where ( n = 0 i f P < q ) is maximum when m i
s (D) 20 [JEE'2002(Screening), 3] in the expansion of (1+t2)12 (1+t 12 ) (1+t 24
) is (B) 12 C 6 + 1 (C) 12 C 6 (D ) none [JEE 2003, Screening 3 out of 60] (B)1
0 (C)15 i K (-1) K A O K j[JEE 2003 , Mains-2 out of 60] (D)(V3,2] [JEE 2004 (Sc
reening)] + 20 30 is, where l = nCr Q. 13(a) Coefficient of t24 (A) 12C6 + 2 nY
2 (b) P r o v e h a t : 2 K . l S ) ( ^ - 2 - ( i ' ) ( r - l ) + 2 K - 2 ' K n" 2 2 Q.14 n_1 Cr = (K2 - 3).nCr+1, if KG (B)(-oo,-2) ( A ) [ - V 3 , V3] (C)(2,
oo) Q.15 The value of [ q ] ( j q + 301(30 12 wfs: (B)f^ (o CSS" [JEE 2005 (Scre
ening)] (!%Bansal Classes Binomial
[11]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Ql. (i) n C 5 p - (u) (A) Q 4. (a) ^ (b) T6 =7 Q10.x = 0 o
r 2 ( Q a b = l Q2. r = 6 Q3. r = 5 o r 9 H Q9. x = O o r l Q5. ( J ^ L ) Q 7.
(i) 3n (ii) 1, (iii) an Q 11. (a)10150(Prove that 10150 - 9950= 1005 + some+ive q
ty) Q 12. 1 + u C 2 k . 2kCk 7k k=1 l Q14. (i) 990 (ii)3660 Q.24 (a) n 2 +n + 2
2 Q15.(i)T?=-^ (ii) 455x3^2 (ii) 455x3 12 Q18< Q18.1 Z Q 25. (a) 84b6c3 + 630ab4
c4 + 756a2b2c5 + 84a3c6 ; (b) -1260 . a2b3c4 ~ ; (c) -12600 Q 28. nCr (3n-r - 2n
~r) Q 29. (a) n = 12 (b) | < x < Q.32 Q 34. (a) Hint: Add 1 to both sides & comp
are theRHS series with the expansion (l+y)n to get n & y (b) 4 EXERCISE-I(B) Q.4
1 EXERCISE-III 15 (B) (p+l) n Q 1. divide expansion of (1+x) both sides by x& d
iff. w.r.t.x, putx= 1 to get 21 2993 Q 2. Differentiate the given expn. & put x
= 1 to get the result Q 9. Integrate the expn. of (1 + x)n. Determine the value
of constant of integration by putting x=0. Integrate the result again between 0
& 2 to get the result. Inte grate between 0 & 1. Q 10. Consider j [(l+x)n + (l-x
) n ] = C0 + C2x2 + C4x4 + Q 12. Multiply both sides by x the expn. (l+x) n . In
tegrate both sides between 0 & 1. Q 14. Note that (1 x) ~ = - Cj+ C2x - C3x2 +..
..+ Cn. x11"1. Integrate between 1 & 0
(n-1)! (n+1)! (2n +1)! EXER CISE-IV Q.l n = 2 or3 or4 Q.6 C Q.ll -22100 Q.2 Tg Q
.3 41 Q.7 (i) D (ii) B Q.12 C Q.13 ( a) A Q.4 C Q.9 12C6 Q.14 D Q.5 4 e - 3 Q.10
B Q.15 A ?fe\Bansal Classes Binomial [6]
BANSAL CLASSES M II MATHMAfiC5 TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (P.Q.R.S) FUNCTIONS & INVER
SE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS Trigonometry Phase - IV . i H ; f : CM T r W MT 1 W :
I : S= : FUNCTIONS KEY CONCEPT. EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III KEY CONCEPT
. EXERCISE-I. EXERCI SE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY Page Page Page Page Page Page
Page Page -2 -10 -12 -13 -16 -21 -23 -25 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS Page 26
KEY CONCEPTS (FUNCTIONS) THINGS T O REMEMBER 1. : : GENERAL DEFINITION If to eve

ry value (Considered as real unless other-wise stated) of a variable x, which be
longs to some collection (Set) E, there corresponds one and only onefin itevalue
ofthe quantity y, then y is said to be a function (Single valued) of x or a dep
endent variable defined on the set E ; x is the argument or independent variable
. If to every value of x belonging to some set E there corresponds one o r sever
al values of the variable y, then y is called a multiple valued function of x de
fined on E.Conventionally the word " F U N C T I O N " is used only as th e mean
ing of a single valued function, if not otherwise stated. { } f(x)=y >, y is cal
led the image of x & x is the pre-image of y under f. Pictorially: x > f input o
utput Everyfonctionfrom A B satisfies the following conditions. (i) f c AxB (ii) V
a e A => (a, f(a)) s f (iii) (a, b) e f & (a, c) s f => b = c 2. DOMAIN, CO-DOM
AIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION: and Let f: A-B,then the set Ais known as the domain of
f&the set B is known as co-dom ain off. The set of all f images of elements of
A is known as the range of f . T hus : Domain of f = {a | a e A, (a, f(a)) e f}
Range of f = (f(a) | a e A, f(a) e B} It should be noted that range is a subset
of co-domain. If only the rule of function is given then the domain of the funct
ion is the set of those real numbe rs, where function is defined. For a continuo
us function, the interval from mini mum to maximum value of a function gives the
range. 3. (i) IMPORTANT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION : : If a functio
n f is defined by f (x) = aQxn+ a, xn_1+a,xn_2+... + an l x + an whe re n is a n
on negative integer and a0, a p a2,..., an are real numbers and a0 ^ 0, then f i
s called a polynomial function of degree n. NOTE : (a) A polynomial o f degree o
ne with no constant term is called an odd linear function, i.e. f(x) ax, aÔ (b)
There are two polynomial functions, satisfying the relation; f^x).f (l/x) = f(x
) + f(l/x). They are : (i) f(x) = xn + 1 & (ii) f(x) = 1 xn , where n is a posit
ive integer. : (ii) ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION y is an algebraic function ofx, ifit is a
function that satisfies an algebraic e quation ofthe form P0 (x) yn + Pj (x) yn
_1 + + Pr l (x) y + Pn (x) = 0 Where n i s a positive integer and P0 (x), P; (x)
are Polynomials in x. e.g. y = | x | is an algebraic function, since it satisfi
es the equation y2 - x 2 =0. Note that al l polynomial functions are Algebraic b
ut not the converse. A function that is no t algebraic is called TRANSCEDENTAL F
UNCTION . (iii) FRACTIONAL RATIONAL FUNCTION : A rational function is a function
of the form, y = f (x) g (x) & h (x) are polyn omials & h (x) * 0. g(x) h(x) wh
ere feBansal Classes
Functions & Trig.-fl-IV
(iv) A function f(x) = a = e (a > 0, a * 1, x e R) is called an exponential func

tion. The inverse of the exponential function is called the logarithmic function
. i.e . g(x) = logax. Note that f(x) & g(x) are inverse of each other & their gr
aphs a re as shown. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION : x xtaa g(x) = l o g t x (V) ABSOLUTE
VALUE FUNCTION : A function y=f (x) = |x| is called the absolute value function
or Modulus functi on. It is defined as : y= |x| "x if x > 0 - x if x < 0 : (Vi)
SIGNUM FUNCTION A function y= f (x) = Sgn (x) is defined as follows: y = f(x) "
1 for x > 0 0 for x = 0 - 1 for x < 0 y y = 1 if x>0 0 y = -1 if x < 0 > y= Sgnx
It is also written as Sgn x = |x|/ x ; x * 0 ; f(0) = 0 (Vii) GREATEST INTEGER
O R STEP U P FUNCTION : The function y = f(x) = [x] is called the greatest integ
er function where [x] de notes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Not
e that for: - 1 <x< 0 ; 0 <x< 1 ; [x] = 0 W1 1<x< 2 ; [x] = 1 2 <x < 3 ; [xj = 2
and so on. yA Properties o f greatest integer function graph ofy= [x] - 3 (a) [x
]<x<[x]+l and -2 x - 1 < [x] < x, 0 <x-[x] < 1 1 (b) [x+m] = [x]+m if m is an int
eger. (c) [x] + [y]<[x+y]<[ x] + [y] + l r (d) [x] + [-x] = 0 if x is an integer
-3 x -1 = - 1 otherwise . - - 2 (viii) FRACTIONAL PART FUNCTION : - - 3 It is de
fined as : g(x)={x}=x-[x], e.g. the fractional part of the no. 2.1 is 2. 1-2 = 0
.1 and the fractional part of - 3.7 is 0.3. The period ofthis function is 1 and
graph ofthis function is as shown. graph ofy= {x} ^Bansal Classes
Functions & Trig.-IV [3]
4. DOMAINS AND RANGES OF COMMON FUNCTION : Function (y = f(x)) Algebraic Functio

ns Domain (i. e. values taken by x) Range (i. e. values taken by f (x)) C O Xn ,
( e N n ) R = (set of real numbers) R, if n is odd + R u { 0 } , ifniseven R - {
0} , if nis odd R+, if n is even 1 " , (n e N ) x R-{0} (iii) x 1/n , (n e N) R,
if n is odd R + u { 0 } , ifniseven R, ifnisodd R + u { 0 } , ifniseven (iv) l/
n x ,(n e ) N R - {0}, ifnisodd R+, if n is even R - (0}, R+, ifnisodd if n is e
ven B. Trigonometric Functions (ii) (iii) (iv) cs ox tanx sec x sinx R R [-1. +
1] [-1. + 1] 7 C R ( k 1 - ,kel -2 + ) R-(2k+l) - ,kel R n%
2' 2 T C ]u[l ,00) (-00,-1 ]u[ 1,00 ) R-bc,k eI (v) cosec x R-kn;, k e I (vi) co
tx Inverse Circular Functions (Refer a fter Inverse is taught) (i) (ii) sin 1 x
cos x tan 1 x (iv) (v) (vi) cosec _1x s ec-1 x cotx 1 [-1. + 1] [-1. + 1] R [0,
7t] 71 It ' 2 2/ v j (- O , - 1 ] U [ 1 , 0 ) r O 0 2'2 Tt Tt {0} 7 (- C , - 1 ]
u [ 1 , 0 ) [ , C - { f } O 0 0 ] (,1 07 ) R i&Bansal Classes Functions & Trig.
-</>- IV [4]
Function (y = f (x)) D. Exponential Functions (i) Cn) (iii) E. ex e!/x ax, a > 0
Domain (i. e. values taken by x) Range (i. e. values taken by f (x) ) (v i) a1/
x, a > 0 R R- { 0 } R R -{ 0} R+ R+- { 1 } R+ R+-{1) Logarithmic Functions () i
(ii) logx,(a>0)(a * 1 ) logxa=]^ (a > 0 ) (a * 1) + R R R-{0} R+-{1} F. Integral
Part Functions Functions (i) [x] R I ^ R-[0,1) g,nSI-{0}j Fractional Part Funct
ions 0 ) (*) 1 to R R-I [,) 01 (, O 1 Q ) H.
Modulus Functions () i (ii) |x| j^j R R-{ 0 } R+w{0} R+ 1 I. Signum Function sgn
(x)=^,x*0 A. R {-1,0,1} =0,x=0 J. Constant Function say f (x) = c R {c} ^Bansal
Classes Functions & Trig.-IV [5]
5. (i) (ii) (iii) 6. EQUAL OR IDENTICAL FUNCTION : Two functions f & g are said
to be equal if: The d omain of f = the domain of g. The range of f = the range o
f g and f(x) = g(x) , for every x belonging to their common domain, eg. 1 x f(x)
= & g(x) = are identi cal functions . x x2 CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS : One-On
e Function (Injective m apping): A function f: A-^Bis said to be a one-one funct
ion or injective mapping if different elements of A have different f images in B
. Thus for x p x2 e A& f(Xj), f(x2) e B, f(x,) = f(x2) < > x, = x, or x, * x2 o
f(x,) * f(x2). = Diagra matically an injective mapping can be shown as A B A B
Note : (i) Any function which is entirely increasing or decreasing in whole doma
in, then f( x) is one-one. (ii) If any line parallel to x-axis cuts the graph of
the functio n atmost at one point, then the function is one-one. Many-one funct
ion: Afunctio n f: A>B is said to be a many one function iftwo or more elements o
fA have the sa me f image in B . Thus f: A- B is many one if for ; x p x 2 e A, f
(Xj) = f(x2) bu t x] ^ x2 . Diagramatically a many one mapping can be shown as A
B A B Note : (i) (ii) Any continuous function which has atleast one local maxim
um or local minimum, th en f(x) is many-one. In other words, if a line parallel
to x-axis cuts the graph ofthe function atleast at two points, then f is many-on
e. If a function is oneone, it cannot be many-one and vice versa. Onto function
(Surjective mapping): If the function f: A B is such that each ele ment in B (co
-domain) is the f image of atleast one element inA then we say that fis a functi
on ofA'onto'B . Thus f : A ^ B i s suijective iff V b e B, 3 some a e A such tha
t f (a) = b . Diagramatically surjective mapping can be shown as A B A B <!jBansa
l Classes Functions & Trig.-IV [6]
Into function: If f: A - B is such that there exists atleast one element in co-do
main which is not the image of any element in domain, then f(x) is into. Diagra
m atically into function can be shown as B OR Note that: If a function is onto,
it cannot be into and vice versa. A polynomial of degree even will always be int
o. Thus a function can be one of these four types : (a) (b) (c) (d) Note : (i) (
ii ) one-one onto (inj ective & suij ective) one-one into (injective but not sur
jec tive) many-one onto (suij ective but not inj ective) many-one into (neither
suij ective nor injective) If f is both injective & surjective, then it is calle
d a Bijective mapping. The bijective functions are also named as invertible, non
sin gular or biuniform functions, If a set A contains n distinct elements then
the n umber of different functions defined from A A is nn & out of it n! are one o
ne. B Identity function: The function f: A - A defined by f(x) = x V x e Ais call
ed the identity ofA and is denoted by IA. It is easy to observe that identity fu
nction is a bijection. Constant function: A function f: A> B is said to be a cons
tant f unction if every element ofA has the same f image inB . Thus f: A B ; f(x)
= c, V x e A, c e B is a constant function. Note that the range of a constant fu
nction is a singleton and a constant function may be one-one or many-one, onto o
r into . 7. ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS : If f & g are real valued functio
ns of x with domain set A, B respectively, then both f & g are defined in A n B.
Now we define f+ g, f - g, (f. g) & (f/g) as follows : (i) (fg)(x) = f(x)g(x) dom
ain in each case is A n B (f.g)(x) = f(x).g(x) (Hi) (-) VJ g g(x) domain is {x |
x e A n B s.t g(x) * 0} i&Bansal Classes Functions &Trig.-</>-IV [63]
8. COMPOSITE OF UNIFORMLY & NON-UNIFORMLY DEFINED FUNCTIONS : Let f : A B & g :

B C be two functions . Then the function gof: A C defined by ( gof) (x) = g (f(x
)) V x e A is called the composite of the two functions f & g. f(x) x Diagramati
cally + g(f(x)). Thus the image of every x e A under the functi on gof is the gimage of the f-image of x. Note that gof is defined only if V x e A , f(x) is an
element of the domain of g so that we can take its g-image. Hen ce for the prod
uct gof oftwo functions f & g, the range of f must be a subset of the domain ofg
. PROPERTIES O F COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS : (i) (ii) (iii) 9. The composite of functi
ons is not commutative i. e. gof ^ fog. The composite off unctions is associativ
e i.e. if f, g, h are three functions such that fo (goh) & (fog) oh are defined,
then fo(goh) = (fog) oh. The composite of two bijections is a bijection i.e. if
f & g are two bijections such that gof is defined, then g of is also a bijectio
n. FUNCTIONS: HOMOGENEOUS A function is said to be homogeneous with respect to a
ny set of variables when e ach of its terms is of the same degree with respect t
o those variables . For exa mple 5 x2 + 3 y2 - xy is homogeneous in x & y. Symbo
lically if, f(tx, ty) = t n . f(x, y) then f(x, y) is homogeneous function of de
gree n. 10. 11. BOUNDED FUNCTION: A function is said to be bounded if | f(x) | <
M, where M is afinitequantity. IMPLICIT & EXPLICIT FUNCTION : A function define
d by an equation not solved for the dependent variable is calle d an 3 3 IMPLICI
T FUNCTION . For eg. the equation x + y = 1 defines y as an impl icit function.
If y has been expressed in terms of x alone then it is called an EXPLICIT FUNCTI
ON. 12. INVERSE OF A FUNCTION : Let f: A-B be a one-one & onto function, then the
ir exists a unique function g: B A such that f(x) = y o g(y)=x, V x e A & y e B
. Then g is said to be inverse o f f. Thus g = f-i; B ->A= {(f(x), x) | (x, f(x)
) f} . PROPERTIES O F LNVERSE FUNCTION : (i) (ii) The inverse of a bij ection is
unique. If f: A B is a bijection & g : B -> Ais t he inverse of f, then fog = I
B and gof = I A , where I & IB are identity functio ns on the sets A & B respect
ively. Note that the graphs of f & g are the mirror images of each other in the
line y = x. As shown in thefiguregiven below a point (x ',y') corresponding to y
= x2 (x >0) changes to (y ',x') corresponding to y= +Vx , the changed form of x
= 1/y . fig. l fig. 2 fig. 3
(iii) (iv) The inverse of a bijection is also a bijection. If f & g are two bije
ctions f : A B, g : B - ^ C then the inverse of gof exists and (gof)-1 = f o g "
1 . " ^Bansal Classes Functions & Trig.-<j>-IV [8]
13. ODD & EVEN FUNCTIONS : If f (-x) = f (x) for all x in the domain o f f then
f is said to be an even fun ction, e.g. f (x) = cos x ; g (x) = x2 + 3 . If f (x) = - f (x) for all x in th e domain o f f then f is said to be an odd function
, e.g. f (x) = sin x ; g (x) = x 3 +x . NOTE : (a) f (x) - f (-x) = 0 => f (x) i
s even & f (x) + f (-x) = 0 = > f (x) is odd . (b) A function may neither be odd
nor even. (c) Inverse of an even function is not defined . (d) Every even funct
ion is symmetric about the y-axis & every odd function is symmetric about the or
igin. (e) Every function can be expressed as the sum of an even & an odd functio
n. + f(x) e^f(x)=f(x)+f(-x) EVEN -f(-x) ODD (f) (g) 14. The only function which
is defined on the entire number line & is even and odd a t the same time is f(x)
= 0. If f and g both are even or both are odd then the f unction f.g will be ev
en but if any one of them is odd then f.g will be odd. PERIODIC FUNCTION: A func
tion f(x)is called periodic if there exists a positive number T(T>0) calle d the
period ofthe function such that f(x+T) = f(x), for all values of x within the d
omain of x. e.g. The function sin x & cos x both are periodic over 2% & tan x is
periodic over n. NOTE : (a) f (T) = f (0) = f (-T), where'T' is the period . (b
) Inverse of a periodic function does not exist. (c) Every constant function is
always periodic, with no fundamental period. (d) If f(x) has a period T & g( x)
also has a period T then it does not mean that f(x)+g(x) must have a period T .
e.g. f(x) = [ sinx j + | cosx |. (e) (f) 15. If f(x) has a period p, then -j and
i/f(x) also has a period p . t (x) if f(x) ha s a period T then f(ax + b) has a
period T/a (a > 0) . GENERAL: If x, y are independent variables, then: (i) f(xy)
= f(x) + f(y) f(x) = k In x o r f(x) = 0 . (ii) f(xy) = f(x). f(y) f(x) = x n ,
n e R (iii) f(x+y) = f(x) . fl y) => f(x) = a"*. (iv) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) =>
f(x) = kx, where k is a constan t. ^Bansal Classes Functions &Trig.-<f>-IV [9]
EXERCISE-I Q. 1 Find the domains of definitions of the following functions : (Re

ad the symb ols [*] and {*} as greatest integers andfractionalpart functions res
pectively.) (ii) f(x) = log7log5log3log: (2x3 + 5x2 - 14x) (iv) f(x)' 1-5* 7~ x
- 7 f (i) f (x) = Vcos2x + V16 - x2 (iii) f(x) = In j^Vx2 - 5 x - 24 - x - 2 (v)
y = logiosin(x-3) + Vl6-x 2 +lnx(x 2 -1) V^x -"1 2 (vi) f(x)= log100; \ 21og10 x
+ 1 ~ x j (vii) f(x) = (via) f(x)= J o g , (ix) f(x)=Jx 2 -|x| +-j=L= (x) f (x)
= .v/(x2 - 3x -10). In2 (x - 3) cosx \/6 + 35x-6x 2 (xi) f(x) = ^/logx(cos27tx)
(xiii) f(x)= V logj/3 (log4 ([x] 2 - 5) ) (xv) f(x) = logxsinx \\ (xii) f(x) : (
xiv) f(x)= ~^ + log(2{x}_5)(x2 -3x + 10)+-~ (xvi) f(x) = log2 -k>gi/2 1 + + Vlo8
io 0iox) - togio ( 4 - log!0x) - log10 3 3in ( iw) JJ V v. (XVii) f ( x ) - ^ + lo
g l _ { x } (x 2 -3x + 10)+ - 7 = 2 + 2 (xviii)f(x) = j(5x-6-x ) [{/n{x}}] + A/
(7x-5-2x ) Vn_1 ^ (l /n x v v2 yy (xix) If f(x)= J x 2 - 5x + 4 & g(x) = x+3, th
enfindthe domain of - (x). g Q. 2 Find the domain & range of the following funct
ions. (Read the symbols [*] and {*
} as greatest integers andfractionalpari functions respectively.) (i) y=log^ sin

x-cos x) + sj 00 y 2x 1+x + (iii) f(x) = x2 - 3x + 2 x2 +x-6 (iv)f(x)=^|x| (vi)
f (x) = lg(cosecx.1)(2- [sinx] - [sinx] ) Q. 3 2 y=^2-x Draw graphs of the follo
wing function, where [ ] denotes the greatest integer fu nction. (i) f(x) = x +
[x] (ii) y = (x)M where x=[x] + (x)& x > 0 & x < 3 (iii) y = sgn [x] (iv) sgn (x
-! x |) tlBansal Classes Functions & Trig.-<f>- IV [10]
Q. 4 Classify the following functions f(x) definzed in R R as inj ective, suij e

ctive , both or none. (a) f(x) = x ' 2+ 4 x + 3 0 (b) f(x) = x 3 -6x 2 + l l x 6 x 8x + 18 (c) f(x) = (x 2 +x+5)(x 2 +x-3) Q.5 Let f(x) = ------. Let f2(x) de
note f[f(x)J and f3(x) denote f[f{f(x)}]. Find f3 n(x) where nis a natural numbe
r. Also state the domain ofthis composite function . Q.6 Q. 7 Function f & g are
defined (i) periods of fog & gof. llowing pairs of functions ) = sec2x - tan2x
; g(x) = k where (B) sgn (x2 + 1); g (x) = sin2x + cos2x (D) f(x) = Q.8 Q.9 ; g(
x) = Vx"2" x The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0,1], Find the do mai
n of definition ofthe functions, (a) f(sinx) (b) f(2x+3) Find whether the fol lo
wing functions are even or odd or none : _ x(a +1 (b) f(x) = -Ax * ) a -1 (e) f(
x) = x Sin2x - x3 (a) f(x) = log fx+Vl+x 2J) v (d) f(x) = x 2 - | x | (c) f(x) =
sin x + cos x (f) f(x) = K, where K is constant (i) f(x)= +\ + 1 A 1/3 _i_ 0x \
(g) f(x)= sinx-cosx (h) f(x) = L _ i _ (j) f(x) = [(x+l)2]1/3 + [(x-l) 2 ] Q.IO
Find the peri od for each of the following functions : (a) f(x)= sin^x + cos'bc
(b) f(x) = | cosx! 3 2 (d) f(x)= cos - x - sin - x. Q.ll Prove that the functio
n s; (c) f(x) = x + sinx (a) f(x) = cosVx (d) f(x) = cosx2 (c) fix)= | sinx I +1
cosx | (b) f(x) = sin Vx are not periodic. Q.12 Write explicitly, functions of
y defined by the following equations and als ofindthe domains of definition ofth
e given implicit functions: (a) 10X +10y = 10 (b) x + | y | = 2y Q.13 Q.14 Find
out for what integral values of n the number f(x) = cos nx. sin (5/n)x. Compute
the inverse of the functions: (a) f(x) = In ( x + Vx 2 +l) Q.15 Q.16 (b) f(x) =
2 ^ (c) y = 10 x -10" x 10x+ 10^ is a period o f the function: Show if f(x) = n/
a - xn , x > 0 n > 2 , n e N , then (fof) (x) = x. Find also th e inverse of f(x
). (a) (b) Represent the function f(x) = 3x as the sum of an eve n & an odd func
tion, For what values of p e z, the function f(x) = , n e N is ev by f(x) = sin
x, xeR ; g(x) = tan x , xeR K e I .Find (ii) range of the function fog & gof. Wh
ich of the fo are identical ? (A) f(x) = log e, g(x) = logex (C) f(x cosec2x - co
t2x
en. ^Bansal Classes Functions & Trig.-0- IV [U]
Q.17 Q.18 1 A function f: r 2 ^ j -00 .4 j (b) f is odd ? A function f defined f

or all real numbers is defined as follows for x > 0 : f (x ) = [ *'x> j*"1 How is
f defined for x < 0 if: (a) f is even Q.19 If f(x) = max ( x ' ~ ) for x > 0 wh
ere max (a, b) denotes the greater of the tw o real numbers a and b. Define the
function g(x) = fj[x). f f ~ j and plot its g raph. Q.20 Find two distinct linea
r functions which map the interval [ - 1 , 1 ] onto [ 0 , 2 ] , EXERCISE-II Q.l
Let f be a one-one function with domain {x,y,z} and range {1,2,3}. It is giv en
that exactly one of the following statements is true and the remaining two ar e
false. f(x) = 1 ; f(y) * 1 ; f(z) * 2 . Determine f1'(1) Let/(x) be a polynomi a
l with real coefficient. If/(x)=/(x 2 + x + 1) for all x e R, show that/ (x) is
an even degree polynomial. Prove that if the function f(x) = sinx + cospx is pe
riodic, then p is a rational number. \ (ad-be * 0) is also a linear cx + d fract
ional function. Under what condition f(x) coincide with its inverse. A function
f: RR satisfies the condition, x2 f (x) + f (1 - x) = 2x - x 4 . Find f (x) and i
t s domain and range. Let f be a real valued function with domain R. Now if for
so me positive constant p, the equation f(x + p) = l+(2 - 3 f(x) + 3 f(x) - f5 (
x)) 1/3 holds good for x e R , then prove that f(x) is a periodic function. e~J\
hi{x}\ Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 J Q.5 Q.6 Prove that the inverse of the linear fractional func
tion f(x) = 3X + _ {x} l \j 1 /n{x} whereeyer it exigts Q. 7 Prove that the func
tion defined as , f (x) = . {x} f (x) is odd as well as even. (where {x} denotes
the fractional part function)
Q.8 f 7tx n = 4 cos2 + x cos In a function 2f(x) + xfl 4// Prove that (i) f(2) + f
(l/2) = 1 and (ii) f(2) + ned for all x, y e R is such that f ( l ) = 2 ; f(2) ,
wherekis some constant. Find f(x) & show that : f ( . ,^ otherwise,then Q.9 Q.IO
Let 'f be a real valued function defined for all real numbers x such that for s
o me positive constant' a' the equation f(x+a)=^+-Jf(x)-(f(x))2 holds forall x.P
ro ve that the function f is periodic. feBansal Classes Functions & Trig.-<j>-IV
[12] - ) - 2f V2 sin 7t X + 2 x v I f(l) = 0 A function f, defi = 8 & f(x+y)-kx
y=f(x)+2y 2 x + y ) f P ^ ] =kfor x+y*0
Q.ll If f(x) = - l + i x - 2 | , 0 < x < 4 g(x)= 2 - | x | , - 1 < x < 3 Then fi

nd fog(x ) & gof(x) .Draw rough sketch of the graphs of fog (x) & gof(x). 3y + 2
x* = 2 24x Q.12 Find the domain of definition of the implicit function defined b
y the impli cit equation, -1 Q. 13 Let {x} &[x] denote thefractionaland integral
part ofa re al number x respectively. Solve 4{x}=x+ [x] Q.14 (a) (b) 2tanx Iff
1 + tan2x. (c os2x + 1) (sec2x + 2tanxj -,finddomain & range of f(x). 71 If f (x
) = tanx; g(f(x)) = fI x ~ ~ I and f(x), g(x) are real valued function . For all
permissible values of x, then prove that ^ = 3g(x) +1 "S^T + 2 ' 2x ' f 2x +1 l ^
^ l J J = 1 > ^ \ 71 = f l 4/ T s( 2x > I ^ O T T . Q.15 If f(x) = log ] V -x ;
g(x) = {x} where {x} denotes the fractional part of x. If the function (fog) (x)
exists, thenfindthe range of g(x). Q.16 Find a formula for a function g (x) sat
isfying the following conditions (a) domain of g is ( - oo, oo) (b) ran ge of g
is [-2, 8] (c) g has a period tz and (d) g(2) = 3 2x (sinx 4 tsnx) 311 * Q.17 Pr
ove that f(x) = ^ ->,i is dd function, where [] denotes greatest integer function
. [x + 2711 2 n - 3 Q.18 Find the set of real x for which the function f (x) = d
enotes the greatest integer function. Q.19 Ais a point on the circumferen ce ofa
circle. ChordsAB and AC divide the area ofthe circle into three equal par ts. I
f the angle B AC is the root of the equation, f(x) = 0 then find f (x). Q.2 0 If
for all real values of u&v, 2f(u) cosv = f(u + v) + f(u-v), prove that, for all
real values of x (i) f(x) + f(-x) = 2a cosx (ii) f(7i - x) + f(-x) = 0 (iii) f(7
i - x) + f(x) = - 2b sinx. Deduce that f(x) = a cosx - b sinx, a, b are arbi tra
ry constants. 1 is not defined, where [x] [|x-l|] + [ | l 2 - x | ] - l l EXERCI
SE-III Q.l(a) Fill in the blanks. (i) If f is an even function defined on the in
terval (-5, 5), then 4 real values of x satisfying the equation x+1 f(x) = f x +
2. are (ii) If f(x) = sin2x+sin2(x+~-J + cosxcos(^x+^j and t
& =1 , then (gof) (x) = [IIT'96,1+2] ^Bansal Classes Functions &Trig.-<f>-IV [13
]
Q.2 Let f: {x,y,z}->{a,b,c}be a one-one function. It is known that only one ofth
e fo llowing statements is true: (i) f(x) * b (ii) f (y) = b (iii)f(z)*a Find th
e fun ction f. [REE '96, 6] If the functions f, g, h are defined from the set of
real numbers R to R such that ; r 0, if x < 0 f(x)=x 2 -l,g(x)=^~Ti ,h(x)= ; th
enfind the composite function ho(fog) & determine L x, if x > 0 whether the func
tion (f og) is invertible & the function h is the identity function. [REE '97, 6
] Q.3 Q.4(a) If g (f(x)) = | sinx | & f (g(x = (sin Vx)*, then : (A) f(x) = sin2
x, g(x ) = Vx (C) f(x) = x2, g(x) = sin Vx (b) If f(x) = 3x-5,thenf (x) 1 3x - 5
(C) do es not exist because f is not one-one (A) is given by Q.5 x+5 (B) is giv
en by 3 ( D) does not exist because f is not onto [JEE!98, 2 + 2] -1 (B) f(x) = s
inx, g(x) = i x | (D) f & g cannot be determined If the functions f & g are defi
ned from the set of real numbers R to R such that f(x) = e\ g(x) = 3x-2, then fi
nd functions fog & gof. Alsofindthe domains of fu nctions (fog)-' & (gof)-1. [RE
E'98, 6] If the function f: [1, ) - > [1, oo) is d efined by f(x) = 2x(x-1>, the
n f-1(x) is: [JEE'99,2] / .y(x-I) . ^ (A) ( - J (B) - (l + ^l + 41og2I) (C) - (l
- Vl + 41og2x) (D) not defined The domain of defin ition of the function, y (x)
given by the equation, 2X + 2y = 2 is: (A) 0 < x < 1 (B) 0 < x < 1 (C) - o o <
x < 0 (D) - oo < x < 1 Q.6 Q.7 [ JEE 2000 (Screening), 1 out of 35 ] Q.8 Q.9 -1
, x <0 Given x = {1,2, 3, 4}, find all one-one, onto mappings, f: X X such that,
f(l) = I, f(2) * 2 and f(4) * 4 . [ REE - 2000, 3 out of 100 ] [JEE 2001 (Scree
ning) 5 x 1 = 5 j L t g(x) = 1 + x - [x] & f(x) = < 0 { 1 , (a) , x = 0 , Then fo
r all x, f (g (x)) is equal to x>0 (A)x (b) (B) 1 (C)f(x) (D)g(x) If f: [1, oo)
- [2, oo) is given by, f(x) = x + , then f - 1 (x) equals : X (A) l l J U l 2 (B)
1 + x" + 2
(C) I z E I l 2 is : (D) 1 (c) W The domain of definition of f(x) = W (A) R \ {1, - 2 } x + 3x + 2 (B) (-2, oo) (C) R\{-1, - 2 , - 3 } (D) (-3, Q ) \ {-1, - 2
} O ^B ansaI Classes Functions & Trig.-fl- IV [14]
(d) ;' (e) Let E = {1, 2, 3,4} & F = {1, 2}. Then the number of onto functions f
rom E to F is (A) 14 (B) 16 (C) 12 (D) 8 a x Let f(x) = j - , x * - 1 . Then for
what value of a is f (f (x)) = x ? (A) ,J2 (B)-V2 (C) 1 (D) - 1 . Q. 10(a) Supp
ose f(x) = (x + l)2 for x > -1. If g(x) is the function whose graph is the refle
ction ofthe graph of f(x) with respect to the line y=X, then g(x) e quals (A)-Vx
- L , x > 0 (B)^-^r,x>-L (C) A/^+T,X>-1 (D)V^-L,x>0 (b) Let function / : R -->
R be defined by / (x) = 2x + sinx for x e R . Then / is (A) one to one and onto
(B) one to one but NOT onto (C) onto but NOT one to o ne (D) neither one to one
nor onto [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3+3] x 2 +x + 2 Q. 11 (a) Range of the function
f (x) = ~ x +x + l (A) [1,2] (b) Let f(x) is (B)[l,co) (C) (D) v1'! defined from
(0, 00) [ 0,00) then by f (x) is > 1+x (A) one- one but not onto (B ) one- one
and onto (C) Many one but not onto (D) Many one and onto 2 Q.12 [JEE 2003 (Scree
ning), 3+3] Letf(x) = sinx + cosx, g(x) = x - 1 . Thusg(f(x))isi nvertibleforx e
(A) f.O 0. (B) ~~2'71 7 T (C) 71 TC 4' 4 R such that x e irrational (D) 0 . * [J
EE 2004 (Screening)] Q. 13 (a) If the functions/ (x) and g (x) are defined on R
f(*)= , x e rational . . , , g(x) = x e irrational x, X, x e rational then ( f g)(x) is (A) one-one and onto (C) one-one but not onto
(B) neither one-one nor onto (D) onto but not one-one (b j) X and Y are two sets
and f: X Y. If {f (c) = y; c <z X, y e Y} and { f ( d ) =x; d c Y , x c X ) , t
hen the true statement is (A)f(f" 1 (b))=b (C) f (f 1 (b))=b, b e y (B) f _ 1 (f
(a)) = a (D) f~ ! (f(a)) = a , a c x [JEE 2005 (Scre ening)] ^Bansal Classes Fun
ctions & Trig.-<f>- IV [15]
KEY CONCEPTS (INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION) G E N E R A L DEFEVITION(S): 1. sin

-1 x, cos -1 x, tan -1 x etc. denote angles or real numbers whose sine is x, who
se cosine is x and whose tangent is x , provided that the answers given are n um
erically smallest available. These are also written as arc sinx, arc cosx etc. I
f there are two angles one positive & the other negative having same numerical v
alue, then positive angle should be taken . 2. PRINCIPAL VALUES AND DOMAINS OF I
NVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) NOTE THAT y = sin -1 x
where - 1 < X < 1 ; ~ < Y < a n d siny = x . y = cos - 1 x where - 1 < X < 1 ; 0
< y < 7 t and cosy = x . y = tan - 1 x where x e R ; ~ y < x < f " an( * tan ^
= x y = cosec-1 x where x < - 1 or x > 1 ; ~ < ; y s , y ^ O and cosecy = x . y
= se c-1 x where x < - 1 or x > 1 ; 0 < y < 7 t ; y = cot -1 x where x e R , 0 <
y < 7t and coty = x . : (a) (b) (c) and secy = x . 1st quadrant is common to al
l the inverse functions . 3rd quadrant is not used i n inverse functions . 4th q
uadrant is used in the CLOCKWISE DIRECTION i.e. < y < , 0 . 3. PROPERTIES OF INV
ERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS : P-l (i) sin (sin-1 x) = x , - 1 < x < 1 (iii) tan (tan
-1 x) = x , x e R (v) cos -1 ( cosx) = x ; 0 < x < 7i (ii) cos (cos -1 x) = x ,
- 1 < x < 1 (iv) sin-1 (sin x) = x , (vi) tan -1 (tanx ) = x ; - j < x < ~
P-2 (i) cosec-1 x = sin-1 x ; ; x<-l,x>l x<-l , x>l (ii) sec-1 x = cos-1 X (iii)
cot -1 x = tan -1 -X X ; x>0 = 7t + tan -1 ; x < 0 P-3 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) sin1 (-x) = - sin"1 x , - 1 < x < 1 tan -1 (-x) = - tan -1 x , x e R cos -1 (-x ) =
% - cos -1 x , - 1 < x < 1 cot -1 (-x) = it - cot -1 x , x e R -1 < x < 1 I x |
>1 P-4 (i) sin-1 x + cos -1 x = j (ii) tan -1 x + cot -1 x = y xeR (iii) cosec1 x + sec-1 x = ^Bansal Classes Functions & Trig.-<f>- IV [16]
P-5 tan -1 x + tan"1 y = tan -1 t- 2 --^ where x > 0 , y > 0 & x y < l X+V = k +
tan -1 - where x > 0 , y > 0 & x y > l tan 1 x-tan~'y = tan -1 where x > 0 , y > 0
J 1 + xy P-6 (i) sin-1 x + sin-1 y = s in-1 x -Jl - y 2 + y -Jl Note that: x2 +
y2 < 1 . = (ii) where x > 0 , y > 0 & ( x2 + y2) < 1 71 0 < sin 1 x + sin 1 y <
where x > 0 , y > 0 & x2 + y 2 > l sin-1 x + sin-1 y = % - sin-1 x J l - y 2 + y
J l - x 2 Note that: x2 + y2 >1 => 71 < sin-1 x + sin-1 y < 7t wherex > 0 , y >
0 where x > 0, y > 0 if, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 & xy + yz + zx < 1 (iii) (iv) P-7
sin _1 x-sin -1 y = sin -1 [x^/l-y 2 - y V l - x 2 J cos -1 x cos -1 y = cos"1 j
xy + yjl-x2 yj\-y2 j i x + y + z-xyz "7 tan ' If tan *x + tan ! y + tan 1lz = t
on 1 - xy - yz - zx No te : (i) (ii) If tan -1 x + tan -1 y + tan -1 z = n then
x + y + z - x y z If tan -1 x + tan 1 y + tan"1 z = ~ then xy + yz + zx = 1 2x l
+ x1 : P-8 2 tan"1 x = sin" cos' 1X 2x = tan"1 1 + x' 1-x2 if if if if if if 3 7
t jx|<l x>l x<-l |x|<l x<-l x>l Note very carefully t h a t : 2x sin 1 + x2 2 ta
n"1 x it - 2tan_1 x -(7c+2 tan"1 x) 2tan _1 x 7i+2tan x -(7T-2tan_1x) _1 cos 1-x
2 1 + x2 2tan"1 x if x > 0 -2tan"1x if x < 0 tan 2x 1-x2 REMEMBER THAT : (i) (ii
) (iii) sin 1 x + sin 1 y + sin 1 z =
=> x = y = z = 1 => and x =y= z= -l tan"1 1 + tan"1 J + tan"1 j = j cos"1 x + co

s -1 y + cos -1 z 3% tan"1 1 + tan"1 2 + tan"1 3 = 71 ^Bansal Classes Functions
& Trig.-<f>- IV [17]
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS SOME USEFUL GRAPHS 1. y= s k

y e 7 7 1 C 2 ' 2 2. y = cos-1 x , | x | < l , y e [0,7t] y=
y=sinx y=arc sinx v= cos X 3. y = tan~ 1 x,xeR, y 2 ' 2 4. y
, y e (0 , it) y=tanx v= arc cot x y= arc tan x y= arc tan x
5. y=sec _ 1 x, |x| > 1, y 6. y = cosec"'x, | x | > 1, y e 2
r ' x , | x | < 1,
arc cos x y=stnx x
= cot - 1 1, x e R
TT/2 y=arc cot x x
; v 2 y1 7t TT/2 1
y 71/2 , 00 0 7t/2 1 X -lj o ^Bansal Classes Functions & Trig.-<f>- IV [18]
7. (a) t y = sin-1 (sinx),x e R, y e K 7 Periodic with period 2n ~2 '~2 7.(b) y

= sin (sin 1 x), =x f y \ V+y-Ic/2 /)45i\ \ V 3tt/2 // V -2n -2n/2 ~it\ ! 0 / Tt/
2 7t\ /2x -TT/2 8.(a) y = cos "'(cosx), x e R , y e [0, T ] periodic with period
2 it C, 8. (b) xV n/21i y x e [-1,1], y e [-1,1] , y is aperiodic 1 <y\ A/K i X O
1 -1 =x y = cos ( c o s x ) , =x x e [-1,1], y e [-1,1], y is aperiodic >y /yy
y -2% 9. (a) V tt/2 0 1 O 7t 9. (b) 71 tiHY it/2 1 -1 y = tair ! (tanx), =x xeR pe
riodic with period n y = tan (tan~'x) , j e e R , i y e R , y i s aperiodic =x y
%/i X -in/ O 3k 2 /-Tt f / 1 7 V 2
/ / o n 2 /71 3k 2 /2k x -Tt/2 10. (a) y = cot"1 (cotx), =x x e R - {n7i} , y e (

0, T ) , periodic with it T 10, (b) y = cot (cot_Ix), =x x e R, y e R , y is ape
riodic T t J y y -2% -K A / / >y y ^ .y/ / y O / T t 2n x / 0 ^Bansal Classes Func
tions &Trig.-<f>-IV [19]
11. (a) y = cosec-1 (cosec*), = x 11. (b) y = cosec (cosecx), =x |*| >1, lyl >1,
yisaperiodic xsR-{n7i,nsI},ye y is periodic with period 2n 12. (a) y= sec-1 (se
c*), =* y is periodic with period 2n; 12. (b) y = sec (sec-1*), =* |*| > 1; l.vi
>l],y is aperiodic j ^Bansal Classes Functions &Trig.-<f>-IV [120]
EXERCISE-I Q. 1 Find the following 1 1 (i) tan cos - + tan s. (ii) sin - sin (v)
cos tan 3 1 (iii) cos-^cos 1% 6 (iv) tan 11 tan Q.2 2tc r . -3 x i3 (vi) tan sm
+ cot 5 2 Find the following : Tt . ' - V T (i) sin - sin 2 V2 , (iv) cos (vi).
tan-1 4Tt c os3 3sin2a 5 + 3cos2a '-VT (ii) cos cos v 2 , -i3 (v) sin cos + tan
-1 tana 4 % + 6 3 it (iii) tan - tanJ where - < a < 2 2 Q.3 Prove that : (a) 2 co
s-1 -4= _3 Vl3 -i L + cot -1 + - cos-1 = % 63 2 25 (b) tan -1 2 + tan -1 3 = (d)
arc cos 3% 76 + 1 _ T C 2V3 ~ 6 (c) cot 1 9 + cosec-1 Q.4 = - arc cos Find the d
omain of definition the following functions. (Read the symbols [*] and {*} as gr
eatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.) (i) f(x) = arc cos
2x 1 +x (ii) f(x)=-+2 arcsmx + 1 - ' x yfx-2 (iv) f(x) sin"
3 (iii) 7cos(sinx) +sin (v) f(x) = 1 sm x 2 log 5 (l-4x ) z -log 10 (4-x) + cos1 (1 - {x}) , where {x} is the fractional part of x. + log6 (2|x| - 3) + s in-1
(log2 x) (vi) f (x) = x + cos-11 J (vii) f(x) = logjg (l - log7 (x 2 - 5 x+13))
+ cos-1 (viii) f(x)=e l2 2 + sin 97IX '+tan -1 x + in( V ^ W ) (ix) f(x) = v;sm(
cosx) + /n ( - 2 cos 2 x + 3 cosx+ 1) + e -1 2 sinx + 1 2j2si sinx ^Bansal Classes
Functions & Trig.-IV [21]
Q. 5 Find the domain and range of the following functions. (Read the symbols [*]
and {*} as greatest integers andfractionalpart functions respectively.) (i) f (
x) = cot -1 (2x-x 2 ) f ir \ 2 _1 ^2x + 1 (iii) f(x) = cos (ii) f(x) = sec 1 (log
3 tan x+ log tanx 3) (iv) f (x) = tan"1 log4 (5x2 - 8x + 4 ) V 5 1 Q.6 Q.7 Find
the solution set ofthe equation, 3 cos"1 x = sin Prove that : 71 (a) sin 1 cos (
sin 1 x) + cos 1 sin (cos 1 x) = , (b) 2 tan"1 (cosec tan_1x - tan cot-1x) = tan
-1 x (c) tan 2mn / ~ \ 2pq VP - q f - J l - x 2 (4x 2 - l) j . | x | <1 (x * 0)
+ tan tan 2MN where M = mp - nq, N = np+mq, vM2 -N 2 . n N q <1 <i ; <1 and m M
p (d) tan (tan-1 x + tan"1 y + tan -1 z) = cot (cot 1 x + cot ^ + 001 l z) Q8 Q.
9 3 Find the simplest value of, arc cosx + arc cos [ ~ + ^ V ~ 3x2 j , x e ,1 If
cos 1 + cos 1 = a then prove that l a b x -d 2.xy y . , cosa H- = sin a . ab b Q
.IO If arc sinx + arc siny + arc sinz = n then prove that : (a) QJ1 Q.12 X^ 1 x
2 -y2 + z-^l - z2 = 2xyz (b) x4 + y4 + z4 + 4 x2y2z2 = 2 (x2 y2 + y2 z2 + z2x 2)
(x, y, z > 0) Find the greatest and the least values of the function, f(x) = (s
in-1 x)3 + (cos -1 x)3 Solve the following equations/system of equations : (a) s
in lx + sin 1 2x - (c) tan -1 (x-l) + tan-1(x) + tan -1 (x+l) = tan-1(3x) i 1 i
TC (d) sin - 1 ^ j +cos - 1 x= (f) sin lx + sin ! y = & cos *x - cos 'y= 3 3 (b)
tan"11 + tan"1 = tan 1 -7 2 1 + 2x 1 + 4x 2x x _i _ (e) cos 1 ~ - + tan 1 2 x -1
x +1 2n 1-a 1-b (g) 2 t a n - 1 x - c o s - i Y 7 ^ - cos 'Y^tf Q.13 Q.14 Q.15 2
a>0, b>0 If tan-1x, tan-1y, tan -1 z are in A. P., then prove that, y2 (x + z)
2y (1 -x z) = x + z where y e (0, 1) ; x z < 1 & x > 0 , z >0. Find the value
f sin-1 (s in5) + cos-1(coslO) + tan-1 [tan (-6)] + cot -1 [cot (-10)]. if
i I 467t^ f 137t | Showthat: sm I sinJ + cos |^cos | + tan | - t a n | +
1 1 3tc ^Bcmsal Classes Functions & Trig.-IV [22] *
+
o
3370
cot cot 197
Q.16 In a A ABC if ZA = 90, then prove that tan"1 ^ c+a + tan"1 V = T a+b 4 Q.17
Prove that: sin cot-1 tan cos-1 x = sin cosec-1 cot tan_1x = x Q.18 where x e (0
,1] If sin2x + sin2y < 1 for all x, y e Rthen prove that sin-1 (tanx. tany) e '
2 ' 2 Q.19 Find all the positive integral solutions of, tan Jx + cos 1 V ! y : s
in +y / VTo' Q. 20 Let f (x) = cor (x + 4x+a - a) be a function defined R -> 0 t
henfindthe co mplete set of real v ' 2 values of a for which f (x) is onto. 1 2
2 % EXERCISE-II Q. 1 Prove that : K 1 K 1 a + cos a + tan cos i b 4 2 b (a) tan 4
2 = 2b a 2J w w c o s -l cosx + cosy = 1 + cosx cosy V1 + X2 - VL - X2 , tan X
* 2
v a- b x . tan a+b 2 cos b + a cosx a + bcosx Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 If y = tan1 + x +Vl-x 2
2 prove that x2 = sin 2y. If u = cot -1 i/cos20 - tan -1 V c o s 2 e then prove
that sin u = tan2 9. 2 n . If a = 2 arc tan 1 + X1 & p = arc sin f 1 - x2 for 0
< x < 1, then prove t hat a + (3 = 1+x J-x. what the value of a + P will be if
x > 1. Q.5 Ifx e 1 2 ên express the function f (x) = sin-1 (3x - 4x 3 ) + cos 1 (4x3 - 3x) in the form of a cos -1 x + b7t, where a and b are rational numbers
. Find the sum of the series : (a) sm 1 , . , 4l - 1 , f= + sm 1= t V2 V6 . Vn - Jn
- 1 + sm 1 i LVn(n + 1) + oo Q O (b) (c) (d) w tan-1 ^ + tan -1 - + + tan - 1 1
+ ^ cot"17 + cot"113 + cot-121 + cot"131 + to n terms . l tan -1 2 + tan -1 + tanl. 2 + tan"1 2 to n terms. 2 x + X+ 1 x' + 3x + 3 x + 7x + 13 x + 5x + 7 tan-1 + tan - 1 1 + tan -1 + tan"1 ^ + , 2 8 18 32 oo (e) ^Bansal Classes Functions &
Trig.-<f>- IV [23]
Q.7 Solve the following : (a) cor'x + cot"1 ( n 2 - x + 1) = cot"1 ( n - 1 ) (b)

sec -1 - sec-1 ~ - sec_1b - sec_1a a > 1 ; b > 1 , a ^ b . (c) tan'-i a x- 1 x
+1 b + tan~' 2X7T = tan ~ 36 2x 1 23 Q.8 Q9 33 1 1 1 _i a a P F 2 Express cosec2
-tan" + sec^ -tan 2 a 2 .2 P as an integral polynomial in a & p. Find the integ
ral values of K for which the system of equations; arccosx + (arcsiny) (arcsiny)
2 . (arccosx) = KTI2 4 possesses solutions & find those solutions. = 3 - 4x 4X
Q.IO Express the equation cot equation is x & y. Q.ll Q.12 Q.13 Q.14 Q.15 Q.16 1
VT x - y 2 2 = 2 tan r I3 4 x 2 tan"1 VX as a rational integral ~ If X= cosec . t
an -1 . cos . cot -1 . sec . sin-1 a & Y= sec cot -1 sin tan -1 c osec cos"1 a ;
where0 < a < 1 . Find the relation between X & Y . Express them i n terms of 'a
'. If A = ~ c o r 1 Q j + | c o r ^ | j H-^cof'f-M ; B = 1 cot -1 ( l) + 2cot"1(
2) + scores), then find the value of (A2 + B2 - 2 AB)1/2. 1 7 Prove that the equ
ation ,(sin_1x)3 + (cos_1x)3 = a n3 has no roots f o r a < anda> Sol ve the foll
owing inequalities : (c) tan2 (arc sinx)> 1 (a) arc cot 2 x - 5 arc c otx + 6 >
0 (b) arc sinx > arc cosx Solve the following system of inequations 4 arc tan2x
- 8arc tanx + 3 < 0 & 4 arc cotx - arc cot2 x - 3 > 0 =0 v y J v y ; T he sets X
j, Xj e [-1, 1] ; Yj, Y2 c I - {0} are such that Xj : the solution set of equati
on (i) X2 : the solution set of equation (ii) Yj : the set of all integ ral valu
es of y for which equation (i) possess a solution Y2 : the set of all in tegral
values of y for which equation (ii) possess a solution Let: Cj be the cor respon
dence : Xl Yj such that xC, y for x e X p y e Yj & (x, y) satisfy (i). C2 be the
correspondence : X2 -> Y2 such that x C2 y for x e X 2 , y e Y2 & (x, y) satisf
y (ii). State with reasons if C j & C2 are functions ? If yes, state wheth
er they are bijjective or into ? Consider the two equations in x; (i) sin =1 (ii
) cos cos-1 (sin(x + 3-)) f 4 1 Given the functions f(x)= e " , g(x) = cosec"1
I 2C0SX^ cos ! x \ / sm -1 x \ Q.17 J & the function h(x) = f(x) defined only fo
r those values of x, which are common to the domains of the funct ions f(x) & g(
x). Calculate the range of the function h(x). Q.18 (a) (b) 2x. 1 x ^ are identic
al functions, then compute If the functions f(x) = sin"1 - & g(x) = c os-1 z 2 1+x
~" 1+ x their domain & range. If the functions f(x) = sin"1 (3x~4x3) & g(x) = 3
sin-1 x are equal functions, then compute the maximum range ofx. ^Bansal Classe
s Functions & Trig.-<f>- IV [24]
Q.19 Convert the trigonometric function sin (2 cos 1 (cot (2tan 1x))) into an al
gebra ic function f(x). Then from the algebraic function,findall the values of x
for w hich f(x) is zero. Express the values of x in the form a Vb where a & b a
re rati onal numbers. Solve for x: ( 2 +4 Y\ 2x sin < T 3. C sin" 1 + x' J) V V 1
f Q.20 EXERCISE-III Q. 1 The number of real solutions of tair ! Jx (x+1) + sin"5
jx 2 + x + 1 = is: (A) zero Q.2 (B) one (C) two (D) infinite [JEE'99,2 (out of2
00)] i Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle: 3 ta
n- ( ! ) + 2 * * * bx ax sin-1 + sin-1 = sin"1 x c c [REE'99, 6] Q.3 Q. 4 Solve,
where a2 + b2 = c 2 , c * 0. [REE2000(Mains), 3 out of 100] [REE2001 (Mains), 3
out of 100] Solve the equation: cos_1(V6x) + cos_I(3V3x2) = x2 x3 If sin"1 | x
~ y + ~ (A) 1 /2 (B) 1 f Q.5 + cos" 2 ; X 4 2 X + 6 4 for 0 < | x | < (D)-l then
x equals to [JEE 2001 (screening)] (C) - 1 / 2 x2 + l x+2 Q, 6 Prove that cos ta
n"1 sin cot _1 x = [JEE 2002 (mains) 5]
Q.7 1 Domain of f(x) : ^|sin- (2x)+ 6 % is (C) (A) ( 1 1 2'2. v (B) "1 3 ^ 1 i r
4' 4_ (D) i r 4'2_ [JEE 2003 (Screening) 3] Q8 If sin (cot 1 (x +1)) - cos(tan
(A) x), then x = (C)0 . 1 (B)| <> P4 [JEE 2004 (Screening)] ^Bansal Classes Func
tions &Trig.-<f>-IV [25]
ANSWER KEY FUNCTIONS EXERCISE-I Q l . (i) 571 -371 u 7 7t C u 4'4 3 7 5 7t C (ii

) T ' T -4,-1 U ( 2 , 0 0 ) (iii) ( - 0 0 , - 3 ] ( i v ) ( - o o , - l ) u [ 0
, oo) (v) ( 3 - 2 T C < X < 3 - T C ) U ( 3 < X < 4 ) (vi) 1 1 '100 J l IOO'VIO
u (vii) (-1 < x < -1/2) U (x > 1) (x) { 4 } ^ [ 5 , o o ) (viii) 1-V? u i +VJ 00
(ix) (-3, - 1 ] U {0} U [ 1,3 ) (xii) A 1 u 5TC , T'6 6' 3 (xi) ( 0 , 1 / 4 ) U
( 3 / 4 , 1 ) U { x : x e N , x > 2 } (xiv) (> j (xiii) [ - 3 , - 2 ) u [3,4) (
xv) 2KTC < x < ( 2 K + L)7i but x ^ L where K is non-negative integer (xvi) {x |
1000 < x < 10000} (xvii) (-2, -1) U (-1, 0) U (1, 2) (xix) (-oo, -3) u (-3,1] u
[4, oo) Q2. (i) D : x e R (iii) (iv) (vi) (xviii) (1, 2) u H) V L J R: [0,2] (i
i) D = R ; range [ - 1 , 1 ] R : (f(x)|f(x) e R , f ( x ) * 1/5 ; f(x)* 1} (v) D
:-l<x<2 R : [V3 , V? ] D: { x l x e R ; x * - 3 ; x * 2 } D : R ; R : (-1, 1) D
: x s (2nn, (2n+l)7t) - |2n7i+-|, 2n7i+-|, 2n7t+^f, n e l | and R : log 2; a e (
0, oo) - {1} Range is (-oo, oo)- {0} (b) surjective but not injective Q 4. (a) n
either suijective nor injective (c) neither injective nor suijective Q5. f3n(x)
= x ; Domain = R - {0,1} Q6. (i) period of fog is 7r, period of gof i
s 2% ; (ii) range of fog is [-1,1], range ofgof is [-tanl, tanl] Q 7. A, B, D Q

8. (a) 2KTC < x < 2KTC + T where K e l C (b) [ - 3 / 2 , - 1 ] Q9. (a) odd (b) e
ven (c) neither odd nor even (d) even (e) odd (g) neither odd nor e ven (h) even
(i) even (j) even (f) even Q 10. (a) TC/2 (b) % (c) TC/2 (d) 70 T C Q 12. (a) y
= l o g ( 1 0 - 1 0 x ) , o o < x < 1 (b) y = x/3 when - o o < x < 0 & y = x w
h e n 0 < x < + oo Q 13. 1, 3, 5, 15 Q 15. f !(x) = (a-x n ) 1/n Q 17. x = 1 Q 14. (
a) Q 16. (a) e " e 2 (b) 3X - 3" 2 toga* l0g2x - 1 M (c) - log^ 1-x 1 , 1+X 3 +
3"x 2 X (b) p = 2k, k e l Q 18. (a) f(x) = 1 for x < - 1 & - x for - 1 < x < 0 (
b) f(x) = - 1 for x < - 1 and x for - 1 < x < 0 ^Bansal Classes Functions &Trig.
-<f>-IV [26]
Q19. g(x)= x if 0<x<l Q20. f(x) = 1 + x or 1 - x - x 2 ifx>l EXERCISE-II Q i . f

- (i) = y ] Q 4. a+D=0 Q5. f ( x ) = 1 - x 2 , D = x e R ; range = ( - Q , 1] O
x+1 , 0 < x < 1 Q 9. f(x) = 2x2 Q 11. f o g ( x ) = - ( 1 + X ) J x1 ' - x -0 , 0
<x <2 ' 5f ( x ) = W 3-x , 1 < x ^ 2 x-1 , 2 < x < 3 5-x , 3 < x < 4 ' fof(x) =
4 _ x f x . ., , n <x< 1 0 -x ; x , -1 < x < 0 3 <x<4 ' , <x^2 2 <x < 3 4-x
Q 12. V3 + 1 1 - VT) V2 ' V2 J u (VI - 1 V3 + 1 { V2 ' 4i Q 16. Q.13 x 0 or 5/3

Q.14 Domain [-1,1], Range [0, 2] Q 15. (0, 10"2) u (10-2, 10"1) Q 18. (0,1) u {1
, 2, , 12} u (12, 13) g (x) = 3 + 5 sin(mr + 2x - 4), n e I Q 19. f(x) = sinx +
x EXERCISE-III n t t \ r\ - l + VI A/5 -3 + VS -3-45 1 Q.1 ( ) ( , ) _ .... , (1
1) 1 Q.2 {(x,b),(y,a),(z,c)} Q.3 (hofog)(x) = h(x2) = x2 for XGR, Hence h is not
an i dentity function, fog is not invertible Q.4 (a) A, (b) B Q.5 (fog)(x) = e3
x~2; ( gof) (x) = 3 e x - 2 ; D : x s R+ and x e (-2, Q ) O Q.6 B Q.7 D Q.8 {(1,
1), (2 , 3), (3, 4), (4, 2)} ; {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 2), (4, 3)} and {(1, 1), (2
, 4), (3 , 3), (4, 2)} Q.9 (a) B, (b) A, (c) D, (d)A, (e) D Q.IO (a) D ; (b)A Q.
ll (a) D, (b)A Q.12 C, Q.13 (a) A; (b) D INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY EXERCISE-I Q 1. (i
) - L , (ii) 1, (iii) 5-f, (iv) - f , (v) | , (vi) j Q 4. (i) (v) (vii) FUNCTION
S , (iv) f , (v) | , (vi) a (iv)l<x<4 Q 2. (i) | , (ii) -1, (iii) -1/3 < x < 1 (
ii) (j) (not defined for any real x) x (-1/2, 1/2), x * 0 (vi) (3/2 ,2] {7/3,25/9
} (viii) (-2, 2) - {-1,0,1} (ix) (iii) {1,-1} {x|x = 2n7r + - , n e 1} 6 (!%Bans
al Classes Functions & Trig.-IV [27]
Q5. (i) (ii) (iii) D : x s R R : [7c/4,7c) D:XG V 7t mz, mi + - - j x | x = n7t

+ -^l n e l R: o, (iv) ; R: 2ti" I ' 3 _ 71 7C D:xe R D:xgR R: n 7i 2'4 Q 6. Q12
. s (a)x=iJ| Q8.f (b) x = 3 T3 T Q 11. ll^L when x = - l & when x = 4 = 8 32 V2
(e)x = 0 , I , - I a -b (g)x = 1 + ab (d)x 1 (e) x = 2-73 or V3 (f) x = - , y =
1 Q 14. 8tc - 21 Vio Q 19. x = 1; y = 2 & x = 2 ; y = 7 Q.20 1 + Vl7 EXERCISE-II
Q 4. -7i Q6. Q 7. (a) f (b)| (c) arc cot 2n + 5 9tt 9 Q5. 6 c o s 2 x - y , so
a = 6, b = - 7 C (d) arc tan (x + n) - arc tan x (e) Q 8. (a 2 + P2) (a + p) 2 (
a) x = n 2 - n + 1 or x = n (b) x = ab (c) x = 2 2 Q 9. K = 2; cos,1 & c o s , 1 4 4 Q12. + | c o r 1 ( 3 ) 24 6 Q15. ( t a n i , cotl Q17. [e6, e*]
Q 10. y2 = (9 - 8x2)2 27 V2 Q 11. X = Y = ^ / Q 14. (a) (cot2, oo)u(-oo, cot3) (

b) (c) v 2 ,1 u , Q16. C, is abijective function, C2 is many to many corresponde
nce, hence it is n ot a function 2 2 1 1 Q 18.(a) D : [0, 1], R : [0, n/2] (b) - < x < - (c) D : [ - 1 , 1 ] , R : [0, 2] Q.20 x e (-1, 1) Q.19 x = 0 7 i ; x
= 1 V 2 ; x = - 1 V 2 EXERCISE-III Q.l C Q.2 Tt Q.3 x e { - l , 0, 1} 1 Q.4 x =
Q.5B Q.7 D Q.8 A ^Bansal Classes Functions & Trig.-<f>- IV [28]
BANSAL CLASSES M ATHM ATI C5 TARGETIIT JEE 2007 TRANSIT DPP For Class XI to XII m
oving students FUNCTIONS AND INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS Time Limit: 5 Sittin
g Each of 60 Minutes duration approx. This D P P will be dis cussed during comme
ncement of class- XII
There are 95 questions in this question bank. Only one alternative is correct. Q
. i Let f be a real valued function such that f(x)+ 2f / 2002^ v x J = 3x (D)40
00 for all x > 0. Find f (2). (A)1000 Q.2 (B)2000 (C)3000 Solution set ofthe equ
ation, cos-1 x - sin"1 x - cos" ] (x y3 ) (B) consists of two elements (A) is a
unit set (D) is a void set (C) consists of three elements If f(x) = 2 tan 3x + 5
-^1 - cos 6x ;g(x) is a function having the same time peri od as that off(x), th
en which ofthe following can be g(x). (A) (sec23x + cosec23 x)tan23x (C) cos2 3x
+ cosec3x (B) 2 sin3x + 3cos3x (D) 3 cosec3x + 2 tan3x ,y Q.3 Q.4 Which one of
the following depicts the graph of an odd function? 10 10(A) -10 o 10 -x (B) 0 -1
0 y 10 / -10 10,y 10o J (C) -10 -10 0 10 (D)
-10 7* Q. 5 The sum of the infinite terms ofthe series cot"1 [ l 2 + j + cot"1 [
22 (A) tan"1 (1) Q6 (B) tan"1 (2) + cot"1 j+ (C) tan"1 (3) is equal to (D) tan"
' (4) Domain of definition of the function f (x) = log (A) [0,1] (B) [1,2] 03x~2
- 9X_1 - 1 + ^ c o s ' 0 - x ) is (C)(0,2) (D)(0,1) Q.7 The value of tan"1 Q ta
n 2A\ + tan "' (cot A)+tan (cot3 A) for 0 < A < (k/4) is (A) 4 tan"1 (1) (B) 2 t
an"1 (2) (Q0 (D)none fa B ansa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigo
nometry functions [11]
Q.8 Let f(x) = g(x) and h(x) = max.{sint: 0<t<x} min. {sint: 0<t<x} [f(x)-g(x)]
where [ ] denotes greatest integer function, then the range of h(x) is (A) {0,1}
(B){1,2} (C) {0,1,2} (D) { - 3 , - 2 , - 1 , 0 , 1,2,3} Q. 9 The period of the
function fix) sin 2 rex + sin + s i n ^ ~ | is \3 J (A) 2 (B)6 (C)15 The value o
f (A)secQ.ll 1071 'TCX^ ( 7TX ' (D) 30 Q.IO sec sin f f . 50tc> -sin + cos"1 C
S O I 9J (B) sec 7 T 31TIn] 9 J is equal to (D)-l 3x 2 - 7 x - f 1 + x2 9 9 (C)l
The domain of definition of the function, f (x) = arc cos greatest integer func
t ion, is: (A) (l,o) (B) [0, 6) (C) [0,1] ; where [ *] denotes the (D) ( - 2 , 5
] then: (D) tan 06 = - t a n P theng(x)iis Q.12 a = sin -1 jcos(sin -1 xjj and
P = cos - 1 [sin(cos-1 x)j (A) tan a = cot P (B) t a n a = - c o t p and g(x)= (
C) tan a = tan P f (sin x) + Q.13 Given f(x) (A) periodic with period 7t/2 (C) p
eriodic with period 2n
f (cosx) (B) periodic with period Tt (D) aperiodic Q.14 If x = tan 1 1 - cos 1 [
(A) x = Tty n . . ,1 (1 j + sin 1 ^ ; y = cos - cos (B) y = Ttx (C) tanx = -(4/
3)y iJ O 1 then (D) tanx = (4/3)y Q.15 In the square ABCD with side AB = 2, two
points M & N are onthe adjacent sides o fthe square such that MN is parallel to
the diagonal BD. If x is the distance of MN from the vertex A and f (x) = Area (
A AMN), then range of f (x) is: (A) (0,V 2] (B) ( 0 , 2 ] 1 (C) (o,2V2] j j has
the value equal to 7t (C) cos(D) (0,2V3 Q.16 cos| cos 1 cos^y-j +tan tan] (A) 1
(B)-l (D)0 fa B ansa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometry fu
nctions [11]
Q.17 The domain of the definition of the function f(x) = sin" (A) (7, 7) (C) [ 7 , - 3 ] u [3, 5) u (5, 6) + [log10(6-x)]~ is: (B) (-7, - 3 ) u ( - 3 , 7) (D)
(-3, 3) u (5, 6) 1 . J a sin 2 Kb (C) f(x) vV 2b , where (0 < a < b), is Vb^j 2
a tc 1 . . f a^ f Q .18 The value of tan< +2- sin VbJ + tani[4 4 b <A il (B) 2b (D
) Q.19 Let/be a function satisfying /(xy) : value of/(40)is (A) 15 (B) 20 for al
l positive real numbers x and y. If /(30) = 20, then the (C) 40 (D) 60 Q.20 Numb
er ofreal value ofx satisfying the equation, arc tan ^x(x +1) + arc sin ^x(x + l
) + l = ~ is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2 Q.21 Let f (x) = sin2x + cos4x +
2 and g (x) = cos (cos x) + cos (sin x) also let period of f (x) and g ( x) be T
j and T2 respectively then (A)T,=2T 2 ' (B) 2Tj = T2 (C)Tj-T2 (D)T } =4T 2 Q.22
Number of solutions of the equation (A) 0 (B) 1 Q.23 2 cor 1 2 + cos-1 (3 /5) =
cosec"1 x is (C) 2 (D) more than 2 The domain of definition of the function : f(
x) = /n(Vx 2 - 5 x - 2 4 - x - 2 ) is (A) ( - , - 3 ] (B) (-QO, -3 ] U [ 8 , oo)
(C) -00, v 28 9J (D)none Q. 24 The period of the function f(x) = sin [ c o s ~
+ cos(sinx) equal (A) Q.25 Tt (B) 2n (C)7t (D) 4;t If x = cos"1 (cos4) ; y = sin
"1 (sin3) then which ofthe following holds ? (A) x - y = 1 (B) x + y + 1 = 0 (C)
x + 2 y - 2 (D) tan (x + y) = - tan7 Q.26 Let f (x) e {eWsgnx} andg(x)= e [ e '
s g n x ] , x e R where {x} and [ ] d enotes the fractional part and integral pa
rt functions respectively. Also h (x) = In (f (x)) + In (g(x)) then for all real
x, h (x) is (A) an odd function (B) a n even function (C) neither an odd nor an
even function (D) both odd as well as even function Q. 27 The number of solutio
ns of the equation tan"1 V3y + tan" (A) 3 (B) 2 (C)l = tan"1 x (D)0 is J fa B an
sa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometry functions [11]
f Q.28 Which of the following is the solution set of the equation 2 cos-1 x = co
t _1 (A) (0,1) Q.29 (B)(-l, 1)- {0} ( 9 (-1,0) 2x2 - 1 ^ 2x VT ]_ (D)[-l,l] Sup
pose that / is a periodic function with period and that / (2) = 5 and f(9/4) = 2
then 2 f (-3) - f (l/4) has the value equal to (A) 2 (B)3 Q.30 1 The value of t
an - tan v2 (A) Q.31 K (B) 71 (C)5 CD) 7 - 2V6 is equal: 1 +V6 (Of (D)none Given
f(x) = (x+1>C(2x_8); g(x) = ( 2x ~ 8 )C (x+1) and h (x) = f(x). g (x), the n wh
ich of the following holds? (A) The domain of 'h' is (j) (B) The range of 'h * i
s { - 1 } (C) The domain of 'h' is {x / x > 3 or x < - 3 ; x e I (D) The rang e
of *h' is {1 > t a n -1 Q.32 The sum ]T n = 1 4n is equal to: n - 2n + 2 4 ,1 ,2
(A) tan"1 - + tan"1 (B) 4 tan -J 1 (C) +-- is x" (D) sec"1 (-V2) Q 33 Range oft
he function f(x) = tan"> J [ x ] +[-x] + p-\x\ where [*] is the gr eatest intege
r function. (A) (B)!^!2'00) (C){^2| (D) Q. 3 4 Let [x] denote the greatest integ
er in x. Then in the interval [0,3] the number of solutions of the equation, x 2
- 3 x + [x] = 0 is: (A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 ( D) 0 Q. 3 5 The range of values of p fo
r which the equation, sin cos-1 (cosOan1 xyj = p has a solution is: (A) _L 1
V2'V2. r 0 L (B) [0, 1) if x is rational if x is irrational (C) and g(x) = 1 ^ (

D)(-U) if x is irrational if x is rational Q.36 Let f (x) = X Then the function
( f - g) x is (A) odd (C) neither odd nor even (B)even (D) odd as well as even f
a B ansa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometry functions [11]
Q. 3 7 Number of value of x satisfying the equation sin (A) 0 Q.38 (B) 1 vx; (C)
2 + sin-1 Tt v x y = iiS (D) more than 2 Consider a real valued function f(x) su
ch that f(a) + f(b) = f a +b is satisfied are .1 + ab (A) a e (-oo, 1); b e R (C
) a e (-1, 1); b e [-1, 1] 1 - ef(x) 1 + ef(x) x. The values of 'a' and V for wh
ich ( B ) a s ( - o o , 1); b e (-l,oo) ( D ) a e ( - l , l ) ; b s ( - l , 1) 1
Q. 3 9 The value of tan - c o r (3) equals 2 (Aj^-Vio)"1 Q.40 (B) (lO + V3 )_1
(C) (3 + V10) (D)(lO+V3) The period of the function cos V2 x + cos 2x is : (A) n
(B) K4~2 (C) 2tt (D) none of these Q.41 f f4Ni 2^ fx + 1 1 xThe real values of x
satisfying tan -tan" -tan" = 0 are V xj V xj (A)7J Q.42 (B)V2 (C) 4V2 (D)2 Which of
the following is true for a real valued function y = f (x), defined on [ - a, a
]? (A) f (x) can be expressed as a sum or a difference of two even funct ions (B
) f (x) can be expressed as a sum or a difference of two odd functions (C
) f (x) can be expressed as a sum or a difference of an odd and an even function

(D) f (x) can never be expressed as a sum or a difference of an odd and an even
function cos 1^2 tan " Q.43 (A)sin(4cor 1 3) Q. 44 l Y V, equals (B) sin(3cor'4
) (C) cos(3cor ! 4) (D) cos(4cor13) Let fix) = sin *J[a] x (where [ ] denotes th
e greatest integer function). If f i s periodic with fundamental period %, then
a belongs to : (A) [2,3) (B) {4, 5} ( C) [4, 5] (D) [4, 5) Q.45 The range ofthe
function, f(x) = cot-1 log05(x4 - 2x2 + 3) is: (A) (0,7i) 3?c" 7C (C) 371 (B) 4
_ T""J I 3' (D) 2'T Q. 46 Which of the following is the solution set of the equa
tion sin"!x=cos"1x + sin"1 (3x - 2)1 (A) (B) (C) (D)i^ [11] fa B ansa! Classes T
ransit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometry functions
Q. 47 Which ofthe following functions are not homogeneous ? (A) x + ycos; (B) x+
y" xy (C) v x + vcosx ' ysinx + y ( D ^ J x V y J * y \x/ x vy; Q. 48 Which of
the following is the solution set ofthe equation 3 cos_1x = cos-1 (4x3 - 3x)? (A
) [-1,1] (B) 1 l" . 3'3. (C) r1 J (D) Q.49 The function f : R - > R , defined as
f(x) = II 6 x (A) injective but not suiject ive (C) injective as well as suiject
ive + 3x - 3 - x 2 is: (B) suijective but not injective (D) neither injective no
r suijective Q. 50 The solution of the equation 2cos_1x = sin-1 (2xVl - x 2 ) (A
) [-1,0] (B) [0,1] (C)[-l,l] (D) V2' Q. 51 The period ofthe function/(x) = sin(x
+ 3 - [x+3 ]), where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function is (A) 2TI+ 3 (B
) 27t (C)l (D) 3 Q. 52 If tan-'x + ta n"1 2x + tan~'l3x = T , then C (A) x = 0 (
B) x = 1 (C)x = -1 (D)xe| Q. 53 If f(x + ay, x - ay) = axy then f(x, y) is equal
to : 2 X2 - V2 x2 + v (A) (B) (C) 4xy (D) none iz holds good is 2 Q. 54 The set
of values ofx for which the equation cos_1x + cos-1 + V3--3X v2 2 (A) [0,1] Q.55
(B) 8 9-x 2 1S
(C) 1 0 (D) {-1,0,1} The range ofthe function y : (A) ( ) 3} (B) (C) V 9y f +2 cot
X \ ,2cosec x + 5. 7T (D)(-,0)u r oo Q. 5 6 The domain of definition of the func
tion f (x) = (A) R - {mc, n e 1} ( C ) R - { n i c , ( 2 n + l ) - , n e 1} Q. 5
7 The solution set of the equation si n-1 *J\- X 2 (A) [-1, 1] - {0} (B) (0, 1]
U {-1} + 71 + , tan 2x a J l o 8 i ,3sec"x + 5y is V 2 (B) R - {(2n+ 1), n e 1} (
D)none cos_1x = cotVT -x V X , -sin 'x (C) [-1, 0) U {1} (D) [-1,1] fa B ansa! C
lasses Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometry functions [11]
Q. 58 Given the graphs of the two functions, y = f(x) & y = g(x). In the adjacen
t figu re from point A on the graph of the function y = f(x) corresponding to th
e given value ofthe independent variable (say Xq), a straight line is drawn para
llel to the X-axis to intersect the bisector of thefirstand the third quadrants
at poin t B. From the point B a straight line parallel to the Y-axis is drawn to
interse ct the graph ofthe function y - g(x) at C. Again a straight line is dra
wnfromthe point C parallel to the X-axis, to intersect the line NN' at D . If th
e straigh t line NN' is parallel to Y-axis, then the co-ordinates of the point D
are (A)fi :x0),g(f(x0)) (B)x0,g(x0) (C)x0,g(f(x0)) (D)f(x0),f(g(x0)) Q. 59 The
value of sin"1 (sin(2cor1 (V2 -1))) is (A)Q. 60 Q. 61 7t < B) 7t 4 (C) 3% (D) In
The function f: [2, Q ) - Y defined by f(x) - x2 - 4x + 5 is both one-one and o
n to if: O (A) Y = R (B) Y= [1, oo) (C) Y= [4, o o ) (D) [5, oo) If f(x) = cosec
"1 (cosecx) and cosec(cosec"1x) are equal functions then maximum range of values
o fx is (A) 71 KJ 71 7 C (B) LJ 0, (C) (-oo,-l]u[l,oo) Q.62 1-x4 (A) 5x2 Q. 63
(D)[-1,0)u[0,1) If 2 f(x2) + 3 f(l/x 2 ) = x2 - 1 (x * 0) then f(x2) is : (B) "
5x 1-x2 (C) 5x 1-x4 (D) is 2x 4 + x 2 - 3 5x2 n Sum of the roots of the equation
, arc cot x - arc cot (x + 2) = (A)V3
(B)2 {x} l + {x} (C)-2 (D)-V3 Q. 64 Range of the function f (x) : (A) [0,1) wher
e {x} denotes thefractionalpart function is (C) (B) 0. 1 -3 7t is (D) I Q. 65 Rang
e of the function sgn [ In (x2 - x + 1) ] is (A) {-1,0,1} (B) {-1,0} (C)-{1> (D)
{-1,1} Q. 66 Number of solution(s) of the equation cos 1 (1 - x) - 2cos (A) 3 (B
)2 (C)l (D)0 Q. 67 Let /(x) and g (x) be functions which take integers as argume
nts. Let / ( x + y) =/(x) + g (y) + 8 for all integer x andy. Let / ( x ) = x fo
r all negativ e integers x, and let g(8) = 17. The value of /(0) is (A) 17 (B) 9
(C) 25 (D) 17 fa B ansa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometr
y functions [11]
Q. 68 There exists a positive real number x satisfying cos(tan-1x)=x. The value

of cos -1 (A) 7t 10 v2 y is v_/ (B) 5 _ Tt 2tz 2TZ (C)y (D) 4n Q.69 The domain o
fthe function, f(x) = (x + 0.5)log5+x 4Xx2+-4x-3 is 1 (A) l - i . o o tr\ f ^ l!>
- f. c o ) (C) ^ j / 1 3 (B) [1,3] Q.70 cos (A) 23tc 20 cos 771 . 27t sin is eq
ual to 5 5 j (B) 1371 20 (C) 33TC ~20~ (D) 20 1771 Q. 71 Let/(x) be a function w
ith two properties (a) for any two real number x an d y. f(x + y) = x+/(y) and (
b) f(0) = 2. The value of/(100), is (A) 2 (B) 98 (C) 102 Q.72 (D) 100
Let/be a function such that f(3)= 1 and / (3x) = x +/(3x ~ 3) for all x. Then th
e value of /(300)is (A)5050 (B)4950 (C)5151 (D)none 1 Q. 73 I f / (x) is an inv
ertible function, and g (x) = 2/(x) + 5, then the value ofg~l (x), is (A) 2/~'(x
) - 5 (B) 2/- 1 (x) + 5 (C)\r\x) +5 (D)/-' x-5 Q. 74 If /(2x + 1) = 4x2 + 14x, t
hen the sum ofthe roots of /(x) = 0, is (A) 9/4 (B) 5 (C) - 9/4 (D)-5 Q. 75 If y
- / ( x ) is a one-one function and (5,1) is a point on its graph, wh ich one o
f the following statements is correct? (A) (1, 5) is a point on the gra ph of th
e inverse function y =/ _ 1 (x) (B)/(5) = f ( l ) (C) the graph of the i nverse
function y =/"'l(x) will be symmetric about the y-axis (D)/(/_1(5)) = l Q . 76 D
omain of definition of the function f (x); (A) (-oo,0] (C) ( - oo, -1) u [ 0, 4)
Q. 77 is x -3x-4 (B) [0, oo) (D)(-oo,l)u(l,4) 3X-4S Suppo se/ and g are both li
near functions, with/(x) = - 2x + 1 and / (g(x)) = x. The sum ofthe slope and th
e y-intercept ofg, is (A)-2 (B) - 1 (C)0 (D) 1 fa B ansa! Classes Transit Dpp on
Functions & Inverse trigonometry functions [11]
Q. 78 The range of the function/ (x) = Vx+4-3 : is x-5 (C) ( - Q , 0) ^ (0, Q ) (

D) (0, oo) O O (A) 4 / f r g vV I i (B) 0 , 1 u 6 ' 3 Q.79 I f / ( x , y) - (max
(x, y)) mm(x ' y) and g (x, y) = max(x, y) - min(x, y), the n ,g(-4,-1.75) (B)0.
5 equals (C)l V 1 - 2 sec x (A)-0.5 Q. 80 (D) 1.5 The domain and range of the fu
nction f(x) = cosec""1 / l o 3-4sx 2 are respective ly (A)R; r Tt Tt 2'2 % Tt (B)
R+;[0,r Tt Tt (D) 2nn2 ',2n7i+ -{2MC}; 2 ' 2 -{0} 2) % r (C) 2mt 2 ',2mt + - J -{2m
t}; Or 2 More than one alternatives are correct. Q.81 11 + sinx The values of x
in [-2k, 2k], for which the graph of the function y = J T : - secx and ' 1 - sin
x y = . I I - sinx + secx, coincide are 1 + sinx 37C^l , ,(3% _ (A) ( It 371 (B)
V 2 71 U Tt 3% 12'~2 (C) Tt Xs r % 37ri (D) [-271,2*]- \ ~ , ~ Q. 82
sin4(sin3) + sin"1 (sin4) + sin"1 (sin5) when simplified reduces to (A) an irrat
ional number (B) a rational number (C) an even prime (D) a negati ve integer Th
e graphs of which of the following pairs differ. (A) y , cosx -- + 2 + tan x -Jl
+ cot2x sinx y = sin2x Q. 8 3 (B) y = tanx cotx; v = sinx cosecx (C) y = | cos
x | + | sin x i ; y (D) none of these Q.84 2" If f(x) = cos -71" x + sin 2 1 |se
cx| + |cosecx| |secx cosecxj 1 2 (A) f (0) = 1 (B)f ^ V3+1 (C) f (D) f(7t) 0 faB
ansa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigonometry functions [11]
Q.85 14tcV The value of cos cos cos 2 v V 5 J /AN (A) cos ( - ^ 7 i 1 (B) sin 10J
IS : (C) cos 271 vT (D) - cos mJ K 5 Q 86 The functions which are aperiodic are
: (A) y = [x + 1 ] (B) y = sin x2 wher e [x] denotes greatest integer function Q
.87 (C) y = sin2x (D) y = sin ' x tan 1 x, tan 1 y, tan ! z are in A.P. and x, y
, z are also in A.P. (y 0, 1 , - 1 ) then (A) x, y, z are in G.P. (B) x, y, z ar
e in H.P. (C) x = y = z (D) (x-y) 2 + ( y - z ) 2 + ( z - x ) 2 = 0 (D) f(x) = c
os2x Q.88 Which of the following function(s) is/are periodic with period Tt. (A)
f(x) - | sinx | (B) f(x) = [x + Tt] (C) f(x) = cos (sinx) (where [. ] denotes t
he gr eatest integer function) Q.89 For the equation 2x = tan(2tan_1 a) + 2tan(t
an_1 a + tan"1 a3), which ofthe foll owing is invalid? (A) a2x + 2a = x (B) a2 +
2ax + 1 = 0 ( C ) a ^ 0 (D)a*-1, 1 Q.90 Which ofthe functions defined below are
one-one function(s) ? (A) f(x) = (x + 1), ( x > - l ) (B) g(x) = x+(l/x) ( x >
0 ) 2 (C) h(x) = x + 4x - 5, (x > 0) (D) f(x) = e "x, ( x > 0) Q.91 If cos_1x +
cos ' y + cos 'z = Tt, then (A) x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xyz - 1 (B) 2(sin~1x + sin_1y +
sin'z) = cos_1x + cos_1y + cos_1z (C) xy + yz + zx = x + y + z - l (D) x + X Q.9
2 ' y + -11 + f z + - 0 >6 v yJ v zJ ~ Which of the following homogeneous functi
ons are of degree zero ? (A) /n+ In x y y x (x-y) ' y(x+y) (C) 2 x +y 2 ^ (D) x sin
- y cos GR + x Q. 93 The value of tan-l
Tt f 71 xsina x - cosa tan-l is, for a e 0, ; x ^1-xcosa J sma J v 2J (A) indepen

den t of x (B) independent of a (D) none of these (B) g(x) = x 3 (C) h(x) = sin
2x , is (C) - - a Q.94 (A) f(x) = x 2 D = [-1,1 ] is the domain of the following
functions, state which of them has th e inverse. (D) k(x)= sin (TTX/2) Q.95 Whi
ch ofthe following fimction(s) have no domain? (A) f(x) = logx_ j (2 - [ x] - [x
]2) where [x] denotes the greatest integer function. (B) g(x) = cos_1(2-{ x}) wh
ere {x} denotes thefractionalpart function. (C) h(x) = In /n(cosx) (D)f(x) : sec
' ( s g n ( e - ) ) fa Bansa! Classes Transit Dpp on Functions & Inverse trigon
ometry functions [11]
[ZlJ suoijDuti/iQjdwouoSuj 3Sd3AU] 3p suoijounj uo dd(j j i s u v u j s s s s v

j j jvsuvgf^ Q.l Q.6 Q.ll Q.16 Q.21 Q.26 Q.31 Q.36 Q.41 B C A B C A D A B Q.2 Q.
7 Q.12 Q.17 Q.22 Q.27 Q.32 Q.37 Q.42 Q.47 Q.52 Q.57 Q.62 Q.67 Q.72 Q.77 Q. 82 Q.
87 Q.92 C A A C A A D B C B B C D A A C B, D A,B,C,D A,B,C Q.3 Q.8 Q.13 Q.18 A C
A C Q.4 Q.9 Q.14 Q.19 Q.24 Q.29 Q.34 Q.39 Q.44 Q.49 Q.54 Q.59 Q.64 Q.69 Q.74 Q.
79 Q. 84 Q.89 Q.94 D D C A D B C A D D B B C D D D A,B,C B,C B,D Q.5 B Q.IO D Q.
15 B Q.20 C Q.23 A Q.28 A Q.33 C Q.25 D Q.30 A Q.35 B Q.40 D Q.45 C Q.50 D Q.55
D Q.60 B Q.38 D Q.43 A Q.48 D Q.46 A Q.51 Q.56 Q.61 Q.66 Q.71 Q.76 C C A C C Q.5
3 A Q.58 Q.63 Q.68 Q.73 Q.78 C C Q.65 A Q.70 D Q.75 A Q.80 C c D B c Q.81 A,C Q.
86 AB,D Q.91 AB Q.83 A,B,C Q.88 A,C,D Q.93 A,C Q.85 B,C,D Q.90 A,C,D Q.95 A,B,C,
D
A3H V3MSNV
BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (PQRS) SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE T
rigonometry Phase-Ill CONTENTS KEY-CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III
ANSWER KEY
KEY CONCEPTS ABC, I. n. SINE FORMULA : : In any triangle (i) cosA = sinA = sinB
= sinC COSINE FORMULA b 2 + c2 - a 2 2bc or a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc. cos A (iii) cosC
: v ' 2 ~2 b2 c' + a (ii) cosB = 2ca a + b - c2 2ab m. PROJECTION FORMULA: (i)
a = b cosC + c cosB (iii) c = a cosB + b cos A ... ' B-C 2 (ii) b = c cosA + a c
osC b - c A cot b +c 2 a-b C cot a +b 2 IV. NAPIER'S ANALOGY - TANGENT RULE : (I)
tan = v ' A-B 2 (11) tan = v v. .... ' C-A 2
c-a B cot c+a 2 (m) tan = v TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS O F HALF ANGLES : 0) (ii) (iii)
(iv) VI. . A j(s-b) (s-c) . B sin = V be J 7 ; sm2 cosA (s-c) ( s - a ) ca s (s-b
) ca C cos . c sin |(s-a) (s-b) = i i s (s-a) B r ; cos be ' 2 = s (s-c) = i t a
n A T (s-b) (s-c) V s(s-a) = A 1(^1) Where S = a +b + c . & 2 . . A = arCa , ' f
tnangle Area of triangle = Js(s-a) (s-b) (s-c) . : In any triangle,
M - N RULE (m+n) cot6 = m cota - n cotp = ncotB-mcotC VII. ~ ab sinC= ^ be sin A

= ^ ca sin B = area of triangle ABC sinA sinB sinC abc 4 A 2R Note that Vin. ..
R = ; Where Ris the radius of circumcircle & A is area of triangle Radius of th
e incircle 'r' is given by : A , A+B+C (a) r = where s = (c)r = IX. (a) a sin Isin-?- 2 COS I (b) r = (s-a)tan = ( s - b ) t a n - = (s-c)tan Z Z ^ (d) r = 4Rsi
n-j sin sin ... . A . B . C A B C - & soon Radius of the Ex-circles r j , r 2 & r 3
are given by : r i = A s-a ; 12 r 1 s- b ; 3 A = A s-c (b) A B C r} = s tan ; r2
= s t a n - ; r3 = s t a n -
^Bansal Classes Trig.-t-III [2]
(C) acosl-cos5COSy - & so on (d) A B C f j = 4 R sin . cos . cos r,=4Rsin . cos . co

3 2 2 2 A JY C A B A C AT> B r, = 4 R sin . cos . cos 2 2 2 2 X. LENGTH O F ANGLE B
ISECTOR & MEDIANS : If ma and (3a are the lengths of a median and an angle bisec
tor from the angle A then, 1 I 2^0084 2 2 m. = - y2b + 2c - a and B = 2 b +c Not
e that m2 + m2 + m2 = - (a2 + b2 + c2) XL ORTHOCENTRE A N D P E D A L TRIANGLE :
The triangle KLM which is formed by joining the feet ofthe altitudes is called
t he pedal triangle. the distances of the orthocentre from the angular points of
t he A ABC are 2 R cosA, 2 R cosB and 2 R cosC the distances of P from sides ar
e 2 R cosB cosC, 2 R cosC cosA and 2 R cosA cosB the sides ofthe pedal triangle
are a cosA (= R sin 2A), b cosB (= R sin 2B) and c cosC (= R sin 2C) and its ang
les are it 2A, % 2B and TC - 2C. circumradii of the triangles PBC, PCA, PAB and
ABC are equal. EXCENTRAL TRIANGLE : xn The triangle formed by joining the three
led the excentral or excentric triangle. rthocentre ofthe excentral A Ijl 2 I 3
. the sides ofthe excentral triangle are A 2 ' 2 2 and its angles are - 2 2 7 C
B excentres I1? I2 and I3 of A ABC is cal Note that: Incentre I of A ABC is the
o A ABC is the pedal triangle of the AIM B C 4Rcos , 4Rcos and 4 R cos
2 2 and , 2 2 A B C IIj = 4 R s i n - j ; II 2 = 4 R
y . Xin. T H E DISTANCES B E T W E E N T H E S P E C
The distance between circumcentre and orthocentre is
C The distance between circumcentre and incentre is
t ween incentre and orthocentre is ^2r 2 - 4R2 cos A
sal Classes [132]
s i n y ; II 3 = 4 R s i n
I A L POINTS : (a) (b) (c)
= R. J 1 - 8 cos A cosB cos
= VR2 - 2Rr The distance be
cosB cosC Trig.-0-III faBan
XIV. Perimeter (P) and area (A) of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a c
ircle of radius r are given by 71 1 < . 271 > P = 2nr sin and A = n r sin n 2 n Pe
rimeter and area of a regular p olygon of n sides circumscribed about a given ci
rcle ofradius r is given by n . tc P = 2nrtan and A = n r tan n n In many kinds of
trignometric calculation, as in the solution oftriangles, we often require the l
ogarithms of trignometrical rati os. To avoid the trouble and inconvenience ofpr
inting the proper sign to the log arithms ofthe trignometric functions, the loga
rithms as tabulated are not the tr ue logarithms, but the true logarithms increa
sed by 10. The symbol L is used to denote these "tabular logarithms". Thus: L si
n 15 25' = 10 + log10 sin 15 25' and L tan 48 23'= 10 + log 10 tan48 23' , XV. EXERC
ISE-I Q. 1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 With usual notation, if in a A ABC, ^ = ^ = ; then prove
that, 11 12 13 7 = ^ = . 19 25 For any triangle ABC , if B = 3 C, show that cosC
= J ^ t l & sin^ = -. y 4c 2 2 c v3 Tt In a triangle ABC, BDisamedian. If /(BD)
= -/(AB) and Z DBC = ~ . Determin e the ZABC. ABCD is a trapezium such that AB,DC
are parallel & BC is perpendicular to them. If angle ADB = 9 , BC = p & CD = q,
show that AB = + q2) sin9 pcosB + qsinG . Prove that there Q.5 Q.6 Let 1 < m <
3 . In a triangle ABC, if 2b = (m+1) a & cos A= | are two values to the third si
de, one of which is m times the other. If sides a, b, c of the trian gle ABC are
in A.P, then prove that sin2 cosec2A; 2 sin2 cosec2B ; sin2 cosec2C areinH.P. 2
2 Q. 7 Q.8 Q.9 Q.10 Find the angles of a triangle in which the altitude and a m
edian drawnfromthe sa me vertex divide the angle at that vertex into 3 equal par
ts. A B C Inatriangle ABC, if tan, tan , tan areinAP. Showthat cos A, cosB, cosC ar
e in AP. Show that in any triangle ABC; a 3 cosBcosC + b 3 cosC. cosA+c 3 cosAco
sB = a b c ( l - 2 cos A cos B cos C). 3R A point'0'is situated on a circle ofra
dius Rand with centre O, another circle of radius isdescribed. Inside the cresce
nt shaped area interce pted between these circles, a circle ofradius R/8 is plac
ed. If the same circle moves in contact with the original circle of radius R, th
enfindthe length ofthe arc described by its centre in moving from one extreme po
sition to the other.
Q.ll ABC is a triangle. D is the middle point of BC. If AD is perpendicular to A

C, th en prove that cos A. cos C : 3 ac cos A + 2cosC cosA + 2cosB Q. 12 Ifin a
triangle ABC, = sinB sinC , prove that the triangle ABC is either isosceles cr r
ight angled. faBansal Classes Trig.-0-III [4]
Q.13
In a A ABC, (i) = (ii) 2 sinAcosB = sinC v cosA cosB A A C (iii) tan2 + 2 tan tan
- 1 = 0, prove that (i) => (ii) => (iii) (i). Ai jL JL Sides a, b, c of the tria
ngle ABC are in H.P., then prove that cosec A (cosec A + cot A); cosec B (cosec
B +cot B) & cosec C (cosec C + cot C) are in A.P. In a triangle the angles A, B
, C are in AP. Show that 2 cos A C a+c ac + c2 Q.14 Q.15 Q. 16 If pj, p2, p3 are
the altitudes of a triangle from the vertices A, B, C & A denotes the area of th
e triangle, prove that + p, , . l l p2 l p3 2 = -- cos" . 2ab c (a + b + c) A 2 Q.17
Let ABCD is a rhombus. The radii of circumcircle of AABD and AABC are Rj an d Rj
respectively then show that the area of rhombus is TTz D 2 x2 . (Kj + K 2 ; Q.1
8 In a AABC, GA, GB, GC makes angles ot, P, y with each other where G is the cen
troid ot the AABC then Show that, cot A + cot B + cot C + cot a + cot p + co t y
= 0. A +B Q.19 If atanA+btanB = (a+b)tan- , prove that triangle ABC is isosceles.
Q.20 Q.21 The two adjacent sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 2 & 5 and the an
gle between them is 60. If the area of the quadrilateral is 4 fi, find the remain
ing two sid es. The triangleABC (with side lengths a, b, c as usual) satisfies l
og a2 = log b2 + log c2 - log (2bc cosA). What can you say about this triangle?
DE " c 2 Q.22 Ifthe bisector of angle C oftriangle ABC meets AB in D & the circu
mcircle in E prove that, CE _ (a+b) 2 Q.23 In a triangleABC, the median to the s
ide BC is of length , 1 & it divides the an gle A into y n - 6V3 angles of 30 & 4
5. Find the length ofthe side BC. Given the s ides a, b, c of a triangle ABC in a
G.P. (a, b, c * 1) . Then prove that; x = rb2_c2) X tanB + tanC Q.24 tanB - tan
C ' v = Y ( c 2 . a * tanC + tanA (C 4 > tan'C - tanA . '
Z (a b) tanA + tanB tanA-tanB are also in G.P. Further, if a2 = logxe ; b j = l

o ^ e & Cj=log z e are the sid es of the triangle A B C Aj Bj Cj, then prove tha
t : sin2-^- , sin2 - - , sin2-^ - are in H.P. Q.25 With reference to a given cir
cle, Aj and B, are the areas of the inscribed and circumscribed regular polygons
of n sides, A^ and B2 are corre sponding quantities for regular polygons of 2n
sides. Prove that (1) A2 is a geo metric mean between Aj and B j (2) B2 is a har
monic mean between A^ and B j. EXERCISE-II Q.l ^ A Q.4 I + +i = i n r2 r3 r b-c r
. Q.2 rj + r2 + r3 - r = 4R =0 c Q.5 ~ Q . 3 ^ r +^ ^ A -3 (s-b)(s-c) (s-c)(s-a)
(s-a)(s-b) r r3 + c-a r + a-b r r i~r + . a r 2 ~ r o _ c - 7 Q.6 abc s
cos cos cos = A A 2 B 2 C' 2 faBansal Classes T rig .-(f> - III [5]
Q.7 Q.8 a cosB cosC +b cosC cosA+ c cos AcosB = R (ri+r2)tan| =(r3-r)cot|=c Q.9
Q.ll A-B a cot A+ b cotB + c cotC = 2 (R+r) (r 1 -r)(r 2 -r)(r 3 -r) = 4 R ^ Q.1
0 4R sin A sinB sinC = a cos A + b cosB + c cosC B-C , , , . C-A , , , . Q.12 (r
+ fj) t a n + (r + r2) t a n - + (r + r3) t a n = 0 L Q.13 _ _L _L J_ 2 + v a2
+. b 2 ,c2 + 2 + 2 + 2 Q. 14 (r3+ fj) (r3+ r2) sin C = 2 r3 Jr2r3 + r ^ + r ^ Q.1
6 T , be | r A r 2 r 3 Q. 15 Q.17 Q. 19 1 be +
1 ca + 1 1 = ab 2Rr I; ca | r3 _ 1 ab r 2R 1 Vr i V vr + 1 v Vr + r 3/ 4R r2 s2
Q.18 bc - r2 r3 _ ca - r3 rt _ a b - rt r2 r 1 1 1 1 T j + r r2 r3; 4I I 1 1 + + r
vr, i % r3; Q.20 In acute angled triangle ABC, a semicircle with radius ra is c
onstructed wi th its base onBC and tangent to the other two sides. rb and rc are
defined simil arly. Ifr is the radius ofthe incircle of triangle ABC then 2 1 1
1 prove that,
= + + r ra r, rc b Q.21 If I be the in-centre ofthe triangle ABC and x, y, z be

the circum radii ofthe triangles IBC, ICA& IAB, showthat 4 R 3 - R ( x 2 + y2 +
z 2 )-xyz = 0. Q.22 IfAq denotes the area of the triangle formed by joining the
points of conta ct ofthe inscribed circle ofthe triangle ABC and the sides of th
e triangle; Aj, Aj and A3 are the corresponding areas for the triangles thus for
med with the esc ribed circles of A ABC. Prove that A1 + A^ + A3 = 2A + Aq where
A is the area of the triangle ABC. Q.23 Consider a A DEF, the pedal triangle of
the A ABC such th at A-F-B and B-D-C are collinear. If H is the incentre of A DE
F and Rj, R^ R3 ar e the circumradii of the quadrilaterals AFHE; BDHF and CEHD r
espectively, then p rove that I R p R + r where R is the circumradius and r is t
he inradius of A ABC . Q.24 Prove that in a triangle, 8 r R(cos2 + cos2 + cos2) = 2
bc + 2ca + 2ab - a2 b2 - c2. Q.25 Prove that in a triangle + + = 2R Q.26 b aJ vc
by va c. A B C The triangle ABC is a right angled triangle, right angle at A. T
he ratio of the radius of the circle circumscribed to the radius of the circle e
scribed to the h ypotenuse is, -Jl: (S+-Ii). Find the acute angles B & C. Also f
ind the ratio oft he two sides ofthe triangle other than the hypotenuse. Q.27 Le
t the points PJ, P2, , PN_1 divide the side BC of the triangle ABC into n parts.
Let ij, i^ i3, in be the radii of the inscribed circle ; el5 e2, e3, , e n beth
e radii of the escribed circles corresponding to the vertex A for the tri angles
A B P J , A P j P 2 , A P 2 P 3 , , A P N _ 1 C respectively, then show t hat r
+ r, = - , where R t , I^, , Rn are the radii ofthe circumcircle (i) n i L = &
( i i ) t h R R, of triangles ABP j, AP j P2, , AP n _jC &R is the circumra dius
, r is the inradius & r t is the exradius as usual of A ABC. Trig.-0-III faB ans
al Classes [6]
Q.28 In a plane of the given triangleABC with sides a, b, c the points A', B', C
' are taken so that the A A'BC, A AB'C and A ABC' are equilateral triangles wit
h their circum radii Ra, Rb, Rc ; in-radii ra, rb, rc & ex-radii r a ', r b ' &
r c' respectively. Prove that ; (ii) r,r 2 r 3 = ( 3R * + 6 r * + 2 r *')] U t m
A 648 V 3 2 Q.29 In a scalene triangle ABC the altitudes AD & CF are dropped fr
om the vertices A& C to the sides BC & AB. The area of A ABC is known to be equa
l to 18, the area of triangle BDF is equal to 2 and length of segment DF is equa
l to 2V2 Find the radius of the circle circumscribed. Q.30 Consider a triangleAB
C with Aj, Bj, Cj, as the centres ofthe excirlces opposite to the verticles A B,
C respectively. Ar.(AA1BC) + Ar.(AAB1C)+Ar.(AABC1)_ 1 Showthat S(R?+R 2 +R 2 )
~ 2R (i) n r a : IT R : IT r ' = 1: 8 :27 & Where R, Rj, R^, R3 are the circum r
ad ii of AABC, AAjBC, AABjC and AABCj respectively and S is the semiperimeter of
AA BC. EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 In a AABC, Z C = 60 & z A= 75. If D is a poin
t on AC such that the area of the A BAD is S times the area of the A BCD, find t
he Z ABD. [REE'96,6] In a A ABC, a : b : c = 4:5:6. The ratio of the radius of t
he circumcircle to th at ofthe incircle is . [JEE '96,1] If in a A ABC, a = 6, b
= 3 and cos(A- B) = 4 /5 thenfindits area. If in a triangle PQR, sin P, sin Q,
sin R are in A.P., then (A) the altitudes are in A.P. (B) the altitudes are in H
.P. (C) the medians are in G.P. (D) the medians are in A.P. [REE'97,6] [JEE '98,
2] Q. 5 Q. 6 Two sides of a triangle are of lengths ^6 and 4 and the angle oppos
ite to smalle r side is 3 0. How many such triangles are possible ? Find the leng
th of their th ird side and area. [REE '98,6] Let ABC be a triangle having 'O' a
nd T as its cir cumcentre and incentre respectively. If R and r are the circumra
dius and the inr adius respectively, then prove that, (IO)2 = R2 - 2 Rr. Further
show that the tr iangle BIO is a right triangle if and only ifb is the arithmet
ic mean of a and c . [JEE'99,10 (out of200)] Q.7 The radii r } , r2 , r3 of escr
ibed circles of a triangle ABC are in harmonic pr ogression. If its area is 24 s
q. cm and its perimeter is 24 cm,findthe lengths o f its sides. [REE '99,6] n Q.
8(a) In a triangleABC, Let Z C = . If 'r* is the inr adius and ' R' is the circum
radius of the triangle, then 2 (r + R) is equal to : (A) a + b (b) Q.9 (B) b + c
(C) c + a (D) a + b + c (D) c2 - a2 - b2 [JEE '2000 (Screening) 1 + 1] In a a2
+ b2 - c2 (A) triangleABC, 2 ac sinc2 +(a2 - B2+ C) = (C) b2 - c2 - a2 ( B) ~ A
- b LetABC be a triangle with incentre T and inradius 'r'.Let D,E,F be the feet
ofth e perpendiculars from I to the sides BC, CA & AB respectively. If rj, r2 &
r3 ar e the radii of circles inscribed in the quadrilaterals AFIE, BDIF & CEID r
espect ively, prove that + + = 7 , J1 r2 \ , t . ( r - r,) ( r - r 2 ) (r - r3) Tr
ig.-0-III [JEE '2000,7] faBansal Classes [7]
Q. 10 If A is the area of a triangle with side lengths a, b, c, then show that :

A < ^(a + b + c)abc Also show that equality occurs in the above inequality if a
nd only if a = b = c. [JEE' 2001 ] Q. 11 Which of the following pieces of data
d oes NOT uniquely determine an acute-angled triangle ABC (R being the radius of
t he circumcircle)? (A) a, sinA, sinB (B)a,b, c (C)a, sinB,R (D)a,sinA,R [ JEE'
20 02 (Scr), 3 ] Q. 12 If I n is the area of n sided regular polygon inscribed
in a circle of unit radius and On be the area of the polygon circumscribing the
give n circle, prove that On 1 + , 1v J [JEE 2003, Mains, 4 out of 60] Q. 13 The
ratio ofthe sides of a triangle ABC is 1: ^3 :2. The ratio A: B : C is (D) 1 :2
: 3 [JEE 2004 (Screening)] Q. 14 In AABC, a, b, c are the lengths of i ts sides
and A, B, C are the angles of triangle ABC. The correct relation is f\ \ B-C BC^j = asm = a cos (B) (b-c)cos (A) (b-c)sin 2 V^J V 2 , (A) 3 : 5 : 2 (B ) 1 : :
2 (C) 3 : 2 : 1 J J (C) (b + c) sin B + C> 2 = a cos fA> U ; (D) (b-c)cos = 2a s
in ' B + C^ v 2 y [JEE 2005 (Screening)] ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q.3 120 Q.7 TT/6,
tc/3, n/2 Q.10 7tiR 12 Q20. 3 cms & 2 cms Q 23. a = 2 EXERCISE-II Q.26B=f c Q.29
- units 2 EXERCISE-III Q.l angleABD = 30 Q.2 Q.3 9 sq. unit Q.4 B Q.7 6, 8, 10 c
ms Q.5 2, (2V3-V2) , (2V3+V2) , (2V3-V2) & (2V3+V2) sq. units Q.8 (a) A, (b) B Q
.ll D
Q.13 D Q.14 D o faBansal Classes Trig.-^-III 15]
ft BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (P, Q, R, S) TRIGONOMETRIC

EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS Trigonometry Phase-H CONTENTS KEYCONCEPTS EXERCISE-I E
XERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY
KEY THINGS TO REMEMBER : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CONCEPTS If sinG = sina => G = n7t

+ (~l) n a where a e it n ,ne I . 2'2 If cos0 = cosa => 9 = 2n% a where a e [0,
Tt], n e I If tanG = tana => G = nTt + a where a e - , n e I . I 2'2J If sin2G =
sin 2 a=> G = nTt a . cos2G = cos 2 a => G = nTt a . tan2G = tan 2 a => 9 = nTt
a . [Note: a is called the principal angle] TYPES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS :
(a) (b) (c) (d) Solutions of equations by factorising. Consider the equation ; (
2 sinx - cos x) (1 + cosx) = sin2x ; cotx - cosx = 1 - cotx cosx Solutions of eq
uations reduc ible to quadratic equations . Consider the equation : 3 cos 2 x- 1
0 cosx+ 3 = 0 and 2 shfo + -Js sinx + 1 = 0 Solving equations by introducing an
Auxilliary arg ument. Consider the equation : sinx + cosx = ^[2 ; V3 cosx + sinx
= 2 ; secx- 1 =(V2 - l)tanx Solving equations by Transforming a sum of Trigonom
etric functions into a product. Consider the example : cos 3 x + sin 2 x - sin 4
x = 0 ; sin2x + sin22x + sin23x + sin24x = 2; sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x Solv
ing equations b y transforming a product of trigonometric functions into a sum.
Consider the equ ation : sin 6x . . . sin5x. cos3x= sin6x.cos2x ; 8cosxcos2xcos4
x = : : sin3G = 4s inG sin2G sin4G sin x Solving equations by a change of variabl
e : (i) Equations of the form of a. sinx + b. cosx + d = 0, where a, b & d are r
eal numbers & a, b ^ 0 can be solved by changing sinx& cos x into their correspo
nding tangent of h alf the angle. Consider the equation 3 cosx + 4 sinx = 5. (ii
) Many equations ca n be solved by introducing a new variable. eg. the equation
sin4 2x + cos4 2x = sin 2x. cos 2x changes to 2(y+l) (g) =0 by substituting, sin
2x. cos2x = y. (e) (f) Solving equations with the use of the Boundness of the fu
nctions sinx& cosx or b y making two perfect squares. Consider the equations: \
/ \ 1+sin-2cosx .cosx = 0 ; 4 4 11 "7= sin2x + 2tan2x + ~~r= tanx - sinx + = 0 V3
12 TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES: There is no general rule to solve a Trigonometric
in equations and the same rules of algebra are valid except the domain and rang
e of trigonometric functions should be kept in mind. sinx | cos - 2sinx + 4 Consi
der the examples: log2 sin < - t1 : sin x cos x + 2 V < xV f O < 0 ; V5-2sin2x >
6 s i n x - l [2] faBansal Classes Trig.-II
EXERCISE-I Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q.5 Q 6. Q 7. Solve : 2 + 7 tan2 0 = 3.25 sec2 6

(0 < 6 < 360) . Solve : tanQ + secQ = S for values of 9 between 0 & 360. Find all th
e values of 0 satisfying the equation ; sin9 + sin59 = sin3 9 such th at0< 9 < T
. C Solve the inequality: tan2 x - (V3 + l)tan x + V3 < 0 cos2x + cos 2 2x + co
s2 3x= 1. Find all value of 9, between 0 & it, which satisfy the equati on ; cos
9 . cos2 9 . cos 3 9 = 1/4. Find the general solution of the trigonomet ric equ
ation ^/l6cos 4 x-8cos 2 x + l + ^/l6cos 4 x-24cos 2 x + 9 = 2. Q 8. Q 9. Solve f
or x , the equation j 13 - 18tanx = 6 tan x - 3 , where -2it<x<2it . If a & p ar
e two distinct roots of the equation, a tan 9 + b sec 9 = c then prov e that : t
an(a + P ) = - ^ a - c T . Q 10. Find the principal solution of the trigonometri
c equation ' Jcot3x + sin2 x- + J J 3 cosx + s i n x - 2 = sin - v V 4 2 2 Q l l
. Determine the smallest positive value of x which satisfy the equation, v 1 + S
in2x - V2 cos3x = 0 . Q 12. 2 sin |^3x + ^J = + 8 sin2x . cos2 2x Q 13. Given th
at A,B are positive acute angle, solve : Js sin2A= sin2B & S sin2A + sin2B = 2 Q
14. Solve : sin5x = cos2x for all values of x between 0& 180 . Q 15. Find all va
lues of 9 between 0& 180 satisfying the equation ; cos 69 + cos 49 + cos 29 + 1 =
0 . Q 16. If a & P satisfy the equation, acos29 + bsin29 = c then prove that : c
os2 a + cos2 P = d - + 2 dt ' i ^ b . & 4 b " Q 17. Find all values of 9 lying
b etween 0&2TC satisfying the equations : r sin9 = & r + 4 sin9 = 2 ( S +1). <!%
Bansal Classes Trig.-4-II [3]
Q 18. Find the value of 9 , which satisfy 3 - 2 c o s 6 - 4 sin 6 - c o s 26 + s

in2 6 = 0. Q 19. Solve the inequality: sin3x < sinx. Q 20. Solve for x, ( - T <
x < T ) the equation; 2 (cosx + cos2x) + sin2x (1 + 2 cos x) - 2 sin x. C C Q 21
. Find the range of y such that the equation, y + cos x = sin x has a real solut
i on. For y = 1, find x such that 0 < x < 2 T . C Q22. Find the general values o
f8 for which the quadratic function ' cos6 + sin8 . (sin6)x2 + (2cos0)x + is the
s quare of a linear function. Q 23. If sin A= sinB & cosA= cosB, find the value
s o f A in terms of B. Q 24. Solve the equation : (1 - tanG) (1 + sin26) = 1 + t
anG. Q25. Find the general solution of sec48-sec28 = 2. EXERCISE-II Q 1, Q 2. Q3
. Q4, V3 Solve the equation sinx - c o s x = cos2x. cos3x. cos3x + s in3x. sin3x
= 0. Find all the solutions of, 4cos 2 x sinx-2sin 2 x = 3 sinx. If a & p are t
he roots ofthe equation, a cos 6 + bsin8 = c then prove that : (i) (1 ) 1 w 1 Q
5. Q 6. sina + sin P = 2b c a +b a+c c2 a2 a2+b2 +a (ii) (iv) sin a . sin P = '
tan + tan - = 2 2 w tan . t a n - = 2 2 c Find the least positive angle measured
in degrees satisfying the equation sin3x + sin32x + sin33x = (sinx + sin2x + sin
3x)3. Find the general solution of the fo llowing equation: 2 (sinx - cos 2x) sin 2x (1 + 2 sinx) + 2 cos x = 0. Solve t he inequality sin2x > 42 sin2x + (2 V2 ) cos2x. Find the values of x, between 0 & s a t i s f y i n g the equation;
cos3x + cos2x= sin- +skiT-. 2 2 Q 7. Q 8. 3x x Q 9. Solve for x : sin3a = 4 sin
a sin (x + a ) s i n ( x - a ) where a is a constant * nu. Q 10. Solve : cos ( C
. 3*) - 2 cos2 ( C . 3X) + 2 cos (4 T . 3X) - cos (7 T . 3 X) T T C C = sin(7t.
3*) + 2 sin2(TC . 3X) - 2 sin(4TC. 3*) + 2 sin(Tt. 3* +! ) - sin(7TC. 3X) faBan
sal Classes Trig.-(f>-II [4]
Q 11. Find the set of values of'a' for which the equation, sin 4 x+cos 4 x + sin
2:x + a = 0 possesses solutions. Alsofindthe general solution for these values
o f 'a'. Q 12. Solve : tan2 2x + cot2 2x + 2 tan 2x + 2 cot 2x = 6. Q 13. Solve
th e equation : 1 +2cosecx= 3 Q 14. sin4x + cos 4 x-2sin 2 x + - sin22x = 0. Q 1
5. Solve : tan2 x . tan2 3x . tan 4x = tan2 x - tan2 3x + tan Ax. Q 16. Solve :
sin 10* + cos10* = cos4 2x. 16 29 Q 17. Find the set of values of x satisfying t
he equality sin f I X m\ 4J 3 -cos fX + ^ 4J 1 and the inequality 2cos7x cos3+si
n3 > z eos2x Q 18. Find the sum of all the roots of the equation, sin Vx = - 1 ,
which are le ss than 100 n 2 . Also Find the sum of the square roots of these r
oots. Now, can we conclude that all the roots cos Vx = 0 are also the roots of s
inVx = - 1 ? J ustify your answer. Q 19. Solve : sin ' V R V / + COS v2j = V2 si
nVx. . , 1 1 n, . 2x +1 . 2x +1 , 2x +1 Q 20. Find the general solution of the e
quati on, sin- + sin;: - 3 cos7 3x = 0. 3x Q 21. Let S be the set of all those soluti
ons of the equation, (1 + k)cos x cos (2x - a) = (1 + k cos 2x) cos(x - a) which
are i ndependent of k & a. Let H be the set of all such solutions which are dep
endent on k & a. Find the condition on k & a such that H is a nonempty set, stat
e S. If a subset of H is (0, tz) in which k = 0, then find all the permissible v
alues o f a. Q 22. Solve the equation ; sin5x= 16 sin5x. xcos3y + 3xcosy sin2y =
14 Q23. Solve for x & y , . , 2 - 1 , xsin3 y + 3xcos y siny = 13 Q 24. Solve t
he equat ion : c o t x - 2 sin2x= 1. Q 25. Find all values of'a' for which every
root of the equation, acos2x+ | a | cos4x + cos6x= 1 is also a root of the equa
tion, sin x cos2x = sin2x cos3x a root of the first equation. sin5x, and convers
ely, every root of the second equation is also
Bansal Classes Trig.-j-II [5]
EXERCISE-III Q. 1 Find all values of 8 in the interval f - - | , sec2 8 + 2tenS

6 = 0. Q.2 The number of values of x sfying the equation 3 sin2x - 7 sinx + 2 =
0 is (A) e general values ofx and y satisfying the equations ny satisfying the e
quation ; [JEE'96,2] [JEE'98'2] [REE '98,6] Q. 3 Q.4
(1 - t a n 8 ) ( l + tan 8) in the interval [0, 5K] sati 0 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 10 Fi
nd th 5 sinx cosy = 1, 4 tanx = ta
Find real values of x for which, 27 cos2x . 8 l sin2x is minimum. Alsofindthis m
inimum value. [REE 2000,3] Solve the following system of equations for x and y
[ REE'2001(mains), 3] 2 2 5 (cosec x-3sec y) _ 2 (2cosecx + V3jsecyj) _ 6 4 The
nu mber of integral values of k for which the equation 7cosx + 5sinx = 2k + 1 ha
s a solution is (A) 4 (B) 8 (C)10 (D) 12 [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3] Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 .
cos(a-{3) = 1 and cos(a + (B) = 1/e, where a, (3 e [-11,11], numbers of pa irs
of a, P which satisfy both the equations is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)4 [JEE 2005 (Sc
reening)] faBansal Classes Trig.-j-II
ANSWERKEY EXERCISE-I Q 1. 30,150,210,330 - - 7 7

. n7i + < x < n 7 i + ; n s l 4 3 Q 5. x = (2n +
nn -. , n e l y 71 7 37t 5n 2% 1% . T i W T ' T T
1 7 C Q 7. x e n7t+ , n7t + 6 3 Q 8. a - 2 7t ; a
~ C Q 10. x = TC/6 only Q 12. x = 2n7t + or 2n7t 12
271 57t 1 1 D Q 2. 0 = 30 7t T C 0 4
l ) ^ ; x = (2n + l ) - | ,x =
271 57t n7i + , n7t + n e l 3 6 7
- 7t, A, a + T , where tan a =
12 15QO
Q l l . x = 7t/16 ;nel Q 13. A= 15,B = 30 Q 15. 30,45,90,135,150 Q 18. 0 = 2n7t or 2 n

7 t + - ; n e l u 571 2n7r + 7t,2n7T + ;ne I 90 450 810 7 7 7 _ jc it 2 it 5 % Q 1
7 -6'7'T'T Q 14. , 3 0 , 1170 z' _ f 71 371 \ Q 19. x e 2n7t+,2n7t + u 2tm , 2n7i 4
V 4 4 Q21. -V2 y<V2 ; ~,7t Q 23. A=2n7t + B _ _ 2n7l 7 1 _ 7t Q25. 0 = or 2n7t n e l 71 Q 22. 2n7t+- or (2n+l)7t - tan-*2, ns I Q 24. n7t or nit EXER CISE-II Q
1. x = 2n7t7t or2n7t + - n e l 3 Q 3. nn ; tin + (-l) n ^ or rnt + (-l) n (-) Q 5
. 72c Q6. x = 2n7t or x = n7t + (-l) n 7t % 0 7. n7t+ <x<n7t+ v 8 4 V or x = n7t
+ (-l) n ^ 7 5x 71 13 t 9it "T > 7 > 7 7 Z > > 7 Trig.-<f>- II Q 9. nic it feBans
al Classes m
Q Q r ^ T
10. x = l o g 3 ( f 4 j , k e N ; x = log 3 (j) , n e N ; x = l o g 3 Q + | j 11
. j [nir + (-l) n sin"1 (l - V2a+I) where n e l and a e Q 12. x = + (~l) n o + (
-l) n+1 -8 4 Q 14. n7c \ cos"1 (2 - V5) n7t k T Q 16. x= + , n e I 4 8 C N%
,meNu{0} 3 1 2 ' 2 Q 13. x = 2n7t Q 15. <2n + * n , kn , where n, k e I > 4 3tc
Q 17. x = 2mt + , n e l Q 18. 765 4 2 . All the roots of cos Vx = 0 are not the
same as those of sinVx = -1 where m, n W. where n e l 4m7i 71V 7t\ 2 +Q 19. x | 4n7t + or x = ^ 3 2 Q 20. x = 6nn + 3.7c - 4 or 3n7t + 3(-l) n sin-1 J - 2 Q 2
1. (i) | k sin a | < 1 (ii) S = n 71, n e I (iii) a e ( - m7i , 2 7t - m 7i) m e
I 6 Q 22. x = nTt or x = nn Q 23. x = 5^5 & y = nn + tan-1 | Q24. x = | + or X
= ^ + KTC Kel Q 25. a = 0 or a < - 1 EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.3 Q.2 C f n m n m i \ y
= (n-m) + (-l) -(-l) ;x = (m+n)-+ ( - l ) - + ( - l ) - wherea = sin"V -V , m, ne
l 2 4 2 2 4 2 Q.4 Min. value = 3 ~5 for x=(4n+1)^ - ^tan 1 ^-,neI;max.value=3 5
forx=(4n-l)^ ^tan ^ n e l ] Q.5 Q.7 % 71 x = mr + (-1 )n and y = mrc + where m &
n are integ ers. Q.6B 6 6
D feBansal Classes Trig.-<f>- II m
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) COMPLEX NUMBERS CONTEN
TS KEY- CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER-KEY
KEY 1. DEFINITION: CONCEPTS Complex numbers are defmited as expressions of the f

orm a + ib where a, b e R & i = /+L. It is denoted by z i.e. z = a + ib. 'a' is
called as real part of z (Re z) and 'b' is called as imaginary part of z (Im z).
EVERY COMPLEX NUMBER CAN B E REGARDED A S Purely real if b = 0 Purely imaginary
if a = 0 Imaginary ifb*0 Note : (a) The set R of real numbers is a proper subse
t ofthe Complex Numbers. H ence the Complete Number system is N c W c I c Q c R
c C. (b) (c) (d) 2. Zero is both purely real as well as purely imaginary but not
imaginary. i= ^/-l is call ed the imaginary unit. Also i2 = - l ; i3 = - i ; i
4 = l etc. Va Vb = ^rab only if atleast one of either a or b is non-negative. CO
NJUGATE COMPLEX: If z = a + ib then its conjugate complex is obtained by chang i
ng the sign of its imaginary part & is denoted by z . i.e. z = a - ib. Note tha
t : (i) z + z = 2Re(z) (ii) z - z = 2ilm(z) (iii) z z = a 2 + b2 which is real (
iv) If z lies in the 1st quadrant then z lies in the 4th quadrant and - z lies
i n the 2nd quadrant. 3. ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS : The algebraic operations on comp
le x numbers are similiar to those on real numbers treating i as a polynomial. I
neq ualities in complex numbers are not defined. There is no validity if we say
that complex number is positive or negative, e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i are me
anin gless . However in real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b but in comple
x num bers, Z;2 + z22 = 0 does not imply z, = z2 = 0. EQUALITY IN COMPLEX NUMBER
: Two complex numbers â, + ib, &. z7 = a 2 +ib 2 are equal if and only if their
real & imaginary pails coincide. REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER IN VARIOUS
FORMS : Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation): Every complex number z = x +
i y ca n be represented by a point on the cartesian plane known as complex plane
(Argan d diagram ) by the ordered pair(x,y). length OP is called modulus ofthe
complex number denoted by | z | & 9 is called the argument or amplitude. eg. | z
| = Vx^ Ty5" & 9 = tan t' ? (angle made by OP with positive x-axis) 4. 5. (a) f
aBansal Classes Complex Numbers [2]
NOTE (i) (ii) z is always non negative. Unlike real numbers z [ J & z -z if z >
0 if z<0 is not correct Argument of a complex number is a many valued function.
If 9 is the argument of a complex number then 2 rnt + 9 ; n e l will also be the
argument of that comple x number. Any two arguments of a complex number differ
by 2nn. The unique value of 9 such that - n < 9 < n is called the principal valu
e of the argument. Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the
argument. By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined comp
letely. For the complex n umber 0 + 0 i the argument is not defined and this is
the only complex number wh ich is given by its modulus. There exists a one-one c
orrespondence between the p oints of the plane and the members of the set of com
plex numbers. Trignometric / Polar Representation : z = r (cos 9 + i sin 9) wher
e | z | = r ; a r g z = 9 ; Note: cos 9 + i sin 9 is also written as CiS 9. Also
cos x = e +e ix . -ix (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (b) z = r (cos 9 - i sin 9) . e & sin
x = ,Jx -e -ix are known as Euler's identities. 10 (c) 6. (a) Exponential Repres
entation: z = re,ie .. J z | = r ; arg z = 9 ; z = re IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF CO
NJUGATE/MODULI/AMPLITUDE : If z , Zj, z2 e C then ; z+ z=2Re(z) z ; z-z=2ilm(z)
Z Z z ; (z) = z h Z \ 2j \z , Z2*0, r \ ; z x +z 2 = z,+ z 2 ; i ~z2 z i ~ Z2
' 12 i z2 = zr- ; | - z I; zz = |z |zn| = |z|n ; (b) | z | > 0 ; | z | > Re (z)

; | z | > Im (z); | z, z2! Zj |. I z2 z1 + z 2 | 2 + ! z 1 - z 2 p = 2 [ j z i |
2 + | z 2 | 2 ] z, (c) (i) (ii) (iii) z J < I z, + z J < z, ! + z. amp (Zj. z2)
= amp Zj + amp z2 + 2 krc. amp [TRIANGLE INEQUALITY] kel : O amp z, - amp z2 +
2 kn ; k e l VZ; amp(zn) = n amp(z) + 2k7t. where proper v alue of k must be cho
sen so that RHS lies in ( u, tc ]. (7) VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX: Ev
ery complex number can be considered as if it is the position vector of that poi
nt. If the point P represents the compl ex number z then, OP = z & | OP | = | z
|. <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [3]
NOTE : (i) (ii) If OP = z = re i e then OQ = z1 = re i < 9+ = z.e i ( Uf OP and

OQ are of unequal magnitude then QQ = OP e^ If A, B, C & D are four points repre
senting the complex numbers z p z 2 ,z 3 & z4 then AB I I CD if Z is purely rea
l; AB_LCD if (iii) 8. 4~ Z 3 is purely imaginary ] 2 Z1 If Zp z2, z3 are the ver
tices of an equilatera l triangle where zQ is its circumcentre then (a) z] + z 2
+ z 2 - z l z 2 - z 2 z 3 - z 3 z ] = 0 (b) z 2 + z 2 + z 2 = 3 z 2 DEMOIVRE'S
THEOREM: Statement: cos n9 + i sin n 9 is the value or one of the val ues of (co
s 9 + i sin 9)n n e Q. The theorem is very useful in determining the r oots of a
ny complex quantity Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity
should be determined using theory of equations. CUBE ROOT OF UNITY: The cube roo
ts of unity are - l + iV3 2 -l-iV3 2 9. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 10. If w is one
of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 + w + w2 0. In general 1 +w r + w 2
r =0 ; where r I but is not the multiple of 3. In polar form the cub e roots of
unity are : 271 In 471 471 cos 0 +1 sin 0 ; cos +1 sin, cos + i sin 3 3 3 3 The thre
e cube roots ofunity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties ofa
n equilateral triangle. The following factorisation should be remembe red: (a, b
, c g R & co is the cube root of unity) 3 3 a - b = (a - b) (a - cob) (a - co2b)
; x2 + x + 1 = (x - co) (x - co2) ; a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + cob) (a + co2b) ; a3
+ b3 + c3 - 3abc = (a + b + c) (a + cob + co2c) (a + co2b + coc) nth ROOTS OF U
NITY: If 1 , ctj, a 2 , a 3 a n _ j are the n, nth root of unity then : (i) They
are in G.P. with common ratio el(2lt/n) & l p + af + a + ....+a_, = 0 i f p is no
t an integral multiple of n = n if p is an integral multiple of n (iii) (l-a,)(l
-a2) (l-an_,) = n & (1 + a,) (1 + a 2 ) (1 + a n _,) = 0 if n is even a nd 1 if
n is odd. a = (iv) 1 . ocj. a 2 . a 3 1 or - 1 according as n is odd or even. n1 THE SUM OF THE FOLLOWING SERIES SHOULD BE REMEMBERED : sin(nQ/2) n+1 c os 9 +
cos 2 9 + cos 39 + + cos n 9 = 9. sin (9/2) cos (ii) sin in(n8/2) n+1 sin 9. sin
(9/2) Note : If 9 = (2rc/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes. si n 9 +
sin 2 9 + sin 3 9 + + sin n9 = 11. (i) (ii) <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [4
]
12. (A) STRAIGHT LINES & CIRCLES IN TERMS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS : nZj + mz7 If Zj &
z2 are two complex numbers then the complex number z = - divides the joins of z,
& z, in the ratio m: n. Note: (i)I f a , b , c are three real numbers such that
azj + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; wh ere a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c are not all simultaneously
zero, then the complex nu mbers z,, z? & z3 are collinear. (ii) If the vertices
A, B, C of a A represent t he complex nos. z p z2, z3 respectively, then : (a) (
b) Centroid ofthe AABC = Zj I Z^ Orthocentre ofthe AABC = (a sec A)ZJ + (b sec B
)Z 2 + (c sec C)z3 ZJ tan A + z 2 tan B + z 3 tan C asecA + bsecB + csecC tanA +
tanB + tanC Incentre of the A AB C = (az, + bz2 + cz3) + (a + b + c). Circumcen
tre ofthe AABC= : (Zj sin 2A + Z2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C) + (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2
C). (c) (d) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) amp(z) = 8 is a ray emanating from the origin in
clined at an angle 0 to the x axis. | z a i ! z b | is the perpendicular bisecto
r of the line joining a to b. The equation of a line joining z} & z2 is given by
; z = z, +1 (Zj - z2) where t is a perameter. z = z, (1 + it) where t is a real
parameter is a line through th e point z, & perpendicular to oz,. The equation o
f a line passing through z, & z 2 can be expressed in the determinant form as z
z, Z z 1 z, 1 Z : 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers to be
collinear. 2 2 ^ (G) (H) Complex equation of a straight line through two given p
oints Zj & z2 can be writ ten as z (zj - z2 ) - z (zj - z2 )+ (z,z2 - ZjZ2 )= 0,
which on manipulating tak es the form a s a z + a z + r = 0 where r is real and
a is a non zero complex co nstant. The equation of circle having centre zQ & ra
dius p is : I z z0 | = p or z z - z 0 z - z Q z + z 0 z 0 - p 2 = 0 which is of
the form zz+az+az+r = 0 , r is real centre - a & radius aa-r . (I) Circle will b
e real if a a - r > 0. The equation of the circle described on the line segment
joining Zj & z2 as diameter is : z-z, (i)arg= % or ( z - z j ) ( z z 2 ) + ( z z 2 ) ( z - z , ) = 0 (J) Condition for four given points z;, z 2 , z3 & z4 to b
e concyclic is, the number
Z 3 Z1 Z4 Z2 is real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear po

ints z,, z & z can be 2 3 Z 3 Z2 Z4 Z1 (z-z2)(z3-z,) . (z-z 2 )(z 3 -z 1 ) (z-z2
xz3-zi) taken as i yj \ is real => i v ? \ - jz _ \/_ \ (z-z1J(z3-z2) ( z - z 1
j ( z 3 - z 2 j [z - Zj )(z3 z 2 j <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [5]
13.(a) Reflection points for a straight line: Two given points P & Q are the ref
lection points for a given straight line if the given line is the right bisecto
r of the segment PQ. Note that the two points denoted by the complex numbers z,
& z, will be the reflection points for the straight line a z + a z + r = 0if and
only if; a z j + a z 2 + r = 0, where r is real and a is non zero complex const
a nt, (b) Inverse points w.r.t. a circle : Two points P & Q are said to be inver
se w.r.t. a circle with centre 'O' and radius p, if : (i) the point O, P, Q are
co llinear and on the same side of O. (ii) OP . OQ = p2. Note that the two point
s Z j & z2 will be the inverse points w.r.t. the circle zz+az+az+r=0 ifandonlyif
z,z 2 +az 1 +az 2 +r=0. 14. PTOLEMY'S THEOREM: It states that the product of th
e le ngths of the diagonals of a convex quadrilateral inscribed in a circle is e
qual to the sum of the lengths of the two pairs of its opposite sides. Z + z, z i.e . I Zj z2 2 4 I 2 Z3 Z Z 15. (i) LOGARITHM OF A COMPLEX QUANTITY: qA 1 ' 1 Log (a + i p) 2 Loge (a 2 + p2) + i 2 nrc + tan where n e l . a) v i1 represen
ts a set of positive real numbers given by e 2nn+~ (ii) Q.l nel. VERY E L E M E
N T A R Y EXERCISE ON COMPLEX NUMBER Simplify and express the res ult in the for
m of a + bi (a) '1 + 202 2+i (b) - i (9 + 6 i) (2 ~ i)-1 (c) f 4i - l^ A-3 2i +
l 2 ... 3 + 2i 3 2i , .(2 + i) (d) + (e) 2 5i 2 + 5i 2-i (2-i) 2 2+i Q.2 Ml Q.3
Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Given that x , y e R, solve : (a) (x + 2y) + i (2x - 3y) = 5 - 4
i (b) (x + iy) + (7 - 5i) = 9 + 4i (c) x 2 - y 2 - i ( 2 x + y) = 2i (d) (2 + 3
i ) x 2 - ( 3 2 i ) y = 2 x - 3y + 5i + IV (e) 4x2 + 3xy + (2xy - 3x2)i = 4y2 (x2/2) + (3xy - 2y2)i .PfTC ^slcSS' I J J S Find the square root of : (a) 9 + 40
i (c) 50 i (b ) 11 60 i i Ir+Mi) If f (x) = x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 - x + 4, find f ( 5 + 4i) (a) % 4 3 2 If g(x) = x - x + x + 3 x - 5 , find g(2 + 3i) (b) iH-J Amon
g the complex n umbers z satisfying the condition z + 3 - S i = S, find the numb
er having the le ast positive argument. Solve the following equations over C and
express the resu lt in the form a + ib, a, b e R. (a) ix2 - 3x - 2i = 0 (b) 2 (
1 + i) x2 - 4 (2 i)x - 5 - 3 i = 0 Locate the points representing the complex nu
mber z on the Ar gand plane: (a) | z + l - 2 i | = V7 ; (b) |z - l|2 + |z + l|2
= 4 ; (c) z + 3 3 ; (d) I z - 3 ! - I z - 6 I Q.8 Q.9 Q.10
If a & b are real numbers between 0 & 1 such that the points Zj = a + i, z 2 = 1
+ bi & z3 - 0 form an equilateral triangle, then find the values of'a' and 'b'.
For what real values of x & y are the numbers - 3 + ix2 y & x2 + y + 4i conjuga
te complex? Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the comple
x numbers. 2+ i (i) 6 (cos 310-i sin 310) (ii) - 2 (cos 30 + i sin 30) (iii) 4i + (1
+ i)2 <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [6]
Q.ll A If (x + iy)1/3 = a + bi; prove that 4 (a2 - b2) = - + f a b . _ a + ib 2

a2 + b2 Q. 12(a) If = p + qi, prove that rpz + q - 2 2 1 c + id c + d (b) Let Zj
, z2, z3 be the complex numbers such that Zj + Z2 + Z3 = Z]Z2 + Z2Z3 + Z3Zj = 0.
Prove that | z} | = | z2 | = | z31. 1 + z + z2 Q.13 Let z be a comp lex number
such that z e c\R and j e R, then prove that | z I = 1. 1-z +z Q.14 P rove the i
dentity, 11 - z,z 2 |2 -1 z, - z 2 |2 = (l-1 z, | 2 ) (l-1 z 2 | 2 ) Q .15 Q.16
For any two complex numbers, prove that |Zi + ^ + - z2| = 2 |Zj| + |z2| . Also g
ive the geometrical interpretation of this identity. (a) Find all non-zero compl
ex numbe rs Z satisfying z =iZ 2 . (b) If the complex numbers z,, z2, zn lie on
the unit circle \z\ = 1 then show that |Zj + z2 + +Zn| = | z f z 2 - ' + +zn-1|
. If oo i s an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that : (a) (1 + co - co2)
3 - (1- + co2)3 = 0 (b) (1 - co + co2)5 + (1+ oo - 2)5 = 32 (c) If co is the cube
root of u nity, Find the value of, (1 + 5co2 + oo4) (1 + 5co4 + co2) (5co3 + oo
+ oo2). ' = 2 (iii) (1 - ) (1 - 2) (1 - 4) (1 - 8) = 9 c + aco + bco" If x = a + b ;
y = aco + b2 ; z = a2 + b, show that (i) xyz = a3 + b3 (ii) x2 + y2 + z2 = 6ab (ii
i) x3 + y3 + z3 = 3 (a3 + b3) (ii) 1 If(w* 1) is a cube root of unity then 1 - i
-i (A)0 (B )l 7 a + bm + cco Q.17 Find the Cartesian equation of the locus of '
z' in the complex plane satisf ying, | z - 4 | + | z + 4 | = 16. Q.18 Q.19 If co
is a cube root of unity, prove that; (i) (1 + - co2)3 - (1 - + 2)3 Q.20 Q.21 (D)
w Q.22(a) (1 + w) = A+ Bw where w is the imaginary cube root of a unity and A ,
B e R , find the ordered pair (A,B). (b) The value of the expression ; 1. (2 w)
(2 - w2) + 2. (3 - w) (3 - w2) + + (n - 1). (n - w) (n - w2), where w is an imag
inary cube root of unity is . Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 Q.26 If n e N, prove that (1 + i)n
+ (1 - i)n = Show that the sum ^ k=i V +1 1 + i + w2 -1 - i + w -1 (C)i w2 w2-l
-1 . cos . (sin ^ ^ - i c o s ^ ^ i simplifies to a pure imaginary number. 2n +
l 2n + l7 ( 1 + nx) (1 + \. If x = cos 9 + i sin 9 & 1 + -^/l - a2 = na, prove t
hat 1 + a cos 9 = The number t is real and not an integral multiple of 7t/2. The
complex number Xj and x2 are the roots of the equation, tan2(t) x2 + tan (t) x
+ 1 = 0 / 2mi ^ Sh owthat (x,)n + (x2)n = 2 c o s - ^ ] cotn(t). fa Bans al Clas
ses
Complex Numbers m
EXERCISE-I Q. 1 Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi : (a) - i

(9 + 6 i) ( 2 1 f ,.3 .\ 2 (b) 4 i - l 2i + l , , 3 + 2i+ 3 2i (c) r 2 - 5 i 2 +
5i Q.2 (2 + i)2 (2-i) 2 . (e) Vi+V-i 2-i 2+i Find the modulus, argument and the
princip al argument of the complex numbers. (d) rioTt^ poTt^ (i) z = 1 +cos + i
sin 19 J 19 J (iii)z=V5TT2i+y5^l2i (ii) (tanl -i) 2 (iv) i-1 271 . 271 1 cos + s
in5 V5 + 12i>/5-12i Q.3 Given that x, y e R, solve : (a) (x + 2y) + i (2x - 3y) =
5 4i 2 2 l + 2i 3 + 2i 8 i - l (c) x - y - i (2x + y) = 2i (d) (2 + 3i) x2 - (3
- 2i) y = 2x - 3y + 5i (e) 4x2 + 3xy + (2xy - 3x2)i = 4y2 - (x2/2) + (3xy - 2y2
)i Q.4(a) Let Z is complex satisfying the equation, z2 - (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0,
where m e R. Suppose the equation has a real root, then find the value of m. (b)
a, b, c a re real numbers in the polynomial, P(Z) = 2Z4 + aZ3 + bZ2 + cZ + 3 If
two roots of the equation P(Z) = 0 are 2 and i, then find the value of'a'. Q.5(
a) Find the real values of x & y for which z, = 9y2 - 4 - 10 i x and z2 = 8y2 20 i are co njugate complex of each other. (b) Find the value of x4 - x3 + x2 +
3x - 5 if x = 2 + 3i Q.6 Solve the following for z : (a) z2 - (3 - 2 i)z = (5i 5) (b) | z | + z = 2 + i (b) v y + Q.7(a) If i Z3 + Z2 - Z + i = 0, then show t
hat | Z | = 1. (b) Let z, and z2 be two complex numbers such that Z 1 - 2 Z 2 =
1 and J z J * 1, find i z, I. 2-ZjZ 2 z-z 1 T t (c) Let z, = 10 + 6i & z 2 =4 +
6i. If z is any complex number such th at the argument of, is , then z-z,. prove
that | z - 7 - 9i | = 3V2 , Q. 8 Show t hat the product, fi+i> i+ 1+ 12 J _ 12 J
ri+n 1 1 fi+n 1+ 12 J 22 " fi+n 1+ 12 J 2" ~ is equal to V 2 J (1+i) where n >
2 .
faBansal Classes Complex Numbers [8]
Q. 9 Let a & b be complex numbers (which may be real) and let, Z = z3 + (a + b +

3i) z2 + (ab + 3 ia + 2 ib - 2) z + 2 abi - 2a . (i) Show that Z is divisible b
y, z + b + i (ii) Find all complex numbers z for which Z = 0 (iii) Find all pure
ly im aginary numbers a & b when z = 1 + i and Z is a real number. Interpret the
follo wing locii in z e C. (a) (c) 1 < | z - 2i | < 3 (b) Re iz + 2 <4 (z * 2i)
Arg (z - a) = n/3 where a = 3 + 4i. Q.10 Arg (z + i) - Arg (z - i) = n/2 (d) t
o act fU dw > Q. 11 Prove that the complex numbers Zj and z2 and the origin form
an isosceles triangle with vertical angle 2TI/3 if z\ + z\ + z, z 2 = 0. 1 $1\
0 Q. 12 Pisa point on the Aragand diagram. On the circle with OP as diameter two
p oints Q & R are taken such that Z POQ = Z QOR = 0. If 'O' is the origin & P,
Q & R are represented by the complex numbers Z 1 , Z2 & Z3 respectively, show th
at: Z 2 2 . cos 2 9 = Z,. Z3 cos29. Q. 13 Let z,, z2, z3 are three pair wise dis
tin ct complex numbers and t p t2, t3 are non-negative real numbers such that t,
+12 +13 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t,z, + t2z2 + t3z3 lies inside a
tri angle with vertices z,, z2, z3 or on its boundry. Q.14 I f a C i S a , bCiS
p,cCi Sy represent three distinct collinear points in an Argand's plane, then pr
ove th e following: (i) Z ab sin (a - (3) = 0. (ii) (a CiS a) v / b 2 + c 2 - 2
b c c o s ( P - y ) 0> CiS p) ^ / a 2 + c 2 - 2 a c c o s ( a - y ) + (c CiS y)
A / a 2 + b 2 - 2 a b c o s ( a - P ) = 0. s of the parameter a for which the eq
uation (a - 1 )z4 y pure imaginary roots. Q. 16 Let A=z,; B = z2; C s z3 denotin
g the vertices of an acute angled triangle. If hocentre of the triangle, then pr
ove that z , z 2 + Z, Z 2 = Z 2 Z 3 + Z 2 Z 3 = Z 3 Z, + Z 3 ZJ Q. 15 Find all r
eal value - 4z2 + a + 2 = 0 has onl are three complex numbers the origin 'O' is
the ort
hence showthat the AABC is a right angled triangle <=>ZjZ2 + z, z2 = z 2 z 3 + z
,z 3 = z 3 z, + z3z, = 0 Q.l7 If the complex number P(w) lies on the standard u
n it circle in an Argand's plane and z = (aw+ b)(w - c)"1 then, find the locus o
f z and interpret it. Given a, b, c are real. 4i 8 + i 4 + 3i -8 +i 16i i has pu
re ly imaginary value, - 4 + Ki i 8i (b) If A, B and C are the angles of a trian
gle e Q. 18(a) Without expanding the determinant at any stage, find KG R such th
at -2iA iC iB D= elC eiB
e _]B eiA elA e _2iC where i = JZ\ thenfindthe value of D. <!lBansal Classes Com
plex Numbers [9]
Q.19 If w is an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that : (a) (1 - w + w2)
(1 w2 + w4) (1 - w4 + w8) to 2n factors = 2 2n . (b) If w is a complex cube root
of unity, find the value of (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8) to n factors . P
rov e that ' . Tt Q.20 1 + sin 9 + i cos 0 v + sin9-icos9 J . Tt^ ' : cos . nTt
-n9 + i sin 7T^ 5 ' / n7t - n 9 . Hence deduce that Q.21 0 + sin + icos + i 1 + s
in icos 1 v 5 5, 5 5 y v If cos (a - P) + cos (P - y) + co s (y - a) = - 3/2 then
prove that : (a) cos 2a = 0 = E sin 2a (b) E sin (a + P) = 0 = E cos (a + p) 2
2 (c) sin a = cos a = 3/2 (d) sin 3a = 3 sin (a + P + y) ( e) cos 3a = 3 cos (a
+ P + y) (f) cos3 (9 + a) + cos3 (9 + p) + cos3 (9+y) = 3 c os (9 + a ) . cos (9
+ p). cos (9+y) where 9 e R. Resolve Z5 + 1 into linear & q uadratic factors wi
th real coefficients. Deduce that: 4-sin-p- -cos y = 1. I f x = l + i V 3 ; y= 1
-iV3 & z = 2, then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3. Prove that fo
r all complex numbers z with | z | = 1 <|l-z| + |l+z2|<4 71 Q.22 Q.23 Q.24 Q.25(
a) Let z = x + iy be a complex number, where x mdy are real numbers. Let Aa nd B
be the sets defined by A = { z | | z | <2} and B = {z | (1 -z')z + (l +/) z >4}
. Find the area ofthe region A n B. (b) For all real numbers x, let the mapp ing
f (x) = ;, where i = ^/ZJ. If there exist real number X I a, b,c and d for w hi
ch/(a),/(b),/(c) and/(d) form a square on the complex plane. Find the area of th
e square. EXERCISE-II P q r Q.l If q r p = 0 ; where p, q, r are the moduli of n
on-zero complex numbers u, v, w respectively, r p q
/ w - u A2 w prove that, arg = arg V v U / Q.2 Q. 3 Prove that X* -3 )' ' 3"C2r-i
= 0, where k= &n is an even positive integer. r= 1 3n 2 Show that the locus for
med by z in the equation z3 + iz = 1 never crosses the co -ordinate axes in the
-Im(z) Argand's plane. Further show that |z|= ^ 2 R e ( z ) I m ( z ) + 1 4, Q.4
Q.5 WW*" 1 If co is the fifth root of 2 and x = co + co2, prove that x5 = 1 Ox2
+ 1 Ox + 6 A N ^ ^ T / Prove that, with regard to the quadratic equation z2 + (p
+ ip ') z + q + iq' = 0 where p , p', q, q' are all real. (i) if the equation h
as one real root then q ' 2 - pp' q' + qp ' 2 = 0 . (ii) if the equation has two
equal roots then p 2 - p ' 2 = 4 q & p p ' = 2q'. State whether these equal roo
ts are real or complex. <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [10]
Q.6 if the e q u a t i o n (z + i 7 )7 + z7 = 0 has roots z,, z2,.... z7, find t

he value of 7 (a) Q.7 X Re r=l ( r) Z 311(1 ^ n r=l ZIm(Zr) Find the roots of th
e equation Z = (Z + 1 )n and show that the points which repr esent them are coll
inear on the complex plane. Hence show that these roots are a lso the roots of t
he equation \2 . n t \ 2 Z2 + / u Z + 1 = 0. 2 sin 2 sin n n v Dividing f(z) by
z - i , we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we ge t the remainder 1
+ i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z2 + 1. L et z j & z2 be a
ny two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that: ZL + Q.8 Q. 9 Z2| > I ( | z ,
| + | z 2 | ) z, I |z 2 Q. 10 If Zr, r = 1,2,3, 2m, m e N are the roots of the e
quation 2 m 1 Z2m + Z2m-1 + Z2m-2 + + Z + 1 = Q then prove that I ^ _ j = -m + Q
.ll If (1 +x) n = c 0 + C , X + C 2 X 2 (a) C0 + C4 + C R + ....= (c) C2 + C6 +
C ] 0 + = .... + c n x n (n e N), prove that: +2 sm 4 n7t 2"-' + 2"n cos (b)C 1
+ C5 + C9 + ....= i 1 2 -2 n / 2 0
COS n n (d)C 3 + C7 + C n + ....= I n7t 2 - 1 _ 2 n/2 sin (e) C0 + C3 + C6 + C9

+ 2" + 2 cos Q. 12 Let z,, z 2 , z 3 , z4 be the vertices A, B , C , D respectiv
ely of a squa re on the Argand diagram taken in anticlockwise direction then pro
ve that : (i) 2Z2 = (1 + i) z, + (1- i)z3 & (ii) 2z4 = (1- i) Zj + (1 + i) z3 Q.
13 Show that all the roots of the equation Q.14 Prove that: (a) cos x + nC, cos
2x + nC2 cos 3x + (b) sin x + n Cj sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x + (c) cos 271 2 n + 1, +
COS 1 + ix | 1 - ixy 1 + ia 1 - ia a e R are real and distinct. + nCn cos (n +
1) x = 2" . cos" | . cos + nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n . cos" 671 2n + 1 n + 2 . sin
n + 2 x 471 2n + 1 + cos + + cos 2n7i. 2n + 1 = - - When n e N. 2 Q. 15 Show tha
t all roots of the equation a0zn + aj zn " 1 + + an _, z + an = n, n-1 where | a
-1 < 1, i = 0,1,2,...., n lie outside the circle with centre at the origin and r
adius
<!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [11]
Q.16 The points A, B, C depict the complex numbers z,, z 2 , z3 respectively on

a com plex plane & the angle B & C of the triangle ABC are each equal to ^-(rc a) . Show that (z2 - z3)2 = 4 (z3 - z,) (z, - z2) sin2 | . Q.17 A2 A2 Show that
the equation 1 + - + x aj x a2 A2 + - = k has no imaginary root, given that: ^ <in
a,, a 2 , a3.... an & A,, A2, A3 Q.18 Q.19 An, k are all real numbers. If z ] 2
+ z22 + z 3 2 -z 1 z 2 -z 2 z 3 -z 3 z 1 0, prove that all the three z, ,z 2 &z
3 simultaneously need not be equal, where z,, z2 & z3 are complex number s. Let
a, P be fixed complex numbers and z is a variable complex number such tha t, | z
- a | 2 + | z - p | 2 =k. Find out the limits for 'k' such that the locus of z
is a circle. Find also the centre and radius of the circle. Q.20 Q.21 C is the c
omplex number, f: C R is defined by f (z) = | z3 - z + 2|. What is the maximum v
alue of f on the unit circle | z | = 1 ? Let f (x) = lg cos3x (cos 2 i x) if x *
0 and f (0) = K (where i = V^T ) is continuous at x = 0 then find the value of f
z,, z2 are > 4ac > b2 ; n, show that VZ2 f u2\ 1/2 : J 2cos 4ac Q.23 Find the s
et of points on the argand plane for which the real part of the comple x number
(1 + i) z2 is positive where z = x + iy,x, y e R and i - - / - l . Q.24 Q.25 If
a and b are positive integer such that N = (a + zb)3 -107 i is a positive int eg
er. Find N. If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d e R) ha s
4 non real roots, two with sum 3 + 4i and the other two with product 13 + i. F
ind the value of'b'. K. Use of L Hospital's rule or series expansion not allowed
. Q.22 I the roots of the equation az2 + bz + c = 0, with a, b, c > 0 ; 2b2 z, e
third quadrant; z2 e second quadrant in the argand's plane the f z, \ arg
EXERCISE-III Q. 1 Evaluate: flQ / ' f ] (3 p + 2) f f s i n - cos^H) p=l \q=l 11

. [REE '97,6] Q.2(a) Let Zj and z2 be roots of the equation z2 + pz + q = 0 , w
here the co-eff icients p and q may be complex numbers. Let A and B represent z,
and z2 in the c omplex plane. If ZAOB = a ^ 0 and OA = OB, where O is the origi
n. Prove that p2 = 4 q cos2 (b) Prove that n-1 k=l \. [JEE '97 , 5] [JEE'97,5] (
n - k ) cos 2k7t n n 2 where n > 3 is an integer. <!lBansal Classes Complex Num
bers [12]
Q.3 (a) If is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 +00 co2)7 equals (A) 128 (
B) - 128co (C) 128co2 (b) The value of the sum ]Mi n +i n + 1 ) , where i = n=l
(D) - 128co2 13 , . , equals (D) 0 [JEE' 98, 2 + 2 ] (A) i Q.4 (B) i - 1 (C) i Find all the roots of the equation (3z - 1 )4 + (z - 2)4 = 0 in the simplified
f orm of a + ib. [REE'98,6] then 4 + 5 + 2 1 . r\334 i V3 | 2 Q.5(a) If i = p ,
(A)l-iV3 , f rf 1 i V3 + 3 + -\ 2 2 . is equal to : (D)-iV3 (B) - 1 + iV3 (C) iV3
(b) For complex numbers z & co, prove that, |z|2 co - |co|2 z = z - co if and o
n ly if, z co or z co = 1 [JEE'99,2+10(outof200)] Q.6 If a = e 2ni 20 7 and f(x)
=A 0 + X Ak xk, then find the value of, k=1 f(x) + f(a x) + + f(a 6 x) independe
nt of a . 1 + [REE '99,6] 1 + Q.7(a) If Zj, z 2 , z3 are complex numbers such th
at | z, | = | z2 | = | z 3 | = I Zj + z2 + z31 is : (A) equal to 1 (B) less than
1 (C) greater than 3 1 1, then (D) equal to 3 (b) If arg (z) < 0, then arg ( z) - arg (z) = (A) 71 2
(B)-TT _ 2 2n + ( O - f (D) ~ [ JEE 2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35 ] Q.8 Given

, z = cos a = z + z3 + 71 2n + ^ + i sin 71 j , 'n' a positive integer, find the
equation whose roots are, + z2n. [ REE 2000 (Mains) 3 out of 100 ] + z2n _ 1 &
|3 = z2 + z4 + z, - z 3 l-iV3 Q.9(a) The complex numbers z,, z2 and z3 satisfymg
- = - are the vertices of atriangle which is Z2 ^ (A) of area zero (B) right-an
gled isosceles (C) equilateral (D) obtuse - angled isosceles (b) Let z j and z2
be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the origin. Then n must be
of the form (A) 4k + 1 (B) 4k + 2 (C)4k + 3 (D)4k [JEE 2001 (Scr) 1 + 1 out of 3
5] 12 6 Q. 10 F ind all those roots of the equation z - 56z -512 = 0 whose imagi
nary part is pos itive. [ REE 2000, 3 out of 100 ] <!lBansal Classes Complex Num
bers [13]
1 1 1 1 . V3 2 2 O Q.ll (a) Let co = + 1 . Then the value of the determinant 1 1

co Cis 2 2 ,1 co2 co4 (A) 3co (B) 3co (co - 1) (C) 3co2 (D) 3co(l -) (b) For all
complex numbers zp z2 satisfying \zx\ = 12 and |z2 3 4i| = 5, the minimum value
of |Zj - z 2 | is (A) 0 (B)2 (C) 7 (D) 17 [JEE 2002 (Scr) 3+3] (c) Let a comple
x number a , a * 1, be a root of the equation '* ' where p,q are distinct prime
s . z p+q_ z p_ z q+1 =0 Show that either l + a + a 2 + + aP-1 = 0 or l + a + a
2 + + a ^ 1 = 0 , but not both together. / otse [JEE 2002, (5) ] 1 - z , z2 Q. 1
2( a) If z, and z2 are two complex numbers such that j z , j < 1 < ] z2 j then p
rov e that Zj z 2 (b) Prove that there exists no complex number z such that | z
j < and r=l <1. z r =1 where | ar | < 2. [JEE-03,2 + 2 out of 60] Q. 13(a) co is
an imaginary cube root of unity. If (1 + co ) = (1 + co ) , then least positive
integral value of m is (A) 6 (B)5 (C)4 ( D)3 [JEE 2004 (Scr)] 2m 4 m (b) Find c
entre and radius ofthe circle determined by all complex numbers z=x+i y satisfyi
ng (z- -a) = k, (z--P) where a = 04 + ia 2 , p = P, +i{32 a r e fixed complex an
d k 1. Q. 14(a) The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best rep resented
by (A) z : |z + 11 > 2, |arg(z + 1)| < 7t/4 (B) z : jz -1| > 2, |arg(zl)|<7t/4 (
C) z : |z + lj < 2, |arg(z + 1)| < rc/2 (D) z : |z - 11 < 2, |arg(z 1)| < T / C2
[JEE 2004,2 out of 60] p(V2-l,V2) (-i,o)\ 1TM Q(V2-l,-V2f (b) If a, b, c are in
tegers not all equal and w is a cube root of unity (w * 1), then the minimum val
ue of ia + bw + cw2| is (A)0 (B)l (C)T V3 (D) 1 [JEE 2005 (Scr), 3 + 3] the circ
le |z - 1 j = i (Mains), 4] Q.15 If w = at values ofz is (A) {z a (c) s 2 a + :
| If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing + V3 i Find the other vert
ices of square. [JEE 2005 ip where P * 0 and z * 1, satisfies the condition th z
| = 1} If(B){z:z=z) J ^
w-wz is purely real, then the set of 1-z (D) {z : | z | = 1, z * 1} [JEE 2006,3]
(C) {z: z ^ 1} <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers (1-
[14] (ck\\)l t b^
A N S W E R KEY VERY ELEMENTARY EXERCISE ON COMPLEX NUMBER Q.l Q.2 7 (a) 24 i 21

12 ; (b) y - y i 8 ; (c) 3 + 4 i ; (d) -, y j + i) 2 ?? + 0i ; (e) y i 5K (e) x
= K , y = K e R ( a ) x = l , y = 2 (b) (2 , 9) (c) ( - 2 , 2 ) or (d) (1 ,1)1
Q.3 Q.5 Q.7 (a) (5 2 + 4i); (b) (5 - 6i) (c) 5(1 Q.4 ( a ) - 1 6 0 ; (b) - ( 7 7
+ 1 0 8 i) 2i H 2 1 Q.6 (a) - i , (b) 3 5i 2 or + I 2 (a) on a circle of radius
V 7 with centre ( - 1 , 2 ) ; (b) on a unit circle wit h centre at origin (c) o
n a circle with centre ( - 1 5 / 4 , 0 ) & radius 9/4 ; (d) a straight line a =
b = 2 -V3 Q.8 Q.10 ; 18
Q.9 x = 1, y =-4 18 or x = - 1, y = -4 (i) M o d u l u s = 6 , A r g = 2 k

K e I ) , Principal A r g = ( K e I) (i i) M o d u l u s = 2 , A r g = 2
- , Principal A r g = 6 (iii) M o d u l u s = 6 - 6 , A r g = 2 k n (K e I ) , Principal A r g = - tan~'2 z. v Q.16 (a) V3 i V3 2 2 , i ;
^ 6 +4 8 - = l ; Q . 1 8 4 (c) 64 ; ' Q.21 A Q.22" (a) (1,1); (b) n(n +
CISE-I Q . l (a) ^ - - - ^ i j (b) 3 + 4 i (c) - A + 0 i 29 (d) ^ i r ?
n + (
k 7 i +
t a n ' 1 2
vQ.17 2 v
l) EXER
(e) V 2 + 0 i or 0V2i 4tc Q.2 (i) Principal A r g z = - ; 471 | z | = 2 cos 4 7t ;

Arg z = 2 k T - T k e I Principal A r g = (2 n) (ii) M o d u l u s = s e c 2 l ,
A r g = 2 n 7 t + ( 2 - TT), (iii) Principal va lue of A g r z = - & \ z \ = y
; Principal v a l u e of A r g z = & | z | = (iv) M o d u l u s = - 7 = c o s e
c , A r g z = 2ri7i + 6 V2 5 20 /xx,,, 1 71 a ^ 11 T , T Principal A r g = . . .
. 1 lrc 20 Q.3(a) Q.4 x = 1, y = 2; (b) x = 1 & y= 2 ; (c) (a) ( - 2 , 2 ) or 2
2 3 . -- jJ ; (d) (1,1) I 0, (b) - (77 + 1 0 8 ; (e) x i)
=K, y = Ke R 3K (a) 2, ( b ) - 1 1 / 2 Q.5 [(-2, 2); ( - 2 , - 2 ) ] 3+ 4i Q.6 Q

.7 Q.9 (a) z = (2 + i) or ( l - 3 i ) ; (b) z = (b)2 (ii) z = - (b + i ) ; - 2 i
, - a (iii) 2ti 3t + 5 , ti where t e R <!lBansal Classes Complex Numbers [15]
Q.IO (a) The region between the co encentric circles with centre at (0,2) & radi
i 1 & 3 units 1 1 (b) region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radi
u s . (c) semi circle (in the 1 st & 4th quadrant) x2 + y2 = 1 (d) a ray emanatin
g from the point Q.15 Q.18 Q.22 Q.25 (3 +4i) directed away from the origin & hav
in g equation Vs x - y + 4 - 3/3 = 0 [-3,-2] Q.17 (1 - c2) | z |2 - 2(a + be) (R
e z ) + a2 - b2 = 0 (a) K = 3 , (b) - 4 Q.19 (b) one if n is even; - w2 if n is
odd (Z+ l ) ( Z 2 - 2 Z c o s 3 6 + l ) ( Z 2 - 2 Z c o s 108+ 1) (a) 7t - 2 ; (b
) 1/ 2 EXERCISE-II Q.6 Q.20 (a) - , (b) zero 2 Q.8 2 +- +i 2 Q.19 k > ^ ! ~ P|2 2 |
f (z) | is maximum when z = co, where co is the cube root unity and | f (z) | =
^13 4 Q.21 K = - ~ ' 9 Q.23 required set is constituted by the angles without t
heir boundaries, whose sides are the straight lines y = (V2-l) xandy+(V2 + 1) x
= 0 c ontaining the x - axis Q.24 198 Q.25 51 EXERCISE-III Q.l 48(1 - i) ^ Q.4 Q
.6 ^ L Q.3 (a) D (b) B , (29+20V2) + i(l5 + 25\/2) 82 + 7A?X 7 (29-20V2) + i(15-25
V2) 82 (b) A Q.5 (a) ^ *, , C 2 7t 0 7A 0 + 7AI4X 14 Q.7 (a) A
Q.8 z2 + z+ + sin2 n 0 = 0, where (a)B 2n + 1 Q.9 (a) C, (b) D Q.IO l + i V 3 ,

2 Q.H ; (b) B V2 Q.13 Q.14 (a) D ; (b) Centre = k , Radius = j V l a - k 2 p | 2
-(k 2 .| (312 -1 a | 2 ) ( k 2 - l ) 1 (k 1) Q.15 D (a) A, (b) B, (c) z2 = - V
3 i ; z 3 = ( l - V s ) + i ; z 4 = ( l + V3)-i <!lBansal Classes Complex Number
s [16]
BANSAL CLASSES TARGETIIT JEE 2007 XII (ABCD) CONIC SECTION (PARABOLA, ELLIPSE &
HYPERBOLA) CONTENTS PARABOLA KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III Pag
e -2 Page -5 Page -7 Page -8 ELLIPSE KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II . EXERCI
SE-III Page -10 Page -13 Page -14 Pag e -16 HYPERBOLA KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXE
RCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY Page -18 Page -22 Pag e -24 Page -25 Page-27
PARABOLA KEY 1. CONIC SECTIONS: CONCEPTS ^ 2. A conic section, or conic is the l

ocus of a point which moves in a plane so that its distance from a fixed point i
s in a constant ratio to its perpendicular dis tance from a fixed straight line.
The fixed point is called the Focus. Thefixeds traight line is called the DIREC
TRIX. The constant ratio is called the ECCENTRIC ITY denoted by e. The line pass
ing through the focus & perpendicular to the dire ctrix is called the Axis. A po
int of intersection of a conic with its axis is ca lled a VERTEX. GENERAL EQUATI
ON OF A CONIC: FOCAL DIRECTRIX PROPERTY: The general equation of a conic with fo
cus (p, q) & directrix Ix + my + n = 0 is : (I2 + m2) [(x - p)2 + (y - q)2] = e2
(Ix + my + n)2 = ax2 + 2hxy +"by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 3. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
THE CONIC : The nature of the conic section depends upon the position of the fo
cus S w.r.t. the directrix & also upon the value of the eccentricity e. Two diff
erent cases a rise. CASE ( I ) : W H E N T H E Focus L I E S O N T H E DIRECTRIX
. In this case D = abc + 2fgh - af2 - bg2 - ch2 - 0 & the general equation of a
conic represen ts a pair of straight lines if: e > 1 the lines will be real & di
stinct intersec ting at S. e = 1 the lines will coincident, e < 1 the lines will
be imaginary. CASE ( I I ) : W H E N T H E a parabola e=l;D*0, h2 = ab 4. Focus
D O E S N O T L I E an ellipse 0<e<l;D*0; h2 < ab O N DIRECTRIX. a hyperbola re
ctangular hyperbola e>l;D*0; e>l;D*0 2 h > ab h2 > ab ; a + b = 0 PARABOLA : DEF
INITION: A parabola is the locus of a point which moves in a plane, such that it
s distanc efromafixedpoint (focus) is equal to its perpendicular distancefromafi
xedstraigh t line (directrix). Standard equation of a parabola is y2 = 4ax. For
this parabo la: (i) Vertex is (0,0) FOCAL DISTANCE: (ii) focus is (a, 0) (iii)Ax
isisy=0 (iv) Directrix is x + a = 0 The distance of a point on the parabola from
the focus is called the FOCAL DISTA NCE O F T H E FOCAL CHORD : CHORD. POINT. A
chord of the parabola, which passes through the focus is called a FOCAL DOUBLE
ORDINATE:
A chord of the parabola perpendicular to the axis of the symmetry is called a DO

UBLE LATUS RECTUM: ORDINATE. A double ordinate passing through the focus or a f
ocal chord perpendicular to th e axis of parabola is called the LATUS RECTUM. Fo
r y2 = 4ax. Length of the latus rectum = 4a. ends of the latus rectum are L(a, 2
a) & L' (a, - 2a). Note that: ( i) Perpendicular distancefromfocus on directrix
= half the latus rectum. (ii) Ve rtex is middle point of the focus & the point o
f intersection of directrix & axi s. (iii) Two parabolas are laid to be equal if
they have the same latus rectum. 2 Four standard forms of the parabola are y2 =
Ellipse,= - 4ax ; x2 = 4ay; x2 = - 4ay [17] ^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (Para
bola, 4ax ; y Hyperbola)
5. POSITION OF A POINT RELATIVE TO A PARABOLA: The point (x( y t ) lies outside,

on or inside the parabola y2 = 4ax according as the expression y,2 - 4ax, is po
sit ive, zero or negative. LINE & A PARABOLA: The line y=mx + c meets the parabo
la y 2 =4ax in two points real, coincident or imaginary according as a a > c m =
> co ndition of tangency is, c = . f A 2 6. \ 7. vm ; Note: length of the focal c
hord making an angle a with the x - axis is 4aCo sec2 a. Length of the chord int
ercepted by the parabola on the line y = m x + c is : -ja(l + m 2 ) ( a - m c )
. 8. PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION: The simplest & the best form of representing the
co-o rdinates of a point on the parabola is (at2,2at). The equations x - at2 &
y = 2a t together represents the parabola y2 = 4ax, t being the parameter. The e
quation of a chord joining t, & t2 is 2x - (t[ +12) y + 2 at} t2 = 0. Note: If t
he chor d joining t]512 & t3, t4 pass through a point (c 0) on the axis, then t,
t2 = t3t 4 = - c/a. TANGENTS TO THE PARABOLA y2 = 4ax: yy1 = 2a(x + Xj)atthepoin
t(x,,y 1 ) ; (ii) ' a 2a ^ y = mx + ( m ^ O ) a t V m2 ' m m 9. (0 (iii) 10. (i)
(iii) t y = x + a t2 at (at2,2at). Note : Point of intersection of the tangents
at the point t, & t2 is [ at, t2 a(t, +12) ]. NORMALS TO THE PARABOLA y2 - 4ax
: y - y i =-h. ( x - x , ) a t ( x , y,) ; 2a y + tx = 2at + at3 at (at2' 2at).
(ii) y = mx - 2am - am3 at (am2, - 2am) Note : Point of intersection of normals
at t, & t2 are, a (t2 + 11. (a) + t,t 2 + 2); - at, t2 (t, +12). (b) THREE VERY
IMPORTANT RESULTS: If t, & t2 are the ends of a focal chord of the pa rabola y2
= 4ax then t,t 2 = -1. Hence the co-ordinates fa 2a) at the extremitie s of a fo
cal chord can be taken as (at2' 2at) & - j > . vt tJ 2 If the normals t o the pa
rabola y = 4ax at the point t, meets the parabola again at the point t2, then h=
' 2^ l 7\ ,J v If the normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax at the points t, & ^ int
ersect again on the parabola at the point 't3' then tj t2 = 2; t3 = - (t j +12)
and the line joining t, & t2 passes through a fixed point (-2a, 0). t l + ' (c)
General Note : (i) Length of subtangent at any point P(x, y) on the parabola y2
= 4ax equals twice the abscissa of the point P. Note that the subtangent is bise
cted at the vertex. (ii) Length of subnormal is constant for all points on the
p arabola & is equal to the semi latus rectum. (iii) If a family of straight lin
es can be represented by an equation A,2P + XQ + R = 0 where X is a parameter an
d P, Q, R are linear functions of x and y then the family of lines will be tange
nt to the curve Q2 = 4 PR. 12. The equation to the pair of tangents which can be
d rawn from any point (x, y,) to the parabola y2 = 4ax is given by : SS, = T2 w
her e : S = = y - 4 a x . S1=y,2-4ax1 ; T = yy, ~2a(x + x,). 2 ^B ansaIClasses C
onic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
13. DIRECTOR CIRCLE: Locus of the point of intersection of the perpendicular tan
gents to the parabola y2 = 4ax is called the DIRECTOR CIRCLE. It's equation is x
+ a = 0 which is par abola's own directrix. 14. CHORD OF CONTACT : Equation to
the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point P(x, y,)is yy, = 2a(x + x,).
Remember that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents from t he point (
x, y,) & the chord of contact is (y,2 - 4ax1)3/2 2a. Also note that th e chord o
f contact exists only if the point P is not inside. 15. POLAR & POLE: Equation o
f the Polar of the point P(x, y,) w.r.t. the parabola y2 = 4ax is' yy 1 =2a(x +
x1) ' , W 2 (ii) The pole of the line /x + my + n = 0 w.r.t. the parab ola y = 4
ax is , 1 Note: vl , (i) The polar ofthe focus ofthe parabola is the dir ectrix.
(ii) When the point (x, y,) lies without the parabola the equation to it s polar
is the same as the equation to the chord of contact of tangents drawn fr om (x,
, y,) when (x,, y,) is on the parabola the polar is the same as the tangen t at
the point. (iii) If the polar of a point P passes through the point Q, then the
polar of Q goes through P. (iv) Two straight lines are said to be conjugate d to
each other w.r.t. a parabola when the pole of one lies on the other. (v) Po lar
of a given point P w.r.t. any Conic is the locus of the harmonic conjugate o f
P w.r.t. the two points is which any line through P cuts the conic. (i) 16. CHOR
D WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT : Equation of the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax who
se middle point is 2a (x, y,) i s y - y j = ( x - x,). This reduced to T = Sj wh
ere T = y y, - 2a (x + x,) & S , =y, 2 -4ax s . 17. DIAMETER: The locus ofthe mi
ddle points of a system of parallel chords of a Parabola is ca lled a DIAMETER.
Equation to the diameter of a parabola is y = 2a/m, where m = s lope of parallel
chords. Note: (i) The tangent at the extremity of a diameter of a parabola is p
arallel to the system of chords it bisects. (ii) The tangent at the ends of any
chords of a parabola meet on the diameter which bisects the chor d. (iii) A line
segmentfroma point P on the parabola and parallel to the system of parallel cho
rds is called the ordinate to the diameter bisecting the system o f parallel cho
rds and the chords are called its double ordinate. 18. IMPORTANT HIGHLIGHTS : (a
) (b) (c) If the tangent & normal at any point 'P' of the parabola intersect the
axis at T & G then ST = SG = SP where 'S' is the focus. In other words the tang
ent and th e normal at a point P on the parabola are the bisectors of the angle
between the focal radius SP & the perpendicular from P on the directrix. From th
is we concl ude that all rays emanating from S will become parallel to the axis
of the parab ola after reflection. The portion of a tangent to a parabola cut of
f between the directrix & the curve subtends a right angle at the focus. The tan
gents at the extremities of a focal chord intersect at right angles on the direc
trix, and hen ce a circle on any focal chord as diameter touches the directrix.
Also a circle on any focal radii ofa point P (at2,2at) as diameter touches the t
angent at the vertex and intercepts a chord of length aî + t2 on a normal at th
e point P.
^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
(d) (e) (f) (g) Any tangent to a parabola & the perpendicular on it from the foc
us meet on the t angtent at the vertex. If the tangents at P and Q meet in T, th
en: TP and TQ sub tend equal angles at the focus S. ST2 = SP. SQ & The triangles
SPT and STQ are s imilar. Tangents and Normals at the extremities of the latus
rectum of a parabol a y2 = 4ax constitute a square, their points of intersection
being ( - a 0) & (3 a 0). > Semi latus rectum of the parabola y2=4ax, is the ha
rmonic mean between segments of any focal chord L 1 o of the parabola is ; 2a = +=.
i.e. 1 1 1 b+c b c a The circle circumscribing the triangle formed by any three
tangents to a parab ola passes through the focus. The orthocentre of any triang
le formed by three ta ngents to a parabola y2 = 4ax lies on the directrix & has
the co-ordinates - a, a (tj +1, +13 + t,t2t3). The area of the triangle formed b
y three points on a pa rabola is twice the area of the triangle formed by the ta
ngents at these points, If normal drawn to a parabola passes through a point P(h
, k) then k = mh - 2am - am3 i.e. am3 + m(2a - h) + k = 0. gives m, + m, + m = T
hen 3 0 ; mjm 2 + m 2 m 3 + m 3 m, = J 2a 2bc (h) (i) (j) (k) ~h a a where m, m2
&m 3 are the slopes of the three concurrent normals. Note that t he algebraic s
um of the: slopes of the three concurrent normals is zero. ordinat es of the thr
ee conormal points on the parabola is zero. Centroid of the A forme d by three c
o-normal points lies on the x-axis. (/) A circle circumscribing the triangle for
med by three co-normal points passes through the vertex of the parab ola and its
equation is, 2(x2 + y2) - 2(h + 2a)x - ky = 0 Suggested problems fro m Loney: E
xercise-25 (Q.5,10,13,14,18,21), Exercise-26 (Important) (Q.4, 6,7,16, 17,20,22,
26,27,28,34,38), Exercise-27 (Q.4,7), Exercise-28 (Q.2,7,11,14,17,23), Exercise29 (Q.7, 8, 10, 19, 21, 24, 26, 27), Exercise-30 (2, 3, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25,
26, 30) Note: Refer to the figure on Pg. 175 if necessary. k ; m, m 2 m3 = . EXE
RCISE-I Q. 1 Q. 2 Q.3 Q.4 Show that the normals at the points (4a, 4a) & at the
upper en d of the latus ractum of the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect on the same pa
rabola. P rove that the locus of the middle point of portion of a normal to y2 =
4ax inter cepted between the curve & the axis is another parabola. Find the ver
tex & the l atus rectum of the second parabola. Find the equations Qf the tangen
ts to the pa rabola y2 = 16x, which are parallel & perpendicular respectively 1
to the line 2 x - y + 5 = 0. Find also the coordinates of their points of contac
t, n ' i ^ / A circle is described whose centre is the vertex and whose diameter
is three-qua rters of the latus rectum of a parabola y2 = 4ax. Prove that the c
ommon chord of the circle and parabola bisects the distance between the vertex a
nd the focus. Find the equations of the tangents of the parabola y2 = 12x, which
passes throug h the point (2,5). Through the vertex O of a parabola y 2 =4x, ch
ords OP & OQ ar e drawn at right angles to one another. Show that for all positi
ons of P, PQ cut s the axis of the parabola at afixedpoint. Alsofindthe locus of
the middle point of PQ. Let S is the focus of the parabola y2 = 4ax and X the f
oot of the direct rix, PP' is a double ordinate of the curve and PX meets the cu
rve again in Q. Pr ove that P'Q passes through focus. t Q. 5 Q.6 Q. 7
^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
Q.8 Q. 9 Three normals to y2 = 4x pass through the point (15,12). Show that one
of the no rmals is given by y = x - 3 & find the equations of the others. Find t
he equatio ns of the chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax which pass through the poin
t (-6a, 0) and which subtends an angle of 45 at the vertex. Q.IO Through the vert
ex O of the parabola y 2 =4ax, a perpendicular is drawn to any tangent meeting i
t at P & the parabola at Q. Show that OP OQ = constant. Q.l l Q.12 Q.13 Q.14 Q.1
5 Q.16 Q.17 'O' is the vertex of the parabola y2 = 4ax & L i s the upper end of
the latus rectum. If LH is drawn perpendicular to OL meeting OX in H, prove that
the length of the double ordinate through H is 4a The normal at a point P to th
e parabola y2 = 4ax meets its axis at G. Q is another point o n the parabola suc
h that QG is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola. Prove that QG2 - PG2 = c
onstant. If the normal at P( 18,12) to the parabola y2= 8x cut s it again at Q,
show that 9PQ = 80 VlO Prove that, the normal to y2 = 12x at (3 ' 6) meets the p
arabola again in (27,-18) & circle on this normal chord as diame ter is x2 + y2
- 30x + 12y - 27 = 0. Find the equation of the circle which passe s through the
focus of the parabola x2 = 4y & touches it at the point (6,9). P & Q are the poi
nts of contact o f t h e tangents drawn from the point T to the pa rabola y2 = 4
ax. If PQ be the normal to the parabola at P- prove that TP is bise cted by the
directrix. Prove that the locus of the middle points of the normal c hords of th
e parabola y2 = 4ax is y2 4a 3 + T- = x - 2 a 2a y2 From the point (-1 ,2) tangen
t lines are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4x. Find the equation of the ch ord of co
ntact. Also find the area of the triangle formed by the chord of contac t & the
tangents. Show that the locus ofa point that divides a chord of slope 2 of the p
arabola y 2 =4x internally in the ratio 1 :2 is a parabola. Find the ver tex of
this parabola. From a point A common tangents are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 =
a2/2 & parabola y2 = 4ax. Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by th e comm
on tangents, the chord of contact of the circle and the chord of contact o f the
parabola. Prove that on the axis of any parabola y2 = 4ax there is a certa in p
oint K which has the property that, if a chord PQ of the parabola be drawn t hro
ugh it, then j + j is same for all positions of the chord. Find also the coor di
nates of the point K. '^ ^ (Q^) Q.22 Prove that the two parabolas y2 = 4ax & y 2
= 4c (x - b) cannot have a common normal, other than the b axis, unless 7 ~ > 2
. (a-c) Find the condition o n ' a ' & ' b ' s o that the two tangents drawn to
the parabola y2 = 4ax fromapoint are normals to the parabola x2 = 4by. Prove th
at the locus ofthe middle points of all tangents drawnfrompoints on the directri
x to the parabola y2 = 4ax is y2(2x + a) - a(3x + a)2. Show that the locus of a
point, such that two of the three normals drawn from it to the parabola y2 = 4a
x are perpendicular is y2 = a(x - 3a). Q.18 Q.19 Q.20 Q.21 Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 ^B ans
aIClasses Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
EXERCISE-II Q.l Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 In the parabola y2=4ax, the tangent at the point P,
whose abscis sa is equal to the latus ractum meets the axis in T & the normal at
P cuts the p arabola again in Q. Prove that PT: PQ = 4:5. Two tangents to the p
arabola y2= 8x meet the tangent at its vertex in the points P & Q. If PQ = 4 uni
ts, prove that the locus of the point of the intersection of the two tangents is
y2 = 8 (x + 2 ). A variable chord tj t, of the parabola y2 = 4ax subtends a rig
ht angle at a f ixed point tQ of the curve. Show that it passes through a fixed
point. Alsofindt he co-ordinates of thefixedpoint. Two perpendicular straight li
nes through the f ocus of the parabola y2 = 4ax meet its directrix in T & T' res
pectively. Show th at the tangents to the parabola parallel to the perpendicular
lines intersect in the mid point of T T Two straight lines one being a tangent
to y2 = 4ax and the other to x2 = 4by are right angles. Find the locus of their
point of intersecti on. A variable chord PQ of the parabola y2 = 4x is drawn par
allel to the line y = x. If the parameters of the points P & Q on the parabola a
re p & q respectivel y, show that p + q = 2. Also show that the locus of the poi
nt of intersection of the normals a t P & Q i s 2 x - y = 1 2 . Show that an inf
inite number of trian gles can be inscribed in either of the parabolas y2 = 4ax
& x2 - 4by whose sides touch the other. If (Xj, yj), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) be th
ree points on the para bola y2 = 4ax and the normals at these points . , Xi X, X
7 Xi X-i Xi L meet ma p oint then prove that 1 + + = 0. ys yi yi Show that the norm
als at two suitable dist inct real points on the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect at
a point on the parabola w hose abscissa > 8a. Q.5 Q.6 Q. 7 Q.8 Q. 9 Q. 10 The eq
uation y = x2 + 2ax + a represents a parabola for all real values of a. (a) Prov
e thaj>eacn of these parabolas pass through a common point and deter mine the co
ordinates of this point, s (b) The vertices of the parabolas lie on a curve. Pro
ve that this curve is a parabola andfindits equation. Q. 11 The norma ls at P an
d Q on the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect at the point R (x,, y,) on the parabola a
nd the tangents at P and Q intersect at the point T. Show that, /(TP) /(TQ) = |
(x, - 8a) / y f + 4 a ^ Also show that, if R moves on the parabola, th e mid poi
nt of PQ lie on the parabola y2 = 2a(x + 2a). Q. 12 If Q (Xj, y,) is an arbitrar
y point in the plane of a parabola y2 = 4ax, show that there are three points on
the parabola at which OQ subtends a right angle, where O is the origin . Show f
urhter that the normal at these three points are concurrent at a point R edeterm
ine the coordinates of R in terms of those of Q. Q. 13 PC is the normal a t P to
the parabola y2 = 4ax, C being on the axis. CP is produced outwards to Q so tha
t PQ = CP; show that the locus of Q is a parabola, & that the locus of the inter
section of the tangents at P & Q to the parabola on which they lie is y2 ( x + 4
a) + 16 a3 = 0. Q. 14 Show that the locus of the middle points of a variabl e ch
ord of the parabola y2 = 4ax such that the focal distances of its extremitie s a
re in the ratio 2 :1, is 9(y2 - 2ax)2 = 4a2(2x - a)(4x + a). Q. 15 A quadrila te
ral is inscribed in a parabola y 2 =4ax and three of its sides pass throughfix e
dpoints on the axis. Show that the fourth side also passes throughfixedpoint on
the axis of the parabola. Q. 16 Prove that the parabola y2 = 16x & the circle x
2 + y2 - 40x - 16y - 48 = 0 meet at the point P(36,24) & one other point Q. Prov
e that PQ is a diameter of the circle. Find Q. ^Bansal Classes Conic Section (P
arabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [13]
Q.17 A variable tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax meets the circle x2 + y2 = r2 a

t P & Q. Prove that the locus of the mid point of PQ is x(x2 + y2) + ay2 = 0. Q.
18 Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to chord o f
the parabola y2 = 4ax subtending an angle of 45 at the vertex. Q.19 Show that t
he locus of the centroids of equilateral triangles inscribed in the parabola y2
= 4ax is the parabola 9y2 - 4ax + 32 a2 = 0. Q.20 The normals at P, Q, R on the
parabola y2 = 4ax meet in a point on the line y = k. Prove that the sides of the
triangle PQR touch the parabola x2 - 2ky - 0 . Q.21 Afixedparabola y2 = 4 ax to
uches a variable parabola. Find the equation t o the locus of the vertex of the
variable parabola. Assume that the two parabola s are equal and the axis of the
variable parabola remains parallel to the x-axis . Show that the circle through
three points the normals at which to the parabola y 2 =4ax are concurrent at the
point (h, k) is 2(x2 + y2) - 2(h + 2a) x - ky = 0. Prove that the locus of the
centre of the circle, which passes through the ve rtex of the parabola y2 = 4ax
& through its intersection with a normal chord is 2y2 = ax - a2. Q.22 Q.23 Q.24
The sides of a triangle touch y2 = 4ax and two of its angular points lie on y2 =
4b(x + c). Show that the locus of the third angular point is a2y2 = 4(2b a)2.(a
x + 4bc) Q.25 Three normals are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax cos a from any po
int lying on the straight line y = b sin a. Prove that the locus of the o rthoce
ntre of the traingles formed by the corresponding tangents x2 y 2 is the e llips
e + ~ = 1, the angle a being variable, a b EXERCISE-III Q. 1 Q. 2 Q. 3 Q. 4 Find
the locus of the point of intersection of those normals to the parabola x2 = 8
^ which are at right angles to each other. [REE '97,6] T he angle between a pair
oftangents drawn from a point P to the parabola y2 = 4ax is 45. Show that the lo
cus of the point P is a hyperbola. [ JEE '98,8] The ordin ates of points P and Q
on the parabola y2 = 12x are in the ratio 1:2. Find the l ocus of the point of
intersection of the normals to the parabola at P and Q. [ R EE '98,6] Find the e
quations of the common tangents of the circle x2 + y2 - 6y + 4 _= 0 and the para
bola y2 = x. [ REE '99,6 ] Q.5(a) If the line x - 1 = 0 is the directrix of the
parabola y 2 - k x + 8 = 0 then one of the values of' k' is (A) 1/8 (B) 8 (C) 4
' (D) 1/4 (b) If x + y = k is normal to y2 = 12 x, then' k' is : (A) 3 (B) 9 (C)
-9 Q.6 [JEE'2000 (Scr), 1+1 ] (D) - 3 Find the locus of the points of intersecti
on of tangents-drawn at the ends of al l normal chords ofthe parabola y2 = 8(x 1). [REE '2001,3] Q.7(a) The equation of the common tangent touching the circle
(x - 3)2 + y2 = 9 and the parabola y 2 =4x above the x-axis is ( A ) ^ y = 3x+1
(B) V^y = -(x + 3) (C) ^ y = x + 3 (D) ^ y = -(3x + 1) ^B ansaIClasses Conic Se
ction (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17] \
(b) The equation of the directrix of the parabola, y2 + 4y + 4x + 2 = 0 is (A) x

= - 1 (B) x = 1 (C)X = ~| ( D ) X = | [JEE'2001(Scr), 1+1] Q.8 The locus of the
mid-point of the line segment joining the focus to a moving point on the parabo
la y2 = 4ax is another parabola with di rectrix [ JEE'2002 (Scr.), 3 ] (A) x = a Q.9 (B)x = - | (C) x = 0 (D)x=| [JEE' 2002 (Scr), 3] The equation of the comm
on tangent to the curves y2 = 8x and xy=-1 is (A) 3y = 9 x + 2 (B)y = 2x+1 (C) 2
y = x + 8 (D) y = x + 2 Q.l0(a) The slope of the focal chords of the parabola y2
= 16x which are tangent s to the circle (x - 6)2 + y2 = 2 are (A) 2 (B)-1/2,2 (
C)l (D)-2,1/2 [JEE'2003, ( Scr.)] (b) Normals are drawn from the point 'P' with s
lopes m,, m2, m3 to the pa rabola y 2 =4x. If locus of P with m s m2 = a is a pa
rt of the parabola itself t hen find a. [JEE 2003,4 out of 60] Q. 11 The angle b
etween the tangents drawn fr om the point (1,4) to the parabola y2 = 4x is (A) 7
T/2 (B) 7T/3 (C) 7I/4 (D) TC/ 6 [JEE 2004, (Scr.)] Q. 12 Let P be a point on the
parabola y2 - 2y - 4x + 5 = 0 , such that the tangent on the parabola at P inte
rsects the directrix at point Q . Let R be the point that divides the line segme
nt QP externally in the ratio 1: 1. Find the locus of R. [JEE 2004,4 out of 60]
Q. 13(a) The axis of parabola is along the line y=x and the distance of vertex f
rom origin is J 2 and that from its focus is 2 v2 If vertex and focus both lie
i n the 1st quadrant, then the equation of the parabola is (A) (x + y)2 = (x - y
2) (C) (x - y)2 = 4(x + y - 2) (B)(x-y) 2 = (x + y - 2 ) (D) (x - y)2 = 8(x + y
- 2) [JEE 2006,3] (b) The equations of common tangents to the parabola y = x2 a
nd y = - (x - 2)2 is/are (A)y = 4(x-1) (B) y = 0 (C)y = - 4 ( x - l ) (D)y = - 3
0 x 5 0 [JEE 2006,5] (c) Match the following Normals are drawn at points P, Q a
nd R lying on the parabola y2 = 4x which intersect at (3,0). Then (i) Area of AP
QR ( A) 2 (ii) Radius ofcircumcircle of APQR (B)5/2 (iii) Centroid of APQR (C) (
5/2,0 ) (iv) Circumcentre of APQR (D) (2/3,0) [JEE 2006,6] ^B ansaIClasses Conic
Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
ELLIPSE KEYCONCEPTS 1. STANDARD EQUATION & DEFINITIONS: Standard equation of an

ellipse referred to its principal axes along the co-ordinate axes is + a 2 b2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 Where a > b & b = a (l - e ) => a - b = a e . Where e = eccentricity
(0 < e < 1). FOCI: S = (ae 0)&S' = ( - a e 0). EQUATIONS OF DIRECTRICES: a p x
= & x e VERTICES: A' = ( - a, 0) & A = (a, 0). MAJOR AXIS : The line segment A' A
in which the foci S' & S lie is of length 2a & is called the major axis (a > b)
of the ellipse. Point of intersection of major axis with directrix is called th
e foot of the directrix (z). MINOR AXIS: The y-axis intersects the ellipse in th
e points B ' s (0, - b ) & B = (0, b). The line segment B'B of length 2b (b < a)
is called the Minor Ax is of the ellipse. PRINCIPAL AXIS: The major & minor axi
s together are called Pr incipal Axis of the ellipse. CENTRE: The point which bi
sects every chord of the conic drawn through it is called the centre of the coni
c. C = (0,0) the origin i s the centre of the ellipse _ + X = i. a 2 b2 DIAMETER
: A chord of the conic whi ch passes through the centre is called a diameter of
the conic. FOCAL CHORD: A c hord which passes through a focus is called a focal
chord. DOUBLE ORDINATE: A ch ord perpendicular to the major axis is called a dou
ble ordinate. LATUSRECTUM: Th e focal chord perpendicular to the major axis is c
alled the latus rectum. Length of latus rectum 2 (minor axis) 2 x 2 b 2s ^ ,> ,
(LL) = = = 2a(l - e )=2e (dist ance from focus to the corresponding directrix) a
major axis 2 2 2 2 = j. a e NOTE: (i) The sum of the focal distances of any poi
nt on the ellipse is equal to the maj or Axis. Hence distance of focus from the
extremity of a minor axis is equal to semi major axis. i.e. BS = CA. (ii) If the
equation of the ellipse is g iven as 2L_ + that a> b. - 1 & nothing is mentione
d' then the rule is to assume Bansal Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, H
yperbola) [10]
2. POSITION OFA POINT w.r.t. AN ELLIPSE l The point P(x, y,) lies outside, insid
e or on the ellipse according as; + L- 1 > < or=0. a b X V 3. AUXILIARY CIRCLE /
ECCENTRIC ANGLE: A circle described on major axis as diameter is called the auxi
liary circle. Let Q be a point on the auxiliary circle x2 + y2 = a2 such that QP
produced is p erpendicular to the x-axis then P & Q are called as the CORRESPON
DING POINTS on the ellipse & the auxiliary circle respectively '9' is called the
ECCENTRIC ANGL E ofthe point P on the ellipse (0 < 9 < 2 Tt). i'(PN) _ b _ Semi
minor axis Note that *(QN) a Semi major axis Hence " Iffromeach point of a circ
le perpendicular s are drawn upon a fixed diameter then the locus of the points
dividing these pe rpendiculars in a given ratio is an ellipse of which the given
circle is the aux iliary circle". PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION: y2 The equations x
= a cos 9 & y = b sin 9 together represent the ellipse + j - 1 . a b Where 9 is
a parameter. Note t hat if P(9) = (a cos 9, b sin 9) is on the ellipse then ; Q(
9) = (a cos 9, a sin 9) is on the auxiliary circle. LINE AND AN ELLIPSE : x y .
. . . The line y=mx+ c meets the ellipse r + r = 1 in two points real, coincident
or imaginary accordin g a b 2 2 2 2 as c is < = or > a m + b . x2 y2 Hence y = m
x + c is tangent to th e ellipse + j = 1 if c2 = a2m2 + b2. a b The equation to t
he chord of the ellipse joining two points with eccentric angles a & P is given
by x a+B y . a+B a-B cos h sm = cos a 2 b 2 2 TANGENTS: xx yy, i + J- = 1 is tangen
t to the ellipse at (Xj y,). x2 2 2 6. (i) Note :The figure formed by the tangen
ts at the extremities of latus rectum is rh oubus of area (ii) 2a e y = mx J a 2
m 2 +b
2 is tangent to the ellipse for all values of m. Note that there are two tangent
s to the ellipse having the same m, i.e. there ar e two tangents parallel to any
given direction. (iii) (iv) (v) + = j is tangent to the ellipse at the point (a
cos 9, b sin 9). a b The eccentri c angles of point of contact of two parallel t
angents differ by Tt. Conversely i f the difference between the eccentric angles
of two points is p then the tangen ts at these points are parallel. q +p cos a+
J3 sin 2 Point of intersection of th e tangents at the point a & P is a - q-p q3 COS cos ^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
7. (i) (ii) (iii) 8. NORMALS : Equation of the normal at (x, y.) is a2x x, b2y =
a2 - b2 = a2e2. y, Equation of the normal at the point (acos 0' bsin 0) is; ax
sec 0 - by cosec 0 = (a2 - b2). Equation of a normal in terms of its slope'm' is
y=mx ( a )"L Va2.+ b 2 m 2 DIRECTOR CIRCLE: Locus of the point of intersection o
f the tangents which meet at right angles is called the Director Circle. The equ
ation to this locus is x2 + y2 = a2 + b2 i.e. a circle whose centre is the centr
e of the ellipse & w hose radius is the length of the line joining the ends of t
he major & minor axis . 9. Chord of contact, pair of tangents, chord with a give
n middle point, pole & pola r are to be interpreted as they are in parabola. 10.
DIAMETER: The locus of the middle points of a system of parallel chords with sl
ope'm' of an ellipse is a st raight line b2 passing through the centre of the el
lipse, called its diameter an d has the equation y = -r x. a~m X2 V 2 11. IMPORTAN
T HIGHLIGHTS : Refering to an ellipse r- + Ar = 1 2 2 H - 1 If P be any point on
the ellipse with S & S' as its a then i (SP) + i (S'P) = 2a. foci b H - 2 The pr
oduct of the length's of the p erpendicular segments from the foci on any tangen
t to the ellipse is b2 and the feet of these perpendiculars Y,Y' lie on its auxi
liary circle.The tangents at th ese feet to the auxiliary circle meet on the ord
inate of P and that the locus of their point of intersection is a similiar ellip
se as that ofthe original one. A lso the lines joining centre to the feet of the
perpendicular Y and focus to the point of contact of tangent are parallel. H 3 If the normal at any point P on the ellipse with centre C meet the maj or & mi
nor axes in G & g respectively & if CF be perpendicular upon this normal' then (
i) PF. PG = b2 (ii) PF. Pg = a2 ( iii) PG.Pg = SP. S'P (iv) CG. CT = CS2 (v) loc
us ofthe mid point of Gg is anothe r ellipse having the same eccentricity as tha
t of the original ellipse, [where S and S' are the focii of the ellipse and T is
the point where tangent at P meet the major axis] H - 4 The tangent & normal at
a point P on the ellipse bisect th e external & internal angles between the foc
al distances of P. This refers to th e well known reflection property of the ell
ipse which states that rays from one focus are reflected through other focus & v
ice-versa. Hence we can deduce that t he straight lines joining each focus to th
e foot of the perpendicularfromthe oth er focus upon the tangent at any point P
meet on the normal PG and bisects it wh ere G is the point where normal at P mee
ts the major axis. H - 5 The portion of the tangent to an ellipse between the po
int of contact & the directrix subtends a right angle at the corresponding focus
. H - 6 The circle on any focal distance as diameter touches the auxiliary circl
e. H - 7 Perpendicularsfromthe centre up on all chords which join the ends of an
y perpendicular diameters of the ellipse are of constant length. H - 8 If the ta
ngent at the point P of a standard ellips e meets the axis in T and t and CY is
the perpendicular on it from the centre th en, (i) T t. P Y = a2 - b2 and (ii) l
east value of Tt is a + b. Suggested proble ms from Loney: Exercise-32 (Q.2 to 7
,11,12,16,24), Exercise-33 (Important) (Q.3, 5, 6, 15, 16, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 3
4), Exercise-35 (Q.2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15 ) ^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (Pa
rabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
EXERCISE-II Q. 1 Q.2 Find the equation of the ellipse with its centre (1,2), foc
us at (6,2) and passing through the point (4,6). The tangent at any point P of a
circle x2 + y2 = a2 meets the tangent at a fixed point A (a, 0) in T and T is j
oined to B, the other end of the diameter through A, prove that the locus of the
intersectio n ofAP and BT is an ellipse whose ettentricity is Q. 3 Q.4 Q.5 . Th
e tangent at the point a on a standard ellipse meets the auxiliary circle in t w
o points which subtends a right angle at the centre. Show that the eccentricity
ofthe ellipse is (1 + sin2a)"1/2. An ellipse passes through the points ( - 3,1)
& (2, -2) & its principal axis are along the coordinate axes in order. Find its
equation. If any two chords be drawn through two points on the major axis of an
ellipse equidistant from the a B v 8 centre, show that tan -tan -tan -tan = 1, w
here a, B, y, S are the eccentric angles of the extremities of the chords. 2 2 2
2 Q.6 x2 y2 Ifthe normals at the points P,Q,R with eccentric angles a, p, yon t
he elli pse + =1 are concurrent, a b then show that sin a sinP siny cos a cosp co
sy sin 2 a sin2p sin2y Q. 7 2 V2 Prove that the equation to the circle, having d
ouble contact with the ellip se X h = 1 at the ends of a 2 b2 2 2 3 2 2 4 a latu
s rectum, is x + y - 2ae x = a (1 - e - e ). Q. 8 Q.9 Tr r, \\ . X2 y 2 Find the
equations of the lines with equal intercepts on the axes & which touch the elli
pse + = 1. ' 16 V ,CH<?CKl \r\ IVe n r o S n The tangent at P 4 co s 6, - j = s i
n 9 to the ellipse 16x2 + 1 ly2 = 256 is also a tangent to the ci rcle v ,2 ,l
VI1 y ft J a c k p o t J x + y - 2x - 15 = 0. Find 6. Find also the equat ion to
the common tangent. 2 2 W o ( ; 11 4 x y "cKeQk i d . + fâJ. /uj Q.IO A t angent
having slope to the ellipse + = 1, intersects the axis of x & y in points A & B
3 18 32 respectively. If O is the origin,findthe area of triangle OAB. Q.ll ' '
O' is the origin & also the centre of two concentric circles having radii of th
e inner & the outer circle as 'a' & 'b' respectively. A line OPQ is drawn to cut
the inner circle in P & the outer circle in Q, PR is drawn parallel to the y-ax
is & QR is drawn parallel to the x-axis. Prove that the locus of R is an ellips
e touching the two circles. Ifthe focii of this ellipse lie on the inner circle,
f indthe ratio of inner: outer radii &findalso the eccentricity of the ellipse.
QI12 ABC is an isosceles triangle with its base BC twice its altitude. Apoint P
moves within the triangle such o * that the square of its distancefromBC is half
the rectangle contained by its distancesfromthe two sides. [2 Show that the loc
us of P is an ellipse with eccentricity J passing through B & C. ^Bansal Classes
Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [13]
^ Q.13 Let d be the perpendicular distance from the centre of the ellipse + ~2 =
1 to the tangent drawn at a a2 ' b point P on the ellipse.If F, & F2 are the tw
o foci of the ellipse, then show that (PF, - PF2)2=4a*'1\ \ Xz y Q.14 Common tan
gents are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4x & the ellipse 3x2 + 8y2 = 48 t ouching t
he parabola at A & B and the ellipse at C & D. Find the area of the qua drilater
al. , o)' Q-l 5 If the normal at a point P on the ellipse of semi axes a, b & ce
ntre C cut s the major & minor axes at G & g, show that a2. (CG)2 + b2. (Cg)2 =
(a2 - b2)2. Also prove that CG = e2CN, where PN is the ordinate ofP. Q 1 6 x2 y2
Prove that the length of the focal chord of the ellipse + ~ = 1 which is i ncli
ned to the maj or axis at a" b angle 9 is ^ 5 ~ 5. a sin 0 + b cos 0 2ab2 . > x 2
v2 Q.17 The tangent at a point P on the ellipse + - - j = 1 intersects the m aj
or axis in T & N is the foot of the a b perpendicular from P to the same axis. S
how that the circle on NT as diameter intersects the auxiliary circle orthogon a
lly. Q.18 x2 y 2 The tangents from (x, y,) to the ellipse + ~ = 1 intersect at r
ight angles. Show that the normals at a b x y the points of contact meet on the
line = . Yi x i x 2 y2 Find the locus of the point the chord of contact of the t
angent drawn from which to the ellipse + - = 1 a b touches the circle x2 + y2 =
c2, where c < b < a. 2 2 v Q.20 Prove that the three ellipse j + j = 1 af bf 2 a2
b2 x2 y2 1 and + -- = 1 will have a common tangent 1 if a a2 2 b 1 = 0. b2 1 EXER
CISE-II Q.l PG is the normal to a standard ellipse at P, G being on the maj or a
xis. GP is produced outwards to Q so 2 2 that PQ = GP Show that the locus of Q i
s an ellipse whose eccentricity is a
- b & find the equation a 2 +b 2 of the locus of the intersection of the tangent
s at P & Q. Q.2 Q.3 P & Q are the corresponding points on a standard ellipse &
its auxiliary circle. The tangent at P to the ellipse meets the major axis in T.
Prove that QT touche s the auxiliary circle. x2 y 2 : 1 is joined to the ends A
, A' ofthe major axis. Ifthe lines through The point P on the ellipse + a b" P pe
rpendicular to PA, PA' meet the major axis in Q and R then prove that /(QR) = le
ngth of latus rectum. ^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbol
a) [17]
Q.4 X2 V 2 Let S and S' are the foci, SL the semilatus rectum of the ellipse + a
nd L S' produced cuts the a b (1-e 2 ) ellipse at P, show that the length of the
ordi nate of the ordinate of P is y a, where 2a is the length l + 3e of the maj
or axi s and e is the eccentricity of the ellipse. X2 V 2 A tangent to the ellip
se + Ar = 1 touches at the point P on it in the first quadrant & meets the a b c
oordina te axis in A & B respectively. If P divides AB in the ratio 3 :1 find th
e equati on of the tangent. X2 V 2 PCP' is a diameter of an ellipse + = i (a > b
) & QCQ' is the corresponding diameter of the a b~ auxiliary circle, show that t
he area o f the parallelogram formed by the tangent at P, P', Q & Q' is 8a2b whe
re (j) is the eccentric angle of the point P. (a-b)sin 2<j) x2 v2 If the normal
at the poi nt P(9) to the ellipse + = 1, intersects it again at the point Q(20),
14 5 show t hat cos 9 = - (2/3). x2 y2 A normal chord to an ellipse y + Ar = 1 ma
kes an angle of 45 with the axis. Prove that the square of a b its length is equa
l to 32aV + Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 x2 v 2 If (x^ y,) & (x2, y2) are two points on t
he ellipse + 2 = 1, the tangents at which meet in a2 b (h, k) & the normals in (
p, q), prove that a2p=e2hx, x2 a nd b 4 q=- e2ky,y2a2 where 'e' is the eccentric
ity. x2 y 2 A normal inclined at 45 to the axis ofthe ellipse + = 1 is drawn. It
meets the x-axis & the y-axis in P a b & Q respectively. If C is the centre ofth
e ellipse, show that the area of triangle C.PQ is sq. units. 2(a +b ) fa2 Q.IO b2)2 Q.ll , V a +b . Prove that they b2 intercept on the ordinate through the nea
rer focus a distance equal to the major axis. a2 b2 x 2 v2 P and Q are the point
s on the e llipse If the chord P and Q touches the ellipse a b 4 X 2 y 2 4x , pr
ove that se ca+sec(3=2 where a, (3 are the eccentric angles of the points P and
Q. a2 b2 a x 2 y2 A straight line AB touches the ellipse + 2 = 1 & the circle x2
+ y2 = r2 ; where a > r > b. a b A focal chord ofthe ellipse, parallel to AB in
tersects the circle in P & Q, find the length ofthe perpendicular drawn from the
centre of t he ellipse to PQ. Hence show that PQ = 2b. Show that the area ofa s
ector of the standard ellipse in thefirstquadrant between the maj or axis and a
line drawn th rough the focus is equal to 1/2 ab (9 - e sin 9) sq. units, where
9 is the eccen tric angle of the point to which the line is drawn through the fo
cus & e is the eccentricity of the ellipse. Tangents are drawn to the ellipse 2
+
.,2 = 1fromthe point . .2 a 2 \ 2 Q.12 Q.13 Q.14 ^B ansaIClasses Conic Section (

Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [17]
Q. 15 A ray emanating from the point ( - 4,0) is incident on the ellipse 9x2 + 2
5y2 = 225 at the point P with abscissa 3. Find the equation of the reflected ra
y after first reflection. x2 y2 Q. 16 If p is the length of the perpendicularfro
m the focus' S' of the ellipse - + = 1 on anv tangent at 'P', , i , b2 2a , then
sh ow thatT = 1. 2 p *(SP) a b x2 y2 Q. 17 In an ellipse j + = 1, nt and n^ are th
e lengths of two perpendicular normals terminated at the maj or a b 1 + 1 a2+b2
axi s then prove that: ~T ~2 ~ z n, n 2 b x2 y2 Q. 18 If the tangent at any point
of an ellipse + ~ r = 1 makes an angle a with the major axis and an angle a b P
with the focal radius of the p oint of contact then show that the eccentricity '
e' of the ellipse is given by c osP the absolute value of . cos a x2 y2 Q. 19 Us
ing the fact that the product of the perpendiculars from either foci of an ellip
se + ~ = 1 upon a a b 2 tangent is b , deduce the following loci. An ellipse wit
h 'a' & 'b' as the lengths of it s semi axes slides between two given straight l
ines at right angles to one anoth er. Show that the locus of its centre is a cir
cle & the locus of its foci is the curve, (x2 + y2) (x2 y2 + b4) = 4 a2 x2 y2. x
2 y2 Q.20 If tangents are drawn to the ellipse + = \ intercept on the x-axis a c
onstant length c, prove that a2 b the locus of the point of intersection of tang
ents is the curve 4y2 (b2x2 + a2y2 - a2b2) = c2 (y2 - b2)2. EXERCISE i n Q.l Q.2
If tangent drawn at a point (t , 2t) on the parabola y2 = 4x is same as the nor
mal drawn at a point (V5 cos <> 2 sin < ) on the ellipse 4x2 + 5y2 = 20. Find th
e values of t & <> {, > | j. 2 2 2 2 2 [ REE '96,6 ] A tangent to the ellipse x
+ 4y = 4 meets the ellipse x + 2y = 6 at P & Q. Prove that the tangents at P & Q
of the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 are at right angles. [ J EE '97, 5 ] Q.3(i) The num
ber of values of c such that the straight line y = 4x + c touches the curve (x2/
4) + y2 = 1 is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite (ii) If P = (x, y), F, = (3, 0),
F2 = (-3, 0) and 16x2 + 25y2 = 400, then PFj + PF2 equals (A) 8 (B ) 6 (G)1.0 (D
) 12 [ JEE '98,2 + 2 ] Q.4(a) If Xj, x2, x3 as well as y,, y2, y3 a re in G.P. w
ith the same common ratio, then the points (x,, yj), (x 2 ,y 2 )&(x 3 ,y 3 ): (A
) lie on a straight line (B) lie on on ellipse (C) lie on a circle ( D) are vert
ices of a triangle, (b) On the ellipse, 4x2 + 9y2 = 1, the points at which the t
angents are parallel to the line 8x = 9y are: / 2 1 \ - 1 > ' 2 1N ' 2 O '2 (A)
(B) ~ (C) - - , - (D) 5 5 5 5 5/ v5' \ 5 5 J -> fa B ansa I Classes C onic Secti
on (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [21]
(c) Consider the family of circles, x2 + y2 = r 2 ,2 < r < 5. If in the first qu

adrant, the common tangent to a circle of the family and the ellipse 4 x2 + 25
y 2 = 100 meets the co-ordinate axes at A & B, then find the equation of the loc
us ofthe mid-point ofAB. [ JEE '99,2 + 3 + 10 (out of 200) ] Q.5 Q.6 Find the eq
ua tion of the largest circle with centre (1,0) that can be inscribed in the ell
ips e x2 + 4y2 =16. [REE'99,6] Let ABC be an equilateral triangle inscribed in t
he c ircle x2 + y2 = a2. Suppose perpendiculars from A, x2 y 2 B, C to the major
axis of the ellipse, - y + - y = 1, (a > b) meet the ellipse respectively at P,
Q, R so that a b P, Q, R lie on the same side of the major axis as A, B, C resp
ectiv ely. Prove that the normals to the ellipse drawn at the points P, Q and R
are co ncurrent. [ JEE '2000,7] Q.7 Q.8 Let C, and C2 be two circles with C2 lyi
ng insi de C r A circle C lying inside C, touches C j internally and C2externall
y. Ident ify the locus of the centre of C. [ JEE '2001,5] 2 2 x y Find the condi
tion so t hat the line px + qy = r intersects the ellipse y + y = 1 in points whos
e a b 7t e ccentric angles differ by . [ REE '2001,3 ] Prove that, in an ellipse,
the perpen dicular from a focus upon any tangent and the line joining the centr
e of the ell ipse to the point of contact must on the corresponding directrix. [
JEE' 2002, 5 ] Q. 9 Q.l0(a) The area of the quadrilateral formed by the tangent
s at the ends of the latus rectum of the x2 y2 ellipse + = 1 is 9 5 (A)9^3 sq.uni
ts (B)27-\/3 sq.units (C)27sq.units (D)none cos 9, sin 9), (b) The value of 6 fo
r which the sum of in tercept on the axis by the tangent at the point 0 < 9 < 7t
/2 on the ellipse + y = 1 is least, is : <A)? Q.ll Tt X2 2 <B)? Tt (QTt (D)[JEE'
2003 (Screening)] Tt The locus ofthe middle point of the intercept of the tangen
ts drawnfroman extern al point to the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 2, between the coordina
tes axes, is i?V=l < c >l?v =1 (D) 2?+7=i = 1 and coordinate axes is [JEE 200
4 (Screening)] x2 y2 Q. 12(a) The minimum area of triangle formed by the tangent
to the ellipse y + (A) ab sq. units a 2 +b 2 . ^ (a + b)2 . / T a 2 + a b + b2 (
B) - sq. units (C) sq. units (D) sq. units [JEE 2005 (Screening)] (b) Find the e
quation of the common tangent in 1st quadra nt to the circle x2 + y2 = 16 and th
e ellipse x2 y 2 + = 1. Also find the length of the intercept of the tangent bet
ween the coordinate axes. [JEE 2005 (Mains),
4] fa B ansa I Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [21]
KEY CONCEPTS (HYPERBOLA) The HYPERBOLA is a conic whose eccentricity is greater

than unity, (e > 1). STAN DARD EQUATION & DEFINITION(S) Standard equation of the
hyperbola is 2 2 2 L _ l L = i. Whereb2 = a 2 ( e 2 - 1) a b or a2 e2 = a2 + b2
i.e. e2 = 1 + 1+ CA T.A S ' = ( - ae, 0). a . e & A ' = ( - a, 0). : V = (ae, b
/a) x 2 FOCI: S s (ae, 0) & EQUATIONS OF DIRECTRICES: x= e & x= V E R T I C E S
: A = (a, 0 ) / (Latus rectum) 2b2 _ (C.A.)2 T.A. 2a (e2 - 1). Note: / (L.R.) =
2e (distance from focus to the corresponding directrix) TRANSVE RSE Axis : The
line segment A'A of length 2a in which the foci S' & S both lie i s called the T
. A . O F T H E HYPERBOLA. CONJUGATE AXIS : The line segment B'B between the tw
o points B' = (0, - b) & B s (0, b) is call ed as = t h e C . A . O F T H E HYPE
RBOLA. 2. 3. The T.A. & the C.A. of the hyperbola are together called the Princi
pal axes of t he hyperbola. FOCAL PROPERTY: The difference of the focal distance
s of any point on the hyperbola is constant and equal to transverse axis i.e. ||
PS | - |PS' 1 = 2a. The distance SS' = focal length. 1 CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA: Two
hyperbolas suc h that transverse & conjugate axes of one hyperbola are respectiv
ely the conjuga te & the transverse axes of the other are called CONJUGATE HYPER
BOLAS of each ot her. 2 2 & X2 V 2 eg. V2 V 2 * - + = 1 are conjugate hyperbolas
of each. a b a 2 b2 Note Tha t: (a) If e,& e2 are the eccentrcities of the hyper
bola & its conjugate then ej 2 + e2 2 = 1. (b) (c) 4.
The foci of a hyperbola and its conjugate are concyclic and form the vertices of
a square. Two hyperbolas are said to be similiar if they have the same eccentri
city. RECTANGULAR OR EQUILATERAL HYPERBOLA: The particular kind of hyperbola in
which the lengths of the transverse & conjug ate axis are equal is called an EQ
UILATERAL HYPERBOLA. Note that the eccentricit y of the rectangular hyperbola is
-fl and the length of its latus rectum is equa l to its transverse or conjugate
axis. fa B ansa I Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [21]
5. AUXILIARY CIRCLE: y A circle drawn with centre C & TA. as a diameter is calle
d the AUXILIARY CIRCLE of the hyperbola. Equation ofthe auxiliary circle is x2 +
y2 = a2. Note from the figurethat P & Q are called t h e "CORRESPONDING POINTS
" o n t h e / P(a sec0, b tanB) \(a,0) N . (-aA 1 Xe i c (0,0) J A hyperbola & t
he auxiliary circle. '9' is called the eccentric angle of the point 'P' on the h
yperbola. (0<9<2tt). Note : The equations x = a sec 9 & y = b tan 9 together rep
resents the hyperbola X V =1 a 2 b2 where 9 is a parameter. The parametric equat
ions: x = a cos h <> j, y = b sin h < also represents the same hyperbola. J > Ge
neral Note : Since the fundamental e quation to the hyperbola only differs from
that to the ellipse in having - b2 in stead of b2 it will be found that many pro
positions for the hyperbola are derive d from those for the ellipse by simply ch
anging the sign of b2. 6. POSITION OFAP OINT'P'w.r.t. AHYPERBOLA: The quantity M
..2 2 = b or without the curve. i is positive, zero or negative according as th
e point (x, y,) lies within, upon LINE AND A HYPERBOLA: X 2 " V 2 8. (a) The str
aight line y=mx + c is a secant, a tangent or passes outside the hyperbol a + =
1 according as: c2 > = < a2 m2 - b2. a" b"1 TANGENTS AND NORMALS : TANGENT S: xx
, Equation of the tangent to the hyperbola x : 1 at the point (x^y,) is i. a- b
z ' "* a' b Note: In general two tangents can be drawnfroman external point (x,
y,) to the hyperbola and they are y - y, = m,(x - x,) & y - y, = m2(x - x2) , wh
ere m, & m2 are roots of the equation (x,2 - a2)m2 - 2 x ^ m + y ^ + b2 = 0. If
D < 0, then no tangent can be drawnfrom(x, y}) to the hyperbola. Equation of
the tangent to the hyperbola 2 (b) - ~ = 1 at the point (a sec 9, b tan 9) is 2

xsec9 ytan9 = 1. 6 9 sin cos i " 2 Note: Point of intersection ofthe tangents at
9, & 9? is x = a ,y=b 9,+9 2 9j+9 2 cos cos 9J + 9 , (c) (d) y = mx Va2m2 - bz
can be taken as the tangent to the hyperbola X" a z b2 Note th at there are two
parallel tangents having the same slope m. Equation of a chord joining a & p is
x a - B y , a + B11 a+B cos --sm = cos a 2 b 2 2 Conic Section ( Parabola, Ellips
e, Hyperbola) = 1. fa B ansa I Classes [21]
NORMALS: (a) (b) (c) 9. x2 y 2 The equation of the normal to the hyperbola z - =
1 at the point P(x,, y, ) on it is a b 2 2 ax by 2 , 2 2 2 + - = a - b =a e x i
Yi x2 y2 The equation of the normal at the point P (a sec9, b tanG) on the hyper
bola - - 2 _ = i is a 2 b 2 ax b X y = 2 + L2 = a2 e . 2 H a ,D sec B tan 9 Equat
ion to the chord of contac t, polar, chord with a given middle point, pair of ta
ngentsfroman external point is to be interpreted as in ellipse. CIRCLE: DIRECTOR
The locus of the intersection of tangents which are at right angles is known as
the DIRECTOR CIRCLE of the hyperbola. The equation to the director circle is: x
2 + y2 = a2 - b2. Ifb 2 <a 2 this circle is real; ifb 2 =a 2 the radius ofthe ci
r cle is zero & it reduces to a point circle at the origin. In this case the cen
tr e is the only pointfromwhich the tangents at right angles can be drawn to the
cu rve. If b2 > a2, the radius of the circle is imaginary, so that there is no
such circle & so no tangents at right angle can be drawn to the curve. 10. HIGHL
IGHTS ON TANGENT AND NORMAL: H-1 H-2 H-3 x 2 y2 Locus of the feet of the perpend
icular drawnfromfocus of the hyperbola = 1 upon any tangent a b is its auxiliary
circle i.e. x 2 +y 2 = a2 & the product of the feet of these perpendiculars is
b2 (semi C A)2 The portion of the tangent between the point of contact & the dir
ectrix subtends a right angle at the corr esponding focus. The tangent & normal
at any point of a hyperbola bisect the ang le between the focal radii. This spel
ls the reflection property of the hyperbola as "An incoming light ray " aimed to
wards one focus is reflected from the outer surface of the hyperbola towards the
other focus. It follows that if an ellipse and a hyperbola have the same foci,
they cut at right angles at any of their co mmon point. x 2 y2 x2 Note that the
ellipse + - 1 and the hyperbola a 2 b2 a2-k2 and therefore orthogonal. y Light r
ay f Tangent 0 . 3/ * S' ""pf\ J \ S v2 I = 1 (a > k > b > 0) Xare confocal k2-b2
H-4 11. The foci of the hyperbola and the points P and Q in which any tangent m
eets the
tangents at the vertices are concyclic with PQ as diameter of the circle. ASYMPT
OTES: Definition: If the length of the perpendicular let fallfroma point on a hy
perbol a to a straight line tends to zero as the point on the hyperbola moves to
infini ty along the hyperbola, then the straight line is called the Asymptote o
f the Hy perbola. To find the asymptote of the hyperbola: x2 y2 Let y = mx + c i
s the asy mptote of the hyperbola = j = 1. L 1) Solving these two we get the quad
ratic as ( b 2 - a2m2) x 2 - 2a2 mcx - a2 (b2 + c2) = 0 ....(1) fa B ansa I Clas
ses Conic S ection (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [21]
In ch 2b y y=o B A' yc \ A
order that y = mx + c be an asymptote, both roots of equation (1) must approa in
finity, the conditions for which are: coeff of x2 = 0 & coeff of x = 0. b b a2m2
0 o r m = + & a a2 mc 0 => c = 0. x y equations of asymptote are + = 0 a and a
b combined equation to the asymptotes j -0.
( a, 0) Note PARTICULAR CASE: When b = a the asymptotes ofthe rectangular hyperb
ola. x2 - y2 = a2 are, y = x which are at right angles. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Equi
lateral hyperbola < > rectangular hyperbola. = If a hyperbola is equilateral the
n the conjugate hyperbola is also equilateral. A hyperbola and its conjugate hav
e the same asymptote. The equation ofthe pair of asymptotes differ the hyper bol
a & the conjugate hyperbola by the same constant only. The asymptotes pass th ro
ugh the centre of the hyperbola & the bisectors of the angles between the (v) as
ymptotes are the axes of the hyperbola. (vi) The asymptotes of a hyperbola are t
he diagonals of the rectangle formed by the lines drawn through the extremitie s
of each axis parallel to the other axis. (vii) Asymptotes are the tangent to t
he hyperbola from the centre. ( ii A simple method to find the coordinates of th
e centre of the hyperbola expressed as a general equation vi) of degree 2 shoul
d be remembered as: Let f (x, y) = 0 represents a hyperbola. Find & . Then the p
o int of intersection of = 0 & = 0 ox dy ox dy gives the centre of the hyperbola
. 12. H-l H-2 H-3 HIGHLIGHTS ON ASYMPTOTES: If from any point on the asymptote a
straight line be drawn perpendicular to the transverse axis, the product of the
segments of this line, intercepted between the point & the curve is always equa
l to the square of the semi conjugate axis. Perpendicular from the foci on eithe
r asymptote meet i t in the same points as the corresponding directrix & the com
mon points of inter section lie on the auxiliary circle. x2 y2 The tangent at an
y point P on a hyper bola y - ~ = 1 with centre C, meets the asymptotes in Q and
R a b and cuts off a A CQR of constant area equal to ab from the asymptotes & th
e portion of the tang ent intercepted between the asymptote is bisected at the p
oint of contact. This implies that locus of the centre ofthe circle circumscribi
ng the A CQR in case o f a rectangular hyperbola is the hyperbola itself & for a
standard hyperbola the locus would be the curve, 4(a2x2 - b2y2) = (a2+b2)2. If
the angle between the a symptote of a hyperbola 1 is 20 then e = secG. [21]
H-4 fa B ansaI Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola)
13. (a) (b) (c) RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA: Rectangular hyperbola referred to its asy
mptotes as axis of coordinates. Equation is xy = c2 with parametric representati
on x = ct, y = c /t, t e R - {0}. Equation of a chord joining the points P (tj)
& Q(t2) is x + tj t2y = c(t, +12) with slope m = . t,t 2 X V X Equation ofthe ta
ngent at PCXj'y,) is + = 2 &atP(t)is + ty = 2c. x, y, t (d) (e) Equation of norma
l: y = t2(x - ct) Chord with a given middle point as (h, k) is kx + hy = 2hk. Su
ggested problems from Loney: Exercise-36 (Q.l to 6, 16, 22), Exercise-37 (Q.l, 3
, 5, 7, 12) EXERCISE-I Q.l Q. 2 Find the equation to the hyperbola whose directr
ix is 2x+y= 1, focus (1 ,1)&eccentricity V3 Find also the length of its latus re
ctum. 2 y2 The hyperbola = 1 passes through the point of intersection of the lin
es, 7x +13y - 87 = 0 and a 2 b2 5x - 8y + 7 = 0 & the latus rectum is 32 V2 /5.
Find 'a' & V. = 1 prove that 2 100 25 (i) eccentricity=75/2 (ii) SA. S'A=25, whe
re S & S' are the foci & Ais the vertex. For the hyperbola Find the centre, the
foci, the directrices, t he length of the latus rectum, the length & the equatio
ns of the axes & the asym ptotes of the hyperbola 16x2 - 9y2 + 32x + 36y -164 =
0. 2 v2 The normal to the hyperbola x = 1 drawn at an extremity of its latus rec
tum is parallel to an a 2 b2 asymptote. Show that the eccentricity is equal to t
he square root of (1 X Q. 3 2 V 2 Q. 4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 If a rectangular hyperbola ha
ve the equation, xy = c2, prove that the locus of t he middle points of the chor
ds of constant length 2d is (x2 + y2)(x y - c2) = d2 xy. A triangle is inscribed
in the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2. Prove that the perpendiculars to the side
s at the points where they meet the asymptotes are co ncurrent. If the point of
concurrence is (x,, y,) for one asymptote and (x2, y2) for the other, then prove
that x2y , = c2. v The tangents & normal at a point o nx = j cut the y - axis a
t A & B. Prove that the circle on AB 2 a b2 as diameter passes through the foci
of the hyperbola. 2 2 Q. 8 Q. 9 Find the equation ofthe tangent to the hyperbola
x2 4y2=36 which is perpendicular to the line x - y+4=0. x2 2 v Q. 10 Ascertain t
he co-ordinates of the two point s Q & R. wrhere the tangent to the hyperbola =
l at 45 20 the point P(9,4) inter
sects the two asymptotes. Finally prove that P is the middle point of QR. Also c
ompute the area of the triangle CQR where C is the centre of the hyperbola. Q.l
l If 6j & 9, are the parameters of the extremities of a chord through (ae, 0) of
a hyperbola x 2 v2 i e-1 - 2 2 = 1, then show that tan-2L -tan^f- +e1- =0. 2 + a b
fa B ansa I Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [21]
Q.12 If C is the centre of a hyperbola 2 = 1, S, S' its foci and P a point on it.
a2 b 2 2 Prove that SP. S'P = CP - a + b2. Q.13 Tangents are drawn to the hyper
bola 3 x2 - 2y2 = 2 5 from the point (0,5/2). Find their equations. 2 2 Q.14 If
the tangent at the point (h, k) to the hyperbola X V = 1 cuts the aux iliary cir
cle in points whose a 2 b2 .2 2 ordinates are y, and y7 then prove that + = . y,
y2 k Q.15 Tangents are drawn from the point (a, (3) to the hyperbola 3x2 - 2y2
= 6 an d are inclined at angles 9 and < to the x -axis. If tan 9. tan (j) = 2, p
rove th at p2 = 2a 2 - 7. ) | Q.16 If two points P & Q on the hyperbola X2 V 2 =
1 whose centre is C be such that CP is perpendicular a 2 b2 2 Q.17 The perpendi
cular from the centre upon the normal on any point of the hyp erbolax R. Find th
e locus of R. a2 to CQ & a < b, then prove that + - = . CP2 CQ2 a 2 b2 2 v = 1 meets
at b2 x2 y2 Q.18 Ifthe normal to the hyperbola - - ~ = 1 at the point P meets the
trans verse axis in G & the conjugate a b axis in g & CF be perpendicular to th
e norma l from the centre C, then prove that IPF. PG | = b2 & PF. Pg=a2 where a
& b are the semi transverse & semi-conjugate axes of the hyperbola. Q.19 If the
normal a t a point P to the hyperbola - = 1 meets the x - axis at G, show that S
G = e. SP , a 2 b2 S being the focus of the hyperbola. Q.20 An ellipse has eccen
tricity 1/ 2 and one focus at the point P (1/2,1). Its one directrix is the comm
on tangent, nearer to the point P, to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 and the hyperbola x
2 - y2 = 1. Find the equation of the ellipse in the standard form. Q.21 Show tha
t the locus of the middle points of normal chords of the rectangular hyperbola x
2 - y2 = a2 is (y2 - x2)3 = 4 a2x2y2. 2 2 Q.22 Prove that infinite number of tri
angles can be inscribed in the rectangular hyperbola, x y=c 2 whose sides touch
the parabola, y2 = 4ax. Q.23 A point P div ides the focal length of the hyperbol
a 9x2 - 16y2 = 144 in the ratio S'P : PS = 2 :3 where S & S' are the foci of the
hyperbola. Through P a straight line is dr awn at an angle of 135 to the axis OX
. Find the points of intersection of this li ne with the asymptotes of the hyper
bola. x2 y2 Q.24 Find the length ofthe diamet er ofthe ellipse + = 1 perpendicul
ar to the asymptote ofthe hyperbola 25 9 X2 V 2 - ~ = 1 passing through the firs
t & third quadrants. 2 2 Q.25 The tangent at P on the hyperbola = 1 meets one of
the asymptote in Q. Show that the locus of a 2 b2 the mid point of PQ is a simil
iar hyperbola. fa B ansa I Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola)
[21]
EXERCISE-II Q. 1 Q.2 Q. 3 v The chord of the hyperbola x 2 = 1 whose equation is

x cos a + y sin a = p subtends a right angle a b2 at the centre. Prove that it
always touches a circle. If a chord joining the points P (a secG, a tanG) & Q (a
sec<j), a tan<j>) on the hyperbola x2 - y2 = a2 is a normal to it at P, then sh
owthat tan c) = tan G (4 sec2G - 1). ( Prove that the locus of the middle point
of the chord of contact of tangents from any point of the circle 2 2 f-2 (x 2 +
y 2 ) x y_ X V 2 2 2 x + y = r to the hyperbola - 2 = 1 is given by the equatio
n 2 i2 b r2 a2 b va j x2 v2 A transversal cuts the same branch of a hyperbola =
1 in P, P' and the asymptotes in Q, Q'. a b Prove that (i)PQ = P'Q' & (ii)PQ' =
P 'Q Find the asymptotes of the hyperbola 2x2 - 3xy - 2y2 + 3x - y + 8 = 0. Also
f ind the equation to the conjugate hyperbola & the equation of the principal a
xes of the curve. An ellipse and a hyperbola have their principal axes along the
co ordinate axes and have a common foci separated by a distance 2-Vl3 , the dif
fere nce of their focal semi axes is equal to 4. If the ratio of their eccentric
ities is 3/7. Find the equation of these curves. The asymptotes of a hyperbola a
re pa rallel to 2x + 3y = 0 & 3x + 2y = 0. Its centre is (1,2) & it passes throu
gh (5, 3). Find the equation of the hyperbola. Tangents are drawn from any point
on the rectangular hyperbola x2 - y2 = a2 - b2 to the ellipse x2 y2 j + r = 1. Pr
ove tha t these tangents are equally inclined to the asymptotes of the hyperbola
, a b Th e graphs of x2 + y2 + 6 x - 24 y + 72 = 0 & x2 - y2 + 6 x + 16 y - 46 =
0 inters ect at four points. Compute the sum of the distances of these four poi
nts from t he point (-3,2). 2 2 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q. 7 Q.8 Q.9 Q.10 Find the equations
of the tangents to the hyperbola x 2 - 9y2 = 9 that are drawn from (3,2). Find
the area of the triangle that these tangents form with th eir chord of contact.
Q. 11 A series of hyperbolas is drawn having a common tran sverse axis of length
2a. Prove that the locus of a point P on each hyperbola, s uch that its distanc
e from the transverse axis is equal to its distance from an asymtote, is the cur
ve (x2 - y2)2 = 4x2(x2 - a2). X2 " = 1, and V2 Q. 12 A paral lelogram is constru
cted with its sides parallel to the asymptotes ofthe hyperbol a a 2 b2 one of it
s diagonals is a chord of the hyperbola; show that the other d iagonal passes th
rough the centre. Q. 13 The sides of a triangle ABC, inscribed in a hyperbola xy
=c 2 , makes angles a, (3, y with an asymptote. Prove that the nomals at A, B, C
will meet in a point if cot2a + cot2p + cot2y = 0 Q. 14 A line through the orig
in meets the circle x 2 +y 2 = a2 at P & the hyperbola x2 - y 2 = a2 at Q. Prove
that the locus of the point of intersection of the tangent at P to the circle a
nd the tangent at Q to the hyperbola is curve a4(x2 - a2) + 4 x 2 y4 = 0. 2 2 Q.
15 A straight line is drawn parallel to the conjugate axis of a hyperbola X v =
\ to meet it and the a 2 b2 conjugate hyperbola in the points P & Q. Show that
the tangents at P & Q meet on the curve ( 2 2^ 4xz y4 y = and tha t the normals m
eet on the axis of x. i 2 b a 2 J a" ^Bansal Classes Conic Sectio n (Parabola, E
llipse, Hyperbola) [24]
Q.16 A tangent to the parabola x2 = 4 ay meets the hyperbola xy = k2 in two poin

ts P & Q. Prove that the middle point of PQ lies on a parabola. Q.17 Prove that
the part of the tangent at any point of the hvperbola = 1 intercepted between th
e a 2 b2 point of contact and the transverse axis is a harmonic mean between the
lengths of the perpendiculars drawnfromthe foci on the normal at the same point
. x2 y2 Q.18 Let 'p' be the perpendicular distance from the centre C of the hype
r bola - - = 1 to the tangent drawn at a point R on the hyperbola. If S & S' are
th e two foci of the hyperbola, then show that ( (RS + RS')2 = 4 a2 V P j Q.19 P
& Q are two variable points on a rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 such that the ta
nge nt at Q passes through the foot of the ordinate of P. Show that the locus of
the point of intersection of tangent at P & Q is a hyperbola with the same asymp
tote s as the given hyperbola. Q.20 Chords of the hyperbola = \ are tangents to
the c ircle drawn on the line joining the foci as a 2 b2 diameter. Find the locu
s of t he point of intersection of tangents at the extremities of the chords. X2
V 2 2 2 ^ 2 2 Q.21 From any point of the hyperbola X V = 1, tangents are drawn
to another hvperbola which has the a 2 b2 same asymptotes. Show that the chord o
f contact c uts off a constant area from the asymptotes. Q.22 The chord QQ' of a
hyperbola - ^ - = 1 is parallel to the tangent at P. PN, QM & Q' M' are a 2 b2
perpendiculars to an asymptote. Showthat QM Q' M' = PN2. Q.23 If four points be
taken on a rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 such that the ch ord joining any two is
perpendicular to the chord joining the other two and a, p , y, 5 be the inclina
tions to either asymptotes of the straight lines joining th ese points to the ce
ntre. Then prove that; tana tanp tany tanS = 1. Q.24 The nor mals at three point
s P, Q, R on a rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 intersect at a p oint on the curve.
Prove that the centre of the hyperbola is the centroid of the triangle PQR. 2 2
Q.25 Through any point P ofthe hyperbola ^ = l a line QPR is drawn with afixedg
radient m, meeting k a 2 b 2 (l + m 2 ) the asymptotes in Q & R. Show that the p
roduct, (QP) (PR)=, z , z, . b -a m a 2 2 EXERCISE-III Q. 1 Q.2 Find the locus of
the mid points of the chords of the circle x2 + y2 = 16, which are tangent to t
he hyperbola 9x2 - 16y2 = 144. [ REE '97,6 ] If the circle x2 + y2 = a2 intersec
ts the hyperbola xy = c2 in four points P(x1; y,), Q(x2, y2), R (x3,y3), S(x4, y
4), then ( A ) X , + X 2 + X3 + X4 = 0 (B)y,+y 2 + y3 + y4 = 0 ( C) Xj x2 x3 x4
= c4 (D) y i y 2 y 3 y 4 = c4 [ JEE'98,2 J Q.3 (a) The curve described parametri
cally by, x = t2 +1 + 1, y = t2 - 1 + 1 rep resents: (A) a parabola (B) an ellip
se (C) a hyperbola (D) a pair of straight li nes fa B ansa I Classes Conic Secti
on (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [21]
(b) Let P (a sec 9, b tan 9) and Q (a sec <j), b tan <j>), where 9 + (j) = , be t
wo p oints on the hyperbola X2 V 2 = 1. If (h, k) is the point of intersection o
f the normals at P & Q, then k is equal to: a 2 b2 a +b a 2 +b 2 (A) (B)(C) (D) 7
(c) If x = 9 is the chord of contact of the hyperbola x2 - y2 = 9, then the equ
ation of the corresponding pair of tangents, is: (A) 9x2 - 8y2 + 18x - 9 = 0 (B)
9x2 - 8y2 - 18x + 9 = 0 2 2 (C) 9x - 8y - 18x - 9 = 0 (D) 9x2 - 8y2 + 18x + 9 =
0 [ JEE '99,2 + 2 + 2 (out of 200)] The equation of the common tangent to the c
urve y2 = 8x and xy=-1 is (A) 3y = 9x + 2 (B)y = 2x+1 (C)2y = x + 8 (D)y = x + 2
[JEE 2002 Screening] 2 2 x y Given the family of hyperbols r = 1 for a e (0, rt
/2) w hich of the following does not cos a sin a change with varying a? (A) absc
issa o f foci (B) eccentricity (C) equations of directrices (D) abscissa of vert
ices [ JEE 2003 (Scr.)] The line 2x + p y = 2 is a tangent to the curve x2 - 2y2
= 4. T he point of contact is (A)(4,-V6) (B)(7,-2V6) (C) (2,3) X Q. 4 Q.5 Q.6 (
D)(^,l) V [JEE 2004 (Scr.)] 2 Q.7 Tangents are drawn from any point on the hyper
bola locus of midpoint of the chor d of contact. = 1 to the circle x2 + y2 = 9.
Find the [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4] 2 X2 V 2 Q. 8(a) If a hyperbola passes through th
e focus of the ellipse - + = 1 and its transverse and conjugate axis 25 16 coinci
des with the major and minor axis of the ellipse, and product of their eccentric
ities is 1, then (A) equation of hyperbola - = 1 X2 y2 (B) equation of hyperbola
- = 1 X2 y2 (C) focus of hyperbola (5,0) (D) focus of hyperbola is (sV3, o) [JE
E 2006,5] Com prehension: (3 questions) Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 un
its. C2 is the circle through vertices A, B, C, D and C, is the circle touching
all the sides of the square ABCD. L is a line through A PA 2 +PB 2 +PC 2 +PD 2 (
a) If P is a F
point on C, and Q in anotherFpoint on C,, then " ~ r 1 2 Q A ' + QB + QC + QD (

A) 0.75 (B) 1.25 (C) 1 (D)0.5 is equal to (b) A circle touches the line L and th
e circle C, externally such that both the circles are on the same side of the li
ne, then the locus of centre of the circle is (A) ellipse (B) hyperbola (C) para
bola (D) parts of straight line (c) A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD.
Point S moves such that its distances from the line BD and the vertex A are equa
l. If locus of S cuts M at T 2 and T ? and AC at T P then area of A T j T 2 T 3
is (A) 1/2 sq. units (B) 2/3 sq. units (C) lsq.unit (D)2sq.units [JEE 2006,5 mar
ks each] ^Bansal Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [26]
ANSWER KEY PA RABC)LA EXERCISE-I Q.2 Q.5 Q.8 (a, 0); a Q.3 2 x - y + 2 = 0, (1,4
) ;x + 2y+ 16 = 0,(16,-16) 3x - 2 y + 4 = 0 ; x - y + 3 = 0 Q.6 (4 , 0); y2 = 2a
(x - 4a) y = -4x + 72, y = 3x - 33 Q.9 7y2(x + 6a) = 0 Q.18 x - y = 1; 8 V2 sq. u
nits 15a2/4 Q.21. (2a, 0) Q.23 a 2 >8b 2 ' <^ 8 2 y -9 4f 2^ (2 8^ 2 x , vertex
Q.20 v9 9y V 9j Q.15 x2 + y2 + 1 8 x - 28y + 27 = 0 Q.19 Q.3 [a(t2o + 4), - 2at0
] Q.IO (a) ' 1 P 4 EXERCISE-II Q.5 (ax + by) (x2 + y2) + (bx - ay)2 = 0 Q.21y2 =
8ax v ^ Q.16 Q(4, -8) / ;(b)y = - ( x 2 + x) Q.18 Q.12 ( (x, - 2a), 2y, ) (x2 +
y2 - 4ax)2 = 16a(x3 + xy2 + ay2) EXERCISE-III Q.l x - 2 y + 12 = 0 Q.3 x = 3 2
y 2/3 +2 1 , Q.4 x - 2 y + 1 = 0; y = mx +- where m 4m -5V30 10 Q.5 (a) C ; (b) B
Q.6 (x + 3)y2 + 32 = 0 Q.7 (a) C ; (b) D Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.IO (a) C; (b) a = 2 Q.ll
B Q.12 xy2 + y2 - 2xy + x - 2y + 5 = 0 Q.13 (a) D, (b) A, B, ( c) (i) A, (ii) B,
(iii) D, (iv) C ELLIPSE Q.l Q.8 20x + 45y - 40x - 180y - 700 = 0 x + y - 5 = 0,
x + y+ 5 = 0 Q.ll 4=v4= V2 V2 2 2 EXERCISE-I Q.4 Q.9 3x2 + 5y2 = 32 0 or y ; 4x
V33 y - 32 = 0 + z l = _L a4 b4 c2 Q.IO 24 sq.units Q.14 55 V2 sq. units Q.19 E
XERCISE-II Q. 1 (a2 - b2)2 x2y2 = a2 (a2 + b2)2 y2 + 4 b6x2 Q.13 ^/r2 - b2 Q.5 b
x + a V3 y = 2ab Q.15 12x + 5y = 48; 1 2 x - 5 y = 48
EXERCISE-III Q.l (j) = Tt - tan"1 2, t =-= ; < = Tt + tan_12, t = - = ;<|>=,t = 0 >

j -v 5 V5 2 Q.3 (i)C; (ii)C Q.4(a)A; (b)B,D ; (c)25y 2 + 4x 2 = 4x 2 y 2 Q.5(xl) 2 +y 2 11 1 1 Tt Q.7 Locus is an ellipse with foci as the centres of the circ
les C}a nd C2. Q.8 a 2p2 + b2q2 = r 2 sec 2 - = ( 4 - 2 V 2 ) r 2 Tt Q.10 (a) C
; (b)A Q.11C Q.12(a)A,(b)AB= 14 [21] fa B ansa I Classes Conic Section (Parabola
, Ellipse, Hyperbola)
HYPERBOLA^ EXERCISE-I Q.l Q.4 Q.9 7x 2 + 12xy-2y 2 -2x + 4 y - 7 = 0 ; ft* Q.2 a

2 = 25/2 ; b2 = 16 V 5 (-1,2); (4, 2) & (-6, 2); 5 x - 4 = 0 & 5x+ 14 = 0 ; ~ ;
6 ; 8 ; y - 2 = 0 ; x+1 = 0 ; 4 x - 3 y + 10 = 0 ; 4x + 3 y - 2 = 0. x + y3V3=0 (
x-i) 2 ( y _l) 2 f 4 Q. 10 (15,10) and (3,-2) and 30 sq. units 3 'x 2 y2^ Q.13 3
x + 2y - 5 = 0 ; 3x - 2y + 5 = 0 ,2 Q.17 (x2 + y2)2 (a2y2 - b 2 x 2 ) = x2y2 (a2
+ b2) =3 EXERCISE-II Q.5 Q.6 V x - 2y + 1 = 0 ; 2x + y + 1 = 0 ; 2x2 - 3xy - 2y
2 + 3x - y - 6 = 0 ; 3x - y + 2 = 0 ; x + 3y = 0 + ^=1 49 36 2 2 -^-=1 9 4 2 2 Q.
7 Q.10 6x2 + 13xy + 6y 2 - 38x - 37y - 98 = 0 ; x - 3 = 0 ; 8 sq. unit 2 2 Q.21
ab J a 4 b4 a +b Q.9 40 Q.19 xy = c 9 2 Q.20 EXERCISE-III Q.l (x2 + y2)2 = 16x2 9y2 Q.5 A Q.6 Q.2 A, B, C, D 2 A Q.7 Q.3 (a) A; (b) D ; (c) B ( x 2 +y2 2 ' Q.8
Q.4 D (a) A, (b) C, (c) C fa B ansa I Classes Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse,
Hyperbola) [21]
TARGET I1T JEE 2007 P ) Y \ ft RfeV" S o i ft t v \ K o S ] 06 / o j MATHEMATICS

XII (ALL) QUESTION BANK ON DEFINITE & INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
Question bank on Definite & Indefinite Integration There are 168 questions in th
is question bank. Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct) 00 Q.l
The value ofthe definite integral, J(ex+1 + e3~x)"' dx is l n tz 1 f NR 7t _1 1
\ 1 (A)tj (B)(C) ^ - - t a n " 4e 4e e 2^ 2 x J cosfe x j-2xev dx is 0 (B) 1 +(
s in 1) (C)l-(sinl) T C (D) 2e 2 Q.2 The value ofthe definite integral, (A) 1 Q.
3 (D)(sinl)-1 /2 Value ofthe definite integral j ( sin '(3x-4x 3 ) - cos '(4x J 3x) )dx -V2 n In n (A)0 (B)-(C)y (D)~ r_at_ dt Let /(x) = J I j and g be the inv
erse off. Then the value of g'(0) is 2 Vl + t^ (A) 1 (B) 17 (C) V n (D) none of
these x Q.4 Q.5 (Ve rcot _1 (e x ) , . I dx is equal to : e 1 , cot" 1 (e x ) (A
) 7 In (e2x + 1) +x+ c x 2 e 1 , cot _1 (e x ) (B) - In (e2x + 1) + +x +c x 2 e
1 , 2x cor 1 (e x ) (C) /n(e + 1 ) - - y - - x + c 2 e 1 1k Lim J f(l + sin 2x) x
dx k->0 k 0 ^ i , corV) (D) ~ / n ( e 2 x + l ) + ^ - x 2 e +c Q.6 (A) 2 /n5ex
/ " ^ d x (A) 4-7t (B) 1 (C) e2 (D)nonexistent Q.7 g-
(B) 6-71 (C) 5-71 (D)None feBansal Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integr
ation [2]
fx Q.8 S'^f \es \qOVi If x satisfies the equation value x is (A) a 2 sin a (Jl dt
^ 3 rt 2 sin2t ' -t smz x2dt x - 2 = 0 (0 < a < TC), then the 2 +2tcosa + l { t
2' + l \-3 J I }c f> 2 sin a a a _ I a (C) sina (D) 2. sma a ( B ) Q.9 x , 1, If/(x
) = eg(x) and g(x) = J j then f' (2) has the value equal to : 2 1 +t (D) cannot
be determined (C)l (A) 2/17 (B)0 J etan 9 (sec 9 - sin 9) d9 equals : (A) - etan
9 sin 9 + c (B) etan 9 sin 9 + c (C) etan 9 sec 9 + c (D) etan 9 co s 9 + c Q.I
O Q.ll J (x-sin 2 x-cosx)dx o (B) 2/9 (A)0 r=4n (C) - 2/9 is equal to 1 10 (D) 4/9 Q.12 The value of Lim ]>] n->oo r=i Vr(3Vr + (A) b-c 35 (B) 1 14 (C) (D) Q.
13 J / ( x + c)dx = b-2c V '" (A) Jf(x)dx (B) |f(x+c)dx (C) Jf(x)dx a-2c (D) Jf(
x+2c)dx
n/2 . 2n n/2 1 / ,, f Sinx-COSX , r f. s , t, . 3 N , > r I I 6 Q.14 Let lj = j "

: dx; l 2 = j(cos x)dx ; I3 = J(sm x)dx & I 4 = f/ n - - 1 dx then Q.15 r o 1+
s i n x -cosx o _/2 0 Vx (A)I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 = 0 (C) I, =I 3 = I4 = 0 but I2 * 0
J (B) lj = I2 = I3 = 0 but I4 * 0 (D) I, = I2 = I4 = 0 but I3 * 0 f 7 d x equals
: x(l + x ) ( B ) / n x - - /n(l - x 7 ) + c (D)/nx+ - /n(l - x 7 ) + c (A)/nx+
- /n (1 + x7) + c t (C)/nx- - In (1 + x7) + c 7t/2n Q.16 0 dx l+tannnx (A)0 T t
(B) 4n (C) nTt Tt (D) 2n [14] fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite
Integration
Q.17 f(x) = Jt(tl)(t2) dt takes on its minimum value when: o (A) x = 0 , 1 a (B) x
= 1,2 (C) x = 0 ,2 (D)x = 3+ S Q.18 Jf(x)dx = -a a a a (A) J[f(x)+f(-x)]dx (B)
J[f(x)-f(-x)]dx (C) 2 Jf(x)dx (D)Zero Q.19 Let f (x) be a function satisfying f
1 (x)=f (x) with f (0) = 1 and g be the fun ction satisfying f (x) + g (x) = x2
l The value of the integral jf (x)g(x) dx is (A)e-ê2-^ (B) e - e2 - 3 (C)~(e-3)
(D)e . Q- 2 0 J. w JI\x V T T ] ^ d x e < i u a l s : A 2 (A) - V l + / n | x |
( / n | x | 2 ) + c (C) ^ l + ln\x\ ( / n | x | - 2 ) + c 3 2 j | i ( | x - 3 |
+ | l - x | 4 ) | dx equals: (B) ^l + ln | x | (/n | x | + 2) + c (D) 2-yJl + /n
| x | (3 /n | x | - 2) + c Q.21 (A)-(B) 8 (C) (D)
Where {*} denotes the fractional part function. Q.22 0 ^ (A) J 3x 8V2 1 P 1x.cos d
x has the value: X Xy 24 V2 32 V2 (B) (C) (D) None Q.23 / \ _ \ / 7t 2 71 2 + Li
m sec + sec 2 n >o 6n o UnJ V 6n, 2, 7t 4 + sec (n-1)- + has the value equal to 6n
3 (C)2 (A) V3 (B)V3 fe Bans a I Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integrat
ion [14]
Q.24 Suppose that F (x) is an antiderivative of f (x) = (A) F (6) - F (2) smx X
fsi"2x , x> 0 then J i can be expressed as (B) ~ (F (6) - F (2)) (C) | ( F ( 3 )
- F ( 1 ) ) (D) 2( F (6) - F (2)) Clêc^ + c (C) +c x +X+1 x+1 c ^ ^ ^ (D) X+ 1
3x4 - 1 Q.25 Primitive of t w x t X is: > v (x + x +1) a "tK^ +c tcppaootCfr) (A
) X X 4 +X+1 , +c x (B) - 7 X +X+1 x 4 +x+l Q.26 7t 27 1 Lim 1 + cos + cos + 2n 2n
2n (A) 1 (n-l)7t + cos, equal to 2n J (C)2 (D)none (B) ('ogx2)2 dx : tn2 1 Q.27
J iog x 2(A) 0
(B)l (C)2 (D)4 Q.28 If m & n are integers such that (m - n) is an odd integer th
en the value of the definite integral cos mx -sin nx dx o (A) 0 2n ( ) 2 B n m 2 (
Qn ^- T m (D) none ,ipGi-ô- Wm /f (A) 5/6 , >, U Q.30 If | Q.29 Lety={x}M where
{xjdenotes the fractional part ofx&[x] denotes greatest int eger <x, then Jydx =
(B) 2/3 ' dx=A/n x + B 1+x (C) 1 (D) 11/6 ix4+l x(x 2 +l) 2 + c, where c is the
constant of integration then : (C)A=1;B = 1 y (C)l + /n2 foe (D)none f(x) (A)A=
4JB = - 1 D)'-ff O ^ 0 1 - sin x Q.31 dx= 1-cosx it/2 (B) A = - 1 ; B = 1 ^ (B)/
n2 ^ (D)A = - 1 ; B = - 1 J (A)l-/n2 Q.32 Let f: R R be a differentiable functio
n & f (1) = 4, then the value of; Lim f 2 l is: X-l J x 1 Y 1 (B)4f'(l) (D) 8 f '
( l ) (C)2f'(l) (A)f'(l) fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integr
ation [14]
Q.33 If j o f(x) t2dt = x cos roc, then f'(9) 1 (B) is equal to - 1 (C) is equal
to (D) is non existen t 1 (A) is equal to - (it/2)I/3 Q.34 Jx 5 sinx 3 dx = o (
A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 2 (D) 1/3 Q.35 Integral of ^/l+2cotx(cotx+cosecx) w.r.t. x is:
(A) 2 In c o s - + c 1 x (C ) In cos + c 3 X (B) 2 In sin~ + c (D) In sin x - /n
(cosec x - cot x) + c x Q.36 P ^ V cA L If/(x)= | x | + | x 1 | + | x - 2 i ,x e
Rthen j / ( x ) d x (A) 9/2 (B) 15/2 V ( C) 19/2 (D)none , is Q. 3 7 Number of v
alues of x satisfying the equation (A)0 Q.38 + -i ftan x . j dx = o x 1 N +, 2 2
8 8t + 3 -1 + 4 dt= . l -A J g(x+i)^x + 1 (C) 2 (D)3 (B) 1 n/4 . (A) J ^ d x * x 7
t/2 (B) J - ^ - d x J 0 smx n/2 (C) J d x 2 * smx 1 1 7t/4 (D) | J d x 2 sinx )
dt Q. 3 9 Domain of definition of the function f (x) = j ~T=2 2 is 6 o Vx +t ( A
)R (B)R+ (C) R+ u {0} Q.40 If J e3x cos 4x dx = e3x (A sin 4x + B cos 4x) + c t
hen: (A) 4A = 3B (B) 2A = 3B (C) 3A = 4B b Q.41 If / ( a + b - x) = f (x), then
jx.f (a + b - x) dx = a ( D ) R - {0} (D) 4B + 3A = 1
(A) 0 (B) | (C) J / ( x ) dx a (D) ~ J / ( x ) dx a fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on D

efinite & Indefinite Integration [14]
Q.42 The set of values of'a' which satisfy the equation j(t - log2 a) dt = log.
2 IS 21 a y 0 (A)aeR (B)aeR+ (C)a<2 (D)a>2 Q.43 The value ofthe definite integra
l J ^2x --J5(4x - 5) + ^2x + V5(4x - 5) dx 2 (A) / 7V3 + 3V? ^ ^ (B) 4 V2 4 (C)
4 V 3 + (D) 7V7-2V5 Q .44 Number of ordered pair(s) of (a, b) satisfying simulta
neously the system o f equation b b 3 2 jx dx = 0 and Jx2dx = - is a a (A) 0 _ .
. Q.45 (B) 1 (C)2 (D)4 ftan -1 x-cot _1 x , . . dx is equal to : J tan x+cot x 4
2 (A) - x tan"1 x + - / n (1 + x2) - x + c 7 1 7t 4 2 (C) - x tan"1 x + - In (1
+ x2) + x + c 7 1 7 T y 4 2 (B) - x tan"1 x - - In (1 + x2) + x + c 7t 7t 4 2 (D
) - x tan"1 x - - In (1 + x2) - x + c 7 T 7 1 f dt d2y Q.46 Variable x and y are
related by equation x = j / 7 . The value of y is equal to oVl + t dx ( A ) ^ (B
)y 2y o h ^ t + Vl + t (A) equal to 0 1 (B) equal to (C) equal to 1 (D) non exi
stent Q.48 If the primitive of f (x) = 7t sin 7ix + 2x - 4, has the value 3 for
x = 1, then the set of x for which the primitive of f(x) vanishes is: (A) {1,2,3
} (B) (2, 3) (C) {2} (D) {1,2, 3, 4} Q.49 If f & g are continuous functions in [
0, a] satisfying f (x) = f (a - x) & g (x) + g (a - x) = 4 then a Jf(x).g(x)dx =
0 , a a a a (A) J f (x)dx 9 fe Bans aIClasses (B) 2 J f (x)dx 0
(C) j f(x)dx 0 (D)4_[ f(x)dx 0 [14] Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration
Q.50 In f x+^/l+x2 J x, 7=7- dx equals : V1+? (A) ^ ^ / n f x + V l + x 2 -x +c 2

(B) J . In f +x" +c (C) | . In2 Q.51 If/(x) = 31 (A) ~7 f Vl^ (7x-6)~ 1/3 + +c (
D) /n (x+V^?) +x + c z. 0<x<1 , then J/(x)dx is equal to 1 <x <2 (B) 32 21 i (D)
55 42 Q.52 The value ofthe definite integral je6" (l + x-e x )dx isequalto (A)e
e 1 . J " sin 1/2 ' (B) e e - e (C) e e - 1 (D)e Q-53 V X xj dx has the value eq
ual to 3 (B)T (A) 0 (P>4 2x (D)2
Q.5 4 The value ofthe integral f e o (A) 1 (B) - 2 0 (sin2x + cos2x)dx = (C) 1/2
(D) zero Q. 5 5 The value of definite integral j (A)--/n2 Tt f Ze -z A dz . (C)
- n In 2 (D) Tt /n 2 (B) ~/n2 ft , ^ Q. 5 6 A differentiable function satisfies
3/ 2 (x)/'(x) = 2x. Given/(2) = 1 the n the value of/(3) is (A) 3/^4 e (B)3/^ (
C)6 (D)2 Q.57 For I n = J (/n x)ndx, n e N; which ofthe following holds good? (A
)I + ( n + l ) I n + 1 = e (C)In + 1 + (n+l)I n = e (B)I n + 1 + nl n = e (D) I n
+ j + (n - 1) ln = e fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integratio
n [14]
r 1 Q. 5 8 Let f be a continuous functions satisfying f (In x) defined as if x <

0 (A) f(x) : for 0<x<l and f (0) = 0 then/(x) can be x for x > 1 - 1 if x < 0 l-ex x if x > 0 if x < 0 if x > 0 (B)f(x) = - e x - 1 if x > 0 r x if x < 0 (C)
f(x) = ex (D)f(x) = - e x - 1 if x > 0 f(x) 4t 3 Q.59 Let f: R R be a differenti
able function such that f (2) = 2. Then the value of 2 j X _ 2 dtis (A)6f'(2) 71
/2 Q.60 (A) (B) 12 f'(2) (C) 32 f' (2) (D) none dx , 2 - 2 has the value: 1+a si
n x 2-Jl + a (B) +a (C) 2 it V+a i
(D) none Q. 61 1 Let f (x) = /n then its primitive w.r.t. x is ve x y 1 (A)-ex-/

nx + C 1 (B)-/n x-ex + C > 0 is equal to tan ! (x) tan '(x) 2^ 1 0 (C)-/n2x-x +
C (D) + C 2x Q.62 Lim Y n-*rjn _1 y-j +kx n x (A) x tan (x) (B)tan- (x) 1 (C) (D)
Q.63 2cos2x sin(2x) -sinx n/2 2 Let f (x) = sin2x 2sin x cosx then J [f(x) + f'(
x)]dx 0 sinx -cosx 0 (A) 71 (B) %/2 19 (C)2n (D) zero Q.64 (B)IO- 11 (C) 10 ~7 (
D) 10 -9 I! Q. 6 5 The value of the integral J (cos px - si n qx)2 dx where p, q
are integers, is equal to: (A)10- 1 0 -J T The absolute value of f s i n x is l
ess than: J 1i 10 1 -f~ x (A)-7i fe Bans a I Classes (B)0 (C) 7t (D) 27t Integra
tion [14] Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite
Q.66 Primitive o f / ( x ) = x 2 /n(x2+1) w.r.t. x is 2/n(x2+l) (A) J-" + C v ;

2(x + 1) ( x 2 + 1 ) /n2 + l ( B ) ( x ^ 1 ) 2 ^ /n2 + l + c (C) 2(/n2 +1) \n (x
2 +l) / n 2 (D) +C 2(/n 2 + 1) dt is equal to (B)e 2 (C) e2 - 1 (D) does not ex
ist Q.67 n->=o Jl Lim f| 1+ n+1 (A)0 x+h Jfti 2 t dt - j>n 2 t dt Q.68 S (A)0 (B
) ln2x ( C ) mx (D) does not exist Q.69 Let a, b, c be non-zero real numbers suc
h that: l J (1 + cos8x) (ax2 + bx + c) dx = J (1 + eos8x) (ax2 + bx + c) dx , th
en the qua dratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has : (A) no root in (0,2) (C) a dou
ble root in (0,2) Q .70 Letin= (B) atleast one root in (0,2) (D) none 1 I2 + I4
I3 + I5 I4 + I6 jc/4 J tan"xdx,then ,.... are in: (D) none
(A)
i +
(C)
: 0
2 1
A.P. Q.71 (B) G.P. (C) H.P. Let g (x) be an antiderivative for/(x). Then In(
(g(x)) 2 ) is an antiderivat ive for 2/(x)g(x) (A) ji/4 2/(x)g(x) (B) 2/(x)
l + (/(x)) 2 l + (g(x)) 2 l + (/(x)) 2 (D)none Q.ll J (cos 2x)3/2. cos x dx
(A) 3tc 16 (B) 3tx 32 1/V2 \6\ 2 ^ f IS o v 1 X2 (1 + V1 X2 ) 1 ! (D) 3 7 a/
16 Q.73 The value of the definite integral x 2 dx (A) Tt + ' 4 7J (C)
Tt 1 4 V2 (D) none Integration feBansa I Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite

[14]
Q.74 The value ofthe definite integral j({x}2 + 3(sin 27tx))dx where { x} denote
s thefractionalpart function. 19 (A)0 (B)6 IT/2 (C)9 (D) can not be determined
Q. 7 5 The value of the definite integral jV tan x dx, is (A) V2tt (B) 7T VI (C)
2V2 7 T (D) 7t 2V2 Q.76 Evaluate the integral: Jf / n ( ^v6 x (A)^[/n(6x 2 )] 3
+C o (C) ^-[/n(6x2) ] +C Q.77 j - ( 3 s i n 9 ) 2 - - ( l + sine) 71/6^ (A)TT-V
3 2 (B) |[/n 2 (6x 2 )] +C 1 (D) - ^ [ / n ( 6 x 2 ) ] 4 + C to d0 (C) 7C - 2-\/
3 (D) 71 + V3 (B)n ?dt m Q.78 Let /= L Jt and m= L ix->co 7 j/ntdt then the correc
t statement is - x/ nx r x->o > (A) / m = / (B)/m = m (C)/ = m /n3 jf (x) dx = fa
2 (D) / > m Q.79 If f (x) = e"x + 2 e"2x + 3 e~3x + + 0 , then 0 (A)l n/2 (B)ju/
4 (C) 1 (D) In 2
Q.80 If I = J ^n(sinx) dx then J &i(sinx + cosx) dx : jc/4 (A)i I ( n (B) x r I

(C) 1 7J (D)I ^ / n Q.81 The value of Jj [ ] ( + ) 0 Vr=l Z j Vk=i x + k y dx equ
als (C)(n+ 1)! (D) nn ! (A)n Q.82 rcc 3x+cos5x cos J- 2 dx sin x+sm 4 x (B)n! (A)
sinx-6tan 1 (sinx) + c (C) s i n x - 2 (sinx)" 1 -6 tan"1 (sinx) + c fe Bans a
I Classes (B) s i n x - 2 sin *x + c (D) s i n x - 2 (sinx)-1 + 5 tan"1 (sinx)+
c [14] Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration
Q.83 J ^x 2 + 4x + 4 + yjx2 - 4x + 4 5 3 (B)ln- + 2 2 dx = CA)hf-f Q.84 w w (C)

In - + 2 2 (D)none The value ofthe function f(x)= 1+x+ J (ln2t + 2 lnt) dt where
f' (x) vanishes is : i _1 (A) e (B) 0 (C) 2 e_1 (D)l+2e"1 n n n Limit I 1 +, 1
+J +J + n \n + 1 yn + 2 \n + 3 Q-85 + (C) 2 n + 3 (n - 1) has the value equal to
Q.86 (D)4 0 0 Let a function h(x) be defined as h(x) = 0, for all x ^ 0. Also j
/z(x) / ( x ) dx = f (0), for every (A)2 V2 OO CO (B) 2V2 1 function f (x). Then
the value of the definite integral J/?' (x) sin x dx, is -00 (A) equal to zero j
c/4 (B) equal to 1 (C) equal to - 1 (D) non existent Q.87
J (tan11 x + tan11 0 (A) 1 n-1 (\ x)d(x [x]) is: ([ ] denotes greatest integer fu
nction) (B) 1/x n+ 2 (C) n - 1 (D) none of these Q.88 Lim J(l + x) x dx vo (A) 2
/n 2 is equal to 4 4 (C) In ~ e (B)(D)4 Q.89 Which one ofthe following is TRUE.
(A) x. Jf = x / n | x | + C x (B) x. Jf = x/n | x | + Cx x (D) - Jfcosx dx =x + C
fnc v (C) cosx jcosx dx = tanx+C fe Bans a I Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefin
ite Integration [14]
Q.90 j x 2 n + , -e _ x dx is equal to (n e N). o (A)n! (B)2 (n!) (C) ^ n 2 i (D

) (n + 1)! o Q. 91 The true set of values of 'a' for which the inequality J (3 ~
2x - 2.3"x) dx > 0 is true is: a (A) [0,1] (B) ( - o o , - l ] (C)[0,oo) a (D)(oo,-l]u[0,oo) Q.92 If a e (2,3) then number of solution of the equation J cos (x
+ a 2 ) dx = sin a is : o (A) 1 (B)2 (C)3 (D)4. x2 Q.9 3 If x sin nx = Jf (t) d
t where/ i s continuous functions then the value of f (4) is o n (A)(B) 1 1 (C)
(D) can not be determined Q- 94 J ( x 2 + 4 x + l) 3/2 3 X +c (A) ( X 2 + 4X + 1
)1/2 x2 (C) 2 1/2+C ( X + 4x + 1 ) 2 ru\ B D X 2 TT 7 2 ( >(X + 4X + 1)1/2 +c I
( )(X + 4X + 1)1/2 2 + C Q.95 If the value of the integral { ex dx is a , then t
he value of | Jinx dx is: (A) e4 - e - a V3 r i1d d J 2 dx{ tan 2 dx ji ~ 7~ (A)
3 71 (B)2e4-e-a 2x H 1 -x 2 / equals (B)-71
' (C)2(e4-e)-a e (D)2e4-l-a Q96 (O71 (D)? n Q.97 Let A= f e d t then f- has the va
lue J o 1 +t , t-a-1 o a~ l (A)Ae-a (B)-Ae _ a (C)-ae" a (D)Aea (feBansal Classe
s Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [13]
ji/2 Q.98 j V s i n 2 e sin6 d0 is equal to : (B) 7t/4 (C) 7t/2 CD) 71 (A)0 Q.99
rx2 +2 j dx is equal to x +4 2 1 2x 2x (B) | tan -1 (x 2 +2)+ C (D) tan"1 2 +C 2
x Q.l 00 Ifp + 2 Jx2 e""2 dx = Je-"2 dx then the value of p is (A)e -1 (B)e (C)l
/2 e (D) can not be determined Q. 101 A quadratic polynomial P(x) satisfies the
conditions, P(0) = P(l) = 0 & J P(x) dx = 1. The leading o coefficient of the qu
adratic polynomial is: (C)2 (B) -6 (A) 6 (D) 3 Q. 102 Which one of the following
functions is not continuous on (0,7t)? x (B)g(x)= | t sin - dt (A) f(x)= cotx 1
(C) h (x): L L 0<x< 2 371 (D) I (x): x sin x , 0<x< 7t O 2 sin x 9 371 < X < 7t
7t . 7t S i n ( X + 7t) , < X < 7 t 2 2 JV Q.103 I f f ( x ) tsintdt . r, T for
0<x< 2 o yj 1 + tan" x sm t (A) f (0+) = - r t (C) f is continuous and different
iable in (D) f is continuous but not differentiable in H H v
z (B)f 7t 7t {4) 8 y V L J fe Bans aI Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Int

egration [14]
Q. 104 Consider f(x) ( A ) ^ n ( l + x3) 1 + x3 ; g(t) = J f(t) dt. Ifg(l) = 0 t

hen g(x) equals (B)^n f 1+ x A ' I ^ V 3 (D) - f t i V ^ V (C) 2 100 Q.l 05 The
value ofthe definite integral, J -^ydx is equal to (A)y(l-e-10) ( B) 2(1 - e~10)
(C)|(e-10-1) (w | (.-.-) Q.106 J [2 e x] dx where [x] denotes the greatest inte
ger function is (A)0 Q.l 0 7 The value of (A) 1 2 C dx (B) In 2 is (B)2 (C)4 (D)
undefined (C) e2 (D) 2/e x Q.108 J x f a f l. + dx 2) o r (A) 3s] 1-2/n-j 2J (B
) v ; 3 7,3 /n2 2 2 3 1,1 (C) + - / n 4 2 54 1 , 27 3 (D) - / n ^ 2 2 4 Q.l 09 Th
e evaluation of J x2p+ 2q (A) x p + q +l +C (B) pXP+2"-' -qx"-' dx is + +2xP 1+l
+C (C) x p + q +l +C (D) x p + q +l x +l p+q +C Q.110 J\ xx ++1x1 ++11 dx = a I
n 2 + b then: 2|x| 1 3 2 (A) a = 2 ; b = 1 b a (B) a - 2 ; b = 0 (C) a = 3 ; b =
- 2 (D)a = 4 ; b = b a Q-111 j [x]dx+ j [x] dx where [. ] denotes greatest integ
er function is equal to : (A) a + b (B) b - a (C) a - b
(D) a +b Q.l 12 If J 375 x5 (1 + x2) ~4 dx = 2n then the value of n is: (A) 4 (B

)5 (C)6 ( D)7 fe Bans a I Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [14
]
1/2 j j + x 0.113 f ^ n - dx is equal to : (j 1-x 2 1-x (A) M (B) ^ In2 3 (C)-^l

n23 (D) cannot be evaluated. Q.l 14 If J ( x 3 - 2 x 2 + 5 ) e 3 x d x = e3x (Ax
3 + Bx2 + Cx + D) then the statement wh ich is incorrect is (B)A+B +2/3 = 0 (D)
A + B + C = 0 dx (A) C + 3D = 5 (C) C + 2B = 0 Q.l 15 Given J (A)^/n2 Q. 116 "'f
: =/n 2. then the value ofthe def. integral. J sin x + cos x (B)--/n2 7t sinx dx
is equal to ( C ) 7 - ^/n2 (D)^+/n2 A function f satisfying f' (sinx) = cos2x f
or all x and f(l) = 1 is: x3 1 X3 2 (B) f(x)= + (A)f(x) = x + - x3 1 (C)f(X) = X
- y + V3/2 x3 1 (D)f(x)=^-y + Q.117 ForO<x<^- , J ln(e cosx ). d (sinx) is equal
to : 2 1/2 (A) 12 (C) ^-[(n/3-1 )f (sin-v/3-sinl) f Q118 O j 7t Tt <B) (D) - V3
-1 )-(sinv3-sinl J X cos X o^ydxisequalto: (B) - (2 + 7t) (C) zero (D) 2 Tt
(A) Tt - 2
(B) e V x
o: cos x +
n Definite
Q.119 Jf ?=- (x + Vx) dx vx (A)2e Vx [ x - V ^ + l ] + C (C) Q.120 x/2

[ x - 2 V ^ + l (D) e ^ ( x + V^ + l ) + C (x + Vx) + C dx is equal t
sin6x 6 | (A) zero (B) Tt (C) TT/2 (D) 2 Tt fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. o
& Indefinite Integration [14]
Q. 121 The true solution set of the inequality, 0 dz>x j sin 2 xdxis: o (A)R (B)
(1,6) (C)(-6,l) (D) (2,3) V /?nx * Q.l 22 If J r1 - x 2 dx = k f In (1 + cosx)
dx then the value of k is : oV o (A) 2 (B) 1/2 (C) - 2 I (D)-1/2 Q.l23 Let a, b
and c be positive constants. The value of 'a' in terms of 'c' if the value of in
tegral J(acxb+1 + a 3 bx 3b+5 ) dx i s independent of b equals 0 <A)Jf m j f (C)
| (D)JJ Q.124 Jsec2G (secG+tanG)2 dG (A) ( s e c 9 + t a n e ) [ 2 + tanQ(sec6 +
tane)] + C (B) (C) (SeC 6 ^ t a n 9 ) [2 + 4 tan 6 (sec 6 + tan 6)] + C + &!Q^>[2
tan0(secG+tanG)] + C (D) r X +1 [2 + tanG(secG + tanG)] + C Q.125 1 X ii J ~ T
T dx is equal to: (A) tan"1 V2 X 1 X (B) ~ cor 1 2 (C) | tan-1 | (D) tan"12
Q.126 V 1 1 J f(t) dt is equal to : x i (B)Xjf(Xj) (C) f(Xj) (D) does not exist f
(A) -L-12. x i f (x ) Q. 127 Which of the following statements could be true if
, f" (x) = x1/3. I f(x) =- 9 -x 7 / 3 + 9 28 (A) 1 only II f'(x)=x7/3-2 28 (B) II
I only III IV f ' ( x ) = - x4/3 + 6 f(x) = x4/3 - 4 4 4 (C) II & IV only (D) I
& III only fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [14]
it/2 Q.l 28 The value ofthe definite integral J sinx sin2x sin 3xdx is equal to:
(A) j TO-3 sec 1 2 (Q( X >0) (D)tan ' x Q.129 (1 + x ) 2 'l-x^' dx V 1 + x 2 ]
+ cos 1 : vl + x y (B) (A) e tan_ x .tan -1 x + C tan 1 x [ -1 (C) elUl A .1 sec~
*l Vl + x z I I + C X ,tan- 1 , .(tan' 1 x) 2 + c (D)e tan-lx f cosec A \ Vl + x
2 I I + c 2 Q.130 Number ofpositive solution ofthe equation, f (t ~ {*}) d t =
2 ( x - 1) where {} denote s the fractional o part function is: (D) more than th
ree (C) three (B) two (A) o ne i Q.131 If f(x) = cos(tan- x) then the value of t
he integral Jx f "(x) dx is 3-V2 (B) 3 + V2 (C)l 1 (A) Q.l32 If jJ 1 + s i n - d
x=Asii V / v . (A) 2V2 (B) V2 .y then value ofA is: (C) ^ 1 (D) 4V2 1 1 n n Q.l
33 For U = j x (2 - x) dx; Vn = J xn (1 - x)n dx n e N, which ofthe following st
atement(s) 0 is/are ture? (B) Un = 2 - Vn (C) Un = 22" Vn (D) Un = 2 " 2 Vn (A)Un
= 2"Vn
Q.134 (A) In x + V X J J (x ~ ! ) d x 1 (X 4 +3X 2 +1) tan x2+l V x = /n | f (x)

| + C then /(x) is V ' V (B) tan 1 ^ x + X J (C) cot x + v X; -1 f r 1 1 (D)/n t
an x + A V v JJ fe Bans a I Classes Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [1
4]
7/ 13 Q.l35 Let f(x) be integrable over (a, b), b > a> 0. If Ij = j f(tan0 + cot
9). sec 2 9d0& 7t/6 7l/3 j 2 I2 = I f (tan 6 + cot 9). cosec 0 d 9, then the ra
t io j - : ti/6 2 (A) is a positive integer (C) is an irrational number sin x (B
) is a negative integer (D) cannot be determined. Q.136 f(x)= J (1 - t + 2t 3 )d
t hasin[0,2rc] cosx 7 1 371 (A) a maximum at & a m inimum at (C) a maximum at ~
& a minimum at ~ 371 771 (B) a maximum at & a minim um at (D) neither a maxima n
or minima Q.137 LetS (x) = J I n t d t ( x > 0 ) a n d H ( x ) = ^ - ^ . T h e n
H ( x ) i s ; x2 X (A) continuous but not derivable in its domain (B) derivable
and continuous in i ts domain (C) neither deri vable nor continuous in its doma
in (D) derivable but not continuous in its domain. d f dt r . Q. 13 8 Number of
solution of the equat ion - J --y =2 v2 in [0, re] is " X sinx COSX t (A) 4 (B)3 (
C)2 (D)0 1./ x 2 s i n 2 x - 1 cosx(2sinx + l) Q.l39 Letf(x) = + -; : then cosx 1
+ sinx j e x (f(x) + f'(x))dx (where c is the constant of integeration) (C) ex
cosec2x + c x+3 Q. 140 The value of x that maximises the value of the integral j
t(5 - 1 ) dt is X (A) 2 (B)0 (C)l (A) ex tanx + c (B) excotx + c (D) exsec2x + c
(D) none Q.141 For a sufficiently large value of n the sum of the square roots
of the fir st n positive integers i.e. + + sjr3+ (B)|n3/2 +vn approximately equa
l to (C)~n 1 / 3 (D)|n 1 / 3 (A)V/2 f dx Q.142 Thevalueof Jt, ZT is o (A) -2 (B)
0
(C) 15 (D) indeterminate fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integr

ation [14]
~ , af dx "r8 2 tan 9 Q. 143 If 1 7= = -d6 , then the value of 'a' is equal to (a >
0) Vx + a+Vx > sm20 h \ j 3 ( ) 4 A ( ) B Tt 4 of f (B) In sinV \ (D) 16 _ r sin
(/n(2 + 2x)) , Q. 144 The value ofthe integral J T~--j- - d x [ s (A) - c os In
(2x + 2) + C f 2 ^ (C) cos yX + \J +C r Q.l45 If f(x) =Asin respectively. ( A) & 2
2 7IX ' X + ly +c / O \ (D) sin + B, f vX + ly +C - ] = V2 and { f(x) dx = , Th
en the constants A and B are (B) ! & ! 7 T 1 t (C) 0& - 7t (D) - & 0 7 1 tc/2 2
k/1 2 V2 2 e_x X Q.l 46 Let I,= J sin(x)dx . j = J V dx ; I = Je~ x i (l + x)dx
0 and consider the statements I n III Ii<I2 h<h Which of the following is (are)
true? (A) I only (B) II only (D) Both I and II (C) Neither I nor II nor II I sin
x x I.-I3 Q. 147 Let f (x) = 2 , then ( j f (x) f - x dx = J n V2 (B) | f ( x )
d x 0 (QTtJf(x)dx 0 (D)-Jf(x)dx (A)-Jf(x)dx 1 71/2 V/n(x +1) Q.148 Let u J j dx
and v= J/n(sin2x)dx then x +1 0 0 (A) u = 4v ( B) 4u + v = 0 (C) u + 4v = 0
(D) 2u + v = 0 Q. 149 If / ( x ) = (A) ft (ft sinx sin Ve f " .de then the value
of/!, _ 2, ^ tT/16 l + cosW0 (B) Tt (C) 2ti ,1S (D)0 fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on
Definite & Indefinite Integration [14]
jt/2 . c r sin 5x Q.l 50 The value ofthe definite integral, J bin x 0 (A)0 (B) |
dx is (D) 2it (C) 71 Select the correct alternatives : (More than one are corre
ct) b Q. 151 Jsgn x dx = (where a, b e R) a (A) | b | -1 a | (B) (b-a) sgn (b-a)
(C) b sgnb - a sgna (D)|a|-|b x^ Q.152 Jf =A.tan-1 nrtan + C then: 5 + 4cosx V 2
(A) X = 2/3 (B) m = 3 (C)X=l/3 Q.l 53 Which ofthe following are true? Jt-a Jt a a (D) m = 2/3 (A) Jx . f(sinx) dx =. J f ( s i n x ) d x 2 n,t (C) Jf(cos 2 x)
dx = n. * Jf(cos 2 x)dx (B) Jf(x)2 dx = 2. Jf(x) 2 dx 0 a b-c b (D) Jf(x + c) dx
= f f(x) dx 1 2x2 +3x+3J _ ,_. _ _f Z +JX + X Q.154 Thevalueofl T-r v dxis: 0 (x+
l)(x2+2x+2J ( A ) j +21n2-tan- 1 2 (C) 2 ln2 - cor 1 3 Q.l55 Jf x + x (B)j +21n2
-tan-1| (D) - 7 + ln4 + cor 1 2 4 1+x cosec2x dx is equal to : (B) c - cot x + c
ot -1 x _i (A) c o t x - c o t _ 1 x + c COS CC X (C) - t e n - 1 * - + c (D) e' n tan~
x -cotx + c where 'c' is constant of integration. Q. 156 Let f(x) = J dt (x > 0)

then f(x) h as: 0 t (A) Maxima if x = n7t where n = 1,3,5,... (B) Minima if x =
n7t where n = 2,4,6, (C) Maxima if x = n7t where n = 2,4,6,... (D) The function
is monotonic fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [14]
Q.l 57 If I = J / dx 0 (l + X | vn ; n e N, then which of the following statemen

ts hold good ? (B)I2=^ + 4 8 + (A) 2n I n+ j = 2 _n + (2n - 1) In 7t _ J_ (C)I 2
= 8 - T o 4 Q.158 J - ^ y equa ls: T T 1 1 . , x+1 - In2 v y = J d x ; An + 1 =
A 0 ^ 1 , , v 4 x-1 for n e n (D)Bn x+ 1 + c (D) - In2 +c (A) \ In2 j- +c v (B)
7 In2 j- +c v(C) 4 ' 2 x+1 ' 4 x+1 ' 2 x 1 n/2sin (2n - 1) x n/2 sm. nx \2 ( dx;B
n N , then Q.159 IfA n = J sin x o v sin x y (B)B n + 1 = Bn (A) + 1 - B n = A n
+ 1 (QA n + 1 - A n = B n + 1 Q.160 } J
(1 + x) (1 + X2) dx: (B) 71 (A)? (C) is same as J j 0 dx (1 + x) (1 + x 2 ) (D)
cannot be evaluated Q.l61 J V1 + cscx dx equals (B) V2 c o s V c o s x + c (D) c
os (1 - 2 sin x) + c (A) 2 sin-1 Jsinx + c (C) c - 2 sin -1 (1 - 2 sin x) Q.l62
I f f ( x ) = n j ^ n ( 1 + x s i " 2 9 ) d 0 , x > 0 then: 0 sin 0 (A)f(t )=--7
C ( V T T T - i ) (C) f (x) cannot be determined (D) none of these. Q.l 63 If a,
b, c e R and satisfy 3 a + 5 b + 15 c = 0 , the equation ax4 + bx 2 + c = 0 has
(A) atleast one root in (-1,0) (B) atleast one root in (0,1) (C) at least two r
oots in (-1,1) (D) no root in (-1,1) x 2 dx &V = Q.164 Letu= JX4+7X2+1 (A) v > u
JX4+?X2+1 V = 71 then: (C) 3u + 2v = 5n/6 (D)U + V= (B) 6 TI/3 fe Bans aIClasses

Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [14]
Q.l 65 If J e u .sin2x dx can be found in terms of known functions of x then u c

an be: (A) x (B) sinx (C) cosx (D) cos2x Q. 166 If f(x) = | -- dt where x > 0 th
e n the value(s) of x satisfying the equation, 1 ' + * f(x) + f(l/x) = 2is: (A)
2 (B) e (C) e "2 (D)e 2 , f 19 Q. 167 A polynomial function f(x) satisfying the
conditions f(x) = [f' (x )]2 & J f(x) dx= can be: o 12 ,,. x 3 9 A + X + ( )T 2 4
( B ) x J T"2X + 9 ? , _v x (C>T-X _ + 1 , x (D)T + X + 1 Q. 16 8 A continuous
and differentiable function1 f1 satisfies the condition, X j f (t) d t = f 2 (x)
- 1 for all real' x'. Then: o (A)'f'ismonotonicincreasing V x e R (B)' f' is mo
notonic decreasing V x e R (C)1 f' is non monotonic (D) the graph of y=f (x) is
a straight line. fe Bans aIClasses Q. B. on Definite & Indefinite Integration [1
4]
ANSWER KEY a osrb a swb 3 OWb v serb a oerb a S3rb a 03ib 3 sirb a oirb a sorb v
oorb a S6b 3 06'b 3 S8'b V 08'b a srb v orb a S9 b V 09 b v ssb v osb a st?b 3
Ofr'b a sb D orb a S3b v orb d srb a orb d sb a'3 99I'b a'v 39lb a'a ssrb a'D'v f
rsrb V 6Hb Vw b V 6erb a Krb 3 63ib 3 pzrd V 6irb 3 wrb 3 6orb a wrb a 66 b a wb
a 68'b a P8d a 6Lb a w/b a 69 b 3 wb 3 6Sb 3 wb a 6Pt) a ppb a 6eb a Kb a 63"b
V pzd a 6lb 3 wb V 6b 3 pd
a'3' a'v S9I'b a'v I9ib a'v LS rb a'3'a'v srb a 8H"b a ewb 3 8lb 3 lb a 83I'b V 3l'b
a sirb V irb V sorb 3 orb a 86 b V 6'b a 88 b 3 8b V 8r b 3 rb a 89 b V 9b a 8S'b V sb
3 a 3 8'b V 'b a 83 b V 3'b V 8fb V I'b a 8b a b a'D'a P9 rb 3'V 09lb a'v 9srb a'v 3sr
b V /.Hb a 3H"b a z,ib a 3I'b a Z,3l'b a zz r b V z,irb a nrb 3 /.orb A 30 rb a Z.
6b a 36 b V Z,8'b 3 38 b a Z.Z/b 3 3r b 3 L9 t> 3 39 b 3 z.sb V 3S b a z.rb a 3t
?'b a z,b a 3'b V z.3"b 3 33'b 3 z,rb 3 3ib V r b 3 rb a'V 89 It) a'a L9i'0 3'a'v 9
lt> a'v 6srb a'3'a ssrb 3'V isrb a 9Wb a iwb a 9lb a ir b a 93l"b a I3I'b 3 9irb 3
urb a 9orb a lorb V 96 b a i6b 3 98'b a i8b a 9r b a trb 3 99 b 3 i9b a 9Sb a i
sb a 9t?b 3 3 9b V irb V 93 b 3 irb a 9rb a irb 3 9b V rb fe Bans aIClasses Q. B.
on Definite & Indefinite Integration [14]
8 BANSAL CLASSES TARGET ITT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS X I I (ABCD) DEFINITI 7 & INDEF
INITE INTEGRATION CONTENTS KEY-CONCEPTS EXERCISE I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III EXER
CISE-IV ANSWER KEY
KEY 1. DEFINITION: CONCEPTS OR If f & g are functions of x such that g'(x) = f(x
) then the function g is called a PRIMITIVE ANTIDERIVATIVE O R INTEGRAL of f(x)
w.r.t. x and is written symboli cally as 2. i) r J f ci I f(x) dx = g(x) + c < >
(g(x) + c) = f(x), where c is called the constant of integration, = dx STANDARD
RESULTS : (ax+b)n (ax + b)dx= , \ a(n+l) ax+b \n+l +c n*-l (ii) j ax+b =a /n(ax
+ b) + c iii) f e dx = - e a ax+b +c r x+ 1 npx+q (iv) I aP i dx = (a > 0) + c .
p fna (vi) J cos(ax+b)dx= - sin(ax+b ) + c a (viii) f cot(ax+b) dx = - /n sin(a
x+b)+ c a (x) j cosec2(ax + b) dx = _ 1 cot(ax + b)+ c v) f sin(ax+b) dx = - cos(
ax+b) + c a vii) j tan(ax + b) dx = In sec (ax + b) + c a ix) J sec2 (ax + b) dx
= tan(ax + b) + c a xi) J sec (ax + b) . tan (ax + b) dx = sec (ax + b) + c a x
ii) J cosec (ax + b) . cot (ax + b) dx = xiii) J secx dx=In (secx + tanx) + c xi
v) J cosec x dx = In (cosecx - cotx) + c a cosec (ax + b) + c OR In tan { +yj +
c OR In tan ^ + c OR - In (cosecx + cotx) xv) J sinh x dx = cosh x + c (xvi) J c
osh xdx = sinh x + c (xvii) J sech2x dx = tanh x + c xviii) J cosech2x dx = - co
th x + c xx) J cosechx. cothxdx= - c o s e c h x + c xxii) J dx = - tan -1 + c a
+x2 2
(xix) J sech x . tanh x dx = - sech x + c (xxi) j" (xxiii) J dx dx x-v/x -a 2 2

. , x , = sin 1 + c 1 -l x = sec 1 ^+1 a xxiv) JJ ' xxv) J 72 =ln + L x + a2 dx T
n x + x2 + a2 OR sinh-1 - + c a cosh"1 - + c a (xxvii) j dx x -a2 2 OR xxvi) | d
x a -x 2 2 l , a+x In +c 2a a-x 1 , x-a In +c 2a x+a [2] <!SBansal Classes Defin
ite & Indefinite Integration
(xxviii) j .y]a2-x2 dx = 2 (xxix) { *Jx2+a2 A/a 2 - x 2 + sin"1 - + c 2 a dx= ^

x 2 + a 2 + sinlr1 - + c 2 2 a - cosh"1 - + c 2 a (xxx) j J x 2 - a 2 dx= - J x
2 - a 2 v 2 v f e3* (xxxi) I eax. sin bx dx = -x- (a sin bx - b cos bx) + c a +b (
xxxii) J e ax . cos bx dx = - (a cos bx + b sin bx) + c a +b 3. TECHNIQUES OF IN
TEGRATION: (i) Subst itution or change ofindependent variable. Integral 1= j f(x
) dx is changed to } f(4> (t)) f'(t) dt, by a suitable substitution x = (J) (t)
provided the later in tegral is easier to integrate. (ii) Integration by part: {
u.vdx=u j" vdx- { dU du f A . vd? r1Y J dx f ax dx where u&varedifferentiable f
unction. Note: While using integration by parts, choose u & v such that (a) J v
dx is simple & (b) / du f vdx r)v J dx dx is simple to integrate. (iii) 4. 0) ("
) This is generally obtained, by keeping the order of u & v as per the order of
th e letters in ILATE, where ; I-Inverse function, L-Logarithmic function, A-Alg
ebr aic function, T-Trigonometric function & E-Exponential function Partial frac
tion , spiliting a biggerfractioninto smallerfractionby known methods. INTEGRALS
OF T HE TYPE: j [f(x)]"f'(x)dx j J OR { dx putf(x) = t & proceed ax' + bx + c >
1 I , dX > f Vax2 + bx + c <k yax + bx + c J y Express ax2 + bx + c in the form
of perfect square & then apply the standard res ults. ("0 f J ?PX ^ dx, Jf i = q
= dx . ax2 + bx + c ' ^/ax2 + bx + c (v) J [f(x) + xf'(x)] dx - x f(x) + c Expre
ss px + q=A (differential co-efficient of denominator) + B. (iv) (vi) (vii) j ex
[f(x) + f'(x)] dx = e x . f(x) + c J J f dx ns N x(x n +l) Take xn common & put
1 + x n = t . J r dx x2'(xn+l) "^ (n l ) / n
n e N , take xn common & put 1+x n = tn (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite I
ntegration [18]
(viii) dx c(l + x f n take xn common as x and put 1+x OR r n = t. dx x+bsin xcos

x + ccos 2 x dx a+bsin z x r dx J a+bcos " 2 x OR Jasin 2 Multiply N" & D 00 dx
a+bsin x OR by sec2x & put tanx = t . dx a+bcos x OR i dx a + bsin x + ccos x Hi
nt: Convert sines & cosines into their respective tangents of half the angles, p
ut tan = t (xi) (xii) a.cos x + b.sin x + c ^ Lcos x + m.sin x + n Express Nr =
A(Dr) + B (Dr) + c & proceed . dx x2+l x2-l dx OR | ; dx where K is any constant
. J x 4 + K x 2 +1 x+Kx+1 Hint: Di vide Nr & Dr by x2 & proceed . dx r dx 1 + q
& J(ax2 + bx + cj \^px + q 7t; i (ax + b) Vpx (xiii) (xiv) ; put px + q = t . (ax
j-u 1 ( dx 1 dx , put ax + b = -1 ; . , , putx=1 (ax + bx + cj yj px + qx + r +
b) J-px + qx + r J - a) (p - x) ; put x = a cos2 0 + P sin2 0 put x = a sec2 0 0
tan2 0 (xv) x- a dx or p-x ^ r I V(x ~ a ) ( x ~ P) >
dx ; put x - a = t2 or x - P = t 2 J(x - a) (x - p) (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite &

Indefinite Integration [18]
DEFINITE 1. a INTEGRAL f f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a) where J f(x) dx = F(x) + c b VERY

IMPORTANT N O T E : If F a f(x) dx = 0 => then the equation f(x) = 0 has atleas
t one root lying in (a, b) provided f is a continuous function in (a, b) . 2. PR
OPERTIES O F DEFINITE INTEGRAL : b b b a P-L b a j f(x) dx = J f(t) dt provided
f is same a c a b P - 2 f f(x) dx = - J f(x) dx a b P-3 J f(x) dx= J f(x) dx+ J
f(x) dx, where c may lie inside or outside the inter val [a, b] . This property
a c to be used when f is piecewise continuous in (a, b). a P-4 J f(x) dx = 0 if
f(x) is an odd function i.e. f(x) = - f ( - x ) . = 2 j f(x) dx if f(x) is an ev
en function i.e. f(x) = f(-x) . 0 b b a a P-5 P-6 J f(x) dx = j f(a + b - x) dx,
In particular J f(x) dx = J f(a - x)dx j f(x) dx - J f(x) dx + J f(2a - x) dx =
2 J f(x) dx if f(2a - x) = f(x) 0 0 0 0 = 0 if f( 2a - x) = - f(x) na a P-7 P-8
P-9 J f(x) dx = n Jf(x)dx ; where'a'is the period ofthe function i.e. f(a+x) =
f(x) 0 0 b+nT b j f(x) dx = J f(x) dx where f(x) is periodic with period T& n e
l .
a+nT na a j f(x) dx = (n - m) aj f(x) dx if f(x) is periodic with period 'a'. 0

b b ma P-10 If f(x) < ())(x) for a < X Jf (x)d
x < ] I f(x) I dx. P-LL P-12 If f(x) >0 on the interval [a, b], then J f(x) dx >
0. (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration [18]
WALLI'S FORMULA: ji/2 J sm-x. c o s ^ dx - [ Q - l ) ( n - 3 ) ( n - 5 ) . . . .

lot 2X(m-1)(m-3).... l o r 2 j (m+n)(m+n-2)(m+n-4).... lor2 Where K = 7C K 2 if
both m and n are even (m, n e N) otherwise -1 4. DERIVATIVE OF AN TIDERIVATIV E
FUNCTION : If h(x) & g(x) are differentiable func tions of x then, m -dx g(x) m
d t - f [ h (x)]. h'(x) - f [g (x)]. g'(x) p 1 5. DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS LIMIT OF
A SUM : b J f(x) dx = Lmut h [f (a) + f (a + h) + f (a + 2h) + a + f ( a + n-1T)
] = h I f (a + rh) where b - a = nh f=0 h f(rh) = If a = 0 & b = 1 then, Limit L
imit 6. (i) (ii) 7. 0) (iii) , v ... J f(x) d x . where n h = l 0 R 2 f f - - ]
= J f(x) dx . v n ; r=i v n y o ESTIMATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL: b For a monoton
ic decreasing function in (a, b); f(b). (b - a) < J f(x) dx < f(a). (b - a) & a
b For a monotonic increasing function in (a, b); f(a).(b - a) < j f(x) dx < f(b)
.( b - a) a SOME IMPORTANT EXPANSIONS : , 1 1 1 1 00
2 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 4 -+ = In 2 7t2 , , (u) (iv) , . , .... -5-+T+~T+T+ l2 22 3 4 -r-+++

.+ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 : 7 T 6 co=7t2 1 2 1 -+ 3 00=7 12
1 3 5 7 (v) 2~I 2 1 1 2 2 4 6 2 2" -1 1 71 2 8 2 24 (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & I

ndefinite Integration [18]
EXERCISE-I Qll Q.4 J tan 20 Vcos6 9 + sin6 0 dx K-'f Q.6 j eJ + d0 Q2f 5x4 + 4x5
(x + x + l) 5 2 dx dx cos X dx 1 + tanx by the substitution z=x + ^/x'2 +2x-1 Q
.5 Integrate j I s lx X^X2 + 2 X - 1 ^nxdx cos 9+sin 9 d0 Q.7 | cos 20 . In cos
0-sin 9 Q.IO J dx (x + Vx(l + x) ) 2 dx Q-8 f - y ^ J sin ^x + sin 2x x Q.ll J V
x ^ + 2 dx cot xdx Q.14 j (1-sin x)( sec x+1) a 2 sin 2 x+b 2 cos 2 x dx Q.9 j
4 - 2 i a sin x+b 4 cos2 x Q.12 f Q.15 j sin(xa) d x V sin(x+a) 1-Vx dx !l+Vx ^/
x2+l[ln(x2+l)-21nx] X Q.13 J (sinx)"11/3 (cosx)"1/3dx -l Q.16 j sin" dx l+ X Q.1
7 | dx Q.18 j ln(lnx)+ (lnx) dx Q.19 j x+1 4+xe*)2 dx Q.20 Integrate ^ f'(x) w.r
.t. x4 , where f(x) = tan -1 x + /n^/l+x - / n ^ l ^ ( Vx + l)dx j Vx(Vx+1) cose
c x-cotx secx ]j cosec x+cotx^/l+2secx dx Q.27 j sinx+s ecx ^Q-30 Q.22 f sin^ ,/
cos3 ^ cosx-sinx dx 7-9sin2x Q.28 J tan x.tan 2x.tan 3x dx \2 dx Q.21
Q- 23 J 3 J: + l) (x-l) V(x 2 dx _, r Q.26 j dx dx secx+cos ecx dx Q.29 j f sinx

Jsin(2x + a) . ^n(cosx+Vcos2x] Q.32 J[ ^ ~ dx sm x Q 35 \ Q.38 r 3x2 +1 (x2-l)3
e \za /= (l-x)Vl dx \ x cosx-sinx S m X dx r 3+4sinx+2cosx dx Q.31 J : 3+2sinx+co
sx Q.34 Jf ^ sin x +1 x -tan Q 37 Q.33 f ^ dx V sinx + V cosx r e cosx v sin3 x
+ cosx) (x Q.36 j ' dx sin2 x Q.3' 9 j V ' r (ax2 -b) dx J xVc2x2-(ax2+b)2 xlnx
J (^J dx dx , \ (7x-10-x ) 2 3/2 dx q.43 f J Q.40 Q.41 Jf J i z * dx v Ali+x X 4x
5 - 7x 4 + 8x3 - 2x 2 + 4x - 7 dx Q.44 { J x 2 ( x 2 +1)2 2 - 3 x j1+x }Ei Q.42
j 2 + 3x 1-x x f " " dx 1 + 3sm2x ^Bansal Classes Definite & Indefinite Integra
tion m
X 2 Q 4 5 1 ( 2+3x+3> r ~ T (x I Vj^/x+1 J 2 Q.46 j ^ - xx- x f Jf 2 dx Q.47 J (

x-a)V(x-a)(x-(3) J < (l + x 2 )dx S rae(0, T ) C vQ.50 J I V J l-2x2cosa +x4 ^ r
Q.48 dx 3 Y x V(l + x)3 Q.49 v Jcos2x i n x dx s EXERCISE-II 7 1 q'!^ ji/2 Q.4 J
sin2x. arctan(sinx)dx o Q.7 QIVTH3I d 2 x Q J 0 T/ I2 T/ I4 x dx 4 2 Q.5 J cos 3
x. sin 6xdx Q.6 j c o s x _ o o (cosx + sinx) dx (h(x)) = ^ ^ then compute the c
os (cos x) !/n3xdx Let h (x) = (fog) (x) + K where K is any constant. If f(x) va
lue of j (0) where j (x) = j" dt ; where f and g are trigonometric functions. g(x
) S W n/2 Q.8 Q.9 j 7(cos 2n_1 x - cos 2n+1 x) dx where n e N -it/2 Evaluate the
integral: J (jx + 2 yflx - 4 + Jx-2 ^2x^4 j dx 3 00 Q.10 I f P = (a) Q.ll 0 i x
r xdx -dx; Q = j l+x J 1+ X 0 2 00
oo and R = r j 0 dx T 1+ X then prove that Q= (b) P = R, (C)P-V5Q + R = ^ Provet

hat ? J a . ( n - l K a , h)x + n a h ) ^ ^ b n . _ a n-! (x+ a) (x-t- b) 2(a +
b) , q.13 J 2LJE2L dx 22 n ff vx l.Invx 2 Q.12 rx i i - x x(l-x)4 J 1+X , l 0 ,
dx 0 Jl-x rf y x 2 " x dx Q. 14 Evaluate: J 7 2 _" X +4 2V ^ Q.15 f ^ - 1f+ x d
x j 0 Q.18 Q.16 n/2 J 0 sm(f+xj f V2 dx 21 7n 2 , dx Q. 17 J j 2+sin2x ^ 0 2ti /
\ ' 7T X N x J e cosf + dx 2/ v4 Q 19 2X7+3X6-1 0X 5 -7X 3 -1 2X 2 +X+1dx X2+2
Q.20 If for non-zero x, a f(x) + bf j = f I - 5; where a ^ b then evaluate j f(x)
dx. vx ji/4 Q.21 J c o s x - s m x d x Q.22 f ( a X + b ) s C X t a n X dx (a,b

>0) v J V 7 0 10 +sin 2x 4 + tan x ' 0 (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite In
tegration [18]
Q.23 Evaluate: f f dx. I (1 + cos x) p+qn (2x+ 3 ) x 3/2 Q.24 J |x. sinTtxl dx Q
.25 Show that J | cos x| dx = 2q + sinp where q s N & - 0, b > 0) J q
< m x+b rr\c y 2 4 a V4.h ' ' x " cos x+sin x o 0 n/2 _ f . 1 -t- x I + X X.3 x
Vl +sinx+ .^1-sinx Q.30 j tan" dx ^/l+sm x - ,/l-sin x I Q.31 (a) J Vto^dx; (b)
p ^ J 2 // 2 2 v, 2 Vlx -a Ab x.dx .1.UA H ) 2a 1 Q.3 2 j | x - t ! .cos7it dt w
here 'x' is any real number o Q.34 Provethat J = J - J * n 0 1 +x 0 (l-x ) X X z
i Q.33 j x sin-1 1 2 V 2a-x a dx (n> 1) Q.35 Showthat J e " - e " o dz = e ^ f e
' ^ 4 dz o dx 2 x 4 Q.36
J r x 2 sin 2x,sin (y.cos x ) 2x-7t dx Q . 3 7 ( a ) | l ^ , J - , (b) f o l+x'V

x+x^x 3 ' 0 1+x '^ sinB dx if 0 s (0,ic) O O 1 1 Q.38 Showthat f o x + 2xcos9 +
1 =2 n x + 2xcos9 + 1 0 2 9 - 2 7i sin 9 ? dx 2 2 Q.39 Prove t h a t j (x +ax+a
) (x2+bx+b V Q.40 Q.42 Q.4 4 271 (a+b) Vâb (a 2 +ab+b 2 ) ' if . 0 g (k,2k) j J
x2(sin2x-cos2x) dx (1+sin 2x)cos2 x dx Q.41 s, X r Prove that J f f (t) dt du=
J f(u).(x-u)du. n J o V O J X ,u o (5+ 4 cosx)2
16 Q.43 Evaluate J /n(Vl-x + Vl + x)dx 27t . 2 (a) j t a n " 1 d x , (b) Evaluat

e J d0 a>b>0 [18] (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration
A Q.45 Let f(x) = - j /n cos y dy then prove that f(x) = 2f Jt/2 v4 2, -2f 71 _
X 4 2 -x/n2. Hence evaluate J sec t dt ~ .^ , r x. lnx , a x x a x -(2x332 egral
, j 1 + x666 (a) } V ( x - a ) 1 0 IM p V^P p (c)5 { dx xA/(x-a)()3-x) x.dx 4 cos
x Q.49 If f(x) = (cosx-1) 2 (cosx + 1)2 1 Q.50 Evaluate: -1 1 (cosx + 1)2 (cosx
+ 1)2 1 (cosx-1) 2 , find Jf(x) dx cos 2 x /ntan x -1, Je/ntan_ x -sin _1 (cosx
)dx. o EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.2 Q.3 If the derivative of f(x) wrtx is - then show th
at f(x)is a periodic function. f(x) Find the range of the function, f(x)= f , r
a x. dx Q.46 Showthat J f ( - + - ) . dx = lna.Jf(-+-). x +x 998 +4x 1668 -sinx
691 ) dx Q. 47 Evaluate the definite int -l Q.48 Prove that ( P - x )
SmX 1 2t c o s x + t 7 . A function f is defined in [ - 1 , 1 ] as f (x) = 2 x si

n - cos ; x ^ 0 ; f(0) = 0 ; X X f (I/71) 0 . Discuss the continuity and derivab
ility of f at x=0. Q.4 Let f(x) = [ -1 if - 2 < x < 0 I and g(x) = J f(t) dt. De
fine g (x) as a function of x and test the x -* 1 if 0 < x < 2 _2 continuity and
differentiability of g(x) in (-2 ,2). x 7 dx_ Q.5 Prove the inequalities : (a)
0 < J 0 1 8 Ml /3 (b) 2 e~1/4 < } ex2"x dx < 2e2. dx (d) ^ < J 2 + x2 " 6 2 0 2s
(c) a< f < b then find a & b. i 10+3cosx Q.6 Determine a positive integer n<5, s
uch that J e x ( x - l) n dx= 16 - 6e. (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite In
tegration [18]
Q.7 (a) /N U (b) (c) Q.8 Q.9 Using calculus If | x | < 1 then find the sum of th
e series _ L + 2 x + 4 x 3 + 1 + X 1 + X 2 1 + x4 1,1|x|I <1 provethat /! .U * I
f l - 2 x - + 2 x -r4 x 3 + 4 x 3 -8x 7r + r 1-x+x 1 x +x 1-x+x x + 1 x tan^j + 8
x? + 1+x 8 Q . O .00 = 1 + 2X - .2 l+x + x l x = 7 cot ^77 - 2cot 2x Prove the i
dentity f (x) = tanx + - tan l x + 77 tan If (j)(x) = cos x - J (x -1) cj)(t) dt
. Thenfindthe value of <|>" (x) + cj)(x). 1x d2 If y = - f f (t) sin a(x -1) dt
then prove that ^ + a 2 y =/(x). 9 A^t* a * 0 " dx X Q.10 If y = x 1 jlntdt , fin
d 7^- at x = e. dx 1 Q. 11 If f(x) = x + j [xy2+x2y] f(y) dy where x and y are i
ndependent variable. Find f(x). Q. 12 If fw = (9) de I dx ~ COS0 cosx . Show tha
t f' (9). sin 9 + 2 f(9). cos 9 = ~ r f' fx") Q. 13(a) Let g(x) = x c . e2x & le
t f(x) = J e 2t . (312 + 1)1/2 dt. F or a certain value of'c', the limit of ^ 0
g' (x) as x -> 00 isfiniteand non zero. Determine the value of'c' and the limit.
f t2 dt J JaTt (b) Find the constants 'a' (a > 0) and 'b' such that, Lim : = 1.
x-o b x - sinx 2 X Q. 14 If f: R -> R is a continuous and differentiable function
such that, J -1 x O x x
f (t) dt + f ' " (3) | dt j 1 (t ) dt - f ' (1) 3 J (t ) dt + f " (2) 2 x J (t)

dt 3 thenfindthe value of f' (4). Q. 15 Given that Un = {x(l - x)}n & n > 2 prov
e tha t - n (n - 1) Un_2 - 2 n(2n - l)Un_p 1 further if Vn - J e x . U n dx, pro
ve that when n > 2, V n + 2n(2n- l).V n _ r n(n-1) Vn_2 = 0 0 f J?nt Ait Q. 16 I
f J 22 .2 0 X ~F~ T equation. Q.17 Let f(x)= = 71 2 %n2 4 ( x > 0) then show that t
here can be two integral values of 'x' satisfying this "1-x if 0<x<l 0 if l < x
< 2 Define the function F(x) = J f(t) dt and show that F is 2 (2-x) i f 2 < x <
3 continuous in [0, 3] and differentiable in (0,3). (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite &
Indefinite Integration [18]
Q.18 Let f be an injective function such that f(x) f(y) +2 = f(x) + f(y) + ffay)
for all non negative real x& y w th ' (0) - 0 & f'' (1) = 2 # f(0). Find f(x) & s
how that, 3 J f(x) dx - x (f(x) + 2) is a constant. l/n 1/n Lim 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ (b)
Q.19 Evaluate : (a) ^ A (c) Lim I 1 + 2 + n+1 n+2 3n + 4n .. . . . bf dx 1 1 (d)
Using ab initio prove that J = - sin 2kx sinx k e N and h ence Q.20 Prove that
sinx + sin 3x + sin 5x + .... + sin (2k- 1) x : prove that, 7/ 1 2 1 1 1 j HL^dx=
: i+-+_+^+ sin x 3 5 7 . + 1 2k-l , Un constitute an AP . "J? 2 Q.21 If Un= J dx
, then show that U,, U 2 , U 3 , q sin x Hence or otherwis e find the value of U
n. Q. 22 Solve the equation for y as a function ofx, satisf ying X X x J y (t) d
t = (x +1) j t y(t) dt, where x > 0. o o 1 m!n! m, n s N. Q.23 Prove that: (a) I
ffl n = j x m . (1 - x)n dx = (m+n+1)! (b> I m ; I 1 = jox m . ( l n x ) n d x =
(-l) n (m+1 n! ^n+i m, n s N. Q. 24 Find a positive real valued continuously di
fferentiable functions/on the r eal line such that for all x X ! 2 f (x)= / ( (
/ ( t t f + C / ' W ^ j d t + e Q.25 Let f(x) be a continuously differentiable f
unction then prove that, J [t] f ' (t) dt = [x], f(x) - V f (k) i k=i where [ ] d
enotes the greatest integer funct ion and x > 1. Q.26 Let f be a function such t
hat | f(u) - f(v) I < | u - v | fo r all real u & v in an interval [a, b]. Then:
(i) Prove that f is continuous at each point of [a, b]. (ii) Assume that f is i
ntegrable on [a, b]. Prove that, f f(x) dx - (b-a) f(c) (b-a) 2 , where a < c <
b 7t f dx Q.27 Establish the inequality : < I 7 = =f 6 o V4- x - x Q. 28 < Show
that for a continuously thrice differentiable function f(x) f(x)-f(0) = x f ( 0
) + ^ - + i}f"'(t)(x-t) 2 dt 2 n / v I 1 Q.29 Prove that k = o k k 1k + T 1 S = (
" ^ ( i f\) / , k + n + 1 ("l) VK/ m+ = k o k m o
(ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration [18]
Q.30 Let / and g be function that are differentiable for all real numbers x and
that have the following properties: (1) /'(x)=/(x)-g(x) (ii) g'(x)=g(x)-/(x) (ii
i) f ( 0 ) =5 (a) (b) Prove that/(x) + g (x) = 6 for all x. Find/(x) and g (x).
(iv) g( 0)=1 EXERCISE-IV Q 1 Ftad SJsn,if: Sn=^ +T ^ +7 4 = + V4n -1 y4n -4 + V
3 n '+2n-l = = = = . [REE'97,6] X Q.2 (a) If g (x) = J c o s 4 tdt , then g (x +
%) equals : (B) g(x)-g(7C) a l s : (A)g(x) + g(7C) (b) Limit i g _ ^ e q u r=l
Vn 2 +r 2 (A)l + V5 (c) (d) (C)g(x)g(7C> (D) [g(x)/g(7l)] (B) - 1 + VJ
( Q - 1 + V2 (D)l + V2 e" The value of J dx is I 4 H e sinx ? Let F(x) = , x > 0 . I

f f dx x ' x values ofkis . dx = F (k) - F (1) then one ofthe possible (e) Deter
mine the value of J 2x 0 +sinx) d x 1 +CS X O [JEE '97,2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 5] Q.3 (a
) If ff(t)dt = x + f t f ( t ) d t , then the value o f / ( l ) is (B) 0 (C) 1 (
D) -1/2 i f \ i Y 1 Prove that f tan"1 2 dx = 2 f tan x dx . Hence or otherwise,
e valuate the integral i U-x+x ; i i Jtan _1 (l-x+x 2 )dx [JEE'98,2 + 8] (A) 1/
2 (b) Q 4 E r a l u a t e [ R E E '
9 8 6 1 (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration [18]
Q.5 (a) If for al real number y, [y] is the greatest integer less than or equal
to y, th en the value of the 3 12 7/ integral j [2 sinx] dx is: (A) - n 3,1/4 (B
) 0 (C) 2 (D) * 2 (b) rlY f is equal to : L 1+ cosx (B) - 2 R (A) 2 /N (c) Integ
rate: J ii (C) T x3 + 3x + 2 , dx (x 2 +l) (x + 1) [JEE '99, 2 + 2 + 7 + 3 (out
of200)] (d) Integrate: J cosx . -cosx -dx e +e 71/6 Q.6\\ Q.7 Evaluate the integr
al J V 3 c o s 2 x cosx (a) The value of the integral j (A) 3 /2 x [REE'99, 6] l
ogex dx is: (C) 3 (D) 5 (B) 5/2 (b) r 1 ' 1 Let g(x)= J f(t) dt, where f is such
that - < f(t) < 1 for t (0, 1] and0 < f(t) < o for t G (1,2]. Then g(2) satisfi
es the inequality: (A)-|<g(2) t For x > 0, let f (x) = j dt. Find the function f(x) + f (1/
x) and show that, 1 1+t [JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 +5] f(e) + f(l/e)= 1/2. Q.8 (a) (b
) Sn - l ~r= + Given f sin t 0 1+t 1 + + n + Vn 471 i Find Ln m i tc S_ n o > d
t = a , find the value of d t in terms of a . 41 - 2 4 7 + 2 t 7 C [ REE 2000, M
ains, 3 + 3 out of 100] r sm t u Q.9 Evaluate f sin 2x + 2 W 4 X 2 + 8 X + 13 it
/2 IT/: 9 dx. r xdx Evaluate J : 0 1 + cos a sinx [REE2001, 3 + 5] Integration [
18] 51 Q.10 (a) cos x r r3~ d x . Evaluate } 53 0 cos x + sin x (b) / (ilZ?asa/ C
lasses Definite & Indefinite
X Q. 11 (a) Let f(x) = j ^ 2 - t 2 dt Then the real roots ofthe equation x2 - f

' (x) = 0are (A)l (B) -"" (C)(D) 0 and 1 (h) Let T > 0 be afixedreal number. Suppo
se/ is a continuous function such that for all x e R T 3+3T / ( x + T) =/(x). If
I = f /fx; dx then the value of J ' j W dx is 3 0 (A) | I ( c) (B)21 (C) 3 I (D
) 61 The integral JI [x] + / n j j - ^ J dx equals (A)-(B)0 (C)l (D) 2/n [JEE 20
02(Scr.), 3+3+3] (d) For any natural number m, evaluate J (x3m + x2m + x m ) (2x
2m +3xm + 6)m dx, whe rex>0 [JEE 2002 (Mains),4] n/2 n/4 Q.12 If f is an even fu
nction then prove that J f (cos2x) cosx dx= V2 J f (sin2x) cosx dx 0 0 [JEE 2003
,(Mains) 2 out of 60] l Q-i3 (a) f^dx o (A)f + 1 = (B)f-. (C)7t (D)l (b) r4\ If
j x f ( x ) d x = - ^ t 5 , t > 0 , t h e n f v25y 0 2 (A)7 2 (B) 5 (O-f (D)l [J
EE 2004, (Scr.)] cosxc (c) If y(x) = J f 2, 2s D ên Q i+sin Ve -dx. find dx
at x = T . C [JEE 2004 (Mains), 2] (d) Evaluate J -it/3 2-cos [JEE 2004 (Mains),
4] X T C +Q.14 (a) If Jt 2 (f(t))dt = ( 1 - s i n x ) , t h e n / sinx vV3y is
(C)3 [JEE 2005 (Scr.)] (D)V3 [15] (A) 1/3 (B) i/V3 feBansal Classes Definite & I
ndefinite Integration
(b) J (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 3 + (x +1) cos(x + l))dx is equal to - 2 [JEE 2005 (Scr.)
] (D)6 [JEE 2005, Mains,2] (A)-4 (c) Evaluate: fe 0 |cos (B)0 f (C)4 x'N cosx si
n x dx. ^ 2sin - c o s x +3 cos v2 jj v2 , V Q15 ^W5?^TdXisequalt0 (A) V2x4-2x2+
l+c x -2xz+l (B) V2X 4 -2X 2 +1 +C (D) 2x 2 [JEE 2006,3] (C) +C Comprehension Q.
16 Suppose we define the definite integral using the following formula (f(x)dx =
mo re accurate result for c e (a, b) F(c) = b ^ ^ (f(a)+f(b)),for Jf(x)dx = ^ (
f ( a ) + f ( b ) + 2f(c>) a it/2 ib - a _ 2 ^ (f (a) + f (c)) + - (f (b) + f (
c)). When c = p p , 2 ^ (a) | sin xdx is equal to o (A)|(l + V2) + 71 ( C ) ^ +
f ( a)) 71 (D) 4V2 jf(x)dx_i_i(f(t) (b) If/(x) is a polynomial and if Lim t->a
0 for all a then the degree off (x) can atmost be (A)l (c) (B)2 (C)3 (D)4 If /"(
x) < 0, V x s (a, b) and c is a point such that a < c < b, and (c,/(c)) is the p
oint lying on the curve for which F(c) is maximum, then/'(c) is equal to (A) f(b
)-f(a) b-a (B) 2(f(b)-f(a)) b-a (C) 2f(b)~f(a) 2b-a (D)0 [JEE 2006, 5 marks each
] 5050 } ( I - x 5 R dx Q. 17 Find the value of J ( I - x 5 R < dx [JEE 2006,6]
[18] (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q.l In l + Vl + 3cos 2 20 +C cos 20 ^ _ Q.2 x+1 7 x + x +1

+ C f x - iN 1 x j o x 3 1 Q.3 - /n(cosx + sinx) + - + - (sin 2x + cos 2x) + c
Q.4 ta n -1 x X - . 7 \ - In - I all / - +c 0 2 o 8 4(x - 1 ) 16 VX + V Q.5 2 tan -1
(x+Vx 2 +2x-l) + c Q.7 (c) - (sin 20) In f Q.6 I * - .e/ 1 Q.8 - In +c cos9 + s
inG ] 1 - - /n(sec20) + c cos9 - sin9j 2 +c 1/2 + C tanx +c tanx+2 whent = x + V
^ / -1 a tanx x + tan JJ V Q.ll J ( x + V ^ " ) ' f Q.IO + (x+VX 2 + 2 cosx \ Q
.12 cos a. arc cos v cosa y 1 , ^x-sin 2""^ + C - sin a In (sinx + Jsin 2 ^ 3(l+
4tan ttt 1 x) Q.13 ^ +c 8(tan x) + arc cos Vx+c ,1 , x x Q.14 - In tan- + - sec2
- +tan - + c Q.16 (a + x) arc tan - âx + c Q.15 V^Jl^x-2-Jl^ Q.17 Q.19 /x 2 (x
2 + l \l +1 2-31nfl+-^ 9x V x In xe" x x + c v l+xe j l+xe Q.18 xln (lnx) - + c
lnx Q.20-/n(l-x4) + c t4 t2 1 z -1 Q.21 6 - +1 + ~/n(l + t ) - tan 1 + C where t
= x1/6 4 2 2 Q.23 +C Q24. sin"1 sec v.2 2j F Q. 2 2 1 + -yjcOSj . +2tan" 1 Jcosf
-In +c v ycosf 1 - ycosi vx-ly + C ~ 1 , (4+3sin x+3cos x) Q.25 In+c 24 (4-3sin x
-3cos x) Q 27 1 2V3
Q.2 2 sin x - cos x p=ln tan V2 X 71 ^ + C VT+sin x-cos x + arc tan (sin x+cos x)+
c V3 -sm x+cos x Q.28 -^n(secx) - ^ ^n(sec2x) +^n(sec3x) + c +c Q.30 x sin x +co
sx +c xcosx-smx c Q.291 In cotx+cota+^/cot 2 x+2cotacotx-l V sina Q.32 ' x ^ Q.3
1 2x-3arctan tan+1 +c v 2 , Vcos2x - x - cotx . In (e (cosx + Vcos2x)j + smx Inte
gration (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite [18]
1 1 t2 Q.33 /n(l +1) - - /n(l +1*) + ^ /n t2 + _ 1, X 1 2X Q.34 lntan tan +c 2 2 4

2 Q.36 c - ecos x (x + cosec x) Q.37 _ lnx Q.40 arcsecx, +c sin-1 -Jit + 1 + 1 1
t a n . + c - j * (x2-l)2 where 1= , Vcotx Q.35 c ax +b +k Q.38 ex J ^ cx J + c Q
.39 20>> 9^7x-10-x 2 +c i I 2 /r l+2u + c where u = 3 Q.41 In , ' + V3tr~ 1 V3tan
4 2 V 1+x V3 Vu +u + l 1+x 1 . f V51 - 1 - |sin 1 x - ^/l-x 2 j + c where t = h
^~7= Q.42 - tan t + r= x 2V5 vv5t + 1 Q.43 tan 2 .^2 sin 2x +c v sinx + cosxy x 7
Q.44 4 / n x + - + 6 t a n - 1 ( x ) + X J2-X-X2 x 6x ITX j +C . sin (2x+l +c ^
3 Q.45 i=arctanp +c V3 V^+i) Q.47 - J - + c a-p y x-a Q.49 Q.46 + 4 V2 f 4 - x + 2
2 J 2 - x -x x -2
x^ Q.48 1 n x4 - x - 22 15 , V T + x - i +c + In 8 71 + X + 1 4x2 y l + x V2 l V
2 - t n '1-0 - /n 2 vl + ty where t = cos9 and 9 = cosec'(cotx) \ a cosec 2/ y Q.
50 a cosec tan -1 2 v, 2x EXERCISE-II 2 Q.l ft Q.2 /n2 Q.3 6 - 2e Q.4 - - 1 2 Q.5
^ 64 Q.6 In2 8 Q.7 1 - sec(l) Q.8 Q . 9 2n + l 2 V2 + | (3 V3 - 2V2) Q.12 17 f
22 7t J ^ 7t Q.13-(l-ln4) Q.14 4V2-4/n(V2 + l) Q.15 ^ Q.16 Q.17^=Q.18- ^ ( e 2 *
+ l ) _ 71 16V2 _ (aln2-5a+^) 7t(7t + 3) V2 Q.21 i arc tan 3 3 Q.24 371+1 7t2 Q
27 l" arc tan3
Q.22 (a7t + 2b)7t 3V3 Q.23 (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration [1
8]
Q.28 71 2a(a+b) Q.29 57t 3 2 71 Q.30 ^ L 16 Q.31 (a) ^=[rc+21n(V2-l)] (b) 12 Q.3
6% 1 2 Q.325-cos7ixforO<x< 1; 71 2 for x> 1 & 2 f o r x ^ 71 2 Q- 3 3 4 Q.37(a)f
( b ) ^ Q.40 ^ - 7 /n2 16 4 Q.42 ^ 27 Tt Q.43 - In 2 + 71 + 2 167t _ rr 271 i-J^
b2 Q.44 (a) 2V3 (b) Q.45 - / n 2 Q.47 4 666 32 Q.49 -2ti - Q.50 --(l+/n2) + 8 4 2
EXERCISE-III Q.2 Q.4 ,
- - , - ( 71 T , C Q.3 cont. & der. at x = 0 g(x) is cont. in (-2, 2); g(x) is de

r. at x = 1 & not der. at x = 0 . Note that; -(x + 2) 2 g(x) = - 2 + x - ^ ^--x1 for - 2 < x < 0 for 0 <x< 1 for 1 <x< 2 Q. lOl+e R 2 Q.5 a= 2TI &b= 27T Q.6n=3
Q.7 (a) -1 x Q.8 - cos x Q.ll f(x) = x + 119 119 Q.13 (a) c = 1 and Limit willbe
(b) a = 4andb =1 X Q.14 10 Q.16 x = 2 or 4 Q.17 F(x)= -T \ x2 if if 0<x<l l<x<2
2<x<3 Q.21 U n = ^ 2 M . 1 k if 3 2 Q.18 f(x) = l + x 2 Q.19 (a) - (b)2e( 1/2 )
("- 4 ) (c) 3 - / n 4 e f (X) = e x + 1
Q.22 y = ^ e"1/x Q.24 Q.30 f (x) = 3 + 2e2x; g (x) = 3 - 2e2x (ilZ?asa/ Classes D
efinite & Indefinite Integration [18]
Q.l ti/6 I EXER CISE-IV Q.2 (a) A (b) B (c) 2 (d) 16 (e) %2 VN+I Q.3 (a) A (b) h
Q. Q.4 Q.5 2vn I rln -C1I vn-i I 3 1 1 x n (a) C, (b) A; (c) - t a n ^ x - - / n
( l +x) + - /n(l +x 2 ) + y f r + c, (d) Q.6 y - 71 - 2 tan-1 V2 Q.7 (a) B, (b)
B, (c) C, (d) - /n 2 x Q.8 (a) 2/n2, ( b ) - a 1 57t_J. Q.10 (a) 4 3 Q.9 ( x +
l ) t a n - 1 ^ j ^ " ^ n ( 4 x 2 + 8x + 13)+C 7ta , (b)I sin a 7t if a e (0,7t)
sin a Q.ll (a) A (b) C, (c) B, (d) (a - 27i) if a e (71,27:) m+l + 6 x 1 m 1 + C
Q.13 (a) B, (b) A, (c) 2%, (d) 47t ^ tan -1
Q.14 (a) C, (b) C, (c) ^ ecos V f f 1 \ e . fi\ A -1 + sin 2 k2J J Q.17 5051 Q.15
D Q.16 (a) A, (b) A, (c) A (ilZ?asa/ Classes Definite & Indefinite Integration [
18]
MATHEMATICS 1 .,, X H (ALL) :: | QUESTION BANK ON DETERMINANT & MATRICES T i m e

L i m i t : 4 Sitting Each of 75 M i n u t e s duration approx.
Question bank on Determinant & Matrices There are bank. Select the correct alter
native : (Only one fthe determinant cos (nx) cos (n+1) x cos (n+2) x (n+l)x sin(
n+2)x (A) n Q.2 (B) a (Ox (D) a, n and Q.l
102 questions in this question is correct) a2 a 1 The value o is independent of:
sin(nx) sin x
0 1 A is an involutary matrix given by A= 4 - 3 3 - 3 (A) 2 A -l (B) -1 4 then t
he inverse of will be 2 4 (C) (D)A2 Q.3 1+a 1 1 If a, b, c are all different fro
m zero & 1 1+b 1 = 0, then the value of a -1 + b -1 + c_1 is 1 1 1+c (A) abc (B)
a"1 b"1 c"1 (C) - a - b - c (D) - 1 Q.4 If A and B are symmetric matrices, then
ABA is (A) symmetric matrix (B) skew sym metric (C) diagonal matrix (D) scalar
matrix 1 cos(P~a) cos(y-a) If a, 3 & y are real numbers, then D = cos(a-p) 1 cos
(y-P) cos(a-y) cos(p-y) 1 (A) - 1 (C) cos a + cos P + cosy cos9 -sin 6 sine cose
}A-lissivenby (B)AT (C)-A T (D)A (B) cos a cosp cosy (D) zero Q.5 Q.6 IfA (A)-A
Q.7 Ifthe system of equations ax+y+z = 0, x+by+z = 0 & x+y+cz = Q (a, b, c ^ 1)
has a non-trivial solution, then the value of (A) - 1 1-a (B) 0 + T~R + T IS : 1b 1c (C) 1 (D) none of these . Out of the given matrix products Q. 8 4 Consider t
he matrices A= 3 3 6 -1" [2 4"! 0 2 ,B = 0 1 ,c= 1 2 1 -2 5 -1 2 (i) ( A B ) T C
(ii)CTC(AB)T (A) exactly one is defined (C) exactly three are de fined (iii) CT
AB and (iv)ATABBTC (B) exactly two are defined (D) all four are defined (IBansal
Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [4]
Q. 9 The value of a for which the system of equations ; a 3 x+(a+1 )3 y + (a+2)

3 z = 0, a x + ( a + l ) y + (a+2)z = 0 & x + y + z = 0 has a non-zero solution
is : (D) none of these (A) 1 (B) 0 (C) - 1 1 aî IfA= q j j, then An (where n N)
equa ls '1 v0 na^l \j Q.IO (A) (B) 0 v (\ nM 1 , (C) (\ na^ vo o, CD) V n 2 Q.ll
l+sin 2 x cos2x Let f(x) = sin2x l+cos 2 x cos2x sin2x (A) 2 "3 1 4" -6 (B)4 4s
in2x : 4sin2x , then the maximum value of f (x) l+4sin2x (C) 6 (D) 8 Q.12 IfA= a
ndB = "-2 5" 6 1 then X such that A + 2X = B equals 5 (C) - 1 2 0 2 3 (A) - 1 0
3 5 (B) - 1 0 (D)none of these Q.13 x + 3x x - 1 x+3 If px + qx + r x + s x + t
= x+1 2 - x x - 3 then t = x - 3 x+4
3x 4 3 2 (A) 33 Q.14 (B) 0 (C) 21 (D) none IfA and B are invertible matrices, wh
ich one ofthe following statements is not c orrect (A) Adj. A = | A| A-1 (B) det
(A-1) = |det (A)|_1 1 1 ! (C) (A + B)- = B+ A~ (D) (AB)-1 = B"1 A"1 a" +1 ab ac
2 ba b +1 be then D = ca cb c2 +1 (B) a2 + b2 + c2 (C) (a+b +c) 2 (D) none Q.15
If D (A) 1 + a2 + b 2 + c2 Q.16 IfA= , c (A) k = be b^l ^ j satisfies the equat
ion x2 - (a + d)x+k = 0, then (B) k = ad (C) k = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 (D)ad-bc (IBa
nsal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [4]
(ax + a~x)~ (a x -a" x )" 1 Q, 17 If a, b, c> 0 & x, y, z e R, then the determin

ant (by + b~y)2 (b y -b- y ) 2 1 (c z +c" z ) 2 (A) axbycz (B) a-xb-yc(C) a2xb2
y c2z (c z -c" z ) 2 1 (D) zero Q. 18 Identify the incorrect statement in respec
t of two square matrices A and B conformable for sum and product. (A) tr(A + B)
= tr(A) + tr(B) (B) tr(aA) = a t r (A\ a s R (C) tr(AT) - tr(A) (D) tr(AB) * tr(
BA) COS Q. 19 The determinant (0 + (j)) sin (9+4>) cos 2^) cos 6 sin4> is : sinG
sin9 cos(f) -cos (B) independen t of 9 (D) independent of 9 & (j) both (A) 0 (C)
independent of (f) Q.20 IfAandB are non singular Matrices ofsame order then Adj.
(AB)is (A) Adj. (A ) (Adj. B) (B) (Adj. B) (Adj. A) (C) Adj. A+Adj. B (D) none
of these a+1 a+2 a+p Q.21 If a + 2 a + 3 a + q= 0, then p, q, r are in : a+3 a+4
a+r (A) AP X-rX X (B) GP X X (C) HP (D) none Q.22 LetAX x x+X X x+X , , then A
-1 exists if (B) X * 0 (D)x*0, (A) x 0 (C) 3x + X * 0, X * 0 1 logxy logxz l lOg
y is Q. 23 For positive numbers x, y & z the numerical value ofthe determinant l
Ogy X logzx logzy (A) 0 Q.24 (B) 1 (C) 3 (C) Kn (D) none (D)K 1 If K g Rq then d
et. {adj (KIn)} is equal to (A) K" ~1 (B)K n ( n _ 1 ) (IBansal Classes Q. B. on
Determinant & Matrices [4]
Q.25 bj + Cj Cj + aj aj + b, The determinant b, + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2 b3 + c3 c3

+ a3 a3 + b3 i b, Cj a2 b2 c2 (A) a 3 b3 c3 a i b i ci (B)2 a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3 a
i b i ci (C)3 a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3 a i b, c, (D)4 a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3 a Q.26 Which of
the following is an orthogonal matrix 6/7 (A) 2/7 3/7 -6/7 (C) -2/7 7 3/ 2/7 3/7
-6/7 -2/7 3/7 6/7 -3/7 6/7 2/7 -3/7 6/7 2/7 6/7 (B) 2/7 3/7 "6/7 (D ) -2/77 6/
2/7 -3/7 6/7 -2/7 2/7 2/7 3/7 6/7 -2/7 3/7' -3/7 3/7 1+a+x a+y a+z Q. 27 The det
erminant b+x 1+b+y b + z c+x c+y 1+c+z (A) (1 +a + b + c) (1 +x+y + z) - 3 (ax+b
y+cz) (B) a(x+y) + b(y+z) + c (z+x) - (xy+yz+zx) (C) x(a + b) + y(b + c) + z(c +
a) - (ab + bc + ca) (D) none of these Q. 2 8 Which o f the following statements
is incorrect for a square matrix A. (| A | ^ 0 ) (A) IfA is a diagonal matrix,
A -1 will also be a diagonal matrix (B) IfA is a symme tric matrix, A-1 will als
o be a symmetric matrix (C) IfA -1 = A => Ais an idempo tent matrix (D) IfA-1 =
A => Ais an involutary matrix Q. 29 The determinant c1 y c, z x X y C, c X y Cj
z c C: C; Z C: (B) ~ xyz(x+y-z) (y+z--x) (D) none (A) \ xyz (x+y) (y+z) (z+x) (C
) x y z ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( z - x ) Which ofthe following is a nilpotent matri
x "1 0" (A) 0 1 cos9 (B) sin 9 -sin9 cos 9 "0 0" (C) 1 "1 1 (D) 1 1
(IBansal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [4]
Q.31 a3 a - 1 3 4 If a, b, c are all different and b b b - 1 = 0, then : a (A) a

bc(ab + bc + ca) = a + b + c (C) abc(a + b + c) = ab + bc + ca Q.32 (B) (a + b +
c) (ab+bc + ca) = abc (D) none of these Give the correct order of initials T or
F for following statements. Use T if sta tement is true and F if it is false. S
tatement-1: IfAis aninvertible 3 x 3 matri x and B is a 3 x 4 matrix, then A"'B
is defined Statement-2 : It is never true t hat A+ B, A - B, and AB are all defi
ned. Statement-3: Every matrix none ofwhose entries are zero is invertible. Stat
ement-4: Every invertible matrix is square a nd has no two rows the same. (A) TF
FF (B)TTFF (C) TFFT (D)TTTF O O 1 C3 C2 3 If co is one ofthe imaginary cube root
s ofunity, then the value ofthe determinant ( O 1 a o2 C 1 O (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (
D) none Q.33 Q.34 Identify the correct statement: (A) If system of n simultaneou
s linear equations has a unique solution, then coefficient matrix is singular (B
) If system of n s imultaneous linear equations has a unique solution, then coef
ficient matrix is n on angular 1 (C) IfA"1 exists, (adjA)"1 may or may not exist
b C c <)f;tXL ^ J A ' I -"> Sivnpl ( I aJjJJLscosx - s i n x 0 (D) F(x) = sinx 0
cosx 0 0 , then F(x) . F(y) = F(x - y) 0 a+p 1+x u+f Q. 3 5 If the determinant
b+q m+y v+g splits into exactly K determin ants of order 3, each element of c+r
n+z w+h r l n n , .. which contains only on e term, then the value of K, is J r f
(A) 6 (B)8 (C)9 (D)12 J Q. 3 6 A and B are two given matrices such that the ord
er ofA is 3 x 4, if A' B and B A ' are both defined then (A) order of B' is 3 x
4 (B) order of B'A is 4 x 4 (C) o rder of B'A is 3 x 3 (D) B'A is undefined Ifth
e system of equations x+2y+3z = 4, x+py+2z = 3, x+4y+pz = 3 has an infinite numb
er of solutions, then : (A) p = 2 , p = 3 (B) p = 2 , p = 4 (C) 3p = 2 p (D) non
e of these Q.37 faBansal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [10]
Q.38 cos a If A = sina cosa multiple of . (A) a 7t sina cosa sin a ; B = cos 2 p
sin P cos P sinP cosp sin 2 p are such that, AB is a null matrix, then which of
the following should necessari ly be an odd integral (B)P (C)a-p (D) a + p a b a
+b a c a+c b + d then the value of Ei where b * 0 and Q.39 Let Dj = c d c + d an
d D- = b d JL D a b a-b a c a +b+c ad * be, is (A)-2 (B)0 cos0 -sin 9 sin 9 cosO
(C) - 2b (D)2b Q. 40 For a given matrix A= (A) A = A -1 V9eR which of the follow
ing statement holds good? 71 (C) A is an orthogonal matrix for 9 6 R (B) A is sy
mmetric, for 9 = (2n + 1) , n e l (D) A is a skew symmetric, for 9 = nTt; n I 1
+ a x (1 + b )x (1 + c )x 2 2 2 Q.41 If a + b + c =-2and f(x) = (l + a )x l + b
x (l + c )x then f (x) is a polynomial of degree (l + a 2 )x (l + b 2 )x l + c 2
x 2 2 2 (A)0 (B) 1 (C)2 (D)3 x 3 2 Q.42 Matrix A= 1 y 4 , if x y z = 60 and 8x
+ 4y + 3z = 20, then A (adj A) is equal to 2 2 z 64 0 0 (A) 0 64 0 0 0 64 88 0 0
0 (B) 0 88 88 0 0 68 0 0 (C) 0 68 0 0 0 68 34 0 0 (D) 0 34 0 0 0 34 Q. 43 The v
alues of 9, X for which the following equations , sin9x - cos9y + (A+ 1 )z = 0;
cos9x + sin9y - Xz = 0; Xx +(A, +1 )y + cos9 z = 0 have non trivial so lution, i
s (A) 9 = mr, X e R - {0} (B) 9 = 2mr, X is any rational number (C) 9 = (2n + l)
7t, X e R+, n e I Tt (D)9 = (2n+ 1), X e R, n e I Zi Q.44 IfA is matrix such that
A 2 +A+2I = 0 , then which of the following is INCO RRECT? (A)Aisnon-singular (
B)A ^ O (C) Ais symmetric (D) A -1 = - (A+1) [4] (Where I is unit matrix of order
2 and O is null matrix of order 2) faBansal Classes
Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [10]
Q. 45 The system of equations: 2x cos20 + y sin20 - 2sin0 = 0 x sin20 + 2y sin20

= - 2 cosO x sin0 - y cos0 = 0, for all values of 0, can (A) have a unique non
- trivial solution (C) have infinite solutions (B) not have a solution (D) have
a trivial solution 1 1 z 3 v2 J / (C) 1 Q. 46 The number of solution ofthe matri
x equation X2 (A) more than 2 (B)2 IS (D)0 Q. 47 If x, y, z are not all simultan
eously equal to zero, satisfying the system of equations (sin30)x-y + z = O (cos
20)x + 4y + 3z= 0 2x+7y+7z=0 then the numbe r of principal values of 0 is (A) 2
(B)4 (C)5 (D)6 1 2 6 - 3 -5 3 0 2 - 1 5 3 an d 2 A - B = 2 - 1 6 1 0 1 2 (C)2 (D
)none Q.48 Let A+2B then Tr (A) - Tr (B) has the value equal to (A) 0 (B) 1 z u2
a 2 +, b c Q.49 For a non - zero, real a, b and c a c u2 , Jl b +c a b c a _2 ,
c +_2 a = a abc, then the values of a is (A)-4 (B)0 (C)2 (D)4 "l 3" "l o" Q.50
Given A= 2 2_ ;I = 0 1 . IfA - XI is a singular matrix then (A) X e < J > (B) X2
- 3A, - 4 = 0 (C) X2 + 3X + 4 = 0 (D)X 2 -3X~6 = 0 Q. 51 Ifthe system of equati
ons, a2 x - ay = 1 - a & bx+(3 - 2b) y=3 + a possess a unique solution x = 1, y
= 1 then: (A) a= 1; b = - 1 (B) a = - l , b = l (C) a = 0, b = 0 (D) none faBans
al Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [10]
1 Q.52 Let A ~S1\11U (A) Det (A) = 0 sinB 1 * - s~n A ine 6 S1 D sin6 1 " 1 , wh
ere 0 < 9 < 2n, then (C) Det (A) e [2, 4] (D)DetAe [2, oo) (B) Det A e (0, Q ) O
Q. 53 Number of value of 'a' for y = 4 + a2 ax + (2a - i ) y = a5 2 [1/2 Q.54 I
fA= 1 2 3 , A -1 = 2] c , then 1/2 1 (C)a = - 1, c= (D) infinite (B) a = 2, c =
1 1 (D)a=-,c=Q. 5 5 Number of triplets of a, b & c for which the system of equat
ions, ax - by = 2a - b and (c + l)x + cy = 10 - a + 3 b has infinitely many solu
tions and x = 1, y = 3 is one of the solutions, is: (A) exactly one (B) exactly
two (C) exact ly three (D) infinitely many Q.5 6 D is a 3 x 3 diagonal matrix. W
hich of the fo llowing statements is not true? (A) D' = D (B) AD = DAfor every m
atrix Aof order 3x3 1 (C) D if exists is a scalar matrix (D) none ofthese Q. 57
The following s ystem of equations 3x - 7y + 5z = 3; 3x + y + 5z - 7 and 2x + 3y
+ 5z = 5 are (A ) consistent with trivial solution (B) consistent with unique n
on trivial soluti on (C) consistent with infinite solution (D) inconsistent with
no solution A2n_| are n skew symmetric matrices ofsame order then B = ]T(2r~ l
) ( A 2 r l ) 2 r i will r=l at f' Q.58 IfAj, A3, be (A) symmetric (C) neither s
ymmetric nor skew symmetric x 2x-l Q. 59 The numbe r of real values of x satisfy
ing 7x-2 (A) 3 (B)0 (B) skew symmetric (D) data is adequate 3x + 2 4x 17x + 6 2x
-l 3x + l = 0 is 12x -l (D)l X+ l X+l (C) more than 3 X-l X Q.60 Number of real
values of X for which the matrix A= 2 - 1 X+3 X-2 (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 3 has no inv
erse (D) infinite which the system of equations, a2 x + (2 - a ) - 2 possess no
solution is (B)l (A) 0 (0)2 "0 1 - 4 3 a 1 5/2 (A) a - 1, c = - 1 -1/2 3 -3/2 1/
1
tl Bansal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [9]
Q.61 IfD = 1 z (y + z) x2 y(y + z) x2z 1 z 1 x + 2y + z xz X (x + y) z2 1 y(x +

y) xz2 X then, the incorrect statement is (A) D is independent ofx (C) D is inde
pendent of z (B) D is independent of y (D) D is dependent on x, y, z Q.62 If eve
ry element of a square non singular matrix Ais multiplied by k and th e new matr
ix is denoted by B then | A-11 and | B_11 are related as (A)|A- , | = k|B- 1 | (
B)| A_1| = B_1| (C)| A -1 | = k n |B _ 1 | (D) | A_1| =k _ n |B _ 1 | where n is
order of matrices, mx mx-p mx+p n n+p n-p theny = f(x) represents Q.6 3 Iff'(x)
= mx + 2n mx + 2n + p mx + 2 n - p (A) a straight line parallel to x ax is (C) p
arabola 1 -1 2 1 Q.64 Let A= 1 1 (A)-2 "4 1 - 3 and 10B = - 5 1 1 (B)-l (B) a st
raight line parallel to y- axis (D) a straight line with negative slope 2 2" 0 a
. If B is the inverse of matrix A, then a is -2 3 (C)2 (D) 5 2 3 x 1 (x-1) X x-1
x2 ' (x + 1) Q.65 If D(x) = then the coefficient ofx in D(x) is 2 (x + 1) (x +
1) (A) 5 (B)-2 (C)6 (D)0 Q. 66 The set of equations Xx-y + (cos9)z = 0 3x + y +
2z =0 (cos9)x + y + 2z = 0 0 < 9 < 271, has non- trivial solutions) (A) for no v
alue of X and 9 (B) for a ll values of X and 9 (C) for all values of X and only
two values of 9 (D) for on ly one value of X and all values of 9 Q.67 Matrix A s
atisfies A2 = 2A-1 where I is the identity matrix then for n > 2, An is equal to
(n s N) (A)nA-I (B) 2 n _ 1 A - ( n - 1 ) 1 ( C ) n A - ( n - l ) I (D^Â-I faB
ansal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [10]
a 2 +1 ab ac 2 ab b +1 be Q. 68 If a, b, c are real then the value of determinan

t = 1 if ac be c2+l (A) a + b + c = 0 (B) a + b + c = 1 (C) a + b + c = - 1 (D)
a = b = c = 0 Q. 69 Read the following mathematical statements carefully: I. Th
ere can exist t wo triangles such that the sides of one triangle are all less th
an 1 cm while th e sides of the other triangle are all bigger than 10 metres, bu
t the area of the firsttriangle is larger than the area of second triangle. n. I
f x, y, z are all different real numbers, then 1 ( x ~ y) (y-z) in. log3x log4x
log5x=(log3x log4x ) + (log4x log5x) + (log5x log3x) is true for exactly for one
real value of x. I V. A matrix has 12 elements. Number of possible orders it ca
n have is six. Now i ndicate the correct alternatively. (A) exactly one statemen
t is INCORRECT. (B) e xactly two statements are INCORRECT. (C) exactly three sta
tements are INCORRECT. (D) All the four statements are INCORRECT. Q. 70 The syst
em of equations (sinG) x + 2z = 0, (cos0)x+(sin0)y = 0, (cos9)y + 2z = a has (A)
no unique solution (B) a unique solution which is a function of a and 0 (C) a u
nique solution which is independent of a and 0 (D) a unique solution which is in
dependent of 0 only "1 2 3" 0" 2 0 5 andb = - 3 . Which of the following is true
? Q.71 LetA= 0 2 1 1 (A ) Ax=b has a unique solution. (C) Ax=b has infinitely ma
ny solutions. (B) Ax=b h as exactly three solutions. (D) Ax = b is inconsistent.
+1 1 l x-y + l y-z + l \ z-x 2 Q. 72 The number of positive integral solutions
of the equation x3 + l xy xz2 (A )0 x2y x2z y3 +1 y2z = 11 is yz z3+l (B)3 (C)6
(D)12 Q.73 If A B and C are n x n matrices and det(A) = 2, det(B) = 3 and det(C)
= 5, then the value ofthe det(A 2BC~') is equal to (A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 18 CD) 24 f
aBansal Classes
(1 + x)2 Q.74 The equation 2x + l x+1 (1-x) 3x 2x (1 + x)2 2x + l x + 1 -(2 + x

) 2 3x 2x l~5x + (1-x) l-2x 3x-2 2x-3 2-3x (B) has 4 real solutions (D) has infi
nite number of solutions, real or non-real a + 2b a+b is a (C) 3b2 (a + b) (D) 7
a2 (a + b) -4 3 _then (A) has no real solution (C) has two real and two non-real
solutions a a+2b The value of the determinant a+b (A) 9a2 (a + b) (B) 9b2 (a +
b) a+b a a+2b Q. 75 "3 "3 4" "2 l" Q. 76 Let three matrices A= 4 1 ; B = 2 3 and
C = -2 tr(A) + t r ( A) 6 Q. 77 1-X 2 -3 X 2 -2 (A)0 'ABC N + t. ' A ( B C ) 2 ^
+ t. 'A(BC) 3 ^ 8 + + 00 = (D)none (B) 9 1 - 2 = 0 is 1+X (B)2 ( Q 12 The numbe
r of positive integral solutions (C)3 (D)l Q. 78 P is an orthogonal matrix and A
is a periodic matrix with period 4 and Q= P AP T then X = p T Q 2 0 0 5 p will =
PAP be equal to (D)A4 (A)A (B)A2 (C) A3 a-x Q.79 If x = a + 2b satisfies the cu
bic (a, b eR) f (x)= b b (A) real and differ ent (C) imaginary Q.80 A is a 2 x 2
matrix such that A J j = (A)-l (B)0 b a-x b b b =0, then its other two roots ar
e a-x (B) real and coincident (D) such that one is real and other imaginary -1 2
1 ^ 2 and A J j = ^ , The sum ofthe elements ofA, is (C)2 (D)5 Q. 81 Three digi
t numbers xl7,3y6 and 12z where x, y, z are integers from 0 to 9 , are divisible
by a fixed x 3 1 constant k. Then the determinant 7 6 z must be divisible by 1
y 2 (A)k (B)k2 (C)k 3 (D) None faBansal Classes
Q.82 In a square matrix A of order 3, a; ;'s are the sum of the roots of the equ
ation x2 - (a + b)x + ab= 0; a; j + 5's are the product of the roots, {_ j's ar
e all unity and the rest of the elements are all zero. The value of the det. (A)
is equal to (A) 0 ' (B) (a + b)3 (C) a3 - b3 (D) (a2 + b2)(a + b) 28 25 38 Q,83
Let N = 42 38 65 , then the number of ways is which N can be resolved as a prod
u ct of two 56 47 83 divisors which are relatively prime is (A) 4 (B) 8 Q. 84 If
A B, C are the angles of a triangle and the triangle is (A) a equilateral (C) a
r ight angled triangle Q.85 x L L e t a =x/nx ^ . d= T Lim j (C)9 (D)16 1 1 1 1 +
sin A 1 + sinB 1 + sin C = 0, then sin A + sin A sin B +sin B sin C + sin C (B)
an isosceles (D) any triangle 1 x/nx 3 T. x 16x /n (1 + sin x) T. Lim ; c = Lim
^ and ->o 4x + x x-ô x x a b (X+1) r then the matrix c d is x->-i 3(sin( x +1)
- (x +1)) K + l)-[X + l)) (B) Involutary (C) Non singular (D) Nilpotent (A) Idem
potent Q.86 Ifthe system of linear equations x + 2ay + az = 0 x + 3by + bz 0 x +
4cy + cz = 0 has anon-zero solution, then a, b, c (A) are in G .P. (C) satisfy
a + 2b + 3c = 0 (B) are in H.P. (D) are in A. P. Q. 87 Give the correct order of
initials T or F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and F if i
t is false. Statement-1: If the graphs of two lin ear equations in two variables
are neither parallel nor the same, then there is a unique solution to the syste
m. Statemeat-2: If the system of equations ax + by = 0, cx + dy = 0 has a non-ze
ro solution, then it has infinitely many solutions . Statement-3: The system x +
y + z= l,x = y, y = l + z i s inconsistent. Statem ent-4: Iftwo of the equation
s in a system of three linear equations are inconsis tent, then the whole system
is inconsistent. (A) FFTT (B)TTFT (D)TTTF (C) TTFF Q .88 Let A 1 + x 2 - y2 ~ z
2 2(xy + z) 2(zx-y) 2 2 2 2(xy-z) 1+y -z -x 2(yz + x) then det. Ais equal to 2 2
2 2(zx + y) 2(yz-x) 1+z -x -y (B) (1 +x 2 + y2 + z2)3 (D) (1 +x 3 + y3 + z3)2 Q
. B. on Determinant & Matrices (A)(l +xy + yz + zx)3 (C)(xy + yz + zx)3 faBansal
Classes [10]
Select the correct alternatives : (More than one are correct) Q.89 The set of eq
uations x - y + 3z = 2 , 2 x - y + z = 4 , x - 2 y + az = 3 has (A) unique solu
t on only for a = 0 (B) unique solution for a * 8 (C) infinite number of solutio
ns for a = 8 (D) no solution for a = 8 Q.90 Suppose al5 (A)A= i a4 a5 a a real n
umbers, with at * 0. If a1? 2 a5 a6 a aj, are in A.P. then 3 a6 is singular a7 (
B) the system of equations a,x + a ^ + agZ = 0, a4x + a5y + a6z = 0, ayX + a8y +
a9z = 0 has infinite number of solutions (C)B a, ia2 ia2 a, j is non singular;
where i - V-l (D) none of these a2 a2 - (b-c) 2 be Q. 91 The determinant b2 b2 (c-a) 2 ca is divisible by : c2 c2 - (a-b) 2 ab (A) a + b + c (C) a2 + b2 + c2
(B) (a+b) (b + c) (c + a) (D) ( a - b ) ( b - c ) ( c - a ) Q. 92 IfA and B are
3 x 3 matrices and | A | * 0, then which of the following ar e true? (A) | AB |
= 0 => | B | = 0 (B) j AB | = 0 => B = 0 -1 _1 (C) | A | = |A | (D) | A + A| = 2
| A| TC 7T It Q.93 The value of 9 lying between - & and 0<A< a nd satisfying the
equation 1+sin2 A cos2 A sin2 A l+cos2A sin2 A cos2 A (A) A= , 9 (C) A = - , 9
7t 2 sin 40 2 sin 40 = 0 are l+2sin40 (B)A=^=e "i 71 I (C)ABA=A (D) BAB = B Q.94
IfAB =AandBA=B, then (A) A2B =A 2 (B)B 2 A=B 2 x a b Q. 95 The solution(s) of t
he equation a x a = 0 is/are : b b x (A) x = - ( a + b ) (B) x = a (C) x = b (D)
- b faBansal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [10]
Q. 96 If Dj and D2 are two 3x3 diagonal matrices, then (A) DjD2 is a diagonal ma
trix (B) D,D2 = D2Dj 2 2 (C) D j + D2 is a diagonal matrix (D) none of these 1
a a2 2 Q.97 If 1 x x = 0, then b2 ab a2 (A)x = a (B) x = b (C) x = a (D)x=Q.98 W
hich ofthe following determinant(s) vanish(es)? 1 be bc(b + c) (A) 1 ca ca (c +
a) 1 ab ab(a + b) 0 (C) b - a c-a Q.99 IfA= a- b a- c 0 b-c c-b 0 1 ab a + b (B)
1 be b + c 1 ca 1 + 1 c a logxxyz logxy logxz 1 logyz (D) logyxyz logzxyz logzy
1 "a b" (where be 7 0) satisfies the equations x2 + k = 0, then = _c d_ (B) k =
| A| (C) k = |A| (D) none of these (A) a + d = 0 Q.100 The value of 6 lying bet
ween 9 = 0 & 9 = 7t/2 & satisfying the equation : 1+sin 2 9 COS29 4sin49 2 sin 9
1+COS 9 4sin49 = 0 are: sin 2 9 l+4sin49 COS29 lb t (C) 24 Q.101 If p, q,r, s a
reinAP. and f(x) 7 1 (D) 24 p + sinx q + sinx p - r + sinx q + sinx r + sinx - 1
+ sinx such that { f(x)dx = - 4 then r + sinx s + sinx s - q + sinx the common
difference of the A.P. can be: (A) - 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) none 1 2 2 Q.l02 LetA= 2
1 2 , then 2 2 1 (A) A2 - 4 A - 5I3 = 0 (C) A3 is not invert ible (B) A -1 = - (
A - 4I3) (D) A2 is invertible Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices faBansal Classes [
10]
ANSWER KEY a'aV sorb o'v 00 It) D'V lorb aV /,6 b a'3'aV 6b a'a 68 b a 98*6 V I8b
V 9 Lb v irO V 99t) a t9b a 99 b v isb V 9t>b o irb a 9b v irb V 9c'b v irb a 9i
b D D'V 66 b a'3'aV 86 b a'3'aV a 3 a 3 3 a 3 3 3 a 3 V P6'b 3'8'V 96 b O'V 36'
b a 8'b a 08'b a 9Lb 3'aV 96 b a'3'v 16 b a 88 b a 8 b v 8 Lb a L'b 3'aV 06 b LVb a
a a 3 V a 3 a 3 a wb a z:8b LLb ZLb L9b Z9'b L9'b Z9'b LVb zvb L'b zzb LZ'b zzb
Lib zvb Lb a 6//b t>fb a 0 L'b v 9 9"b a 09'b a a a a a 99t) 09 b 9Vb V 69'b P9b
69 b P9b 6Vb wb a 89 b V 9b a 8S'b 3 3 a 9b 8Vb Vb 3 orb 9'b tb V 6b nb 6Zb pzb 3 8'b
3 'b 3 srb V 3 o
9Zb rb 3 a a 3 V a orb V a 6rb 3 Mb 3 6b V rb a srb 3 ib 3 a 8b rb crb irb 9b rb V

orb a 9b a v rb faBansal Classes Q. B. on Determinant & Matrices [10]
BANSAL CLASSES TAR GET TIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ALL) mimmemm & MATRICES C O
N T E N T S DETERMINANT KEY CONCEPT. EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III Page 2 Page -5 Page -9 Page -1 0 MATRICES KEY CONCEPT. EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCIS
E-III ANSWER KEY Page -13 Page -18 Pa ge -20 Page -22 Page -23
KEY 1. The symbol bl CONCEPTS D E T E R M I N A N T is called the determinant of

order two. Its value is given by : D = a 1 b 2 -a 2 b 1 a, bj q 2. The symbol a
2 b2 02 is called the determinant of order three. a3 bj c3 b2 c2 bx c, bi Ci C
Its value can be found as : D = a b c - 2 b c + ag b 3 3 3 3 2 b2 = a 2 OR c2 i c
3 2 - b, a 3 a c 2 c3 + a2 Cl a b2 b 3 3 and so on. In this manner we can expand
a determinant in 6 ways using elements of; R j , R^ , R3 or Cj, C 2 , C3 . 3. F
ollowing examples of short hand writing large express ions are: The lines : ajX
+ bjy + Cj = 0. (1) (0 a2X + b2y + c2 = 0. (2) a3x + b 3y + c3 = 0. (3) are conc
urrent i f , ' = 0 . (ii) Condition for the consistency of three simultaneous li
near equations in 2 variab les. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy+ c = 0 represents a
pair of straight lines if
: a h g abc + 2 fgh - af - bg - ch = 0 = h b f g f c 2 2 2 (iii) Area of a trian

gle whose vertices are (x r , y r ); r = 1 , 2 , 3 is : H (iv) y2 1 y3 1 7i 1 If
D = 0 then the three points are collinear. x Equation of a straight line passsin
g through (Xj, y,) & (x^ y2) is Xl yi 1 = 0 y1 2 MINORS : The minor of a given e
lement of a determinant is the determinant of t he elements which remain after d
eleting the row & the column in which the given element stands. For example, the
minor of a} in (Key y 1 i c, 3 c3 3 3 Hence a determinant of order two will have
"4 minors" & a determina nt of order three will have "9 minors". COFACTOR : If
Mjj represents the minor o f some typical element then the cofactor is defined a
s : Cy = (-1 )1+J. Mjj ; Wh ere i & j denotes the row & column in which the part
icular element lies. Note th at the value of a determinant of order three in ter
ms of 'Minor' & 'Cofactor' ca n be written as : D = anM n - a12M,2 + a13M13 ORD
= ajjCjj + a12C12 + a13C13 & s o on Concept 2) is b c a & the minor of b2 is fc
Ban sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [2]
6. P-l PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS : The value of a determinant remains unaltered

, if th e rows & columns are inter changed. A I 2 e.g. if D = A a3 b, CL b2 c2 b
3 c3 A, = A 2 A 3 BI CL b2 b3 c3 C 2 : D' D & D' are transpose of each terminant
but D' = D => 2D = rder has the value zero. P e interchanged, the value of a i
2 3 Let D = P - 3 : A A bi Cl b2 c2 b3 C 3 A 2 B2 BI B3 other . If D' = - D then
it is S K E W SYMMETRIC de 0 => D = 0 => Skew symmetric determinant of third o
2 : If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant b determinant is changed in si
gn only. e.g.
C2 CJ C3 & D' = i A3 a Then D' = - D . If a determinant has any two rows (or col
umns) identical, then its value is zero , B, e.g. Let D = I3 B, B3 then it can b
e verified that D = 0. P - 4 : If all the elements of any row (or column) be mul
tiplied by the same num ber, then the determinant is multiplied by that number.
KA, KB, KC, egP-5: If D 2 b2 3 b3 and D' = 2 t)2 Then D'=KD If each element of a
ny row (or column) can be expressed as a sum of two terms th en the determinant
can be expressed as the sum of two determinants. e.g. AJ+X FY+Y C, + Z a2 a 3 b2
b3 c2 c3 = l b, Cl 2 b2 C a 3 b3 C a 2 3 a X
+ a2 a3 y Z b2 c2 b3 C 3 P - 6: The value of a determinant is not altered by add

ing to the elements of an y row (or column) the same multiples of the correspond
ing elements of any other row (or column), e.g. Let D = and AJ+MA, B1+MB b 2 CJ+
MC^ C D' = a 2 2 2 2 Then D ' = D A3+NA2 B3+NB C3+NC2 Note : that while applying
this property ATLEAST ONE ROW (OR COLUMN) must remain unchanged . P - 7: If by
putting x = a the value of a determinant vanishes then (x-a) is a factor of the
determinant. 7. MULTIPLICATION OF TWO DETERMINANTS (i) bi li m. in. A1l1+B1L2 A1
M1+B1M 2 A2lj+B2L2 A2M1+B2M2 Similarly two determinants of order three are multi
plied. fc Ban sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [3]
(ii) If D = A2 A 3 b, b2 b3 C L then, D C3 2 = Aj B, c, A 2 B2 c 2 A3 B3 AI X wh
ere A- ,B ? C3 A2 B2 A3 B3 b, C L Consider 2 b2 c2 PROOF : b3 c33 Note : ajA2 +
bjB 2 + CjC2 = 0 etc. A I 1) 0 0 0 D 0 D A B, CI A c2 c3 0 0 A, A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C
3 A,
A2 B2 A3 B3 C3 AI B> B2 B3 c, C2 therefore, D x BI CI = D => 3 B, =D 2 OR A2 CA3

= D2 c, c2 c3 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION (IN TWO VARIABLES) : (i) Consistent Equ
ations : te & unique solution. [ intersecting lines ] (ii) Inconsistent Equation
: ution . [ Parallel line ] (iii) Dependent equation : Infinite solutions . tic
al lines ] Let ajX + bjy + 0 , ^ 0 L = i ^ i i B.'j bo C n & bi & a2X c2 = 0 then
: Given equations are inconsistent Given equations are dependent CRAMER'S RULE
: [ Simultaneous Equations Involving Three Unknowns ] Let ,ajX + b jy + c,z = dj
...(I); a ^ + b2y + c2z = d2 ...(II); ajX + b3y + c3z = d3 ...(III ) Then, X x
-Bl D a ' y-^1 Y Defini No sol [ Iden + b2y +
D ' z-D^ D a a d, bi Cl i di ci i bi d, i bi Cj Where D = a2 b2 c2 ; D i = d2 b2

c. ; D2 = a2 d2 c2 & D3 = a2 b2 d2 d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3 a3 b3 c3 NOTE: If
D * 0 and alteast one of D t , D 2 , D3 ? 0 , then the given system of equation
s are consi stent and (a) have unique non trivial solution. I f D ^ O & Dj = D2
= D3 = 0, th en the given system of equations are consistent and have trivial (b
) solution on ly. If D = D, = D 2 =D 3 = 0, then the given system of equations a
re consistent and have infinite solutions. (c) (d) 10. ajX + bjy+ C!Z=d! a 2 x +
b 2 y + c 2 z=d 2 In case represents these parallel pl anes then also a 3 x + b
3y + c3z = d 3 d=d, = d2= D3 = 0 but the system is incon sistent. If D = 0 but a
tleast one of Dj, D 2 , D3 is not zero then the equations are inconsistent and h
ave no solution. If x , y , z are not all zero , the cond ition for aLx + b,y +
CjZ = 0 ; a2x + b2y + c2z = 0 & i W Cj a3x + b3y + c3z = 0 to be consistent in x
, y , z is that a2 b2 c2 =0. a 3 b3 c3 Remember that if a given system of linea
r equations have Only Zero Solution for all its variables then the given equatio
ns are said to have TRIVIAL SOLUTION. a (!IBansal Classes Determinant & Matrices
[4]
EXERCISE-II Q. 1 Without expanding the determinant prove that: 0 b 0 -a (a) -b c

-c a -o 0 0 (b) q - p r-p p-q 0 r-q p-r q-r = 0 0 (c 5 + 3i -4i 3 5 3i 8 4 + 5i
is real + 4i 4 - 5 i 3 9 -7 ax by cz 2 2 2 (d) x y z a = X 1 I 1 yz c z zx xy b y
1 a a2-be 2 (e) 1 b b - ca = 0 1 c c2 - ab Q.2 Without expanding as far as poss
ible, prove that : (a) a 2 +2a 2a+l 3 2a+l 1 a+2 1 = ( a - l ) 3 3 1 1 (b) x 1 1
y x 3 y
3 z3 z = [(x-y) (y-z) (z-x) (x+y+z)] Q.3 If x 3 +l x 2 x y 3 +l y 2 y = 0 and x

, y , z are all different then, prove that x yz = - l . z3 + l z 2 z Q.4 18 40 8
9 Using properties of determinants or otherwise evaluate 40 89 198 89 198 440 ab-c Prove that 2b 2c a b c 2a b-c-a 2c 2a 2b = (a + b + c)3 c-a-b a+b c+a b+c Q.
5 Q.6 If D = c a b b c a -2a b+a c+a b+c c+a a+b b+c and D' = c+a a+b then prove
that D' = 2D. Prove that a+b a+c - 2 b b+c = 4 [(a+b) (b+c) (c+a)] c+b - 2 c -2
b 2a = (1 +a 2 + b2)3 2 2 1-a - b Q, 1 + a2 - b 2 2ab 2ab 1-a 2 +b2 Prove that 2
b -2a a a+c a-b b-c b b+a c+b c-a c Q.9 Prove that (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2). Q
.10 tan(A+P) tan(B+P) tan(C+P) Show that the value ofthe determinant tan(A+Q) ta
n(B+ Q) tan(C + Q) vanishes for all values of A tan(A+R) tan(B+R) tan(C+R) B, C,
P, Q & R where A + B + C + P + Q + R = 0 (!^Bansal Classes Determinant & Matric
es [5]
Q.ll be be' + b'c b'c' Factorise the determinant ca ca' + c'a c'a' ab ab'+a'b a'
b' (( 3 + y - a - 5)4 (p + y - a - 5)2 1 (Y+OC-|3-8)2 4 Q.12 Prove that (Y+A-p-8
)4 1 = - 64(a- (3)(a - y)(a - 5)(P - y) (P - 5) (y- 6) (a + p Y - 5) (a + p Y 8) 2 1 Q. 13 n! (n+1)! (n+2)! - 4 (n+1)! (n+2)! (n+3)! then show that For a fixe
d positive in teger n, if D = (n!)3 (n+2)! (n+3)! (n+4)! is divisible by n. Q.14
x + 2 2x + 3 3x + 4 Solve for x 2x + 3 3x + 4 4x + 5 = 0. 3x + 5 5x + 8 10x + 1
7 a-x c b c b b- x a = 0. a c- x Q 15 If a + b + c = 0 , solve for x: --r).16 If
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 then show that the value of the determinant a 2 +(b 2 +c 2 ) co
s9 ba(l-cosG) 2 .2 , /_2 ab(l-cosG) b +(c 2 +a 2 )cos0 ac(l-cosG) bc(l-cosO) c a
(l-cosQ) cb(l-cosG) c2 +(a 2 +b 2 )cosG simplifies to cos2G. a b c pa qb rc Q. 1
7 If p + q+r = 0 , prove that qc ra pb = pqr c a b b c a rb p c qa Q.'l8 a a3 a
4 - 1 If a, b, c are all different & b b3 b 4 - 1 = 0, then prove that: c c3 c 4
- 1 abc (ab + be + ca) = a + b + c. Q.19 Showthat a 2 +X ab ac Q.20 (a) ab b +X
be 2 ac be is divisible by A,2 andfindthe other factor. c 2 +X 1 a 2 a3 1 b2 b3
1 c2 c 3 be a a 2 2 Without expanding prove that ca b b ab c c2 a2 (a + I)2 (a
- I)2 b2 (b + l)2 (b-1) 2 a 2 b2 c2 (c + l)2 = 4 a b 1 1 (c - l)2
c2 c 1 = (b) fc Ban sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [6]
Q.21 x +x Without expanding a determinant at any stage, show that 2x + 3 x - l x

2 +2 x+3 2 x+l 3x 2x-l x-2 3x-3 = Ax + B, 2x-l where A & B are determinants of
order 3 not involving x. -be b2 + be c2 + be 2 -ac c2 + ac = (ab + be + ca)3 Pro
ve that a + ac a 2 + ab b 2 + ab -ab x 2 - a2 x2-b2 (x-b) 3 (x+b) x-2 3 Q.22 X C 2 2 = 0 where a, b, c are non zero and distinct Q.23 Solve (x-a) 3 (x+a) 3 (xc) (x+c) Q.24 Solve for x : x - 4 x-8 2x - 3 3x - 4 2x - 9 3x - 16 = 0. 2x - 27
3x - 64 1 Q.25 If a+y 1 a+x 1 b+x b+y b+z 1 1 1 c+x c+y c+z 1 1 where Q is the p
roduct of the denominator, prove that y a+z 1
P = (a - b) (b - c) (c - a) (x - y) (y - z) (z - x) 2r_1 2^3r_1j 4(5 r -') y 3 l n n Q.26 If Df = x 2 -l n z 5 -l then prove that X Dr = 0. r= l Q.27 If 2 s =

a+b + c then prove that (s-b) 2 (s-c) 2 (s-a) 2 b2 (s-c) 2 (s-a) : (s-b)' = 2 s3
(s - a) (s - b) (s-c). cotf cot = 0 cotf Q.28 In a A ABC, determine condition un
der which tan| + tan-| tan-- + tan|- tan^ + tanf -b 2 c 2 ab(c 2 +a 2 ) cb(c 2 +
a 2 ) ac(a 2 +b 2 ) bc(a 2 +b 2 ) = (a b + b c + c a ) . -a 2 b 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Q.29 Show that ba(b 2 +c 2 ) ' -c 2 a 2 ca(b 2 +c 2 j Q.30 Prove that be-a2 ca-b
2 ab - c2 ~bc + ca + ab b c - c a + ab bc + c a - a b = 3 .(b-c) (c-a) (a-b) (a+
b + c) (ab + bc + ca) (a+b) (a+c) (b+c) (b+a) (c+a) (c+b) fc Ban sal Classes Det
erminant & Matrices [267]
2bc - a Q.31 Show that 2 2ac-b 2 b2 = (a3 + b3 + c3 - 3 abc)2. a2 2ab - c' a! 1,

+ b) 2 m 3 = 0. 2 (aj-b,) 3 -b 2 ) 2 a p + y8 m] a! 12 + bj m2 a, 13 + bj m3 a2
li + b2 m i a2l2 + b2m2 a 2 l 3 +b a 3 l 1 +b 3 m 1 a 3 l 2 +b 3 m 2 a 3 l 3 +b
3 m 3 (ai-bi)2 (ai-b 2 ) Q.33 ^rove that (a 2 -bi) 2 (a 2 -b 2 ) 2 (a 2 -b 3 ) (
a 3 -bi) 2 (a (a 3 -b 3 ) 2 Q.34 Prove that oc + p + y+5
2 ( a r a ^ - 83X83- a j X S - b2)(b2- b 3 )(b 3 - b t ) ap + y5 ap (y+5) + yS (
a+P) = 2aPy8 0. a+p+y+8 2 (a + P)(y +5) aP(y+5) + y 8 ( a + P) Q.35 If ax2 + 2
hxy + by2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = (lLx + rrijy + n1) (l2x + ir^y + n 2), then prove
that a h g h b f =0. g f c Q.36 Prove that 1 2 cos ( B - A ) cos2 ( C - A ) Q.37
If x cos2 ( A - B ) 1 2 cos (C - B ) cos2 (A - C) cos2 (B-C) 1 : 2sin2(A- B)sin
2(B - C)sin2(C - A) axj2 + byt2 + czj2 = ax^ + by22 + cz22 = ax32 + by32 + cz32
= d and ax^xg + by2y 3 + cz2z3 = ax3xt + by3yj + cz3zj = axjx2 + byjy2 + CZ[Z2 =
f, then prove that i yi z i x2 y 2 z2 = (d-f> x3 y3 z3 Q.38 If ( x r x 2 ) 2 +
( y r y2)2 = a 2 , (x,-^) 2 + (y 2 -y 3 ) 2 = b 2 and (X3-Xl)2 + (y 3 - Yl ) 2 =
c2 xi yi 1 prove that 4 x2 y2 1 x3 y 3 1 d + 2f abc 1/2 (a,b,c*0) (a + b + c) (
b + c - a) (c + a - b) (a + b - c ) . 50 Sj S2 Q.39 If Sr = a r + pr + y r then
show that 51 s2 S3 = (a - 3) (P - y)2 (y - a) 2 . 52 S3 S4 Q.40 If u = ax2 + 2 b
xy+cy2 , u' = a'x2 + 2 b'xy + c'y2. Pr ove that ). 40 y2 -xy x 2 a b c a' b' c'
ax+by bx+cy a'x+b'y b'x+c'y u u ax+by a 'x+b'y
fc Ban sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [8]
EXERCISE-II Q. 1 Q.2 Solve using Cramer's rule : 4 x+5 y + 7 + = - 1 & x+5 y +7 =

- 5 . Solve the following using Cramer's rule and state whether consistent or no
t. x + y + z - 6 = 0 x + 2y + z = 1 x - 3 y + z = 2 7 x - 7 y + 5z = 3 (a) 2x +
y - z - 1 = 0 x + y - 2z + 3 = 0 (b) 3x + y + z = 6 x + 2y = 0 (c) 3x + y + z =
6 5x + y + 3z = 3 (d) 3x + y + 5z = 7 2x+3y+5z =5 Q.3 Q.4 z + ay + a2x + a3 = 0
Solve the system of equations ; z + by + b2x + b3 = 0 z + cy + c2x + c3 = 0 For
what value of K do the following system of equations posse ss a non trivial (i.e
. not all zero) solution over the set of rationals Q? x+Ky + 3 z = 0 , 3 x + K y
- 2 z = 0 , 2 x + 3 y - 4 z = 0, For that value of K, find all the solutions of
the system. Given x = cy+bz ; y = az + cx ; z = bx+ay wher e x, y, z are not al
l zero, prove that a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 abc = 1. Given a = ; b = ; c = y- z X Y Z Q.5
Q.6 z - x x - y where x, y, z are not all zero , prove that : 1 + ab + be + ca =
0. Q.7 If sin q ^ cos q and x, y, z satisfy the equations x c os p - y sin p +
z = cos q + 1 x sin p + y cos p + z = 1 - sin q x cos(p + q) y sin (p + q) + z =
2 thenfindthe value of x2 + y2 + z2. IfA, B and C are the an gles of a triangle
then show that sin 2A-x + sin C*y + sin B-z = 0 sin C x + sin 2B-y + sin A-z =
0 sin B x + sin A-y + sin 2Cz = 0 possess non-trivial solution . Investigate for
what values of A , u the simultaneous equations x + y + z = 6
; x + 2 y + 3 z = 1 0 & x + 2 y + A,z = p, have ; (a) A unique solution . (b) An

infinite number of solutions . (c) No solution . Q.8 Q.9 Q.IO For what values o
f p, the equations : x + y + z = l ; x + 2y+4z = p & y+10z = p have a solution ?
Solve them completely in each case . Q.ll Q.12 the equations : K x + 2 y - 2 z
= l , 4x + 2 K y - z = 2 , 6x + 6y+Kz = 3 dering specially the case when K = 2 .
Solve the system of equations: ax + = m s x + ay + z = n and x + y + az = p 2 x
+4 Solve consi y + z
Q.13 Find all the values of t for which the system of equations ; ( t - l ) x +
( 3 t + l ) y + 2tz = 0 (t - 1) x + (41 - 2) y + (t + 3) z = 0 2 x + ( 3 t + l )
y + 3 ( t - l ) z = 0 has non trivial solutions and in this contextfindthe rati
os of x: y: z, when t has the smallest of these values. (!^Bansal Classes Deter
m inant & Matrices [9]
Q.14 Solve: (b + c)(y+z)-ax = b - c , (c + a)(z+x)-by = c - a and (a+b)(x+y)-cz

= a b where a + b + cÔ. ap a p Q.15 If bc + qr = ca+rp = ab + pq = - 1 showthat
bq b q cr c r = 0. Q. 16 If x, y, z are not all zero & if ax+by + cz = 0, bx+ c
y + az = 0 & cx + ay + bz = 0, then prove that x: y: z= 1 : 1 : 1 OR 1: co: 2 O
R 1 : CD2: co, where is one ofthe complex cube root of unity. Q.17 If the followi
ng system of equatio ns (a - t)x + by + cz = 0 , bx + (c - t)y + az = 0 and cx+a
y+(b - t)z = 0 has no n-trivial solutions for different values of t, then show t
hat we can express pro duct of these values of t in the form of determinant. Q.
18 Show that the system of equations 3x - y + 4z = 3 , x + 2y - 3z = - 2 and 6x+
5y + A-z = - 3 has atle ast one solution for any real number X. Find the set of
solutions of X = -5. EXERCISE-III Q. 1 Using determinants solve the equations, x
+ 2y + 3z = 6 2x + 4y + z = 17 3x + 2y + 9 z = 2 [REE'94,6] cos(A-P) cos(A-Q) c
os(A-R) For all values of A, B, C & P, Q, R show that cos(B-P) cos(B-Q) cos(B-R)
=0. cos(C-P) cos(C-Q) cos(C-R) [ IIT '94, 4] For what values of p & q, the syst
em of equations 2 x + p y + 6 z = 8 ; x + 2y + qz = 5 & x+y + 3z = 4 has ; (i) n
o solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) infinitely many solutions [REE'95, 6] Le
t a, b, c positive numbers. The fo llowing system of equations in x, y & z. 2 '2
a2 + b2 c2 (A) no solution (C) infinitely many solutions Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 (i) x! . i
L _Z_ + _ 2 x2 y2 z2 (B) unique solution (D)finitelymany solutions (ii) 1 l+i+o 2
<d2 If co 1) is a cube root of unity, then 1-i -1 Q 2 - 1 equals : - i -i+CD-1
- 1 (A) 0 (B) 1 (C)i (D) co [IIT '95,1+1] fc Bansal Classes
Q. 5 Let a > 0, d > 0 . Find the value of determinant 1 (a + d) (a + 2d) a (a +

d) 1 1 (a + d) (a + 2d) (a + 2d) (a + 3d) 1 (a + d) (a + 2d) (a + 2d) (a + 3d) (
a + 3d)(a + 4d) 1 1 [ IIT '96 , 5 ] 1 1 Q.6 Find those values of c for which the
equations : 2x+ 3 y = 3 (c + 2)x+ (c + 4)y = c + 6 (c + 2)2x +(c+4) 2 y = (c +
6)2 are consistent. Also solve above equatio ns for these values of c. [ REE'96,
6 ] Q.7 For what real values of k, the system of equations x + 2y + z = 1; x +
3y + 4z = k; x + 5y + 1 Oz = k2 has solution ? Find the solution in each case. [
REE' 97, 6 ] 1 a a The parameter, onwhich the value ofthe determinant cos(p-d)x
cospx co s(p+d)x doesnot depend sin(p-d)x sin px sin(p+d)x upon is: (A) a (B)p
(C) d (D)x [ JEE '97, 2 ] Q.8 Q.9 6i -3i If 4 3i 20 3 1 - 1 = x + iy, i then : (
C)x = 0 , y = 3 (D)x = 0 , y = 0 [ JEE '98 , 2 ] (A) x = 3 , y = 1 Q.IO (i) (B)
x = 1, y = 3 1 x x+1 If 2) (x+1) x G.P. If u, 12 6u + 9v f(x) = 2x then f(100) i
s equal to : x (x-l) (x+l)x 3x (x-l) x(x-l)(x(x-l) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 100 (D) -100
Let a, b, c, d be real numbers in v, w satisfy the system of equations, u + 2v +
3w = 6 4u + 5v + 6w = = 4 then show that the roots of the equation,
.U (ii) i + i + 1 ] x2 + [(b - c)2 + ( c - a)2 + ( d - b ) 2 ] x + u + v + w = 0

and V wJ 20 x2 + 10 (a - d)2 x - 9 = 0 are reciprocals of each other. [JEE'99, 2
+10 out o f200] fc Ban sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [271]
Q.ll Ifthe system of equations x - K y - z = 0 , K x - y - z = 0 and x + y - z =

0 ha s a non zero solution, then the possible values of K are (A)-l, 2 (B) 1,2
(C)0, 1 (D)-l,l [ JEE 2000 (Screening)] sin 9 cos 0 cos 1 0 + ^ cos f9 sin 20 si
n j^29 + ^ sin (^29 [ JEE 2000 (Mains), 3 out of 100 ] = Q.12 Prove that for all
values of 6, sin + ^-J 0 sin [o Q.13 Find the real values of r for which the fo
llowing system oflinear equations has a non-trivial solution. Also find the nontrivial solutions: 2 rx - 2y + 3 z = 0 x + ry + 2z - 0 [ REE 2000 (Mains), 3 out
of 100 ] 2x + rz = 0 Q.14 Solve for x the equation .2 a" sin(n + l)x cos(n + l)
x a 1 sin nx sin(n - l)x cos nx cos(n - l)x =0 [ REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100
] Q.15 Test the consistency and solve them when consistent, the following system
o f equations for all values of A: x+y+z =1 x + 3y-2z = A [ REE 2001 (Mains), 5
ou t of 100 ] 3x + (A + 2)y-3z = 2A + 1 Q.16 Let a, b, c be real numbers with a
2 + b2 + c2 = 1. Show that the equation ax - by - c bx + ay cx + a represents a
stra ight line. Q.17 The number of values of k for which the system of equations
(k+ l)x+ 8y = 4k kx + (k + 3)y = 3k - 1 has infinitely many solutions is (A) 0
(B) 1 (C) 2 bx + ay -ax + by - c cy + b cx + a cy + b -ax - by + c = 0 [ JEE 200
1 (Ma ins), 6 out of 100 ] (D)inifinite [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3] Q.18 The value
of A for which the system of equations 2x - y - z = 12, x - 2y + z = -4, x+y +
Az = 4 has no solutionis (A) 3 (B)-3 (C) 2 (D)-2 [JEE 2004 (Screen ing)] fc Ban
sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [12]
KEY CONCEPTS MATRICES USEFUL IN STUDY OF SCIENCE, ECONOMIC SAND ENGINEERING Defi
nition : Rectangular a rray of mn numbers. Unlike determinants it has no value.
Ml 21 a 12 Mn l "22 2n or i2 a 2*! a22 a a l in^ 2n l ml a m2 < 'm/ n, i denotes
the row and Abbreviated as :A = [ a ^ j 1 < i < m ; 1 < j j denotes the column
is called a m atrix of order m x n. 2. (a) Special Type Of Matrices : Row Matrix
: A = [ a n , a12, (or row vectors) Column Matrix : (or column vectors) A= 2I a
ln ] having one row. (1 x n) matrix. (b) having one column, (m x 1) matrix l ml
(c) Zero or Null Matrix: (A = Om x n)' An m x n matrix all whose entries are zer
o v
0 0 0 0 0 0 (d) 0 0 0' is a 3x2 null matrix & B= 0 0 0 0 0 0 is 3 x 3 null matri

x Horizontal Matrix: A matrix of order m x n is a horizontal matrix if n > m. "1
2 3 4" 2 5 11 2 5' 1 1 3 6 2 4 a square matrix. (e) (1) Verical Matrix: A matri
x of order m x n is a vertical matrix if m > n. Square Matrix : (Order n) If num
ber of row = number of column => Note (i) In a square matrix the pair of element
s a. & a. are called Conjugate Elements. e gfaa n a 12 ^ V a21 a 22 y (ii) The e
lements a n , a22, a33, am are called Diagonal Elements . The line along wh ich
the diagonal elements lie is called "Principal or Leading" diagonal. The qty E a
H = trace of the matrice written as, i.e. tr A
fc Ban sal Classes Determinant & Matrices [13]
Square Matrix all elements except the leading diagonal are zero 0 '1 3 ! , A = 0
2 4 ; B = 2 3 0 diagonal Matrix Unit or Identity Matrix ,4 3 3, ,0 0 5 , I Lowe
r Triangular Upper Triangular d, 0 0 1 if i = j" a.. = 0 V i < j a.. = 0 V i > j
0 d2 0 0 if ij 0 0 d, Note that: Minimum number of zeros in Scalar Matrix Note:
(1) If d l = d2 = d3 = a a triangular matrix of Unit Matrix (2) If d1 = d2 = d3
= 1 order n = n(n-l)/2 Note: Min. number of zeros in a diagonal matrix of order
n = n(n- 1) d Triangular Matrix I Diagonal Matrix denote as dia ( d i ' d 2' >
dn) "It is to be noted that with square matrix there is a corresponding determin
ant formed by the elements ofAin the same order." 3. Equality Of Matrices: A = [
a ; j ] & B = [b i ; ] are equal if, Let both have the same order. (ii) (0 Algeb
ra O f Matrices: Addition : A + B = [ a ;j + b;j j where A& B are of the same ty
pe, ( same order) (a) Addition of matrices is commutative. A=mxn B=mxn i.e. A+B
= B + A (b) Matrix addition is associative. Note : A, B & C are of the same type
. (A+ B) + C = A + (B + C) (c) Additive inverse. A = mxn If A + B = O = B + A Mu
ltipli cation Of A Matrix By A Scalar a b ka kb kc kA= kb kc ka If A= b c c a kc
ka kb Multiplication Of Matrices: (Row by Column) AB exists if, A=mxn & B = nxp
2x3 3x 3 AB exists, but BA does not => AB * BA \ A = pre factor Note: In the pr
oduct AB . [ B = post factor A = ai j = b for each pair of i & j. 4. 5. 6. ( i>
2> a a a n) & B "b 1xn AB = [a1b1 + a 2 b 2 +
nx1 + anbj n x p matrix, then (ABX- = I a ir . b If A = aAj j m x n & B = [ b^ ]

^Bansal Classes Determinant & Matrices [14]
1. Properties Of Matrix Multiplication : Matrix multiplication is not commutativ

e. A= ; "-1 1 B = 1" -1 ; AB = BA = AB * BA (in general) 2. "l 1" AB = _2 2_ "0
0" 0 0 => AB = O =t> A = 0 or B = 0 Note: IfA and B are two non- zero matrices s
uch that AB = O then A and B are cal led the divisors of zero. Also if [AB] = O
=> | AB | =>|A| | B | = 0 = > | A | = 0 or | B | = 0 but not the converse. IfA a
nd B are two matrices such that (i) A B = B A => A and B commute each other (ii)
AB = - B A => A and B anti commute ea ch other Matrix Multiplication Is Associa
tive: If A, B & C are conformable for t he product AB & BC, then (A.B).C = A.(B.
C) Distributivity : A (B + C) = AB + AC" Provided A, B & C are conformable for r
espective products (A + B) C = AC + BC_ For a square matrix A, A A = (A A) A = A
(A A) - A . Note that for a unit matrix I of any order, Im = I for all m e N. 6
. MATRIX POLYNOMIAL: If f (x) = a0xn + a jX"-1 + a2xn_2 + + anx then we define a
matrix polynomial n n n 2 f (A) = a0A + a tA -' + a2A " + + aV where A is the gi
ven square matrix. If f (A) is the null ma trix then A is called the zero or roo
t of the polynomial f(x). DEFINITIONS: Idem potent Matrix: A square matrix is id
empotent provided A 2 =A. Note that A" = A V n > 2 , n e N. Nilpotent Matrix: A
square matrix is said to be nilpotent matrix of order m, m e N, if Am = 0 , A m_
1 ^0. Periodic Matrix: A square matrix is wh ich satisfies the relation AK+1 =A,
for some positive integer K, is a periodic m atrix. The period of the matrix is
the least value of K for which this holds tru e. Note that period of an idempot
ent matrix is 1. Involutary Matrix: IfA 2 = I , the matrix is said to be an invo
lutary matrix. Note that A=A - 1 for an involut ary matrix. The Transpose Of A M
atrix : (Changing rows & columns) Let Abe any ma trix. Then, A = a;j of order m
x n T => A or A' = [ a.. ] for 1 < i < n & 1 < j < m of order Properties of Tran
spose: If A & (a) (A B)T = AT BT IMP. (b) (AB)T = B T A T (c) (AT = A (d) (k A)T
= kAT General : (AÂ^,, T T POSITIVE INTEGRAL P O W E R S O F A 2 SQUARE MATRIX
: 3 (a) (b) (c) (d) 7. n xm B denote the transpose of A and B , ; note that A &
B have the same order. A & B are conformable for matrix product AB. k is a scala
r . , A j , A^ (reversal law for transpose) An)T = A j , ^Bansal Classes
8. Symmetric & Skew Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix A = [ a ;j j is said to b

e, symmetric if, a.. = a.. V i & j (conjugate elements are equal) (Note A=A 1 )
. n (n +1) Note: Max. number of distinct entries in a symmetric matrix of order
n is - . and skew symmetric if, &..= -&.. V i & j (the pair of conjugate element
s ar e additive inverse of each other) (NoteA = - A T ) Hence If A is skew symme
tric, then a11 = - a11 => . a. = 0 V i . .. li Thus the digaonal elements of a s
kew s ymmetric matrix are all zero, but not the converse. Properties Of Symmetri
c & Skew Matrix : P - 1 A is symmetric if AT = A A is skew symmetric if AT = - A
P - 2 A + AT is a symmetric matrix A - AT is a skew symme tric matrix. Consider
(A+A T ) T = AT + (AT)T = AT + A = A + AT A + AT is symmet ric. Similarly we ca
n prove that A - AT is skew symmetric. P - 3 The sum oftwo s ymmetric matrix is
a symmetric matrix and the sum of two skew symmetric matrix i s a skew symmetric
matrix. Let AT = A ; BT = B where A & B have the same order. (A+B) T = A + B Si
milarly we can prove the other P - 4 If A& B are symmetric mat rices then, (a) A
B + B A is a symmetric matrix (b) AB - BA is a skew symmetric matrix. P - 5 Eve
ry square matrix can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmet ric and a skew s
ymmetric matrix. A = ^ (A + AT) + ~ (A - AT) P Symmetric Adjoint Of A Square Mat
rix : Let ll A - [ ij ] = 21 ^31 a a / J Skew Symmetric a i2 22 a 32 a a a a 23
33> be a square matrix and let the matrix formed by the c Ml C21 IC31 r cofactor
s of [a ] in determinant !A| is = f Ml c r Then (adj A) = C 12 c 13 V C 21 C 31^
r 22 r 32 C 23 c 33 J ^12 22 ^32 c 13^ C23 C 33; V. Imp. Theorem: A (adj. A) =
(adj. A).A= |A| I n , If Abe a square matrix of or
der n. (!%Bansal Classes Determinant & Matrices [16]
Note : If A and B are non singular square matrices of same order, then | adj A|
= | A| n ~' (ii) adj (AB) = (adj B) (adj A) (iii) adj(KA) = K""1 (adj A), K is a
scalar Inverse Of A Matrix (Reciprocal Matrix) : A square matrix A said to be i
nvertible (non singular) if there exists a matrix B such that, AB = I = B A B i
s called the inverse (reciprocal) ofA and is denoted by A - ' . Thus A-' = B O A
B = I = B A . We have, A. (adj A) = | A | IN A- 1 A (adj A) = A - 1 In |A| In (
a dj A) = A - 1 A- 1 = (adj A) |A| | A | In Note : The necessary and sufficient
condition for a square matrix Ato be inverti ble is that IA | * 0. Imp. Theorem
: If A & B are invertible matrices ofthe same order, then (AB)"1 = B 1 A -1 . T
his is reversal law for inverse. Note (0 (ii) If A be an invertible matrix, then
AT is also invertible & (A 1 ) -1 = (A_1)T. I f A is invertible, (a) (A"1)"1 =
A ; (b) (A*)"1 = (A"])k = A-k, k e N IfA is an Orthogonal Matrix. AAT = I = ATA
A square matrix is said to be orthogonal if, A - 1 = A T . 1 I A"11 = 7T7 S Y S
T E M O F E Q U A T I O N & C R I T E R I A N F O R C O N S I S T E N C Y (iii)
(iv) (v) GAUSS - JORDAN METHOD x +y+ z = 6 x-y +z=2 2x + y z = 1 or ' x+y+z N (6
} x-y+z _ 2 ,2x+y- Z > 10 (\ 1 o 1 -1 1 1 -ij u AX = B f \ X y w ( 2 10 A' 1 A X
= A 1 B (adj. A).B X = A1B = fa BansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [17]
Note (1) (2) (3) (4) If IAI * 0, system is consistent having unique solution If
| AI * 0 & (adj A). B * O (Null matrix), system is consistent having unique n on
-trivial solution. If | A | * 0 & (adj A) . B = O (Nullmatrix), system is cons i
stent having trivial solution. If IAI = 0 , matrix method fails If (adj A) . B =
null matrix = O r 1 If (adj A) , B * O 1 Consistent (Infinite solutions) Incons
istent (no solution) EXERCISE-I Q.l Q.2 "l 2 Given that A= 2 2 1 -1 2 3 3 10 2 1
1 2 2 1 D= 13 and that Cb=D. So lve the matrix equation Ax=b. c= 9 1 1 1 ^ ? ?
Find the value of x and y that satisfy the equations 3 3 2 -2" 0 4 r y X y ~i X
"3 3" 3y 3y 10 10 Q.3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 andF = 1 0 0 calculate the matrix produc
t EF & FE and If, E = 0 1 0 0 0 0 showthat E 2 F + FE2 = E . If A is an orthogon
al matrix and B = AP w here Pisa non singular matrix then show that the matrix P
B_1 is also orthogonal. 0 1 Define A= 3 0 0 Find a vertical vector V such that (
A8 + A6 + A4 + A2 +1)V = 11 Q.4
Q.5 (where I is the 2 x 2 identity matrix). Q. 6 cos2 0 sin 0 cos 0 cos2 <|) sin
<J>c os(j) is a null & 2 Prove that the product of two matrices, cos 0 sin 0 sin
0 co s<j)sin<j) sin < > | matrix when 0 & <|) differ by an odd multiple of Q.7
TC 2" 1 0 2 0 2 1 , then show that the maxtrix Ais a root of the polynomial f (x
)=x 3 - 6x2 + 7x+2. If, A= 2 0 3 fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [18]
Q. 8 For a non zero X, use induction to prove that: (Only for XIICB SE) 1 ol 1 _
0 X n XD (a) X 0 0 nAT1 A" 0 X 0 0 n(n-l) 2 nXn~ Xn , for every n N (b) Q. 9 n
n 1 1 If, A= 0 0 , then (aI+bA) = a I + na"~ b A, where I is a unit matrix of or
der 2, V n N. 0 Find the number of 2 x 2 matrix satisfying (i) a . i s l o r - 1
; (ii) ^ + a 2 2 = a221 + a222 =2 ; (iii) a n a21 + a12 a22 = 0 Q.10 Prove that
(AB)T=BT. AT, where A& B are conformable for the product AB . Al so verify the
result for 1 2 the matrices, A= -1 2 -3 and B = 2 - 3 1 2 2 5 3 1 2 5 2 3 - 6 as
a sum ofalower triangular matrix& an upper triangular matrix wit h zero Q. 11 Ex
press the matrix -10 4 in its leading diagonal. Also Express the matrix as a sum
ofa symmetric & a skew symmetric matrix. Q. 12 Find the inverse of the matrix:
cosa -sina (i)A= sina cosa 0 0 0" "1 1 0 1 w ;(ii) 1 1 w2 "a 0 0" 1" 2 w where w
is the cube root of unity, (iii) A= 0 b 0 w 0 0 c '2 4" 3 -1 "2 l" A "3 2" Q.13
Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation, _3 2_ .A. _ 5 _ 3 Q. 14 A is a
square matrix of order n. I = maximum number of distinct entri es ifAis a trian
gular matrix m=maximum number of distinct entries if Ais a diago nal matrix p =
minimum number of zeroes ifAis a triangular matrix If / + 5 = p + 2m, find the o
rder of the matrix. Q. 15 IfA is an idempotent matrix and I is an identity matri
x of the same order, find the value of n, n e N, such that ( A+ I )n = I + 127 A
. a b Q. 16 IfA= c d then prove that value of f and g satisfying the maxtrix equ
ation A2 + f A + g I = Oare equal to - t r (A) and determinant of A respectively
. Given a, b, c, d a re non zero reals and 1= "l 0" "0 o" ; o = _0 0 2 -1 Q.17 M
atrices A and B satisfy AB = B"1 where B = 2 0 , Find (I) withoutfindingB" 1, th
e value of K for which KA - 2B"1 +1 = 0 (ii) WithoutfindingA-1, the matrix X sat
isfying A~'XA= B (iii) the matrixA using A -1 fa B ansaIClasses
4 - 4 -2 3 Q.18 For the matrix A= 3 - 3 1 1 1 2 4 1 Given A = 2 3 1 x+y+z=3 (i)

x+2y+3z=4 x+4y+9z=6 5 - 3 find A_: 4 Q.19 1 0 1 2 3 B = 3 4 . Find P such that B
PA = 0 1 0 Q.20 Use matrix to solve the following system of equations. x+y+z=6 (
ii) x-y+z=2 2x+y-z=l x+y+z=3 (iii) x+2y+3z=4 2x+3y+4z=7 x+y+z=3 (iv) x+2y+3z=4 2
x+3y+4z=9 EXERCISE-II Ql "9 3" "2 l" GivenA 2 1_ ;B= 3 1 . I is a unit matrix of
order 2. Find all possibl e matrix X in the following cases. (ii) XA = I (!) XB
= 0 butBXÔ. (l) AX = A If A& B are square matrices of the same order & Ais symm
etrical, show that B' AB is also symmetrical. -l 1 -tanf tanl 1 cos 8 -sinG Show
that, tan sinG cosG 1 -tanf 1 1 2 If the matrices A = 3 4 a b and B = c d Q.2 Q3
Q.4 (a, b, c, d not all simultaneously zero) commute, find the value of matrix
which commutes with Ais of the form Q.5 a-p p 2p/3" a d-b . Also show that the a
+ c-b 1 1 If the matrix A is involutary, show that (I + A) and (I - A) are idem
potent and i(I+A)^(I-A)=0. Q.6 C O (ii) Q.7 Prove that | adj (adj A) | = | A / I
, where Ais a non-singular matrix of order 'ri. adj (adj A) = |A|n 2 . A, where
| A| denotes the determinant of co-efficient mat rix. "-5 1 Find the product of
two matrices A& B, where A= 7 1 1 -1 solve the fol lowing system of linear equat
ions, x + y + 2z = 1 ; 3x + 2y + z = 7 ; 2x + y + 3 z = 2 . 3" [1 1 2 -5 & B = 3
2 1 and use it to 2 1 3 1 Q.8 1 2 If A = 2 4 then, find a non-zero square matri
x X of order 2 such that AX = O . Is XA = O. If A= 2 3 J, is it possible tofinda
square matrix X such that AX = O. Give reasons for it. 1 2] fa BansaIClasses De
terminant & Matrices [20]
Q.9 cosa - s i n a cos2p sin2p 7 1 If A= sina cosa ;B= sin 2p -cos2p Where 0 < P
< then prove that BAB = A-1. Also find the least positive value of a for which
B A4 B = A-1. a b Q.10 If c 1 - a is an idempotent matrix. Find the value of f(a
), where f(x)= x- x2, when be = 1/4. Hence otherwise evaluate a. Q.ll If A is a
skew symmetric matrix and I + A is non singular, then prove that the matrix B =
(I - A)(I + A)1 is an orthogonal matrix. Use this tofinda matrix B given A= - 5 0
Q.12 If F(x) cosx sinx 0 -sinx cosx 0 0 0 1 then show that F(x). F(y) = F(x + y
) Hence prove that [ F(x) ] 4 = F(- x). Q.13 1 2 3 1 1 2 IfA : 3 4 ;B = 1 0 ;C=
2 4 andX= (a) AX = B - 1 (b) (B - I)X = IC X 1 X 2 X3 X4 then solve the followin
g matrix equation. (c) CX = A 1 9 a X "3 - 2 Q 14 Determine the values of a and
b for which the system 5 - 8 2 1 y z b 3 -1 (i) has a unique solution ; (ii) has
no solution and (iii) has infinitely many s olutions 0 1 Q.15 Let X be the solu
tion set ofthe equation AX = I, whereA= 4 - 3 3 - 3 -1 4 and I is the correspond
ing 4 unit matrix a n d x c N thenfindthe minimum value of ^ ( c o s x 6 f sm x
0), 0 s R . Q .16 Determine the matrices B and Cwith integral element such that
A= 0 2 P a B a -p k m / n -1 0 1 - 2 = B3 + C3 Q.17 IfA= y - y is an orthogonal
matrix,findthe values of a , P, y. y and kn * Im ; then s how that A2 - (k + n)A
+ (kn - /m) I = O. Q.18 If A=
Hence find A 1 . 1 X Q. 19 Evaluate Lim n 1 X n f " 3 -3 2 y ;B = - 3 2 Q.20 Giv

en matrices A= 5 z -3 1 y 3_ Obtain x, y and z i f the matrix AB is symmetric. X
X ~1 z -3 1 <!IBansal Classes Determinant & Matrices [21]
EXERCISE-III Q. 1 If matrix A a b c b c a where a, b, c are real positive number

s, abc = 1 and A T A = T , then find the c a b " [JEE 2003, Mains-2 out of 60]
2 a value of a3 + b3 + c 3 . Q.2 Q.3 IfA = a 2 (A) 3 and | A31 =125, then a = (B)
2 (C ) 5 (D) 0 [JEE 2004(Scr)] If M is a 3 x 3 matrix, where MTM = I and det (M)
= 1, then prove that det (M -1 ) = 0. [JEE 2004, 2 out of 60] "a2" "f" a 1 l" a
0 ll A = 1 c b , B = 0 d c > u = g ,V= 0 0 f g h h 1 d b If there is vector mat
rix X, such that AX=U has infini tely many solution, then prove that BX=V cannot
have a unique solution. If afd * 0, then prove that BX=V has no solution. [JEE
2004,4 out of 60] Q.5 1 0 0 1 A= 0 -2 (A)-6,-11 "V3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 and A 1 = g (A2
+ cA + dl) , then the value of c and d are 1 4 ,1 = 0 0 1 (B) 6, 11 2 (C)-6, 11
(D) 6, - 1 1 [JEE2005(Scr)] Q.6 IfP = 1 2 A 2 . 1 1 T T 2005 P, then x is equal
to > A= 0 1 and Q = PAP and x = P Q 4 + 2005V3 6 015 2005 4-2005a/3 2005 2-V3 2
+ V3 2005 [JEE 2005 (Screening)] (A) 0 (C) 1 2005 1 1 2-V3 (B) (D) 1 2 +a/3 -1
Comprehension (3 questions) Q.7 A = 2 1 0 , U,, U2 and U3 are columns matrices s
atisfying. AU5 3 2 1 The value of | U | is (A) 3 1 0 0 1~ 2 0 ;AU2= 3 0 0 ,AU3=
3 1 2 and U is 3 x 3 matrix whose columns are Uj, U2, U3 then answer the follow
ing que stions (a) (b) (B)-3 1 (C) 3/2 (C)l is (C)4 (D)2 (D)3 The sum of element
s o f U is (A)-l (B)0 The value of [3 2 o]U (A) 5 (B) 5/2
(c) (D) 3/2 [JEE 2006,5 marks each(-2)] ^Bansal Classes Determinant & Matrices [
22]
A N S W E R K E Y DETERMINANT EXERCISE-I Q4. - 1 Q l l . (ab'-a'b)(bc'-b'c)(ca'c'a) x = Q 14. x = - l orx=-2 ab + be + ca Q 15. x = 0 or j | ( a 2 + b 2 + c2)

Q19. X,2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + A) Q 23. If ab+bc+ca<0, then x =0 is the only real roo
t; If ab+bc+ca >0, then x =0 or x = Q 24. x = 4 Q28. Triangle ABC is isosceles.
EXERCISE-II Q 1. x = - 7 , y = - 4 Q 2.. ( a ) x = l , y = 2 , z = 3 ; consisten
t 13 7 35 (b) x = 2 , y = - l , z = l ; consistent (c) x = y , y = - - , z = - ;
consistent (d) inconsistent Q 3. x = -(a + b + c), y = ab + be + ca, z = -abc Q
4. K= y , x: y: z = - y : 1 : - 3 Q7. 2 Q9. (a) X3 (b) 1 = 3, p=10 (c)X = 3, \x 1
0 Q 10. x= 1+2K, y = - 3 K , z = K, whenp = 1 ; x = 2K, y= 1 - 3 K , z=Kwhenp =
2 ; whereK G R x _ y z 1 2 Q l l . If K*2, 2(K+6) ~ 2K+3 ~ 6(K-2) ~ 2(K +2K+15)'
If K=2,then x = X,y =- andz = 0 where X e R Q 12. If a * 1 or-2, unique solution;
If a = - 2 & m + n + p = 0, infinite solu tion; If a = - 2 & m + n + p ^ 0, no
solution ; If a = 1, infinite solution if m = n = p ; If a = 1, no solution if m
* n or n ^ p or p t- m Q13. t = 0 o r 3 ; x :y : z = 1 : 1 : 1 Q18. Q14. x = a+
b+c 1-2X a b c y= 4 9 If X*-5 thenx= ~;y = -~ andz = 0 ; a+b+c z= a+b+c Q17. b c
a c a b , , 4-5K 13K-9 , If X = 5 then x = - ; y = - and z = K where K e R
EXERCISE-III Ql. Q 4. Q6. Q 7. Q 8. x= 1, y = 4 , z = - 1 (i) d (ii) a Q 3. Q 5.

c ( i ) p * 2 , q = 3 ( i i ) p * 2 & q * 3 (iii) p = 2 4d4 a(a+d) 2 (a+2d)3 (a
+3d)2 (a+4d) for c = 0 , x = - 3 , y = 3 ; for B Q9. D =-10,x =- y y= j Qll.D Q
14. x = n7t, nel k = 1 : (5t+l, -3t, t); k = 2 : (5t-1,1 -31, t) for t e R ; no
solution Q10. (i) A where k e R - { 0 } k Q 13. r = 2 ; x = k ; y = - ; z = - k
fa B ansa I Classes Determinant & Matrices [23]
Q 15. If A = 5, system is consistent with infinite solution given by z = K, y= (

3K + 4) and x = - - - (5K + 2) where K e R 2 1 1 5, system is consistent with u
nique solution given by x= -(1-X,);x= ~(A + 2) andy = 0. Q.18 D ****************
************************************ Q17. B MATRICES EXERCISE-I Q . l x 1 = l ,
X2 = - 1 , X = l 3 0 Q.5 V = J_ Q.9 8 .11. Q.2x=|, y=2 "0 0 o" 1 0 o" 0 1 0 , FE
= 0 1 0 Q.3EF = 0 0 1 0 0 0 ? ~0 2 5 " 1 0 0 2 3 0 + 0 0 -6 Q.ll -1 0 4 0 0 0 1
1 1 w2 1 w Q.15 n=7 l/a 1 0 w > (iii) w2 0 0 0" 1/b 0 0 1/c ? 1 2 2 3 2 -3 "0 2
-3 + 0 -3 4 0 3" 0 -3 3 0 cosa Q.12(i) -sina 0 Q.14 4 sina 0 cosa 0 0 1 J_ 48 Q
.13 19 -70 -25 42 Q.16 f = - (a + d); g = ad - be 17 4 -10 0 Q.18 -21 - 3 -19 13
25 Q.19 -4 7 3 5 -7 5 1 " - 2 2" Q.17 (i) K=2, (ii) X = B, (iii) A = ~ - 4 2_ Q
.20 (i) x = 2, y = 1, z = 0 ; (ii) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 ; (iii) x = 2 + k, y = 1
- 2k , z = k where k s R ; (iv) inconsistent, hence no solution EXERCISE-II a Q.
l(i)X= 2 - 2 a 3b + d * 0 a b l - 2 b for a, b G R; (ii) X does not exist; ( iii
) X = c -2c c -3a - 3 c a, c e R and3a + c*0; 2K Q.4 1 Q.7 x = 2, y= 1, z = - l
Q.8 X -2d d , where c, d G R-{0}, NO -3 2 ,(b)X = 1 - 1 2 - 2 Q.9
1 -12 Q.IO f(a)= 1/4,a= 1/2 Q.ll 13 5 -3 -5 -12 Q. 13(a) X= 2 , (c) no solution
Q.14 (i)a * - 3 ,b e R; (ii) a = - 3 and b * 1/3 ; (iii) a = -3 ,b = 1/3 Q.15 2
0 Q.16 B = 0 -m k Q.19 1 -1 - 1 and C = 0 cosx -sinx 0 -1 Q.17 a = ^ J_ s * y= 1
^ ^ n 1 kn-/m - / sinx Q.20 cosx 3 3 ,(3,3,-1) EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.2 A Q.5 C Q.6
A Q.7 (a)A, (b)B, (c)A fa B ansa I Classes Determinant & Matrices [24]
5 BAN SAL ^ TARGET IIT JEE 2007 CLASSES XII & XIII (With Hints and Solutions at
the End) Q. 1 to Q.29 are of 6 Marks Problems Q.30 to Q.66 are of 8 Marks Proble
ms Q.67 t o Q.82 are of 10 Marks Problems Q.83 to Q. 100 are Objective type prob
lems. Advise: Do not spend more than 10 minutes for each problem and then read t
he sol ution and then do it. ALL TH BEST FOR JEE - 2 0 0 7
SUBJECTIVE: Q.l If the sum ofthe roots ofthe equation 2 3 3 3 x _ 2 +2 l l l x +

1 = 2 222x+2 +1 is expressed in the form q find 2 S j + S2, where g is in its l
owest form. Q.2 Q. 3 Q.4 Q. 5 [6] Let K is a positive integer such that 36 + K,
300 + K, 596 + K are the squares o f three consecutive terms of an arithmetic pr
ogression. Find K. [6] Find the num ber of 4 digit numbers starting with 1 and h
aving exactly two identical digits. [6] A chord ofthe parabola y2 = 4ax touches
the parabola y2 = 4bx. Show that the tan gents at the extremities of the chord m
eet on the parabola by2 = 4a2x. [6] Consi der a circle S with centre at the orig
in and radius 4. Four circles A, B, C and D each with radius unity and centres (
-3,0), (-1,0), (1,0) and (3,0) respectivel y are drawn. A chord PQ of the circle
S touches the circle B and passes through the centre of the circle C. If the le
ngth of this chord can be expressed as , fi nd x. [6] Q.6 x72 s Integrate J (j _
x ) dx t6l Q.7 Q.8 n/2 . r 1 sm 2x a If J " ^ s j n 2 x ) 2 d x = where a, b ar
e relatively prime f ind a + b + ab. [6] A bus contractor agrees to run special
buses for the employees of ABC Co. Ltd. H e agrees to run the buses if atleast 2
00 persons travel by his buses. The fare p er person is to be Rs. 10 per day if2
00 travel and will be decreased for everybo dy by 2 paise per person over 200 th
at travels. How many passengers will give th e contractor maximum daily revenue?
[6] If the point P(a, b) lies on the curve 9 y2=x3 such that the normal to the
curve at P makes equal intercepts with the axe s. Find the value of (a + 3b). [6
J Let x(t) be the concentration of glucose per unit volume of blood at time t, p
being the amount of glucose being injected per unit volume per unit time. If th
e glucose is disappearing from the blood at a r ate proportional to the concentr
ation of glucose (K being the constant of propor tionality),findx(t). Also find
the ultimate concentration of glucose as t > oo. [ 6] Q.9 Q.10 Q. 11 Find the val
ue (s) of the parameter 'a' (a > 0) for each of which the area ofthe figure boun
ded by the straight line, y= g2 ^ X -r- & the parabola y= 1+ a + 2 & X -f- 3 ci
^ . is the greatest. 1 +a [6] fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [2]
Q.12 Mr. A is a compulsive liar. He lies 2/5 ofthe time. However a clue to his v
alidi ty is that his ears droop 2/3 ofthe time when he is telling a lie. They on
ly dro op 1/10 ofthe time when he is telling the truth. Mr. A tells his friend M
r. B th at "certain event has occured" and his ears were dropping as noticed by
Mr. B. F ind the probability that Mr. A was telling the truth. [6] Q.13 Five per
sons entered the lift cabin on the ground floor of an eightfloorhou se. Suppose
that each of them, independently & with equal probability can leave the cabin at
any floor beginning with the first,findout the probability of all 5 persons lea
ving at different floors. [6] Q.14 Let u and v be non zero vectors o n a plane o
r in 3-space. Show that the vector w =] u | v+1 v | u bisects the ang le between
u and v . Q.15 Find the distance from the line x = 2 + t , y = l + t , z= [6] ~t to the plane x + 2y+6z= 10. [6] Q.16 Q.17 If 9 is the angle between the lines
in which the planes 3x - 7y - 5z = 1 and5x-1 3y + 3z + 2 = 0cuts the plane 8x 11 y + 2z = 0,findsinB. [6] Suppose u, v and w are twice differentiable functio
ns of x that satisfy the relations au + bv + c w = 0 u u' where a, b and c are c
onstants, not all zero. Show that v v' w w' = 0 . [6] Q.18 (A) (B) fc} In any tr
iangle ABC, prove that, cos A sin2 + cosB sin2 + cos C sin2 12 J k2) U J Q.19 If
the normals to the curve y = x2 at the points P, Q and R pass through the poin t
0, - ,findthe radius v 1) of the circle circumscribing the triangle PQR. [6 j f
TN Q.20 Let A = {a e R | the equation (1 + 2/)x3 - 2(3 + i)x2 + (5 - 4i)x + 2a2
= 0 } has at least one real root. Find the value of Y a 2 . aeA [6] Q.21 Q.22 Q
.23 Find the equation of a line passing through (- 4, -2) having equal intercept
s on the coordinate axes. [6] Let S be the set of all x such that x4 - 1 Ox2 + 9
< 0. Find the maximum value o f f (x) = xJ 3x on S. [6] Solve the differential
equation, (x4y2-y)dx + (x2y4-x)dy = 0 (y(l) = l)
[6] Bansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007
Q.24 All the face cards from a pack of 52 playing cards are removed. From the re
maini ng pack half of the cards are randomly removed without looking at them and
then randomly drawn two cards simultaneously P(38C2Q) from the remaining. If th
e prob ability that two cards drawn are both aces is 40 r . 20r ,findp. [6] [ e
N > ^ x 2 y2 Q.25 A circle intersects an ellipse - y + = 1 precisely at three po
ints A, / a b v / B, C as shown in the figure. AB is a diameter of the circle an
d is perpendicular to the major axis of the ellipse. If the eccentricity ofthe e
llip se is 4/5, find the length of the diameter AB in terms of a. [6] Q.26 Suppo
se R is set of reals and C is the set of complex numbers and a function is defin
ed as f: R - C, -ft / f (t) = - where t e R , prove that / is injective. [6] Q. 27
Circles A and B are externally tangent to each other and to line t. The su m of
the radii of the two circles is 12 and the radius of circle A is 3 times th at o
f circle B. The area in between the two circles and its \l brc external tang ent
is a v 3 - ~ thenfindthe value of a + b. [6] 0 0 1 8 6 4 2 3 0 . Find a vert ic
al vector y such that (A + A + A + A +1) y = 11 where I is a unit matrix of or d
er 2. [6] Q. 2 8 Define a matrix A r Q. 29 A circle is inscribed in a triangle w
ith sides of lengths 3,4 and 5. A sec ond circle, interior to the triangle, is t
angent to the first circle and to both sides of the larger acute angle of the tr
iangle. If the radius of teh second ci rcle can be expressed in the form (0,90),
find the value of k + w. sink where k a nd w are in degrees and lie in the inter
val cos w [6] ax2 - 24x + b = x Q.30 If the equation 5 > has exactly two distinc
t real solutio ns and their sum is 12 then find x2-l the value of (a-b). [8] Q.3
1 If a, b, c an d d are positive integers and a < b < c < d such that a, b, c ar
e in A.P. and b, c, d are in G.P. and d - a = 30. Find the four numbers. [8] Q .
32 Let the set A = {a, b, c, d, e} and P and Q are two non empty subsets ofA. Fi
nd the number of ways in which P and Q can be selected so that P n Q has at leas
t one common ele ment. [8] Q. 3 3 If the normals drawn to the curve y = x2 - x +
1 at the points A, B & C on the curve are concurrent at the point P (7/2,9/2) t
hen compute the s um ofthe slopes ofthe three normals. Also find their equations
and the co-ordina tes of the feet of the normals onto the curve. [8] fa B ansaI
Classes Determinant & Matrices [4]
Q. 3 4 A conic passing through the point A (1,4) is such that the segment j oini
ng a point P (x, y) on the conic and the point of intersection of the normal at
P with the abscissa axis is bisected by the y - axis. Find the equation of the
c onic and also the equation of a circle touching the conic,at A (1,4) and passi
ng through i its focus. [8] Q.3 5 y k hyperbola has onefocusat the origin and it
s eccentricity = Find the equation to its asymptotes. Q. 3 6 Let A, B, C be real
n umbers such that ^(i) (sin A, cos B) lies on a unit circle centred at origin,
(i i) tan C and cot C are defined. ' I ^ If the minimum value of (tan C - sinA)
2 (cot C - cos B)2 is a + bV2 where a. b e N, find the value ^ o f a 3 + b3" ' 1
*1 Q.37 For a > 2, if the value of the definite integral f equals " . Find the v
al ue of a. J / ,\2 5050 n 2 7 1 I 0 a <x V x; [8] Q.38 If and one ofits directr
ix is x + y + 1 =0. [8] f (7t 4 6 ) t a n 6 d0 = rc /n k - , find the value of (
kw), where k, w e N. , 1tanO w 71/4 J [8] 1 Q. 3 9 Given a function g, continuous
everywhere such that g( 1) = 5 and j g ( t) dt = 2. 0 1 x If f(x) = - J (x -1)
2 g (t) dt, then compute the value of f"' (1) - f " (1). 20 Q.40 [8] Let f: [0,1
] R is a continuous function such that Jf(x)dx = 0. Prove that there is c e (0,
1) such > that Jf(x)dx =f(c). 0 Q. 41 [Bj Q.42 Consider the equation in x, x j ax + b = 0 in which a and b are constants. Sho w that the equation has only one
solution for x if a < 0, for a=3,findthe values of b for which the equation has
three solutions. f8] Atank consists of 50 litre s offreshwater. Two litres ofbr
ine each litre containing 5 gms of dissolved salt are run into tank per minute;
the mixture is kept uniform by stilting, and runs out at the rate of one litre p
er minute. If'm' grams of salt are present in the tank after t minute, express'm
' in terms of t andfindthe amount of salt present after 10 minutes. [8] Q.43 Urn
-1 contains 3 red balls and 9 black balls. Urn-II contains 8 red balls a nd 4 bl
ack balls. Urn-Ill contains 10 red balls and 2 black balls. A card is dra wnfrom
a well shuffled back of 52 playing cards. If a face card is drawn, a ball is sel
ected from Urn-I. If an ace is drawn, a ball is selected from Urn-II. If a ny ot
her card is drawn, a ball is selected from Urn-Ill. Find (a) the probabilit y th
at a red ball is selected. (b) the conditional probability that Urn-I was on efr
omwhich a ball was selected, given that the ball selected was red. |8] MBansal C
lasses Problems for JEE-2007 fSJ
Q .44 The digits of a number are 1 , 2 . 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 & 9 written at ra

ndom in any order. Find the probability that the order is divisible by 11. [8]
Q .45 A number is chosen randomly from one of the two sets, A = {1801, 1802, ,18
99 , 1900} & B = {1901,1902, ,1999,2000}. If the number chosen represents a cale
nde r year. Find the probability that it has 53 Sundays. [8] Q.46 A box contains
2 f ifty paise coins, 5 twenty five paise coins & a certain fixed number N (> 2
) of ten &fivepaise coins. Five coins are taken out of the box at random. Find t
he pr obability that the total value of these five coins is less than Re. 1 & 50
paise . [8] Q.47 A hunter knows that a deer is hidden in one of the two near by
bushes , the probability of its being hidden inbush-I being 4/5. The hunter hav
ing a ri fle containing 10 bullets decides to fire them all at bush-I or II. It
is known that each shot may hit one of the two bushes, independently of the othe
r with pr obability 1/2. How many bullets must he fire on each of the two bushes
to hit th e animal with maximum probability. (Assume that the bullet hitting th
e bush also hits the animal). [8] Q.48 ABCD is a tetrahedron with A(- 5, 22, 5);
B(l, 2, 3); C(4, 3, 2); D(- 1 , 2 , - 3). Find AB x FEE x BE)) What can you say
about the values of (AB X BE) X B D and (AB X BD) X BC. Calculate the volume of
the tetrahedron ABCD and the vecto r area ofthe triangle AEF where the quadrila
teral ABDE and quadrilateral ABCF ar e parallelograms. [8] Q.49 Find the equatio
n ofthe line passing through the poin t (1,4,3) which is perpendicular to both o
f the lines x 1 y+3 z 2 x+2 y-4 z+l - - = a n d - = - - 2 1 4 3 2 -2 Also find
on this line the square of whose dist ance from (1,4,3) is 357. Q.50 Q.51 [8] F
ind the parametric equation for the line which passes through the point (0,1,2)
and is perpendicular to the line x = 1 +1, y = 1 - 1 and z = 2t and also inters
ects this line. [8] Suppose that r ; * r2 and r ^ = 2 (r,, r, need not be real).
If r, and r, are the roots of the biquadratic x4 - x3 + ax2 - 8x - 8 = 0 find r
,, r2 and a. [8] x2+y2+a2 2ax + xy 2ay + x 2ax + xy a2+2x2 2ax + xy 2ay + x 2ax
+ xy x2+y2+a2 [8] Q.52 Express as a product of two polynomial. "1 2 2 2 1 1 10
2 2 3 2 2 1 and D = 13 and that Cb = D. Q.53 Given the matrices A = 1 -1 3 ; C =
1 1 1 9 Solve the matrix equati on Ax = b. Q.54 Prove that Q.55 a b+c 2 [8] [8]
b c 3 + 7~T > T for a, b, c > 0. c+a a+b 2 2 x 2 +y 2 31-2 Given x, y e R, x +
y > 0. If the maximum and minimum value ofthe expression 3 x +xy + 4y 2 M and m,
and A denotes the average value of M and m, c ompute (2007)A, [8] A B C A B C c
os cos~cos - sin sin sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 Q.56 Prove that the triangle ABC will be a righ
t angled triangle if J. 2 [8] fa B ansaIClasses
Q. 5 7 A point P is situated inside an angle of measure 60 at a distance x and y

from its sides. Find the distance of the point Pfromthe vertex of the given angl
e in terms of x and y. [8] Q.58 In AABC, a = 4 ; b = 3 ; medians AD and BE are
m utually perpendicular. Find 'c' and 'A'. [8] Q.59 The lengths ofthe sides of a
triangle are log,012, log1075 and logj0, where n e N. Find the number of possibl
e values of n. [8] Q.60 A flight of stairs has 10 steps. A person can go up the
steps one at a time, two at a time, or any comb ination of 1 's and 2's. Find th
e total number ofways in which the person can go up the stairs. [8] b fe x a Q.6
1 Let a and b be two positive real numbers. Prove that J a / _eb/x dx = 0 x [81
Q.62 Let/(x) = 2 kx + 9 where k is a real number. If 3/(3) =/(6), then the value
of / ( 9 ) - / ( 3 ) isequalto N, where N is a natural number. Find all the com
posite divisors of N. [8] Q. 6 3 Line / is a tangent to a unit circle S at a po
i nt P. Point A and the circle S are on the same side of I, and the distancefrom
A to / is 3. Two tangents intersect line I at the point B and C respectively. Fi
nd the value of (PB)(PC). [8] Q. 64 A triangle has one side equal to 8 cm the ot
he r two sides are in the ratio 5:3. What is the largest possible area ofthe tri
ang le. [8] R Q.65 Q.66 In triangle ABC, max {ZA, ZB} = ZC + 30 and = V3 + 1, whe
re R is the radius of th e circumcircle and r is the radius of the incircle. Fin
d ZC in degrees. [8] 2 Th e parabola P: y = ax where 'a' is a positive real cons
tant, is touched by the li ne L: y = mx - b (where m is a positive constant and
b is real) at the point T. Let Q be the point of intersection of the line L and
the y-axis is such that TQ = 1. If A denotes the 1 maximum value of the region s
urrounded by P, L and the y -axis, find the value of . [8] Q.67 A point moving a
round circle (x+4)2 + (y + 2)2=25 with centre C broke awayf romit either at the
point A or point B on the circle and moved along a tangent t o the circle passin
g through the point D (3, - 3). Find the following. (i) Equat ion of the tangent
s at A and B. (ii) Coordinates of the points A and B. (iii) An gle ADB and the m
aximum and minimum distances of the point Dfromthe circle. (iv) Area of quadrila
teral ADBC and the AD AB. (v) Equation of the circle circumscri bing the ADAB an
d also the intercepts made by this c ircle on the coordinate axe s. [10] Q.68 If
2 x . = l and ]T(/ + l) 2 x. =12 and ( z + 2) 2 x, =123, ;=i ;=i ;=i then find
the value of ^T(/ + 3) 2 x. . 11 = 7 7 7 7 [10] fa B ansaIClasses Determinant &
Matrices
[7]
Q.69 The normals to the parabola y2 = 4x at the points P, Q & R are concurrent a
t the point (15,12). Find (a) the equation of the circle circumscribing the tri
a ngle PQR (b) the co-ordinates of the centroid of the triangle PQR. [10] Q.70 T
he triangle ABC, right angled at C, has median AD, BE and CF. AD lies along the
li ne y = x + 3, BE lies along the line y = 2x + 4. If the length of the hypoten
use is 60, find the area of the triangle ABC. [10] Q.71 Let W, and W2 denote the
circles x + y + lOx - 24y - 87 = 0 and x + y - lOx - 24 y + 153 = 0 respectivel
y. Let m be the smallest positive value of 'a' for which the line y=ax contains
the centre of a P circle that is externally tangent to W2 and internally tangent
to W,. Given that m1 = ~ wherep and q are relatively pri me integers, find [p +
q). 2 2 2 2 q [10] Q.72 If 3 rdx = a 5j J 6 (l + sinx) n b-j3 where a, b, c e N
and b, c are relatively prime, find the value of c [10] a + b + c + abc. l dX Q
.73 If f . r~= V J Vl + x + Vl x + 2 = Va - Vb --JL where a,b,c e N, find the val
ue a2 + b2 + c2. VC [10] Q. 74 Suppose/(x) and g (x) are differentiable function
s such that xg(/(x))/'fe( x)k'(x) = /(g(x)M/(x))Ax) for all real x. Moreover,/(x
) is nonnegative andg(x) i s positive. Furthermore, J / ( g ( x ) ) d x = 1 o ^
for all reals a. Given that g(f(0)) = 1. If the value of g{ f(4)) = e"k where k
e N. find k. Q.75 [10] Let f (x) be a differentiable function such that f (x) +/
(x) = 4xe~x sin 2x and/ (0) = 0. Find the value ofLim ^f(kTi). k=i [10] (y ^ 0,
f(y) ^ 0) V-x, y e R and [10] f x) f(x) Q. 76 Let f be a differentiable function
satisfying the condition f ^ ^ J =
f ' (1) = 2, then find the area enclosed by y = f(x), x2 + y2 = 2 and x - axis.
Q.77 The equation Z10 + (13 Z - l)10 = 0 has 5 pairs of complex roots a p b,, a2
, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5. Each pair a;, bi are complex conjugate. Find i i
[ 10] Q.78(i) Let Cr's denotes the combinatorial coefficients in the expansion o
f (1 + x)n, n e N. If the integers an = C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 + bn = c, + c4 + c7 +
c10 + and cn = C2 + C5 + Cg + C,, + , then prove that (a) a 3 + b3 + c3 - 3anbnc
n = 2" , (ii) Prove the identity: Bans a/ Classes (C0 - C2 + C4 - C6 + (b) (an bn)2 + (bn - cn)2 + (cn - an)2 = 2. )2 + (Cj - C3 + C5 - C7 + )2 = 2n [81 [10]
Problems for JEE-2007
Q.79 Given the matrix A = - 1 3 1 -3 - 1 3 5 - 5 and X be the solution set of th

e equation Ax = A, 5 where the continued pr oduct extends V x e X. (,1 c) [10] w
here x e N - {1}. Evaluate J v x3-ly Q.80 + log a - log b = log 2. Also V a/ a(l
- x 2 ) + 2bx + c(l + x ) = 0 has two equ al roots. Find the value of sin A + s
in B + sin C. [10] 1 ^ sin(nx) For x g (0, n/2) and sin x = , if Zu 3 3 n=0 where
a, b, c are positive integers. ix e - e- i x (You may Use the fact that sin x =
) 2i If a, b, c are the sides of triangle ABC satisfying log Q.81 = a + bVb ~~ t
hen find the value of (a + b + c), c [10] , 225}. Find the [10] Q.82 /Two distin
ct numbers a and b are chosen randomly from the set {2, 2 2 ,2 3 , 24, probabili
ty that logab is an integer. OBJECTIVE Select the correct alternative. (Only one
is correct): Q.83 A child ha s a set of96 distinct blocks. Each block is one of
two material (plastic, wood), 3 sizes (small, medium, large), 4 colours (blue, g
reen, red, yellow), and 4 shap es (circle, hexagon, square, triangle). How many
blocks in the set are different from "Plastic medium red circle" in exactly two
ways? ("The wood medium red squ are" is such a block) (A) 29 (B)39 (C) 48 (D)56
Q.84 The sum ^ ( - ^ ( i k j (A) - 298 where ( rj = e( *mls (D) 249 (B) 298 (C)
- 249 Q.85
If A > 0, c, d, u, v are non-zero constants, and the graphs of / (x) = j Ax + c

| + d and u+c g (x) = - j Ax + u | + v intersect exactly at 2 points (1,4) and (
3,1) then the value of ~ ~ ~ equals ~~~ (A) 4 (B)-4 4 3 (C) 2 2 (D)-2 Q. 8 6 Co
nsider the poiynomial equation x - 2x + 3x - 4x + 1 = 0. Which one of the foll o
wing statements describes correctly the solution set of this equation? (A) four
non real complex zeroes. (B) four positive zeroes (C) two positive and two nega
tive zeroes. (D) two real and two non real complex zeroes. The units digit of 31
001 71002 131003 is (A) 1 (B) 3 Q.87 (C)7 (D)9 fa B ansa I Classes Determinant
& Matrices [9]
Q. 8 8 The polynomial f (x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d has real coefficients and

/(2/) = / (z + /) = 0. The value of (a + b + c + d) equals (A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 9 (D)
10 ^ Q.89 If the sum 2L ^ equals (A) 6 + 1 o ) ^ +fc-^/k+ 2 (B) 8 = Va+ Vb 7 c
where a, b, c e N and lie in [1, 15] then a + b + c (C) 10 (D) 11 Q.90 Triangle
ABC is isosceles with AB =AC and BC = 65 cm. P is apoint on BC suc h that the pe
rpendicular distances from P and AB and AC are 24 cm and 36 cm resp ectively. Th
e area of triangle ABC in sq. cm is (A) 1254 (B) 1950 (C)2535 (D)507 0 Q.91 The
polynomial function f(x) satisfies the equation f ( x ) - f ( x - 2 ) = (2x- l)
2 forallx. Ifpandqarethe coefficient of x2 and x respectively in f (x ), then p
+ q is equal to (AO 0 (B) 5/6 (C) 4/3 (D) 1 Q.92 Three bxes are labelled A, B an
d C and each box contains four balls numbere d 1,2,3 and 4. The balls in each bo
x are well mixed. A child chooses one ball at randomfromeach of the three boxes.
If a, b, and c are the numbers on the balls chosen from the boxes A, B and C re
spectively, the child wins a toy helicopter w hen a = b + c. The odds in favour
of the child to receive the toy helicopter are (A) 3:32 (B)3:29 (C)1 : 15 (D)5:5
9 \ f ( arc sin 41 - arc cosf is equal to Q. 9 3 The value of tan 5J 1 13 J / \
25 (A)3 (B)-33 ( Q - 16 CD)Select the correct alternatives. (More than one are c
orrect): Q. 94 Three positi ve integers form thefirstthree terms of an A.P. If t
he smallest number is increa sed by one the A.P. becomes a G.P. In original A.P.
if the largest number is inc reased by two, the A.P. also becomes a G.P The sta
tements which does not hold go od? (A) first term ofA.P. is equal to 3 times its
common difference. (B) Sn = n( n+ 11) (C) Smallest term of the A.P. is 8 (D) Th
e sum of thefirstthree terms of an A.P. is 36. Q.9 5 If the line 2x + 9y + k = 0
is normal to the hyperbola 3x2 - y2 = 23 then the value of k is (A) 31 (B) 24 (
C) - 31 (D) - 24 Q. 96 The line 2x - y = 1 intersect the parabola y2 = 4x at the
points A and B and the normals at A and B intersect each other at the point G.
If a third normal to the parabol a through G meets the parabola at C then which
of the following statements) is/a re correct. (A) sum of the abscissa and ordina
te of the point C is - 1. (B) the normal at C passes through the lower end of th
e latus rectum ofthe parabola. (C) centroid of the triangle ABC lies at the focu
s of the parabola. (D) normal at C has the gradient - 1. fa B ansaIClasses Deter
minant & Matrices [10]
Q.97 If (j) (x) =/(x 2 ) +/(1 - x2) and/" (x) > 0 for x 6 R then which ofthe fol
lowing are correct? (A) (j) (x) attains its extrema at 0, ^ (C) c (x) attains i
t s local maxima at 0. f > (B) (j) (x) increases in (- l/V2 , o)u (l/V2,00) (D)
(j ) (x) decreases in \/4l, o)u ( l / , 00) . lit (in x \ sm 3 sin x Q.98 If tan
~ = - where 0 < x < n, then the value of x is V 3 , cos 271 cosx 3 it (A)^ 5n (
B)77t ( O 1 Itc (D) MATCH THE COLUMN: Q.99 Column-I (A) The smallest positive in
tegeral value of n f or which the complex number (l + j s i j 1 ' 2 is real, is
(B) (C) Let z be a co mplex number of constant non zero modulus such that z2 is
purely imaginary, then the number of possible values of z is 3 whole numbers are
randomly selected. Tw o events A and B are defined as A: units place in their p
roduct is 5. B : their product is divisible by 5. If p, and p2 are the probabili
ties ofthe events Aand B such that p9 = kpj then 'k' equals For positive integer
s x and k, let the grad ient of the line connecting (1,1) and (x, x3) be k. Numb
er of values of k less t han 31, is Column-I For real a and b ifthe solutions to
the equation Z9 - 1 = 0 are written in the form of a+ib then the number of dist
inct ordered pairs (a, b) such that a and b are positive, is Lim ( e x + l ! * x
-oo Column-II (P) 4 (Q) (R) (S) 6 8 9 (D) Q.l 00 (A) Column-II 0 (P) (Q) (R) (S)
i 2 e (B) (C) (D) Let A, B be two events with P(B) > 0. If B c A then P(A/B) equ
als A real number x is chosen at random such that 0 < x < 100. 1 a The probabili
ty that x - [xl > Sis , where a and b are relatively 3i b b primes and [x] denote
s the greatest int eger then (b - a) equals Bansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007
[U]
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS Let 2 1Ilx = y lo g2y so that ]og2y= 111 X 111 equation beco
mes + 2y = 4y2 + 1 4 y3 - 16y2 + 8y - 4 = 0 sum of the roots of the given equat
i on is iog2 yj + log2 y2 + iog2 y3 _ l o g ^ y ^ y g ) X,+X2 + X3 = ill ill Let
t he 3 consecutive terms are a - d , a, a + d d>0 2 2 ....(1) hence a - 2ad + d
= 36 + K a2 = 300 + K ....(3) a2 + 2ad + d2 = 596 + K now (2)-(1) gives d(2a d) = 264 ....(4) (3)-(2) gives d(2a + d) - 296 ....(5) (5)-(4) gives 2d2 = 32 =>
d2 = 16 Hence from (4) 4(2a - 4) = 264 => => 2a - 4 = 66 => K = 352 - 300 1225300 = 925 Ans.] iog 2 4_ 2 ill i l l Sj + S2 = 113 Ans.] ,3 d = 4 (d = - 4 rejec
ted) 2a = 70 => a = 35 Case-I: When the two identical digits are both unity as s
hown. x[y j 1 | any one place out of 3 block for unity can be taken in 3 ways an
d the remaining two blo cks can be filled in 9 8 ways. Total ways in this case =
3 9 8 = 216 Case-II: Wh en the two identical digit are other than unity. 1 Mx|y
UMy|x|;li|y|x|x| two x's can be taken in 9 ways and filled in three ways and y
can be taken in 8 ways. Total ways in this case = 9- 3- 8 = 216 Total of both ca
se = 432 Ans. ] h = a(t,t2) k = a(t 1 +t 2 ) Equation to the variable chord 2x (tj + t2)y + 2atj t2 = 0 t,+t 2 + A(t,) 2at,t2 t,+t 2 2a 2h V - x + a ....(1) y k
k Since (1) touches y2 = 4bx, using the condition of t angency 2ah _ bk k ~ 2a
Locus is by2 = 4a2x ] fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [12]
5. Note that triangles BCM and OCN are similar now let ON = p. N will be mid poi
nt of chord PQ P 1 now = I 2 P= 1 R = 2-\jr2 - p2 for large circle = 2Vl 6 - (1/
4) - V63 Equation of large circle as x2 + y2 = 16 1 now C = (1, 0) with slope PQ
= - ^ (think !) Alternatively: equation of PQ : ^ y + x ^ l 1 P (from origin) =
result ] Taking x2 out of the bracket J( 1 - x ' ) J f 2 \ 5 dx = J ,10 i ,v -d
x - ^ U d x (x-'-l) 1 Put x "2 - 1 = t = r dx = dt X - 2 r dt "2 t5 J 2 - J -1 _1
xz 1 -l J
+ C] 7. Using sin2x n/2 l2 tanx I + tan"x

tan x 7t /2 ,, .-j , = r ( l - t a n x )V
i- J 2 tanx ' (I + tanx) o l+ l + tan2 x
) dy io+y)" now put l + y = z dy = dz = l
I1 i_3 JZ 1 13 a = l , b = 3 => l +3 + 3
x Q (cosx +sinx) 4 Determinant & Matrices
*?(!-tanx) 2 sec xdx / (l + tanx) 4 2

( l + tan 2 x)dx " 2 l + tan~ x dx i 4
put y = tan x => dy = sec2x dx -Ci - y
Alternatively: f (2-z) -dz C O -6z + 4
= 7 Ans. ] n/2, nu _ . a I = f - m . d
[13] fa B ansaIClasses
tc/2 1 dx I = - f (cos x - sin x) i J ' v d x v (cosx + sinx)J J) integrating by

parts rc/2 ti/2 (cos x - sin x) (sin x + cos x) dx 1 (cos x +sin x)~ 0 + 0 (cosx
+ sinx)3 using sin 2x : > 2 3 2tanx 1 + tan x 2 i3 3 1 fdt 2 1 i 3f ? - + 3 3 3
h j + jtWMD */2 {(-!)-(!)}+ J dx + sin 2x t r l V2 sec2 x . dx 3 ^ (1 + tanx)2 2
1 3 ~3 a = 1, b = 3 => 1 + 3 + 3 = 7 Ans. ] Let the number of passengers be x (
x > 200) Fair changed per person = 10 (x -100 ) Total revenue = x f(x)= 14xf'(x)
= 14 f"(x) <0 2x 100 4x 100 2 100 10-(x-200) 100 2x , 2x' = lOx - ( x - 2 0 0 )
= lOx + 4x 100 100 =0 x = 350 x = 350 gives maxima] => Given 9y2 = x3 Let the p
oint on the curve be x = t2 and y : = /t dt ' d x = +2 t' dt d y dy _ dy dt _ t
2 t dx dt dx 2t 2 normal makes equal intercept hence - 1 => t=2 slope of the nor
mal = - ~ Hence P = ( 4 , - ) a + 3b = 4 + 3 - = 4 + 8 = 12 Ans. ] ^Bansal Class
es Problems for JEE-2007 [14]
10. Amount of glucose in blood at time t is x (t) dx p-Kx dt hence dx dt p-Kx 1

/n(p-Kx) = t + C K /n(p-Kx) = -Kt + C p - K x = r K t+ c p - e -Kt+C x: K Lim x(
t) = ^ ] t-00 K "2r (a2 - a x ) - (x2 + 2ax + 3a2) | 11. A = dx where Xj & x7 are
the roots of, x2 + 2ax + 3a 2 = a 2 - a x x = - a or x = - 2 a A= a3 dA 4 6(1+a
) da 0 gives a = 3I/4Ans. ] 12. A: ears of Mr A formed to be drooping B,: Mr A
was telling a truth P(B,) = 3/5 B ,: Mr B was telling a false P(B,) = 2/5 P(A/B,
)= 1/10 P(A/B2) = 2/3 3 J_ 5 10 P( B,/A) = 3 J_ 2 2 5 10 + 5 3 3+ 40 49 Ans. ] 1
3. E: all the 5 persons leave at different floors n(S) = 85 n(A) = 8C5 5! j m 14
. U-W cos a = wjjuj cos a cos j3 C 5 -5! 105 ans. 512 (u v) 1 u j + I V j I u j
UI w! G-fioor u (j u 1 v+1 v|u) I u II w! ....(1)
(u v)+ j V 1 u 1 vw Iw V v-(|u| v+| v|u) [ Vi2|uI +(v-u) I VI |w||v| ~ ! W11 VI D

eterminant & Matrices [1 5] fa B ansaIClasses
v||u|+(v-u) ....(2) w from (1) and (2) cos a = cos p a = p] COS P 15. The line i
s 1 =^ 1 A A z' = 2. - t \ 2 ....(1) line passes through 2i + jk and is parallel to
the vector V = i + j - k vector nor mal to the plane x + 2y + 6z = 10, is n = i
+ 2 j + 6k V.n = 1 + 2 - 3 2+2310 d= V l + 4 + 36 16. V41 line (1) is 1 to the pl
ane 1 Ans | A A A J A' (2,1 ,-1/2) / ] Vector v, along the line of intersection
of 3x - 7y - 5z = 1 and 8x - 1 ly + 2z = 0 is given by i v, = nj xn, = 3 8 j -7
-11 k - 5 = -23(3i+ 2 j - k ) 2 |||ly vector v2 along the line of intersection o
f the planes 5x-13y + 3z = 0 and 8x - 11 y + 2z = 0 is i J k v2 = n 3 x n 4 = 5
-13 3 8 -11 2 7 (i + 2j + 7k) ] now v, -v2 = 0 => angle is 90 => sin90 = l 17. Giv
en and au + bv + cw= 0 -...(I) a u' + bv' + cw' = 0 ....(2) au" + bv" + cw" = 0
....(3)
u v w u' v' w' For non trivial solution (non zero) solution of a, b and c . We m
ust have u" v" w" 18. Let y = cos A sin2f A = 0] l + cosB sin2 + cos C sin2 f '
<2, ,2, C = [cos A (1 - cos A) + cosB (1 - cosB) + cos C (1 - cos C)] = [(cosA
- cos2A) + (cosB - cos2B) + (cosC - cos2C)] cosA- ] - I 2J 4 <f cosB 2 0 _ I 2J 4
< < I ( cosC I 0 2y 4 fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [16]
y= cosA-cosB- 2 cosC , \2 now y will be maximum if cosA = cos B = cos C = hence

y max =3/8 ] 19. y = x2; x = t; y = t2 dy = 2x = 2t dx slope of normal m equatio
n of normal 1 y 1 2 = - (x -1) 2X if x = 0; y = or 2t(y -1 2 ) = - x +1 2t '3 2
2 t=0 2t t v2 or 3 - 2t2 = 1 => t= 1 or - 1 hence one of the point is origi n an
d the other two are (-1, l)and(l, 1) => PQR is arighttriangle radius of the circ
le is 1 its equation is x2 + (y - 1 )2 = 1 x2 + y2 - 2y = 0 ] 20. Let x be a rea
l root. Equating real and imaginary part x3 - 6x2 + 5x + 2a2 = 0 ,(1) 3 2 an d 2
x - 2x - 4x = 0 .(2) 2x(x2 - x - 2) = 0 2x(x - 2)(x + 1) = 0 the given x = 0, 2
or - 1 if x=0 a =0 x = - 1 => x=2 => a2 = 6 = > a2 = 3 = > a= V6 a = V^ a e {O,V
6,-a/6,V3,-V3} S = 0 + 6 + 6 + 3 + 3 = 18 Ans.] 21. For non zero intercepts slop
e = - 1 y=- x+c point ( - 4 , - 2 ) - 2=4+c => Class es c= -6 Problems for JEE-2
007 117] ^Bansal
linesisy = - x - 6 x + y+ 6= 0 for zero intercept lineisy=mx - 2 = m(- 4) => m=

1/2 2y = x lines are 2y 4 - 1 Ox2 + 9 < 0 (x 2 - 9)(x2 - 1 ) < 0 1 <x<3 hence x)
= x - 3x f'(x) = 3 x 2 - 3 = 0 x=1 maximum occurs dx + x2y4dy = xdy + ydx x2y2(x
2dx + y2dy) = xdy + ydx 18 / "V \ -3 / -1 2 / ~" V ' / 23. (xy)2 Integrating, r
2 r , fd(xy) Jx dx + Jy dy = j, +C C = 5, 3 3 xy (x3 + y3) + hence x3 + y3 + 3(x
y) 24 52 face card removed = C; now if x = 1; y = 1 5 Ans. ] 40 20 drawn randoml
y Let 20 cards randomly removed has no aces. 20 cards randomly removed has exact
ly one ace. 20 cards randomly removed has exactly 2 aces. E: event that 2 drawn
from t he remaining 20 cards has both the aces P(E) = P(E n E0) + P(E n E,) + P(
E n E,) = P(E0) P(E / E0) + P(Ej) P(E / Ej+ P(E2) P(E / E2) = 40 ( f E0: 4 aces
36 other 36, a 40, '20 4p ' 20 p 2 + 40 , 36p 19 20 p "20 = xandx + y +6 = 0 ] 2
2. x - 3 < x < - 1 or 3 now f ( when x = 3 f (3) = 18 ] x4y2 x2dx + y2dy = d(xy)
4 + 2 C,- 3 6 C 18 40, "20 20 "20 c 36 'C 20 2 1 40 c 20 19' 20, 2' 2' 18' fa B a
nsaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [18]
6- 36C20 + 12- j6 C 19 +6- 36C,8 40 C20 20, 6[ 36 C 20 + 36C 19 + 36C,n + 36C18]

"19 40, 20 '20 C6( 37C 20 + 37C 19' 40, '20 20/ 6( 38 C 20 ) 40, "20 20/ => p =
6 Ans. ] 25. e= b _ JL _ 2 ....(1) a" 25 ~ 25 ' a ~ 5 now radius of the circle
r = a - X (where X, 0 is the centre of the circle) also r=AC = b sin 9 a - X = b
sin 9 where X = a cos 9 a(l -cos9) = b sin 9 a2(l - cos 9)2 = b2(l - cos 9)(1 +
cos 9) a2(l - co s 9) = b2(l + cos 9) 1 -cos9 _ 9 l + cos9 ~ 25 25 - 25 cos 9 =
9 + 9 cos 9 16 = 34 cos 9 1 ^ â cos 8, C(X,0l)(a,0) 3 i 8 cos 9 = ; sin 9 15 17
3a 15 5 ' 17 18 AB = 2b sin 9 = 2 26. Let a, b e R, such that f(a) = f(b) 17 a
Ans. ] =>
1 + ai 1 + bz 1-a/ 1 - bz 1 - bi + ai + ba =1 + bi - ai + ab 2ai = 2bi = a=b f i

s injective. 27. Let r be the radius of circle A and R be the radius of circ le
B r + R = 12 and r = 3R 4R= 12; R = 3 and r = 9 1 Area of trapezium ABCD = - (3
+ 9) ^(\2) 2 - 6 2 = \ A fi Q -i 6 Vl08 = 36^3 \ 3 j IE ^THs. 3J 1 T 27rc t Are
a of arc ADC = ~ x 81 x = 2 3 2 fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [19]
1 _ 271 Area of arc BCE = - x 9 x = 3TI 2 3 required area = 36-73 a = 36, b = 33

a + b = 69 Ans. ] 28. "3 0" "o r "0 1" A2 = _3 0_ 0 0 0 3_ = 31 A4 = 91; A6 = 2
7; A8 = 811 (A8 + A6 + A4 + A2 + I) = 121 I "1 0" hence 121 0 1 V "121 & 121 b_
29. = 27tt + 371 = 36V3 33tt "o" 11 "121 . 0 121 0" a _ A V= "0" 11_ 0 ]_ 11. "
0" _11_ => a = 0, b = 11' A 6 Radius of the first circle = = = 1 S 6 sur also no
w 1-r ....(1) (r < 1) 1+r sin C : 2sin2 sin2 c = 1 - cos C = 1 i I 5 1 - r \2 l+
tj 5(1 - r)2 = (1 + r)2 ^ j< V5(l-r) = 1 + r , ,... V5 - 1 = ( V 5 + l ) r 30. Vsi V5+1 sin 18s . => cos 36 k + w = 54 Ans. ] Cross multiplication and rearranging gi
ves the cubic, x3 - ax2 + 23x - b = 0 <ct 2a + (3 = a a 2 + 2ap = 23 and a2P = p
Also given a + P = 12 from (2) and (4) a 2 + 2a(12 - a) = 23 a 2 + 24a - 2a 2 =
23 ..(1) (2) ..(3) ..(4) J i , , ^ ^ o i o i - W . fa B ansa I Classes
and => 31. a 2 - 24a + 23 = 0 a = l (rejected) since a = 23; .'. p =11 a = 35 fro
m (4) b = a 2 p = 529 x - l l b =-5819 => a - b = 35-(-5819) = 5854 Ans.] Let th
e numbers be G.P. A - D , A, A + D, ^ D ) 1 A . (a) (b) (c) , (d) Given d - a =
30 => => - ( A - D ) = 30 D2 + 3AD = 30 A D2 = 3A(10-D) => (A + D)2 - A(A-D) = 3
0A D2 A ~ 3(10-D) '" (1) since A' is a + ve integer 0 < D < 10 ....(2) Also since
'3 ' is prime and A is an integer D2 must be divisible 3 ;=> D must beoftheform
of3K possible values of D are 3,6,9 D = 3 => 3 A = - (rejected) D = 6 => A = 3 (
rejected) D = 9 => A = 27 Numbers are 18,27,36.48 Ans. 32. ] Total number of way
s in which P and Q can be chosen simultaneously = (25-l)(25-l ) = 45 - 26 + 1 nu
mber of ways when P and Q have no common element = 5C,(24 - 1) + 5C2 (23 - 1) +
5C3(22 - 1) + 5C4(2' - 1) + 5C5(2 - 1) = 5Cj 24 + 5C2 23 + 5C3 22 + 5C4 2 + 5C5 (5C, + 5C2 + 5C3 + 5C4 + 5C5) = (5C0 25 + 5C, 24 + 5C2 23 + 5 C3 22 + 5C4 2 + 5
C5 - 25) - (25 - 1) = (35 - 25) - (25 - 1) = 35-2fi+ 1 Hence P and Q have atleas
t one common element = (45 - 26 + 1) - (35 - 26 + 1) = 45 - 35 Ans. ] fa B ansaI
Classes Determinant & Matrices [21]
33. 3m2 + 1 Slope of the normal m = Yl 4m 2 ' 2x, 5m2 -2m 3 + 1 equation of the
norm al in terms of slope of the normal is y = mx + 4 m2 3 2 It passes through (
7/2, 9/2) => 12 m - 13 m + 1 = 0 sum = 13/12. Also (m - 1) (3m - 1) (4m + 1) = 0
=> m x = 1 ; m2 = 1/3 ; m3 = -1/4 => the normals are x - y + 1 = 0 ; x - 3y + 1
0 = 0 & 2x + 8y - 43 = 0 Point A(0,1); B ( - 1 ; 3 ) ; C (5/2,19/4)] x = i1 m-1
2m 34. Equation of normal, Y-y = 1 m (X-x) x + m1 y m Y=0 gives X = x + my and H
ence x + x + my 2 X = 0 gives Y= x2 + = -=0 =>2x + y-^-=0 dx dy C ; passes throu
gh (1,4): C-9 1 *2 y2 1 focii are (0, 3) & (0, - 3) conic is + =1 with e 9 18 V2
Equation of t he circles are; (x - 1 )2 + (y - 4)2 + A (x + 2 y - 9) = 0 where
x + 2 y - 9 = 0 is the tangent to the ellipse at (1,4)] Equation to the hyperbol
a where S = (0,0); directrix is x + y + 1 = 0 and e = J 2 is x + y + lN V2 2 2 x
+ y = (x + y + l) 2 2xy + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 Let the combi ned equation of the asy
mptotes is 2xy + 2x + 2y + c = 0 put D = 0 to get c = 2 h ence combined equation
of the asymptotes are xy + x + y+ l = 0 ^ 7 = ^2' (x+l)(y +l) = 0 36. => x + 1
= 0 and y + 1 = 0 ] cotC) / Note that2pQ = CQ -sin A)22 + (cot C - cos B)2 denot
es the square of the distanc e PQ now d (tan ( - OP) Q(tanC, d2PQ yj (tan2 C + c
ot2 C) - 1 I ^-^(sinA, cosB) d2pQ= [ V ( t o C - c o t C ) 2 + 2 - l d2 =>
min= (V2-1)2 ^ 3 - 2V2 a = 3; b = 2 => a3 + b3 = 27 - 8 = 19 Ans. ] fa B ansaICl

asses Determinant & Matrices [22]
37. i-Jo x 2 + ^ - + (a2 - 2 ) x x z dx - J - x4+kx2+l dx x 2 dx I-x 4 + (a2 -2)

x 2 +1 (a2 - 2 = k > 0) 4 1 co f (x 2 +l) + ( x 2 - l ) dx 1 21 x4+kx2+l 2 q x +
(l/x ) + k 0 2 q^x 2 + (l/x 2 ) + k now proceed, I,1 = and L = 0 1 2a 1= 71 71
2a 7 1 2a 5050 a = 2525 Ans. ] 38. Let G=- +x 4 o (-4x) tan ^ 71 +.X d0 = dx ^ or
46 = n + 4x 7i - 49 = - 4x x(l + tan x) , dx = - 4 f ^ " . d x M -J/2 1 - 1 + t
a n x -V2 1-tanl x + 1 - tan x U 4 0 f x(l + tanx) ( 1 - t a n x ) ^ tan: -Ti/2 1
~ t a n x (-2) tan x 2 fî^ldx=9 f + x dx j L tan x J V tan x -t/2 -ji/2 o X -dx
I - x l + jJ Tij 2 ' */2 t a n X 71/2 2 /
X \ x I= n f +2 -dt 4 J 0 tant n/2 x =t n/2 now k/2 1 = f t cott.dt = t/nsint n/2

0 oi n I,1 = 0 + - In 2 2 71 J/n sin t dt o Hence 2 - - J / n 2 - = 7 i / n 2 2 4 4 => k = 2, w = 4 kw = 8 Ans. ] fa B ansa I Classes Determinant & Matrices
[23]
39. g(l) = 5and j g(t)dt = 2 o X X X 2f(x)= J (x - 2xt +1 ) g(t) dt = x Jg(t)dt2xJ" tg(t)dt+ Jt 2 g(t)dt 2 2 2 0 x 0 0 0 Differentiating X 2 f'(x) = x2 g(x) +
Jg(t)dt-2x - 2 x / g(x) + Jtg(t)dt A + x2g(x) 2 f'(x) = 2x Jg(t)dt- 2 Jt g(t) dt
0 0 x x f" (x) = xg(x)+ Jg(t)dt-xg(x)= Jg(t)dt hence f " ( l ) = jg(t)dt = 2 o
also f"'(x) = g(x) f"' (1) = g (1) = 5 f ' " ( l ) - f " ( l ) = 5 - 2 = 3 Ans.]
x 40. g (x) = e~ Jf (t)dt in [0,1 ] o obvious continuous and derivable g(0) = 0
and g( l) = 0 (given) hence 3 some c e (0, 1) such that g' (c) = 0 x Consider a
function x now g' (x) = e~ f (x) - e c x _x Jf(t)dt o c g'(c) = e - f ( c ) - e
^ Jf(t)dt =0 41. Jf(t)dt =f(c)] Consider f (x) = x 3 - ax + b f'(x) = 3 x 2 - a
if a < 0 then f' (a) > 0 for all x hence f is strictly increasing hence f (x) =
0 has exactly one root for a = 3
f'(x) = 3 x 2 - 3 = 0 x = 1 or - 1 in order that f (x) may have 3 roots f(Xj) f

(x 2 )<0 where Xj and and the roots of f' (x) = 0 hence (1 - a + b)(- 1 + a + b)
< 0 put a = 3 (b - 2)(b + 2) < 0 or - 2<b<2 ] Problems for JEE-2007 [24] ^Bansa
l Classes
42. Let m gms of salt is present at time t differential equation of the process
is d m T dm "dT I.F = e = 10 / m(l) 50+ t 1 m = 10; v 50 + t dt 50+1 = 50 +1; m(
50 + t)= f(50 + t)dt = 10 J (50+ty + 2 +C m(50 +1) = 5(50 +1)2 + C; t = 0; m = 0
, C = -5.(50) 2 m(50 +1) = 5(50 +1)2 - 5 ( 50)2 2 5(50y m = 5(50 +1) 50 + t m(t=
10) = 5 - 6 0 5(50^ 60 6 25x11 2 m= = 91-=50 43. 250 11 = 50 60 A : red ball is
selected Bj : Face card is drawn B 2 : ace card is drawn B 3 : n either face no
r ace is drawn 12 3 12 B2 A^JJJ / 4 8 36 10 107 Bi iff 83 P(B,/A) = 44. 52 12 15
6 9 Ans, ] 107 ~ 107 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9 x + y = 45 ; x - y = l l = > x = 28
; y = 17 Now to reali se a sum 17 using 4 digits we can have different cases, 9
4 3 1 9 5 2 1 If we us efivedigits then
8 8 5 3 1 8 4 3 2 6 2 1 7 6 3 1 ; 7 5 4 1 7 5 3 2 ; 6 5 4 2] (9 cases) 7,1,2,3,4
6,5,3,2,1 4!x 5 !x 9 + 5!x4!x2 Hence p = 9! [ odd in favour 11 :115] A ={1801,
1802, ,1899, 1900} B = {1901, 1902, ,1999, 2000} 24 leap year B 76 ordi nary (2
cases) 11 x 5 ! x 4 ! 9! U_ 126 45. 25 leap year 75 ordinary [25] fa B ansaIClas
ses Determinant & Matrices
E: randomly chosen year has 53 sundays P (E) = P (E n L) + P (E n O) = P (L). P(

E/L) + P (O). P(E/0) 24 2 76 1 100 7 100 7 249 Ans.l 1400 46. + 1 25 2-+ 75 1 2
100 7 100 7 P(E) = 1 - P (value of 5 coins is more than or equal to Rs. 1.50) =
1 - P(A A B B B or A A B B C or A B B B B ) ] 6 on bush-I & 4 on bush-II AB X(BC
x Box A A ( 5 0 P) B B B B (25 P) CCC DD N coins (10P+5P) 47 48. BE>) = 0 ;(AB X
Be) XBD = 0 ;(AB X BE)) xBC = 0 ; Note that AB ;BC ;BD are mutually perpendicul
ar E BC x BD is collinear with AB a nd so on > 1 r -> - - 1 220 Volume = - AB, BC,
BD = cu. units 6 J Vector area of triangle AEF = AF x AE = ~ BC x BD = - 3 i +
lOj + k ] 49. Equati on ofthe line passing through (1,4,3) x1 y-4 z-3 x+2 y-4 z+1
- 2 x1 y+3 z-2 since (1) is perpendicular to r~ = : - and 7 1 hence 2a + b + 4c = 0
and 3a + 2b - 2c = 0 2-8 12 + 4 4-3 -10 16 1
x 1 y-4 z-3 hence the equation of the lines is = = ....(2) Ans. 10 16 1 now any po
on (2) can be taken as 1-10X ; 16X + 4 ; >. + 3 distance of P from Q (1,4,3) (10
X)2 + (16^.)2 + X2 = 357 (100 + 256+l)X 2 = 357 X=l or - 1 Hence Q is (-9, 20 ,
4) or (11,-12, 2) 50. Equation of the line through (0,1,2) x-0 y-1 z-2 z-0 =t An
s.] now given line x 1 y-1 ....(2) feBansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007
[26]
(2) is along the vector V = i - j + 2k a - b + 2c = 0 ....(3) since (1) and (2)

intersect; hence must be coplanar hence 1 0 - 2 a b c 1 -1 2 =0 ....(4) a : b :
c = - 3 : 1:2 y-1 -3 z-2 : 2a + 4b + c = 0 solving (3) and (4), required equatio
n is 51. Since r,r2 = 2, t Ans. ] x2 + px + 2. = 0<T and ^ r => r r t 2r3r4 = 8
=> r 3r4 x4 - x3 + ax2 - 8x - 8 = (x2 + px + 2)(x2 + qx - 4) compare coefficient
of x3 an d x => p+q=-1 (1) and 2 q - 4 p = - 8 => q - 2 p = - 4 ....(2) => p =
1 and q = - 2 on comparing coefficient of x2; a = - 4 p = l => x2 + x + 2 = 0 ru
2 = X -liV7 a X X _ Ans. ] X = y a X X X X a X X X
52. a X a y y a a y y a a y = [x (xy - ax) - a(y2 - a2) + x (xy - ax) ]2 = [2x2

(y - a) - a (y - a) (y + a) ]2 = (y - a)2 [2x2 - a(y + a)]2 Hence D = (y2 + a2 2ay) (2x2 - ay - a2)2 ] 53. Let [2 2 1 f 2 1 1 1 1 2 2a, a a i a2 _a3 _ a, J a
a _ 10 13 9 "10" 13 9 2a, 2a, _ai i.e. a 3 = i = 2 a3_ 1 ; a2 = 3 ; a3 = 5 Deter
minant & Matrices [27] fa B ansa I Classes
1 2 2 2 1 -1 X 2] i 3 X2 3 _X3 . 2X2 2X2 ~ X x [l] 3 5 [l] 3 5 2x, X I 2X3 3X3 3

X3_ = I 2 i.e. x, = 1 ; x, = - 1 ; x. = 1 Ans. ] 54. TPT a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c 9 + +
> b+c c+a a+b 2 M 3 Consider AM between the numbers x,, x2, x3 1 1 1 +. b+c c+a
a+b now HM between the numbers Xj, x2, x3 . + _ ....(1) a +b +c b+c a+b+c AM >
HM a+b+c 3 c+a a+b+c 1 b+c 1 c+a a+b a+b+c 1 3 > a+b ~ 2 3(a + b + c) _ 3 2(a +
b + c) 2 +
+ (a + b + c) 55. 1 b+c - + 1 c+a + 1 a+b Hence proved ] Letx = rcos0 and y = rs

in9 r2 = x2 + y2; tan 0 = x N: y 0 e (0, n/2) r 2 [cos2 0 + sin 0 cos 0 + 4 sin2
0] (1 + cos 20) + sin 20 + 4(1 - cos 20) 5 + sin 20 + 3 cos 20 Nmax = " 7 = = (
s + VTo) = M 15 " ' N A= 56. = (5 - VlO) = 5 + VTO 15 M + m _ 2vK ) _ 2 "15-2-3 m
2007 x - = 1338 Ans.] Transposing 2 on RHS using 2 cos A cos B relation, B+C BC A +C S O -sinCOS" cos cos B-C cos B+C fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices
[28]
or cos sin + cos-y cos B-C . A B-C sincos+ sinz 2 2 1=0 B+C . A = sin) ( cos; 2 2 BC A . A A . A A coscos sin + cos sin -cos z = 0 2 2 2 2 2 A . A B-C coscos sin COS"
2 2 cos A 2 cos A 2 A 2 . A sin 2 . A sin 2 cos B-C ' 2 COS r if A A cos - sin =0 2
2 COS" - c o s y A tan = 1 2 A = 90 B-C A B = 90 57. B- C =A => B=C+A B - C = - A
=> B + A = C = 90 hence triangle must berightangled. OAMB is a cyclic quadrilater
al using sine law in A OBM and A OAM x sin 90 and d sin 90 r^ w sin(6O-0) y sin ...
.(2) d) B/> 'P (l)and (2) x y 2x
sin(6O-0) V3 2 : sin sine 1 2 y / /Pf d ^ X sin(60 - 6) sin + 1 = V3cot6 )60-e 2x +

y V3y y from (2) d = y cosec 6 2 2 cote d = y (l + cot 6) ,, 3y + 4x + y +4xy d
z = 3 2 d =y 2 2 1+ (2x+_y) 2\ 3y 2 d2 = y:, , (2*+yr ,2 ,, 4x +4y +4xy dz = 3 d
= ^ V x 2 + y 2 + xy Ans. ] fa B ansaIClasses Determinant & Matrices [29]
58. Let G be the centroid : AD = x ; BE = y 2x x 2y y AG = ; GD = ; BG = ; GE =

ir 3 3 3 3 4x z yz 9 , , , , , + = - or 16x2 + 4y2 = 81 In AAGE : 9 9 4 2 ..(1) .
(ii) .. x.2 4v 2 In ABGD : + = 4 or 9 9 x2 + 4y2 = 36 '2 D (i)-(ii) , 15x2 = 45 I
n AADC, cosC = 9+4-3 2(2)(3) or 5 6 9+16-c 2(4)(3) 20 = 25 - c2 c = V5 1 1 5 A=absinC=-(3)(4) J1=VlT sq. units ] v6y 59. From triangle inequality log1 012 + lo
g1075>logI0n log]0900>log10n => also log1012 + log10n>log1075 log1012n>l og1075
12n> 75 n> 75 12 6.25 n < 900 ....(1) or n> 25 0 60. 900 Hence no. of values = 9
00 - 7 = 893 Ans. ] x + 2y= 10 where x is the number of t imes he takes single s
teps and y is the number of times he takes two steps Cases Total number of ways
I: x = 0 and y = 5 II: x = 2 and y = 4 III: x = 4 and y = 3 IV: x = 6 and y = 2
5! = 1 (22222) 5! 6! 2!-4! 7! - ^ J j =35 (1 1 1 1 222) ^ 8! 2 8 (1 1 1 1 1 1 22
) = 15 (1 1 2 2 2 2 ) 9 V: x = 8 and y = 1 Ct = 9 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 ) VI: x= 1
0andy = 0 1(1111111111 ) hence total number of ways = 1 + 15 + 35 + 28 + 9 +1 =
89 Ans. ] fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [30]
61. -e re 1= J b x/a _eb/x a V , dx dx = a dt let x = at => at V-ea/t 1= J T put

t= a J dt ....(1) , dt = - r dy a (where b/a = a) y => y 1 f(ey -e a/ - v )dy a
y from(1)and(2) or I= f (e l -e a / t )dt ~ i 1 = 0 Ans.] ....(2)
21 = 0 => 1 3; 62. => f(3) 23k +9 J ^ j = 2^+9 = /(9) ~/(3) = ^ + 9) ~(23k + 9)

= ^~23k "" ( 1 ) 3(23k + 9) = 26k + 9 26k-3(23k)-18 = 0 23k = y y2 - 3y - 18 = 0
(y-6)(y + 3) = 0 y = 6; y = - 3 (rejected) 2 3k = 6 now f (9) - f (3) = 29k - 2
3k = (2 ) - 2 3k 3 3k { from (1)} = 63 - 6 = 2 1 0 hence N = 210 = 2 3 5 7 Total
number of divisor = 2 2 2 2 = 16 number of divisor s which are composite = 16 (1,2,3,5,7) = 11 Ans. ] 63. Radius of the circle is 1 B tU1 A _ _L _ T ~ PB ~ s(
s-b) A |||ly PC = (s - c) (PB)(PC) = (s - b)(s - c) = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) s(s-a) Pr
oblems for JE E-2007 [31] fe Ban sal Classes
A'A s(s-a) r (s-a) r = = 1 => s = A A _ A (s-a) A-a 3a J 3a 2 a I 2 64. 3 = 3 Ans

. ] 3-2 5x + 3x> 8 => x>l 5x + 8 > 3x => x>-4 and 3x + 8 > 5x => x<4 Hence, x e
( l , 4 ) . Now perimeter of the triangle = 8(x + 1) s = 4x + 4 2 A ( X ) = ( 4(
x + 4)(4 - x)(4x - 4)(x + 4)) = - 16(x 2 - l)(x 2 - 16) A2(t) = -16(t - l)(t -16
), where x2 = t, t e (1,16) A2 (t) = - 16[t2 - 17t + 16] = f (t) f'(t) = 0 A 2 (
t) = => 17 - 1 6 t: 1 17 2 17 V 16 = 1 6 x y x Y = (2 X 15)2 15 15 (Area)max = 30
sq. units ] 65. From the identity .A B . C r=4R sin - sin- - sin 2 2 2 or let A B
C 4(V3+l) r-sin -sm - sin or 2 2 2 ZA>ZB ZA - ZC = 30 V3-1 4 V3-1 cos A-C cos A+ C
B sinA C . B sinsin sin 2 2 2 then V6+V2 4 . B B sm sm 2 2 x V6+V2 X + Let B siny =x
yields V3-1 = 0, whose solutions are x =
V6-V2 V2 B B and x = . It follows that = 15 or = 45. The second solution is not ac

ceptable, because A > B. Hence B = 30, A = 90 and C = 60 ] Bansal Classes Problems
for JEE-2007 [32]
66. y = ax2 dy dt , = 2ax0 = m hence line is y = (2ax0)x - b d) T(x0, ax 0 2 ) (x

0' a xo ) lies on parabola and the line (1) 0, 0 9 0 axQ = 2ax 0 - b b = ax 2 .
Hence Q = (0, - b) = (0, - ax 2 ) now using (TQ)2 = 1 x2 + 4a2 Xq = 1 2 = 4x4 (2)
now u ax 3 A = J(ax2 - m x + b)dx = 3 axQ mx2 + bx axn 3 mx 5. + bxo 2 = - - ax^ +
ax = ^ o o 3 3 , a 2 ,x6 3 3 ax3 f1 V 2^ ) A 2 4x 4 36 let _ A2 = f (x0) = 36
This is maximum when x^ = A l max i7 ' 2 36 1 144' Amax = |2 = 12 Ans. ] ? 67. (i)
Equation of tangentfrompoint (3,-3) to the given circle is y + 3 = m(x - 3) mx
3 m - y - 3 = 0 Problems for JEE-2007 [33] fe Ban sal Classes
and also => -4m-3m+ 2-3 vr+m 2 =5 (1 + 7m)2 = 25(1 +m 2 ) => 1 + 49m2 + 14m = 25
+ 25m2 => 12m2 + 7 m - 1 2 = 0 (4 m - 3)(3m + 4) = 0 m = 3/4 or m = -4/3 equati
on of tangent at point A and B are 4 y+3=--(x-3) and 3 y+3= -(x-3) 4y+12 = 3 x 9 3x-4y = 21 4 y + 2 = - - ( x + 4 ) 3y + 6 = - 4 x - 1 6 4(4x + 3}= - 22) 16x+
12y = 88 9 x - 12y = 63 y: (ii) 3y + 9 = - 4 x + 1 2 4x + 3y = 3 Equation of no
rmals to these 2 tangents are 3 y + 2 = - ( x + 4) 4y + 8 = 3x + 12 3(3x-4y+ 4 =
0) 9 x - 12y = - 12 16x + 12y = 12 x = 0; /. y= 1 and 25x = - 2 5 x = - 1; poin
ts A and B are (0, 1) and (-1,-6) Ans. (iii) angle betw een the 2 tangents = 90 Z
ADB = 90 I AD |max = CD + radius CD = V50 !AD|max=5V2 +5 (iv) IAD | min = 5V2 " 5
Area of quadrilateral ADBC = AC x AD A D = V 7 2 + l 2 - 2 5 =V25 =5 area of qu
adrilateral ABCD = 5 x 5 = 25 sq. units. 1 area of trian gle DAB = x 25 =12.5 sq
. units. (iv) Circle circumscribing A DAB will have point s A and B as its diame
trical extremities x2 + y2 x(1) y(5) 6 = 0 x2 + y2 + x + 5y - 6 = 0 Ans. x-interce
pt = 2-yJg2 - c = 2 ^(1/4) + 6 = 5 y-intercept = 2-s/f 2 c = Ans. 2 -7(25/4)+ 6
= 7 Ans. ] fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [34]
68. Let, f (x) = x2 X + (x +1 )2X2 + J + (x + 6)2x7 [if x = 1, we get 1st relati

on, and so on] note that degree of f (x) is 2 hence f (x) = ax2 + bx + c where f
(1) = 1, f (2) = 12 and f (3) = 123 to find f (4) = ? hence a + b + c = 1 4a +
2b + c = 12 9a + 3b + c= 123 solving a = 50, b = - 139, c = 90 f(4) = 16a + 4b +
c = 800-556 + 90 = 334 Ans. ] Suppose, circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Solvi
ng w ith x = at 2 , y = 2at a + 4a2t2 + 2gat2 + 4aft + c = 0 0 ....(1) t l + t 2
+ t3 + t 4 3 N : y + tx = 2at + at passing through (h, k) at3 + t(2a - h) - k =
0 .. ..(2) t, +12 +13 = 0 ....(3) from (1) and (3) t4 = 0 hence circle passes t
hrough the origin = > c = 0 = equation of the circle after cancelling -at at3 +
4at + 2gt + 4f =0 at3 + 2(2a + g)t + 4f = 0 ....(3) Now (2) and (3) must be repr
esent the same equation 2(2a + g) = 2a - h => 2g = - (2a + h) 4 f = - k => 2f =
- k / 2 and equation of circle is x2 + y2 - (2a + h)x - (k/2)y = 0 x2 + y2 - 17x
- 6y = 0 Ans. Centroid of APQR X 69. a(tf + t 2 + t | ) 2a (t[ +t 2 +t 3 ) a =
T [(tl+t2 + t 3 ) 2 - 2 X t l t 2 ] 2a 26 Z4!12 = ( 2 a - h ) 2a a '3 (2a-h) (a
= 1 ; h = 15) 26 n C: I y.0 70. 1 Area = - ab ; also a2 + b2 = 3600 AD:y=x+3 sol
ve to get G = (-1,2) BE : y = 2x + 4 acute angle a between the medians is given
by tan a i~m2 l + m,m-, m 2 - 1 _ ]_ 1+2 ~ 3 tan a = ~ ^ Bansal Classes Problems
for JEE-2007 [35]
In quadrilateral GDCE, we have (180 - a) + 90 + 0 + p = 360 => a = 0 + p - 90 cota

= -tan(0 + P) tan 0 + tan p 1 - tan 0 tan p 9ab = 2 x 3600 Area = 400 sq. units
] 71. 2b 2a _a b_ j_2b.2a a ' b + or -3 9= 2(a +b ) ab 1 - a b =400 W2: C2 = (5,
12) W,: Cj = (-5,12) r2 = 4 r, = 16 now, CC2 = r + 4 CCj = 16 - r l et C(h, k)
= c(h, ah) CC, 2 = (16 - r)2 (h + 5)2 + (12- ah)2 = (16 - r ) 2 CC22 = (4 + r)2
=> (h - 5)2 + (12 - ah)2 = (4 + r)2 By subtraction 20h = 240 - 40r => h'= 12-2r
- => 12r = 72-6h ...(1) By addition 2[h2 + 25 + a2h2 - 24ah + 144] = 272 - 24r +
2r2 h (l + a ) - 24ah + 169 = 136 - 12r + r = 136 + (6h- 72) + => => 2 2 2 \2 1
2 h [using (1)] 4[h2(l + a2) - 24ah + 169] = 4[64 + - 96ah + 105 4 - 36 4 = 0 h2
(3 0 2 2 (96a) - 4 4 69 (3 + 4a ) > a- > 0 ' ; hence m (smallest) = 100' 2 4 So,
p + q = 169 Ans. ] 72. n 1 = 3 [(1-sinx) sec xdx = 3 J(l-2sinx + sin2 x)sec4 xd
x 5n/6 5JC/6 Jsec2 x(l + tanz x)dx - 2 jsec x tan x - sec2 x dx + jsec2 x(tanz x
)dx 5n/6 5n/6 5n/6 =3 n '( j((l + 2tan 2 x)sec2 x)dx-2 j(secxtanxsec 2 x)dx 571/
6 \ 5U/6 fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [36] 6h] + (12 - h)2 = 256 + 1
44 + h2 h2(3 + 4a2) + 4a2) - 96ah + 69 4 = 0; for 'h' to be real D > > 0 576a 2
-69.3 -276a 2 >0 o 69 13 300a2 >207 = 10 10 m2 = 69
=3 o -1 j"(l + 2t 2 )dt-2 j ? d t - 1/V3 -2/V3 (0)1 a/3 1 IV3 + V 3 J-1/V3 --(t3

)"1 3 " >-1IS =3 2 1 3 3V3 '.JL^ V 3V3j 11 9a/3 11 + 6V3-16 2 3V3-8 =3 9V3 3 3V3
a = 2, b = 5, c = 9 =>a + b + c + abc= 106 Ans.] 9V3 } + 3 3^3 bV3 6V3-5 _ 3V3
1 73. dx 5V3 0 Vl + X + Vl-X +2 put x = cos20 1= 2 dx = - 2 sin 20 d0 T /4 T = a
2 Jt/4 j sin 26 d6 j V2 cos 6 + V2 sin 0 + 2 J 0 cos0 + sin0 +V2 7c/4 sin 20 d0
tc/4 J J 0 sin 20 d0 ^CQS V4 y + V2 71/4 1= sin 20 d0 v4 + V4 1 71/4
0 cos TT/ 4 j COS0 + Q ^ j Q 111 71/4 l-2sin 2 0 d0 JQ 1 + COS0 n/4 r 1 2 = J(1Cs8>de n_ m 1 9 = J ' sin" 0 ' ~ 2 l(1-cos9>de jt/4 7/4 1 it/4 = {(cosec2 0 - c o
t 0 cosec 0)d0 - 2 J(l-cos0)d0 = - cot 0 + co sec 0 2[0 sin 0 ] | n ^ 1-COS0 =
til - l ) - Lim Q->o eos0 2^2-17t n 4 1_ = ( V 2 - l ) - - + V2 V2 ' 1 a = 8, b
= l , c = 4 => a2 + b2 + c2 = 81 Ans. ] 74. x g (f(x))f'(g(x))g'(x) = f(g(x))g'(
f(x))f'(x) x g ( / ( * ) ) f(g(x)) = f ( g ( x ) ) g ( / ( x ) ) a*o0) /fe(*)> g(/
(x)) *(/"(*)) x ^Bansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [37]
x-A/ dx n (/( a g (x))) = /n(g(/(x))) dx ...(1) -2a l n o w ,, j/(g(x))dx = 0 a))

=e-2a d i f f e r e n t i a t e w.r.t. 'a' f{g( /fe(x))=e-2x /n/(g(x))=-2x ....(
2) f r o m (1) and (2) w e get -2x=f-(/ng(/(x))) dx put x = 0, C = 0 In ( g ( /
( x ) ) ) = - x 2 + C g(/(x))= 75. Let f(x) = y dy dx I.F. e 5 Hence g ( / ( 4 )
) = e~ 1 6 k = 16 A n s . ] + y = 4xe sin 2 x (linear d i f f e r e n i a l e q
u a t i o n ) yex = 4 | x s i n 2 x dx I yex = 4 x I T cos2x + Jcos 2x dx yex =
4 x xcos2x + sin2x 2 => 4 C = 0 ye = (sin 2x - 2 x cos 2x) + C f(0) = 0 x
y = e~ (sin 2 x - 2 x cos 2 x ) now f ( k u ) = e~k7C ( s i n 2k7t - 2k7t c o s

2 k r t ) = e""k7t ( 0 - 2k7i) f ( k u ) = - 271 ( k e _ k 7 t ) J]f(k7t) =-'271
jTke" kn k=l = 1 S e-* -3 1 + 2e~ 2 7 t + 3e~ 3 7 t3 + . +e ,-2n + oo + oo + 2e
~ 371 + S ( 1 - e _7C ) = e~ n + e ~ 2 n + e ~ 3 n + S ( 1 - e" 71 ) 1-e"* oo 1
e71-! 1 S (e 71 - l ) ( l - e _ 7 t ) (e71-!)2 -2nan (e 71 - l ) 2 Ans. ] fe Ban
sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [38]
76. f ' ( x ) = Limit f(x + h ) - f ( x ) hô h f(x) Limit h->0 f(x + h) f(x). '
= f (x)- Limit h-0 x + h^ _ i VX -1 f(X)T . . f(l + t ) - l xj = Limit -i '- h x
t->0 t x x Now putting x = 1, y = 1 in functional rule : f(x) Limit I h->0 J 1+
f f(l) f(x) f'(x)= -f'(l) x 2f(x) = x f(x) _ 2 f(x) ~ X /n (f(x)) = 2/nx + C x =
1; f(l) = 0 => C = 0 Now solving y = x2 and x2 + y2 = 2 y2 + y - 2 = 0 (y + 2) (
y - 1 ) - o y=l A= 2j(V2r7-Vy)dy - |V y dy ; f(x) = x2 = 2 i 2 d 2 = now JVy y =
-y^ n 3 3 i y 2 ^ 7 dy y=V2sin0 0 x/4 JV2 cos Q-Jl cos 0d9 n/4 jr/4 2 J2 cos 9
de = J(1 + cos29) d0 7 1 1 4 2 + 9 + sin 28 2 Hence feBansal Classes A=2 4 I_2 2
~3 fn 1 A = + U " J , sq. units ] [39] Problems for JEE-2007
77. Z +Z 10 10 slO 1 13 =0 Zy NIO '.3-2 V = - 1 = cos Tt + i sin Tt (cos(2m +1)7

1 + i sin 2mTt + 7t)1,/10 ,(2M+L)7T 13 J_ Z =e J_ Z 13- e 10 .(2M+L)FL 10 substi
tuting m = 0,1,2, 1 . Tt 9 we get = 13- e 10 ,3rc = 1 3 - e ' 10 1 F 3= /,3Jt ,
10 r- note and are complex conjugate ^10 1 3 J io = 13- e 1 a i ! 10 Let J_ and v
J io .T C and so on . TI 1 10 10 169-13 [e 'To + e 'To ] + 1 ab. 1 1
3+TT _ 3+7T : 169-13 [e 10 +e 10

3JI 170-26 Ree' 10 etc Tt 3ti 5n
s 10 10 10 10 10 850 - 26[cosl8
al Classes Problems for JEE-2007
] +1 = 170-26 Ree a.b. 1 1 and a2b2 aibj : 10 ,

3u 9Tt 1 C S + C S + COS - O O 850 - 26 cos + co
+ cos54 + cos90 + cos 126 + cos 162] 850 Ans. ] ^Bans
[40]
78.(i) now put a n + bn + cn = C0 + C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 + + C a (1 + x) = c0 + Cj

x + c2 x2 + c3 x3 + n n + bn n= 2 " --(I) X=C O (1 + co)n = c0 + Cj CO + c2 CO +
c3 OD + c4 CO + 2 3 4 llliy (1 + co)n = an + cobn + co2cn (1 + co2)n = an + co2
bn + cocn a = (C 0 + c 3 + c 6 + ) + co(C, + c 4 + c 7 + ) + CO2(C2 + c 5 + c 8
+ ....(2) ....(3) + b n + b n + Cn 3a b C n n n = (an n n + C n)
K + bn + 2 c n ) (an + 2bn + Cn) now = 2 (l + co) (1 + co2)n = 2 n (- co2)n (- co)n

= 2n X (an - bn )2 = 2(an + cobn + co2cn) (an + co2bn + cocn) n also 78.(ii) Le
t and Z ( a n - b n ) 2 = 2 Ans. x Cq C2 + C4- C6 + y i c, + c, - c77 + 1 j 5 3
(1 + if = c0 + C, / + c2 i + c3 / e quating the real and imaginary part = c x +
c4 /4 + n + y n = 0 + 0" n n/2 | xn + iyn | = | 1 + i | = 2 ^ I = hence proved ] 1 1 -1 3 5 -3 -5 3 5 =A oo -1 1 -1 3 5 -3 -5 3 5 ; hence x 2 + y 2 = 2 n 79. -1
A = 1 -1 2 3 5 -3 -5 3 5 A = > matrix A is idempotent 5 Hence A 2 =A 3 =A 4 = x
= 2, 3,4, 5, now Lim f l x J 3 + 1 X=2 x - l n >o o .3 x=2 =2 X +X +1 3 1_ \3 7 1
3 21 9 \ n -n +1 n +n + l ] r3 4 5 Lim n->co 1 2 3' Lim Given log => log n(n +1)
1-2 n(n + l) ' (n-1) 3 n + n +1 2 n->oo
Ans. 80. a + c^ + log a j ''a + c^ = log2 log 2 fe Ban sal Classes Problems for
JEE-2007 [41]
=> also a + c = 2b (1) a - ax2 + 2bx + c + cx2 = 0 (c - a)x2 + 2bx + (c + a) = 0

has equ al roots D=0 4b2 - 4(c2 - a2) = 0 b2 = c2 - a2 ....(2) b2 = (c - a)(c +
a) from (1) and (2) b2 = (c - a) 2b 2(c - a) = b ....(3) 2 triangle is a right
at C. fro m (2) c a + b2 => Z C = 90 A + B = 90 from (3) using sine law 2(sin C sin A) = s in B C = 90 sin C = 1 A + B = 90 => B = 90 - A 2(1 - sin A) = sin(90 - A
) = cos A s quaring both sides => 4( 1 - sin A)2 = cos2 A=(1 - sin2A) 4(1 - sinA
) = (1 + sin A) 3 = 5 sinA sin A=3/5 B = 90 - A sinB = cos A = 4/5 and sin C = 1
12 3 4 sinA+sinB + sinC= + + 1 : Ans. ] 81. n=0 sin(nx) -jn sin (nx) = emx put
_ glllX 2i I n=0 sin(nx) 1 00 n;x e 2l n=0 -e 3n n;x J_ 2i \ n n=0V I - I n=0\ _1_
2i 1 _3 3 - eix 3 3 - e~ix 2/ sin x 3 3 "(3--e~ i x )-(3-e i x )~ ix ix 2i 9--3(
e +e~ ) + l ~ 2i 10-6cosx 3 sin x 2(5-3 cosx)
= 1 2(5-3^/1-(1/9)) = 1 2(5-2V2) [42] fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007
= 5+2V2 34 a + b + c = 5 + 2 + 37 = 41 Ans.] => 82. log b = a = 5, b = 2 , c = 3

7 logb log a (let b = 2m and a = 2" where m and n denotes the exponents on the b
as e 2 in the given set) m n hence logab is an integer only if n divides m now t
ota l number of ways m and n can be chosen = 25 x 24 = 600 For favourable cases
let n=1 hence m can take values 2,3,4,5,6, ,24 if n=2 m = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,14, 16
, 18 , 20, 22, 24 n=3 m = 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,21,24 n=4 m = 8, 12, 16,20,24 n=5 m =
10, 15,20, 25 n=6 m = 12, 18, 24 n=7 m =14,21 n=8 m = 16, 24 m = 1 for each n =
9,10 , 11, 12 = 24 = 11 = 7 = 5 = 4 = 3 = 2 = 2 = 4 62 Hence P : 62 600 31 Ans.
] 300 Select the correct alternative. (Only one is correct): Q.83 A [Sol. There
are 4C 2 = 6 ways a block can differ from the given block in exactly two ways (
1) mater ial and size, (2) material and colour, (3) material and shape, (4) size
and colo ur, (5) size and shape, and (6) colour and shape. Since there is only
1 choicefo rdifferent material, 2 choices for different size, 3 choices for a di
fferent col our, and 3 choices for a different shape, it follows that the number
of blocks i n each of the above categories is (1 x 2), (1 x 3), (l x 3), (2 x 3
), (2 x 3) an d (3 x 3), respectively. The answer is the sum of these six number
s = 29 Ans ] Q .84 [Sol. Q.85 [Sol. C Consider the expansion of (1 + x)99 and pu
t x = i and equ ate the real part to get C] B f (x) = | Ax + c | + d g (x) = -1
Ax + u | + v (-u/A, v) \ 0 , D ( M K j / d - / - - ^ ( - c / A d) -c/A -u/A figu
re is parallelogram and diagonals bisect each other fe Ban sal Classes Problems
for JEE-2007 [43]
u\ + A Q.86 [Sol. ( V c A u+c = 3 + 1; = - 4 Ans. ] D f (x) = x4 - 2x3 + 3x2 - 4

x + 1 = 0 f 1 (x) = 4x3 - 6x2 + 6x - 4x + 1 = 2(x l)(2x2 - x + l ) f' (x) = 0 on
ly at x = 1 also f"(x) = 12x 2 - 12x + 6 = 6(2x 2 -2x + 1)>0 => / i s concave up
f" (1) > 0 => x = l is minima also f (0) > 1; f(l ) = - l => two positive and t
wo non real complex roots VxeR => (D) ] Q.87 D [Sol. Notice the patterns Power o
f 3 go like this : 3,9,7,1 Power of 7 go like this : 7,9,3,1 Power of 13 go like
this : 3,9,7,1 so knowing that we can s ee that 31001 ^ -71002 1 3 3 9 ^ 7 1003
Q.88 [Sol. so therefore 3 9 7 = 9 ] C If a polynomial has real coefficients the
n roots occur in complex conjugate an d roots are 2i, - 2i, 2 + i, 2 - i hence f
(x) = (x + 2i)(x - 2i)(x - 2 - i)(x 2 + i) f ( l ) = ( l + 2 i ) ( l - 2 i ) (
l - 2 - i ) ( l - 2 + i) f (1) = 5 x 2 = 10 .Also f ( l ) = 1 + a + b + c+ d l +
a + b + c + d=10 => a + b + c + d = 9 Ans. ] Q.89 D [Sol. (k + 2 ) V k - W k +
2 Fk k(k + 2)2 - k 2 ( k + 2) 1_ V3_ i_ V4. V5. 00, (k + 2)Vk-kVk + 2 2k(k + 2)
1 Vk Vk + 2 T _1 i = I .vr 2 =
T j 2 ,V2 J V3 T 3 .= 1 2 and so on 1+ as k - sum V2 1 + V2 _ Vl+V2 => a + b + c

= 11 Ans. ] 2V2 ~ V8 Problems for JEE-2007 [44] fe Ban sal Classes
Q.90 C [Sol. A = b2sin29 = b2 sin 9 cos 9 ....(1) now x 65-x 24 36 60 x = 24 65

sin 9 x=26 12 5 sin 9 = and cos 9 = again, from(l) 65 sin 29 A= 13 b= 65 2 sin 9
65-13 2-5 132 2 65-x sin 9 12 = 169- 15 = 2535 Ans.] 13 13 Q.91 B [Hint: Let f
(x) = ax3 + px2 + qx + - 4 x +1 compare the coefficients to get a = 5/6 Ans. ] Q
.92 B [Sol. n(S) = 4 x 4 x 4 or 422 6 3 3 P(E) = 77 = 64 32 3 + 29 odds tan sin =
- tan r A \ J n + cos r Vl3 j) , . 4 .,5 + sm cos 5 13 v T C 4 5 = - tan(a - B)
where sin a = and cosy B = 5 13 4 _ 12 3 "5" '' tan a - t a n p = , 4 12 1 + tan
a tan P 1 + - 3 5 N 20-36 63 ^6 Ans. ] 63 fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2
007 [45] r nowuse f ( x ) - f ( x - 2 ) = x 2 = 2/3; p = 1; q = - 1/6; hence p +
q = 64 n(A) = 211 or 312 or 413 or 431 in favour 3 : 29 Ans. ] Q.93 D [Sol.
Select the correct alternatives. (More than one are correct): Q.94 A 3 [Sol. Let
the numbers are a - d, a , a + d ( a - d + 1), a, (a + d) inGP. and (a - d), a,
(a + d + 2) also in G.P. (a - d + l)(a + d) = a2 hence (a2 - d2) + (a + d) = a2
....(1) and (a - d)(a + d + 2) = a2 (a2 - d2) + 2(a - d) = a2 ....(2) (2)-(l) 2
a-2d-a-d =0 a = 3d => 2nd term ofA.P. = 3 times its common difference 2 2 from(
l ) d - d - 3d = 0 => d=4 d=4 A.P. is 8,12,16 a = 12 ] Q.95 B,D [Sol. Let the li
ne is normal to the hyperbola at P(x,, y,) hence 2x 1 + 4y 1 +k = 0 ....(1) dy d
ifferentiate the curve dx slope of normal = _ZL _ ~3x, l ine 2 -9 3Xj yi ZL ; 2
slope of line=- 2x, = 3y( (x j, y j) lies on the hyperbola 3x2 - y 2 =23 3x^ 4x
23 23 xf =23 9 => Xj = 3 or - 3 hence Pis (3,2) or (-3,-2) k = 24 or - 24 = Q.96
A,B,C [Sol. Eq uation ofAB y = 2x - 1 solving it v2 = 4x y2 = 2(y+l) = but y, +
y2 + y3 = 0 but y} + y2 = 2 y3 = - 2 putting in y2 = 4x x3 = 1 B, D Ans. ] y2 - 2
y - 2 = 0 (1,2) \ y 2 =4ax fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [46]
hence coordinates of c are (1, - 2) sum of the x and y coordinates of C are - 1

=> (A) is correct, obviously normal at C passes through the lower end of the lat
us rectum => (B) is correct again centroid of AABC = now solving X| X3 y = 2x 1 with y2 = 4x (2x- l) 2 = 4x 4x2 - 8x + 1 = 0 2+1 (1,0) Xj + x2 = 2; also x3 =
1 centroid of the AABC = again equation of the normal at C y+2 = v ^y (x-1) (D)
is incorrect ] y + 2 = x - 1 :> x-y-3 =0 hence gradient of chord at C is 1 => Q
.97 A,B,C [Sol. <j)' (x) = 2x[/"' (x2) - / ' (1 - x2)] now / ' (x) is an increa
sing function then/" (x2) >f (1-x 2 ) => 2 1 X2 > 1 -2X2' => => x > ^ 1 or x < ^ 1 so (j)' > 0 -1/V2 (- l/V2, o ) u (l/ V2,00) increasing t min. 0 t max. 4h 1/
V2 t. min. ] Q.98 B,D 27 1 f fn 7t X 2 cos + x sin 7 1 J ~ 2 13 , S =-cot - + X
/ ^7 ^ 1 7t X 2 sin + X sin J J ~ 2 y [Sol. tan - X : 7 7 1 1 tan - + + X 2 3 tan +
X 6 y 571 ^ 5tt 2n + x = n7t+ - x x= n7t T t ~ 12 n =
2x = n7t + 571 r 1 ITC Ans ] 12 1 Y MATCH THE COLUMN: Q.99 Ans. (A) P, (B) Q, (C
) R, (D) P [Sol. (A) T T ' 71 . . 7T 7^ 2 cos + isin 3 3 2n/2 is real n7t . . nTt
cos + zsin is real 6 6 Problems for JEE-2007 [47] fe Ban sal Classes
(B) mi mi hence s i n = 0 ; .'. =kn ; :. n = 6k 6 o smallest positive n is 6 Ans

. => (Q) Let z = x + iy, x, y < R = and x2 + y2 = 2 (say) 2 z is purely imaginar
y (x + iy)2 is purely imaginary x2 - y2 + 2xyi = 0 + ki keR-{0} x2 = y2 and 2xy
= k [If k = 0 thenx = 0andy = 0] let k > 0 say 2 x y = l => y=l/x x4 = 1 => x2 =
1 = > x = 1 or - 1 y = 1 or - 1 z is 1 + i or - 1 - i if k < 0 say - 2 then xy
= - 1 ; y= -l/x 4 2 x = 1 => x =1 x = 1 or -1 y = - 1 or 1 z is 1 - i or - 1 +i
there are four values of z which are 1 i => (P) 3 k = x --1l =x 2 + x + l < 3 1
x (D) x2 + x - 3 0 < 0 (x + 6)(x-5)<0 => - 6 < x < 5 => numberof+vehitegeris4.]
Q.l00 Ans. (A) R, (B)S,(C)Q, (D)Q [Sol. (A) z = 1 is one solution remaining 8 li
e on a circle 2 in each quadrant symmetrically situated on a circle => number o
f solutions are 2 Ans. -X (B) Let / = Lim (ex +1) ^ X >0 0 In I = L i m - ^ - / n
( e x + l ) = L i m ^ ^ - - / n e x ( l + e~x) = Lim 1 + C x-oo X x->oo x x-oo x
= Lim[l+/n(l + e" x ) 1/x ] X->00 [x+/n(l + e~x)] (C) In I = 1 B c A => / = e An
s. P(A n B) = P(B) P(AnB) P(B) P(A/B)= p ( B ) => ^ j ^ = lAns.] 2 2 (D) Break t
he interval into 100 identical cases favourable length => Probability = a - b =
1 Ans. ] fe Ban sal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [48]
MATHEMATICS , XII (ALL) QUESTION BANK ON FUNCTION, LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DERimBILI
TY Time Limit: 4 Sitting Each of 75 Minutes duration approx.
Question bank on function limit continuity & derivability There are 105 question
s in this question hank. Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct)
Q. 1 If both f(x) & g(x) are differentiable functions at x = x0, then the funct
i on defined as, h(x)=Maximum (f(x), g(x)} (A) is always differentiable at x=Xq
(B ) is never differentiable at x = x 0 . (C) is differentiable at x = x0 provid
ed f(x0) * g(x0) (D) cannot be differentiable at x = x0 if f(x0) = g(x 0 ). Q2 I
f L im (x -3 sin 3x + ax -2 + b) exists and is equal to zero then: X> 0 (A) a = 3 & b = 9/2 (B) a = 3 & b = 9/2 (C) a = - 3 & b = - 9 / 2 (D) a = 3 & b = - 9 /
2 x msin-i x # 0 , m e N The least value ofm for which f'(x)is A function f(x)
is de fined as f(x) = 0 if x = 0 continuous at x = 0 is (A)l (B)2 1 Q.3 (C) 3 (D
) none are relatively prime integers Q.4 For x > 0, let h(x) = ifx= where p&q>0 q
q 0 if x is irrational then which one does not hold ) (B) h(x) is continuous fo
r ous for each rational in (0, . O - 3 ,x Q.5 The value of n V (where n e N )is
(C) n In V-V (D) not defined -J For a certain value of c, X>-00 |Yx5 + 7X4 + 2) c
- xl is finite & non zero. The value of c and the value Lim ^ ' ofthe limit is
(A) 1/5,7/5 (B) 0, 1 (C) 1,7/5 ( D)none Q.7 Consider the piecewise defined funct
ion r /(x) L if 0 x-4 x<o x>4 if 0 < x < 4 if choose the answer which best descr
ibes the continuity of this function (A) The f unction is unbounded and therefor
e cannot be continuous. (B) The function is rig good? (A) h(x) is discontinuous
for all x in (0, oo each irrational in (0, Q ) O (C) h(x) is discontinu Q ) O (D
) h(x) is not derivable for all xin (0, Q ) Limit X->0 (A) In (B)0
ht continuous atx = 0 (C) The function has a removable discontinuity at 0 and 4,

but is continuous on the rest ofthe real line. (D) The function is continuous o
n the entire real line feBansal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q.8 If a, P are the roots of the quadratic equation ax + bx+c = 0 then Lim 2 1 cosjax2 + bx + c) (x-a)2 2 equals (A) 0 Q. 9 (B)^(a-p)2 (C) y (a-P) 2 (D)-^-(aP)2 2 Which one of the following best represents the graph of the function f(x)
= Li m tan (nx) n7t y ( ,(0,1) (0,1) , (0,1) ( fO.l) , (A)' 0 >(0-1) (B) 0 1 - 3x
+ X 1-x3 (B)3 3 x4 (C) 0 (0,-1 > (D) 0 Q.IO Lim 2 x^x" ( -0 1 (Q(D) none (A)i Q.
ll ABC is an isosceles triangle inscribed in a circle of radius r. IfAB = AC & h
is
the altitudefromAto BC and P be the perimeter ofABC then Linl equals (where A is
the area of the triangle) (A) 32r (C) 128r (D)none Q.12 Let the functionj,\ g an
d h be defined as follows x sin 0 x 2 sin 0 m vxj r) for - 1 < x < 1 and x * 0 f
or x0 for - 1 < x < 1 and x * 0 for x =0 h(x) = |x| 3 for - 1 < x < 1 Which of th
ese functions are differentiable at x = 0? (A)/and g only (B)/and/i only (C) g a
nd h only Q.13 If [x] denotes the greate st integer < x, then Limit -L jjy x j +
123 x] + (A) x/2 (B) x/3 (C) x/6 (D)none + [n3 x]j equals (D) x/4 feBansal Class
es Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q. 14 Let /(x) = g(x) where g and h are cotinuous functions on the open interval
(a, b). Which of the following statements is true for a < x < b? (A)/ is contin
uous at all x for whic h x is not zero. (B)/ is continuous at all x for which g
(x) = 0 (C) / is contin uous at all x for whichg (x) is not equal to zero. (D) /
is continuous at all x for which h (x) is not equal to zero. I sin x I "I-1 cos
x I Q. 15 The period of the function f (x) = 1 -1 is | sinx-cosx | (A) 7C/2 X (B
) tc/4 (C)TC (D) 27t Q. 16 If f(x) = H GOS 2x ~ , x ^ 0 is continuous at x = 0,
then x2 (B) m ] = - 2 (C) {f(0)} = -0 .5 (D) [f(0)]. {f(0)} =-1.5 (A) f (0) = |
where [x] and {x} denotes greatest integer andfractionalpart function \ Q.17 The
value ofthe limit ^ J n=2 is X (A)l (B)7 x + b, x < 0 (C)^ (DW Q. 18 The functi
on g (x) = r . cosx, x > 0 can be made differentiable atx = 0. (B) if b is not e
qual to zero (D) for no val ue of b (A) if b is equal to zero (C) if b takes any
real value Q. 19 Let / be differentiable at x = 0 and/' (0) = 1. Then L i m (A)
3
/ ( h)-/(-2h)_ h-0 h (B)2 (C)l (D)-l Q.20 If f(x) = sin-1 (sinx) ; x e R thenfis
(A) continuous and differentiable fo r all x Tt (B) continuous for all x but not
differentiable for all x=(2k + 1) , k e I K (C) neither continuous nor differen
tiable for x = (2k - 1) ; k I (D) neither conti nuous nor differentiable for x e R
-[-1,1] feBansal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q.21 Limit x ~*2 c o s sin x ^-(3sinx-sin3x) (B) 1 = where [] denotes greatest i

nteger function, is 2 (A)4 (Q^ v a l u e i g (D) does not exist Q.22 If Lim fa(3
+ x ) - f a ( 3 - x ) x->0 x (A) | (B)-j (C)-| (D)0 x2n-l Q.23 The function / (
x) = Lim i s identical with the function n->co +1 (A) g (x) = sgn(x - 1) (B) h (
x) = sgn (tan^x) (C) u (x) = sgn( | x | - 1) (D) v (x ) = sgn (coHx) Q. 24 The f
unctions defined by f(x) = max {x2 (x - 1 ) 2 ,2x (1 x)}, 0 < x < 1 (A) is diffe
rentiable for all x (B) is differentiable for all x excetp at one point (C) is d
ifferentiable for all x except at two points (D) is not differentiable at more t
han two points. x /nx Q.25 f ( x ) = and g (x) = . T hen identify the CORRECT st
atement 1 (A) ^ ^ I and f(x) are identical functions V x>0 xf 3 1 (B) y ^ y and
g (x) are identical functions (D) ( )~3f(*) isgiyen by = 1 (C)f(x).g(x)=l Vx>0 Q
.26 If f(3) = 6 & f' (3) = 2, then (A) 6 (B) 4 . (D) none of these. (C) 0 Q. 27
Which one of the following functions is continuous everywhere in its domai n but
has atleast one point where it is not differentiable? (A) f (x) = x1/3 (B) f (x
) = (C) f (x) = e~x (D)f(x) = tanx . _ 2V2- ("cosx + sinx) 3 . % . Q. 28 The lim
iting value of the function f(x) = when x is > 1 - sm 2x 4 (A) VI (B)-jL (C) 3 J
2 (D)-jt
feBansal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
2 x + 2 3-X _ 6 _ i: Q.29 Let f(x): LL-X if x>2 then x2 - 4 x-V3x-2 if x<2 (B) f
(2) = 16 => f is continuous at x = 2 (D) f has a removable discontinui ty at x
= 2 hH] (x*0) (x = 0)(A) f (2) = 8 => f is continuous atx = 2 (C)f(2-)*f(2 + ) f
is discontinuous Q.3 0 e On the interval I = [-2,2], the function f(x) = J . lo
then which one of the f ollowing does not hold good? (A) is continuous for all
values of x e I (B) is co ntinuous for x e I - (0) (C) assumes all intermediate
values from f(- 2) & f(2) (D) has a maximum value equal to 3/e. Q.31 Which ofthe
following function is suijectivebutnotinjective ( A ) f : R - R f(x) =X 4 + 2 X
3 - X 2 + 1 (B) f: R ^ R (C) f: R R+ f(x) = V n V x w Q. 3 2 Co nsider the func
tion f (x): L 1. f(x) = x 3 + x + 1 (D) f : R - R f(x) = x3 + 2 x 2 - x + l if l
< x <2 if x = 2 if 2 < x < 3 where [x] denotes step up function then at x = 2 f
unction (A) has missing point removable discontinuity (B) has isolated point rem
ovable discontinuity (C) has n onremovable discontinuityfinitetype (D) is contin
uous Q. 3 3 Suppose that / is c ontinuous on [a, b] and that/(x) is an integer f
or each x in [a, b]. Then in [a, b] (A) / is injective (B) Range of / may have m
any elements (C) {x} is zero for all x e [a, b] where { } denotes fractional par
t function (D) f (x) is constant Q.34 The graph of function / contains the point
P (1,2) and Q(s, r). The equati on of the secant line through f si r+.2 s - 3 P
and Q is y = s 1 x - 1 - s. The value of / ' (1), is (A) 2 (B)3 (C)4 (D) non ex
istent feBansal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
e x /nx5 ( x 2 + 2 ) (x 2 -7x + 10) . Q.3 5 The range of the function f(x) = 5 i

s 2x - 1 l x + 12 (A) (-00,00) (B)[0,oo) (Q 3 2'" (D) Q.36 Consider f(x) = 2 2
sinx - sin3xj + sinx - sin 3 x smx - sin3xj sinx - sin 3 x , x* for x e (0, tt)
f(n/2) = 3 where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function then, (A) f is contin
uous & differentiable at x = n/2 (B) f is continuous but not differentiable at
x =%/2 (C) f is neither continuous nor differentiable at x-%/2 (D) none of these
Q .37 The number of points at which the function, f(x) = | x - 0.5 | + I x - 1
| + tanx does not have a derivative in the interval (0,2) is : (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3
(D ) 4 Q. 3 8 Let [x] denote the integral part of x e R. g(x) = x - [x]. Let f(
x) b e any continuous function with f(0)=f(l) then the function h(x) = f(g(x)):
(A) h asfinitelymany discontinuities (B) is discontinuous at some x = c (C) is c
ontinu ous on R (D) is a constant function . Q.39 Given the function f(x) = 2x^x
3 - I + 5\/x jl-x4 + lx2 sjx - 1 +3x + 2 then: (A) the function is continuous bu
t not d ifferentiable at x = 1 (B) the function is discontinuous at x= 1 (C) the
functio n is both cont. & differentiable at x = 1 (D) the range of f(x) is R+.
Q.40 I f / ( x + y ) = / ( x ) + / ( y ) + | x | y + xy2, V x, y 6 R and/' (0) =
0, then (A)/ need not be differentiable at every non zero x (B)/ is differentia
ble for a ll x e R (C)/ is twice differentiable at x = 0 (D) none Q.41 For sin(x
-10} (10-x ) (where {} denotesfractionalpart function) (B) RHL exist but LHL doe
s not exist . (D) both RHL and LHL exist and equals to 1 (A) LHL exist but RHL d
oes not exist (C) neither LHL nor RHL does not exist T Q.42 tZ I2 n+22 (n-l)+32
(n-2)+.... ,+n2.l I 3 + 2 3 + 3
3 + + N 3 is equal to : (A)j feBansal Classes CB)f (Qj <P)j [2] Q. B. onVector,3

D&ComplexNo.&Misc.
Q. 43 The domain of definition ofthe function f (x) = log 3 - x - 61 + 16_xC2x-i

+ 20_3xP 2x-5 IS ' V (A) {2} (B) 4' -{2,3} (C) {2, 3} (D) 1 4 ^ j Where [x] denot
es greatest integer function. x 2 - b x + 25 Q 44 If/(x) = forx^ 5 and / is conti
nuous at x = 5, then/(5) has the value equal to x - 7 x + 10 (D)2 5 (C)10 (A) 0
(B) 5 Q.45 Let / be a differentiable function on the open interval (a, b). Which
of the following statements must be true? I. / is continuous on t he closed int
erval [a, b] n. / is bounded on the open interval (a, b) III. If a< aj<bj<b, and
/(a,)<0</(bj), then there is a number c such that aj<c< bj and/(c)=0 (A) I and I
I only (B) I and III only (C) H and III only (D) only HI cot 1 Q.46 v The value
of LimU \ ( a > l ) is equal to v 7 H s e c " 1 ^ log x aj v (x a log a X) (A) 1
(B) 0 (C) Till (D) does not exist Q.47 Let f: (1,2) R satisfies the inequality
cos(2x-4)-33 x I 4x-81 1 < f(x) <1 , V x e(l,2). Then Lim f(x) is equal to x-2 x-2
(A) 16 (B)-16 (C) cannot be determ ined from the given information (D) does not
exists sinxcosx n T . Q.48 Let a = min L 2 + 2x + 3, x s R] and b = Lim X _ Then
the value of Y arbn~r is [x , J X r =0 2n+1 + 1 2n+1 - 1 2n - 1 4n+1 - 1 (D) 32n
Q.49 Period of f(x) = nx + n - [nx + n], (n e N where [ ] denotes the greatest i

nteger function is : (A) 1 (B) 1/n (C) n (D) none of these (\ l 1 - Xh Q.50 Let
f be a real valued function defined by fix) = sin-1 v 3 , i s given by: (A) [-4
,4] (B) [0,4] (C)[-3,3] + COS 1 "xl \ J j . Then domain of J(x) (D) [-5,5] feBan
sal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q.51 For the function f (x) = Lhn ^ ^ ^ ^ (A) The range of f is a singleton set
(C) fis discontinuous for allx s i . 2 ^ which of the following holds? (B) f is
continuous on R (D) fis discontinuous f or somexeR Q.52 Domain of the function f
(x) = , is -y/Zncot-1 x (A) (cotl, oo) (B)R- {cotl} r 2x (C) (-oo,0)u(O,cotl) (D
) (-oo, cotl) +l ,xeQ is Q.53 The function f(x)= x2 - 2 x + 5 , x g Q (A) contin
uous no where (B) differentiable no where (C) continuous but not diffe rentiable
exactly at one point (D) differentiable and continuous only at one poi nt and d
iscontinuous elsewhere Q.54 For the function f (x) = , x * 2 which of the followi
ng holds? (B) f (2) ^ 0,1/2 and fis continuous at x = 2 (D) f (2) = 0 an d f is
continuous at x = 2. x+ 2 ^ (A) f (2) = 112 and f is continuous at x =2 (C) f ca
n not be continuous a t x = 2 T. O 55 LIM x-cos(sin _1 x) l-tan(sin x) ^ x->i/V2
(A)^ (B)-"jj (C)V2 (D)-V2 Q.56 Which one of the following is not bounded on the
intervals as indicated -11 (A) f(x) = 2X_1 on (0, 1) (B) g(x) = x c o sX- on (oo, oo) x (C) h(x) = xe~ on (0, oo) (D) I (x) = arc tan2x on (-oo, oo) Q. 57 The
domain of the functionfix) = , ' x,is: (A) R (C) R - jVn : n eI + u {0}j 3T0 COt
X VM J
x rx 2 ' , where [x] denotes the greatest integer not greater than (B) R - {0} (
D)R-{n:neI} feBansal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q.58 If f(x) = cosx, x = n7t, n = 0, 1,2, 3, = 3, otherwise and x 2 + 1 when x^3

, xÔ m= (A) 1 3 5 when x = 0 when x = 3 then Limit f ( ( K x )) = (C) 5 (D) non
e (B)3 ' X ^ Q.59 Let Lim sec"1 x-0 Vsmxy = / and Lim sec 1 x>0 (A) I exists but m
does not (C) I and m both exist Q.60 Range of the function f (x) = function and
e= Limit(l + a) a (A) = m, then vtanx; (B) m exists but / does not (D) neither I
nor m exists + 1 /n(x + e) l/a 1 Vi+ x is, where [*] denotes the greatest integ
er ' o , r w{2} v e j (B) (0,1) (C)(0,l]u{2} (D)(0,l)u{2) Q.61 Lim sin '[tanx] =
I then { / } is equal to x-0~ (A) 0 , 7 1
(C) I - i <P)2-ft where [ ] and { } denotes greatest integer and fractional part
function. Q. 62 N umber of points where the function f (x) = (x2 - 1 ) | x2 - x
- 21 + sin( | x |) is not differentiable, is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C)2 (D)3 Q.63 T. . co
r^Vx+T - V x 7 ) Limit \ ' r X->00 ^2x + lV.X sec ,x-l -x 2 . is equal to (A) 1
(B)0 if x < x 0 (C) TC/2 (D) non existent Q.64 I f f ( x ) = - ax + b if x > x 0
derivable V x e R then the values of a and b are respectively (C) - 2x0 , XQ (A
) 2x 0 , - xc 1 + cos (B)-x0,2x0 2llX (P)2xjj , - x 0 1 - sin 7tx x < 2 Q.65 Let
f(x) = J4 + [l2x - 1 - 2 x = 2 If f(x) is discontinuous at x= , then x> 1 (A) p
e R - {4} ( B ) p s R - y (C) p 6 R, (D) p e R feBansal Classes
Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q. 66 Let f(x) be a differentiable function which satisfies the equation f(xy) =

f(x) + f(y) for all x > 0, y > 0 then f'(x)is equal to (A) f(l) (B) 1 x (C)f'(l
) (D)f'(l)(lnx) Q.67 Given f(x) = b ([x]2 + [x]) +1 for x > - 1 = Sin (k (x+a))
for x < - 1 where [x] denot es the integral part of x, then for what values of a
, b the function is continuo us at x = -l? (A) a = 2n + (3/2); b e R ; n e l (B)
a = 4n + 2; b e R; n e l + ( C) a = 4n + (3/2); b e R ; n e I (D) a = 4 n + l ;
b e R+ ; n e l /n(x2 + e x ) Q 68 Let f(x) = . If Limit f( x ) = / and Limit f(
x ) = m then : /n(x + e ) (A) l=m (B)/=2m (C) 21=m (D) / + m = 0 Q.69 Lim cos(
W n 2 +n I when n is an integer: n->00 ^ J (A) is equal to 1 . xô (B) is equal
to - 1 (C) is eq ual to zero (D) does not exist Q.70 x Ll lt; (sin x - t a n x)
2 - ( l - c o s 2 x ) 4 +x 5 _! 7 _i . 5 is equal to H 7.(tan x ) +(sin x) +3sin
x (A) 0 (B) 7 (C) v y 3 (D)l Q.71 Range ofthe function, f(x) = cot"1 (log4/5 (5x
2 - 8x + 4)) is : (A) ( O . t c ) (B) ~4 X 7 C ' (C) K
0, (D) [ 0 , ^ rxi2 Q. 72 Let y ^ f ~ ~ = / & Tx12] = m, where [ ] denotes great

est integer, then: X (A) / exists but m does not (C) I & m both exist (B) m exis
ts but / does not (D) neither / nor m exists . tan x _1 sin x Q.73 The value of
limit1 ( (;{ , }/ f ) /) . { ) where { x} denot es thefractionalpart function: t
1"1' ; {x}({x}-l) (A) is 1 (B) is tan 1 (C) is sin 1 (D) is non existent In (V 2
+ 2Vxj Q.74 If f(x) = p is continuous at x = 0, then f (0) must be equal to tan
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e2 (D) 2 feBansal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2
]
Q.75 2 + 2x + sin 2x is: (2x + sin 2x)esu! (A) equal to zero (B) equal to 1 Lim
(cos ax ) cosec2bx is 8a" (C) equal to - 1 (D) non existent Q.76 The value of 8b
(A) (B) (C) A2 l 2b J (D) Select the correct alternative : (More than one are c
orrect) Q,77 Lim f(x) does not exist when: x->c (A) f(x) = [ [ x ] ] - [ 2 x - l
] , c = 3 (C) f(x)={x} 2 -{-x} 2 , c = 0 where [x] denotes step up function & {
x}fractiona lpart function. (B) f(x) = [x] x, c = l (D)f(x)=^^,c=0. sgnx tan2 {x
} for x > 0 x2 - [x]2 for x = 0 where [ x ] is the step up function and { x} is
the fractional Q.78 Let f(x) = 1 V{x} cot {x} for x < 0 part function of x, then
: (A) x L l f (x) = 1 \2 (B) =1 s L t f(x) = 1 (C) cot" Limit f(x) V.X H> 0 " (D)
f is continuous at x = 1 Q.79 If f(x)= x . t a (cosx) 2
[0 '"(i + x ) x*0 " ' " then: x=0 (A) fis continuous at x = 0 (C) fis differenti
able at x = 0 (B) fis continuous at x=0 but not differentiable at x=0 (D) fis no
t continuous a t x = 0. Q. 80 Which ofthe following function (s) is/are Transcid
ental? (A) f (x) = 5 sin ^ 2sin3x - ? + 2 x - l (D) f (x) = (x2 + 3).2X , W ( Q
f ( x ) = Vx2 + 2x+ 1 Q. 81 Which ofthe following functions) is/are periodic? (B
) g(x) = sin(l/x) , x ^ 0 & g(0) = 0 (A) f(x) = x - [ x ] (D) w(x) = sin-1 (sinx
) (C) h(x)=xcosx ^Bansal Classes ft B. on FLCD [12]
Q. 82 Which of following pairs of functions are identical: (A) &g(x) = sec-1x (B

) f(x) = tan (tan-1 x) & g(x) = cot (cot1 x) ) & g(x) = sgn (sgn (x)) (D) f(x) =
cot2 x.cos2x & g(x)= cot 2 ich ofthe following functions are homogeneous ? (A)
x siny + y y e ^ (C) x2 - xy (D) arc sinxy
f(x) = e' nseo_lx (C) f(x) = sgn (x x- cos2x Q. 83 Wh sinx (B) x ey/x +
Q. 84 If 0 is small & positive number then which of the following is/are correct
? (A) , . . sinG e =1 (B) 9 < sin0 <tan0 (C) sin0 < 0 < tan6 (D) 0 > Sm6 6 Q.85
Let f(x) (A) Limit (C) Limit x . 2X - x . (to. 2 & g(x) = 2xsin - then: 1 - cosx
. V 2 J f(x) = /n 2 f(x) = /n 4 (B) Limit (D) g(x) =/n 4 Limit g(x) = /n 2 Q.86
Let f(x) = (A) Limit x-1 . Then: 2x - 7x + 5 2 f(x) =_I (B) Limit f ( x ) = _ I
(C) Limit f ( x ) = 0 (D) Limit does not exist Q.87 Which ofthe following limits
vanish? (A) Lhmt x i sin Vx 1 ( B ) x L ^2 ( l - s i n x ) . t a n x Limit [x]2
- 9 (D) x x -9 2x + 3 sgn(x) x +x- 5 where [ ] denotes greatest integer functio
n (C) Limit 2 Q. 88 If x is a real number in [0,1 ] then the value of Limit Limi
t [l +cos 2m ( n! % x)] is given by (A) 1 or 2 according as x is rational or irr
ational (B) 2 o r 1 according as x is rational or irrational (C) 1 for all x (D)
2 for all x. Q. 89 If f(x) is a polynomial function satisfying the condition f(
x). f(l/x) = f(x) + f(l/x) and f(2) = 9 then: (A) 2 f(4) = 3 f(6) (B) 14f(l) = f
(3) (C) 9f(3) = 2 f(5) (D) f(10) = f(ll) Q. 90 Which of the following function(s
) not defined at x = 0 has/have removable discontinuity at x=0 ? rx n 1 (D) f(x)
= (B) f(x)=cos sinx (C)f(x) = x s i n (A ) f(x) = C in |xi 1+ 2 x feBansal Clas
ses Q.B.onFLCD [13]
Q.91 The function f(x): "|x-3| , x>l (A) continuous at x = 1 (C) continuous at x
= 3 (B) diff. at x = 1 (D) differentiable at x = 3 Q.92 If f(x) cos continuous
at : (A)x = 0 cos ( J ( x ~ OJ ; where [x] is the greatest integerr function of
x, then f(x) i s (B) x = 1 (C) x = 2 (D) none of these Q. 93 Identify the pair(s
) of functions which are identical. jl _ x2 (A) y = tan (cos x); y = ^ x (C) y =
sin (arc tan x); y = , X V1 + x2 1 (B) y = tan ( c o t x ) ; y = x(D) y = cos (
arc tan x); y = sin (arc cot x) Q. 94 The function, f (x) = [ | x | ] - | [x] |
where [ x ] denotes greatest int eger function (A) is continuous for all positiv
e integers (B) is discontinuous f or all non positive integers (C) hasfinitenumb
er of elements in its range (D) is such that its graph does not lie above the x
- axis. Q.95 Let f (x + y) = f (x) + f(y) for all x, y e R. Then: (A) f(x) must
be continuous V x e R (B)f(x) may be continuous V x e R (C) f(x) must be discont
inuous V x e R (D) f(x) may be dis continuous V x e R Q. 96 The functionf(x) = A
/] _ V l - x 2 (A) has its domain 1 < x < 1. (B) hasfiniteone sided derivates at
the point x= 0. (C) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0. (D) is continuou
s but not differentiable atx = 0. Q. 97 Let f(x) be defined in [-2,2] by f(x) =
max(4-x 2 , 1+x 2 ), - 2 < x < 0 = min(4-x 2 , 1 + x2), 0 < x < 2 The fix) (A) i
s continuous at all points (B) has a point of discontinuity (C) is not different
iable only at one point. (D) is no t differentiable at more than one point feBan
sal Classes Q. B. onVector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc. [2]
Q.98 The functionf(x) = sgnx.sinx is (A) discontinuous no where. (C) aperiodic (

B) an even function (D) differentiable for all x Q .99 The functionfix)= x / n x
(A) is a constant function (C) is such that lim it f(x) exist x-l Q. 100 Which p
air(s) of function(s) is/are equal? (A) f(x) = co s(2tan 1 x); g(x) / 1 X (B) ha
s a domain (0, 1) U (e, oo) (D) is aperiodic (B) f(x) = 1 ~~ X F ; g(x) = sin(2c
ot-'x) (C)f(x)= e ^ - " 1 * ) ; g(x)= e ^ (D)f(x) = %fa , a>0; g(x)= a , a > 0 wh
ere {x} and [x] denotes the fractional part & integral part functions. Fill in t
he blan ks: where c is a known quantity. If fis derivable at x = c, then the val
ues of'a' & 'b' are ax+b& if x > crespectively. Q. 102 A weight hangs by a sprin
g & is cause d to vibrate by a sinusoidal force. Its displacement s(t) at time t
is given by an equation of the form, s(t) = 2 c -k2 i smx x<c (sin kt - sin ct)
where A c & k are positive constants with c^k, then the limiting value of the d
isplacement as c k is ^ T IMIT Q 103 Limit v (cosa) x - v(sina) x - cos2a W H ,E
R E / / x- 4 O< a < n is . 2 . Q.l 04 Limit ( cos 2x) has the value equal to Q.
105 If f(x) = sinx, x * m t , n = 0, 1, 2, 3,.... = 2, otherwise and g(x) = x 2 + 1
, x * 0 , 2 = 4, x=0 = 5, x=2 th en Ljmh g [f( x )] is feBansal Classes Q. B. on
Vector,3D&ComplexNo.&Misc.
[2]
[91] (LYIJ uo a f ) S3SSVIJ jvsuvqlj) Q.l Q.6 Q. 11 Q.16 C A C D Q.2 Q.7 Q.12 Q.
17 Q.22 Q.27 Q.32 Q.37 Q.42 Q.47 Q.52 Q.57 Q.62 Q.67 Q.72 Q.78 Q. 82 Q.86 Q.90 Q
.94 Q.98 A D C D A A B C A B D C C A B A, C B, C, D A, B, C, D B, C, D A, B, C,
D A, B, C Q.3 Q.8 Q.13 Q.18 Q.23 Q.28 Q.33 Q.38 Q.43 Q.48 Q.53 Q.58 Q.63 Q.68 Q.
73 C C D D C D D C A D D B A A D Q.4 Q9 Q.14 A Q.21 A Q.26 C Q.31 D Q.36 A Q.41
B Q.46 A Q.51 C Q.56 B Q.61 D Q.66 A Q.71 Q.76 Q.77 Q.81 Q.85 B C B, C A, D C, D
A. D Q.19 A Q.24 C Q.29 C Q.34 c Q.39 B Q.44 Q.49 Q.54 A B C A Q.5 Q.10 Q.15 B
B C B Q.20 Q.25 A Q.30 A Q.35 A Q.40 B Q.45 D Q.50 A Q.55 B Q.60 D Q.65 A Q.70 Q
.75 C D Q.59 Q.64 A Q.69 Q.74 Q.80 Q.84 Q.88 Q.92 C D A,B,D C, D B,D B, C Q.79 A
, C Q.83 B, C Q.87 A, B, D Q.91 A, B, C Q.95 B, D Q.99 A, C Q.l02 : -At Q.89 B,
C Q.93 A, B, C, D Q.97 B, D Q.96 A, B, D Q.100 A, B, C coskt 2k Q.lOl cosc& sinc
- C COSC Q.103 cos4 a / n cos a - sin4 a / n sin a Q.l05 1 Q.l04 e 6 A 3)1 V3ALSN
V
MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) HOME ASSIGNMENT Objective: Vector, 3D & Complex Subjectiv
e: Misc. Topics NOTE: This assignment w ill be discussed on th<very first day aft
er Deepawali Vacation, hence come prepar ed.
Question bank on Vector, 3D and Complex Number & Misc. Subjective Problem Select
the correct alternative : (Only one is correct) Q.l If jaj = 11, |b| =23, |a-bj
=30,then |a + b| is : (A) 10 Q.2 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40 The position vector ofa p
oint P moving in space is given by OP = R = (3cost)i+ ( 4cost) j + (5sint)kThe t
ime't' when the point P crosses the plane 4x - 3y + 2z = 5 is (A) sec TC (B) sec
71 (C) sec 71 (D) sec 71 Q. 3 Indicate the correct order sequence in respect of
the following: I. x - 4 y+6 y+ 6 x-1 y-2 z-3 The lines = = and = ^ are orthogona
? II. The planes 3x The function f (x) the inverse of the TFF (B)TFTT (C)FFTT 2
2 2y - 4z = 3 and the plane x - y - z = 3 are orthogonal. III. = /n(e~2 + ex) is
monotonic increasing V x e R . IV. If g is function, /(x) = /n(e-2 + ex) then g
(x) = /n(ex - e~2). (A)F (D)FTTT Q.4 Zj +z 2 rh. If is purely imaginary then ZJ
Z
is equal to : (C) 3 (D) 0 (A) 1 Q.5 (B) 2 In a regular tetrahedron, the centres
of the four faces are the vertices of a sm aller tetrahedron. The ratio of the v
olume of the smaller tetrahedron to that of the larger is , where m and n are rel
atively prime n positive integers. The valu e of (m + n) is (A) 3 (B)4 (C) 27 (D
)28 Q.6 Q. 7 If a, b, c are non-coplanar unit vectors such that a x (b x c) = -4
= (b+c) then the angle between a & b is V2 (A) 3 TT/4 (B) TI/4 (C) 7i/2 (D) n Th
e sine of ang le formed by the lateral face ADC and plane of the base ABC of the
tetrahedron A BCD where A s (3, -2,1); B = (3, 1, 5); C s (4, 0, 3) and D = (1,
0, 0) is 2 5 ^ Q.8 (C) 3^3 v^
(D) -2 7i? Let z be a complex number, then the region represented by the inequal
ity | z + 2 | < | z + 4 | is given by : (A) R e ( z ) > - 3 (B) Im(z)<-3 (C) Re(
z) < - 3 & I m ( z ) > - 3 (D) R e ( z ) < - 4 & I m ( z ) > - 4 The volume of t
he parallel piped whose edges are represented by the vectors a = 2 i - 3j + 4k,
b = 3i - j + 2k , c = i + 2j - k is : (A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) none Q.9 feBansal Cl
asses Q. B. on Vector, 3D & Complex No. & Misc. [2]
Q.10 Let u,v,w be the vectors such that u + v + w = 0 , if |u j= 3 ,|v j= 4 & |w

u.v + v.w + w .u is : (A) 47 (B) -25 Q.ll Let a= i - j , b= j - k , c= (A) (C)0
(D)25 5 then the value of . If d is aunit vector such that a.d=0= [b,c,d] then
d ( C ) -^(i+j+k) 1 (D) k (B)^(i+j-k) Q. 12 If z be a complex number for which (A)
+1 (B) V3 + l z + Z = 2, then the greatest value of | z | is : (C) 2V2 - 1 (D) n
one Q.13 If the non - zero vectors a & b are perpendicular to each other, then t
he s olution ofthe equation, ? x a = b is : (A) ? = xa + fa x b) v 7 a. a V > (C)
r = x a x b where x is any scalar. Q.14 K(B) J r = xb b.b \ (a x b) ' (D) r = xb
x a x-2 y-3 z-4 x1 y-4 z-5 Thelines: = : = a n d - = - = are coplanar if 1 1 K
k = 1 or - 1 (B) k = 0 or - 3 (C)k = 3 o r - 3 (D)k = 0 o r - 1 Q. 15 Which one
ofthe following statement is INCORRECT ? (A) l f n . a = 0 , n . b = 0 & n . c
= 0 f o r some non zero vector n, then[ a b c J = 0 (B) there exi st a vector ha
ving direction angles a = 30 & P = 45 (C) locus of point for which x = 3& y = 4isa
line parallel to the z - axis whose distance from the z-axis is 5 (D) In a regu
lar tetrahedron OABC where'O'is the origin, the vector OA + OB + O C is perpendi
cular to the plane ABC. Q. 16 Given that the equation, z 2 +(p+iq)z +r+is = 0 ha
s a real root where p, q, r, s e R. Then which one is correct (A) pq r = r2 + p2
s (B) prs = q2 + r2p (C) qrs = p 2 +s 2 q (D) pqs = s 2 + q2r Q.17 Th e distance
of the point (3,4,5) from x-axis is (A) 3 (B)5 (C)V34 (0)^41 Q. 18 Gi ven non z
ero vectors A, B and C, then which one of the following is false? (A) A vector o
rthogonal to Ax B and C is (AxB)xC (B) A vector orthogonal to A+B and A - B i s A
x B (C) Volume of the parallelopiped determined by A, B and C is | A x B C | (D
) Vector projection of A onto B is AB ^ feBansal Classes Q. B. on Vector, 3D & C
omplex No. & Misc. [2]
Q.19 Given three vectors a , b , c such that they are non - zero, non - coplanar
vectors, then which of the following are non coplanar. (A) a + b , b + c , c +
a (C) a + b , b - c , c + a 0.20 (B) a - b , b + c , c + a (D) a + b, b + c, c a
The sum / + 2/2 + 313 + + 2002/2002, where i = A/_i is equal to (A)-999+ 1002/
( B)- 1002+ 999/ (C) - 1001 + 1000/ (D) - 1002 + 1001/ Q.21 Locus of the point P
, for which OP represents a vector with direction cosin e cos a = ( ' O' is the
origin) is : (A) A circle parallel to y z plane with cen tre on the x - axis (B)
a cone concentric with positive x - axis having vertex a t the origin and the s
lant height equal to the magnitude of the vector (C) a ray emanating from the or
igin and making an angle of 60 with x - axis (D) a disc par allel to y z plane wi
th centre on x - axis& radius equal to OP sin 60 Q.22 A line with direction ratio
s (2,1,2) intersects the lines f = - j + X(i + j + k) and f = - i + p(2i + j + k
) at A and B, then / (AB) is equal to (A) 3 Q.23 (B)V3 ( Q 2V2 (D)V2 The vertice
s ofa triangle are A (1,1,2),B(4,3,1) & C (2,3,5). The vector represe nting the
internal bisector ofthe angle A is : (A) 1 + j + 2k (B) 2i - 2j + k (C )2i + 2 j
- k (D)2i+2j + k Lowest degree of a polynomial with rational coefficie nts if o
ne of its root is, V2 + 1 is (A) 2 (B)4 (C)6 (D) 8 7T Q.24 Q.25 A plane vector h
as components 3 & 4 w.r.t. the rectangular cartesian system . This system is rot
ated through an angle in anticlockwise sense. Then w.r.t. th e new system the ve
ctor has components : <A)4,3 (B)^.jj (Q-j-.j. (D) none Q.26 Let a =xi+ 12j - k;
b = 2i + 2xj + k & c = i + k. If the ordered set b c a ] is left handed, then: (
A) x e (2,00) Q.27 (B) x e (-00, - 3) (C)xe(-3,2) (D)xe {-3,2} If cosai + j + k
, i + cospj + k & i + j + cosyk (a ^ p * y * 2 n Tt) are coplan ar then the valu
e of cosec t-cosec + cosec equal to 2 2 ot ?p y 2 2 2 (A)l (B)2 (C) 3
(D) none of these Q.28 The straight line (1+2/)z+(2/-l)z = 10/ on the complex pl
ane, has intercept on the imaginary axis equal to (A) 5 Bansal Classes (B)| (C)| (D)-5 [4] Q. B. on Vector, 3D & Complex No. & Misc.
Q.29 The perpendicular distance of an angular point of a cube of edge 'a'fromthe

diagonal which does not pass that angular point, is (A)V3a (B)V2a (C) a . (D) a
Q.30 Which one of the following does not hold for the vector V = a x (b x aj? (
A) per pendicular to a (C) coplanar with a & b (B) perpendicular to b (D) perpen
dicular to a x b. Q.31 Let z,,z 2 &z 3 be the complex numbers representing the v
ertices ofa triangleABC respectively. If P is a point representing the complex n
umber z0 satisfying; a (Zj - z0) + b (z2 - z0) + c (z3 - z0) = 0, then w.r.t. th
e triangle ABC, the poi nt P is its : (A) centroid (B) orthocentre (C) circumcen
tre (D) incentre Q.32 Given the position vectors ofthe vertices ofa triangle ABC
, A=(a) ;B=(b) ; C = (c). A vector r is parallel to the altitude drawn from the
vertex A, making an obtuse angle with the positive Y-axis. If I r | -2V34 ;a = 2
ij3k ;b =i + 2 j 4 k ; c = 3 i - j - 2 k , t h e n f is (A) 61 8j 6k (B) 61 - 8 j
+ 6k ( C ) - 6 i - 8 j + 6k (D) 6i+8j + 6k Q.33 The complex number, z = 5 + i ha
s an argument which is nearly equal to: (A) 7t/32 (B) 71/16 (C) 7t/12 (D) 71/8 a
.a a.b a.c Q.34 If a = i + j + k ,b = i - j + k ,c = i + 2 j - k , then the valu
e of b.a b.b b.c equal to c.a c.b c.c (A) 2 (B)4 (C) 16 (D) 64 Q.35 If the equat
ion x2 + ax + b = 0 where a, b e R has a non real root whose cu be is 343 then (
7a + b) has the value (A) 98 (B) - 49 (C) - 98 '(D) 49 Direction for Q.36 to Q.40
. Let A = i + 2j + 3k and B = 3i + 4 j + 5k AxB| 2 +(A-B)2 is eq ual to (B)7V!0
(C)10V7 (D)64 Q.36 The value of the scalar (A) 8 Q.37 Equation ofa line passing
through the point with position vector 2i + 3j an d orthogonal to the plane cont
aining the vectors A and B, is (A) r = (A, + 2)i-( 2?i-3)j + A,k (C) f = XI+ (2X
- 3) j - Xk ^Bansal Classes (B) r = (X (D) none [5 ] 2)1 - (2X-3)j + Xk 0. B. o
n Vector, 3D & Complex No. & Misc.
Q.3 8 Equation of a plane containing the point with position vector (i - j + k)

and parallel to the vectors A and B , is (A) x + 2y + z = 0 (C) x -- 2y + z - 4
= 0 (B) x - 2 y - z - 2 = 0 (D) 2x + y + z - 1 = 0 Q.3 9 Volume of the tetrahedr
on whose 3 coterminous edges are the vectors A, B a nd C = 2i + j - 4k is (A) 1
(B) 4/3 (C) 8/3 (D) 8 Q.40 Vector component of A perpendicular to the vector B i
s given by (A) Bx (Ax B) (B) Ax(AxB) \ 2 Bx(AxB) CP) Ax(AxB) pi Select the corre
ct alternatives : (More than one are correct) Q.41 If a, b, c ar e different rea
l numbers and ai + bj + ck ; bi + cj + ak & c i + a j + bk are po sition vectors
of three non-collinear points A, B & C then: (A) centroid of tria ngle ABC is . . A +J} + C !/r a b+c A T + j + kj J. * (B) i + j + k is equally inclined to
the three vectors (C) perpendicular from th e origin to the plane of triangle AB
C meet at centroid (D) triangle ABC is an eq uilateral triangle. Q.42 The vector
s a , b , c are ofthe same length & pairwise form equal angles. If a = i + j & b
= j + k, the pv's of c can be : (A,0,0,,) Q.43 .(B)(-i,i,-i) (C)Q,-fij <D)(4.H
Which of the following locii of z on the complex plane represents a pair of stra
ight lines? (A) Rez 2 = 0 (B) Imz 2 = 0 (C)|z|+z =0 (D) | z - 1 | = I z - i | I
f a , b , c & d are linearly independent set of vectors & K; a + K2 b + K3 c + K
4 d =0 then: (A) K, + K2 + K3 + K4 = 0 (B) K, + K3 = K2 + K4 = 0 (C) K, + K4 = K
2 + K3 = 0 (D) none of these Ifa , b , c &d are the pv's of the points A, B, C &
D respectively in three dimensional space & satisfy the relation3a - 2 b + c 2 d=0, then: (A) A, B, C & D are coplanar (B) the line joining the points B & D
di vides the line joining the point A & C in the ratio 2:1. (C) the line joining
th e points A & C divides the line joining the points B & D in the ratio 1:1 (D
) th e four vectors a , b , c & d are linearly dependent
Q.44 Q.45 Q.46 If z3 - i z2 - 2 i z - 2 = 0 then z can be equal to : (A) 1 - i (

B) i (C) 1 + i (D) - 1 - i feBansal Classes Q. B. on Vector, 3D & Complex No. &
Misc. [2]
Q.47 If a & b are two non collinear unit vectors & a , b, x a - y b form a trian
gle, then: (A) x = - 1 ; y = 1 & 2 cos a_b v 2 j x = - 1 ; y = 1 & cos a b + 1I
a + b I cos i,-(a + b) k / f A > a b f A I =-2 cot 2 COS (aAb^ v 2 &x = - l , y
= 1 (D)none y Q.48 The lines with vector equations are; r, = -3i + 6j + A (-4 i
+ 3 j + 2 kj a nd , r2 =-2i + 7j + p. [~4i + j + kj are such that: (A) they are
coplanar (C) th ey are skew Q.49 (B) they do not intersect (D) the angle betwee
n them is tan"1 ( 3/7) Given a, b, x, y + ib) (x + iy)-1 = 1 (C) (a + ib) + ix |
a - ib| = e R then which of the following statement(s) hold good? (A) (a = a - i
b =>x2 + y 2 = l (B) (1ix) (1 + ix)"1 = a - ib ^ a2 + b2 (a - ib)-1 = x - iy => |
x + iy| = 1 (D) (y - ix) (a + ib)"1 = y 1
Q.50 The acute angle that the vector 2i - 2j + k makes with the plane contained
by the two vectors 2i + 3 j - k and i - j + 2k is given by: (A) cos"1 Q.51 (B) s
iff (C)tan-'(V2) (D)cot"1(V2) The volume of a right triangular prism ABCA, B ,C
j is equal to 3. If the positio n vectors of the vertices of the base ABC are A(
1,0,1); B(2,0,0) and C(0,1,0) t he position vectors of the vertex Aj can be: (A
) (2,2,2) (B) (0,2,0) (C) (0,-2, 2) (D) (0,-2,0) I f x i= C i S (/ / 1 for 1 < r
< n r, n e N then: V I for I? / R e F K = - 1 1 y / ' n Q.52 (B) Limit Re f" > r
u Vr- 1 ( ^
= 0 Im n * r | V= l y .r (D) L* Im r i M = 0 \r = 1 / feBansal Classes Q. B. on V

ector, 3D & Complex No. & Misc. [2]
A /A. ^ Q.53 Ifa line has a vector equation, r = 2i + 6j + X i - 3j) then which
of the f ollowing statements holds good? (A) the line is parallel to 2 i + 6 j (
C) the li ne passes through the point i + 9 j (B) the line passes through the po
int 3 i + 3 j (D) the line is parallel to xy plane Q.54 If a , b, c are non-zero
, non-collinear vectors such that a vector p = ab c os^rc - (a A bjj c and a vec
tor q = ac cos [ft - (a (A) parallel to a (C) coplan ar with b & c A cjj b then
p + q is (B) perpendicular to a (D) coplanar with a and c + z Q. 5 5 The greates
t value ofthe modulus of of the complex number ' z' satisfying the equality z' (
A) SUBJECTIVE: Q.l (B) (C) I ^ H (D) = 1 is Let a = V 3 i - j and b = - i + j an
d x = a + (q 2 -3)b, y = - p a + qb-If x l y , then express;? as a function of q
, say p =f(g), (pÔ&qÔ) and find the interv als of monotonicity of /(q). /nx ex
- 1 Using only the limit theorems Lim = 1 an d Lim = 1. EvaluateT 6 1 7 x->o x
x->i x - 1 x -x 7 77. /nx-x + 1 Q.2 v Q.3 The three vectors a - 4 i - 2 j + k ;
b - 2i - j - k and c = 2 i + k are all dra wn from the point with p.v. i - j . F
ind the equation of the plane containing th eir end point in scalar dot product
form. Q.4 Q.5 jV(cos 2n-1 x - cos2n+1 x) dx where n e N Let points P, Q & R have
position vect ors, ij = 3i 2j k; r2 = i + 3j + 4k & r3 = 2i+j-2k respectively,
relative to an origin O. Find the distance of Pfromthe plane OQR. 3 Q.6 Evaluate
: f| (x - l)(x - 2)(x - 3) |dx 1 Q.7 Given that vectors A, B,C form a triangle s
uch that A = B + C ,finda,b,c,d such that the area of the triangle is 5-^6 where
A = ai + bj + ck; B = di + 3j + 4k & C =3i + j - 2k. feBansal Classes Q. B. on
Vector, 3D & Complex No. & Misc.
[2]
k+1 Q.8 n k+1 Lim n V f f x - i l f -x dx n J k=o k W n ;V n n n-1 Q.9 Find the d

istance ofthe point P(i + j + k) from the plane L which passes through the three
points A(2i + j + k), B(i + 2j + k), C(i + j + 2k). Also find the pv of the foo
t of the perpendicular from P on the plane L. Vsin4 x + cos4 x dx smxc os x r~rV
sm 4x + cosr x v sir dx , x Q.IO Evaluate: (a) J : sm xcosx Q.ll H \ 1 j Find th
e equation ofthe straight line which passes through the point with positi on vec
tor a, meets the line ?=b + tc and is parallel to the plane r. ii = 1.
dx Q.12 Integrate: f- 3 cos x - s i n 3 x Q.13 Find the equation of the line pass
ing through the point (1,4,3) which is perpendicular to both of the lines x-1 y
+ 3 z-2 x+2 y-4 z+1 _ = : = : and - = = 2 1 4 3 2 -2 Alsofindall points on this l
e of whose distance from (1,4,3) is 357. \2 +n-l Q.14 Lim n-co + n -1 n Q.15 If z
-axis be vertical, find the equation of the line of greatest slope thro ugh the
point (2, -1,0) on the plane 2x + 3y - 4z = 1. tc/2 k/2 f cosx f sinx , Q.16 Let
I = J f dx and J = j d x , where a> 0 and b> 0. 0 acosx + bsinx 0 acosx + bsinx
Compute the values of I and J. feBansal Classes Q. B. on Vector, 3D & Complex N
o. & Misc. [2]
[oil Q.l Q.8 Q.15 Q.22 Q.29 Q.36 B A B A D C Q.2 Q.9 Q.16 Q.23 Q.30 Q.37 B A D D
B A jsijtf y 'Otf xajdtuoj y (j Uops/i uo 7/ Q sdssvjj psuvfj^ Select the correct
alternative : (Only one is correct) Q.3 Q.10 Q.17 Q.24 Q.31 Q .38 C B D B D C Q
.4 Q.ll Q.l 8 Q.25 Q.32 Q.39 A A D B A B Q.5 Q.12 Q.19 Q.26 Q.3 3 Q.40 D A A C B
A Q.6 Q.13 Q.20 Q.27 Q.34 A A D B C Q.7 Q.14 Q.21 Q.28 Q.35 B B B A A Select th
e correct alternatives : (More than one are correct) Q.41 A,B,C,D Q.45 Q.49 Q.53
A,C,D A,B,C,D B,C,D Q.42 Q.46 Q.50 Q.54 A,D B,C,D B,D B,C Q.43 A,B Q.4 7 Q.51 Q
.55 A,B A,D B,D Q.44 Q.48 Q.52 A,B,C B,C,D A,D SUBJECTIVE: Q.l Q.2 Q.5 Q.8 _ q(q
3-3) ,decreasing in q e (-1, 1), q 0 * Q.3 Q.6 Q 9 - 2 (2i + 2 j - k ) . r = 3 1
/2 '4 4 4X T P v3'3'3y Q.4 Q.7 3 units n 2n +1 (-8,4, 2,-11) or (8, 4, 2, 5) 8 '
Q.10 (a) 1m V t C i - i (b) s 2 4 ' z where t = corx; Vt + l + l ( 1. i r + 1 1 + -/n + C, where t = tan2x 2 4 Vt +1-4-1 Q.ll r = a+A ( i - b ) - ^ c ' . c.n
In
Q.12 2 [tan_1(sinx + cosx) + x1 y-4 -10 2V2 V2+ si x +cosx sin +C A/2 - sin x - co
s x Q.14 e" 1 bn Q.13 Q.15 16 z-3 , ; (-9, 20, 4); (11, -12,2) 1 z 13 Q.16 2 x-2
y+i 12 1 an + b/n a 2 a +b v /y V3MSNV -a/n v a yy A 3)1
KEY CONCEPTS THINGS T o REMEMBER : L LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER : The logarithm of th

e number N to the base 'a' is the exp onent indicating the power to which the ba
se 'a' must be raised to obtain the nu mber N. This number is designated as loga
N. Hence: log N = x < > a = N = x REMEMBER log, 0 2 = 0.3010 logI03 = 0.47 71 In
2 = 0.693 ,a>0,a*l&N>0 In 10 = 2.303 If a= 10, then we write logb rather than l
og10b . If a = e, we wri te In b rather than loge b . The existence and uniquene
ss of the number logaN fo llows from the properties of an experimental functions
. From the definition of the logarithm of the number N to the base 'a', we have
an identity: a log a N =N a>0 , a*1 & N>0 IDENTITY . This is known as the FUNDA
MENTAL LOGARITHMIC N O T E :log a l=0 (a>0 , a * l ) l og a a=l ( a > 0 , a*l)an
d log1/aa = - l (a > 0 , a * 1) 2. THE PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS : Let
M & N are arbitrary posiitive numbe rs, a > 0 , a ^ l , b > 0 , b ^ l and a is a
ny real number then ; loga(M/N) = lo gaM - logaN (ii) C O loga (M. N) = loga M +
logaN (iii) log M a = a . log M logb a. logab = I o logba=T/logab. = (iv) log.M
log M log b x NOTE: Y y log.a. log b. log c = 1 y eIn a y logv x. log7 y.' loga
z = logx. z>y oz^ " oa a 3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) M (vi) PROPERTIES OF MONOTONOCIT
Y OF LOGARITHM : For a> 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & lo g a x< logay are equival
ent. For 0 < a < l the inequality 0 < x < y & log a x>lo g a y are equivalent. =
> 0 < x < ap If a > 1 then loga x 1 then logax > p If 0 < a < 1 then
log a x p => => x > ap x > ap 0 < x < ap NOTETHAT:
y
If the number & the base are on one side ofthe unity, then the logarithm is posi
tive; If the number & the base are on different sides of unity, then the logari
t hm is negative. The base of the logarithm 'a' must not equal unity otherwise n
um bers not equal to unity will not have a logarithm & any number will be the lo
gar ithm of unity. y For a non negative number 'a' & n > 2, n e N Va = a1/n. Ban
sal Classes Logarithm [2]
EXERCISE-I \ / / 1, Q.l J Show that : 0.2 v Q.3 2. log(8/45) + 3 . log(25/8)-4.l

og(5/6) = log2. log N Prove that - = 1 + log b & indicate the H permissible values
ofthe letters. l oti , N (a\f (b) Given: log1034.56= 1.5386, find log103.456 ; l
og100.3456 & log1 00.003456. Find the number of positive integers which have the
characteristic 3, when the base ofthe logarithm is 7. (b) 615 & (c) the number
ofzeros after the decimal in 3-100. Q.4y Q.5 J If log102 = 0.3010, logI03 = 0.47
71. Find the number of integers in : (a) 5200 If log102 = 0.3010 & log]03 = 0.4
771, find the value of log10(2.25). Q.67 Find the antilogarithm of 0.75, i f the
base of the logarithm is 2401. Solv e for x : Q.7J Q.8 Q.9 Q.10 Q.ll (a)jlf log
10 (x 2 - 12x + 36) = 2 Simplify: 1. (a) l o g ^ f o . ^ T ^ (b) 9 1+1 s x -3 1+
, s x -210 = 0 ; where base of log is 3 . log 7 7 b(logbN) 'ga Jj V A V (b) a Solve
for x : (a) If log4 log3 log2 x = 0 Which is smaller? 2 or (logn2 + log27i ). ^
j Prove that logjS is irrational. )og 4 lo8 9 log S3 (b) If log, log4 log5 x =
0 Q.12 If. 4 ^ +9 3 =10 " , then find x. V Q.13 Find a rational number which is
50 times its own logarithm to the base 10. Q.14 Q.15 Calculate: (a) Q.l 6 Q.17 8
1 (a^ j ^ ^ -J [ v 7 - 5 ^ . _ (b) Simplify the following : (b) 5 , 0 8 - y + l
o g y 4
2 / :+log,, 1/2 v 7+V3 10+2V2T ' Show that logic =20, where the base of log is 1
0. If loge log, [v'2x~- 2 + 3] = 0, then find the value of x. Q.l 8 Express log4
a + log s (a) ,/3 + [l/loga8] as a logarithm to the base 2. Q. 19 Find the value
of Q.20 + 5~ logs4 . Given that log23 : a , log35 = b, log72 = c, express the l
ogarithm ofthe number 63 to the base 140 in terms of 3, b & c. QBansal Classes L
ogarithm [3]
Q.21 Prove that log, 24 log., 192 =3. Q.22 Prove that ax - b>' = 0 where x = ôg
^b & y = / l o b a , a > 0 , b > 0 & a , b * 1. log N.log N.log^N Q.23 Prove the
identity : logaN . loghN + logbN . lo gcN + logcN . Iog,IN= ~T7 8 abc Q.24 log ]
0 (x-3) _ 1 (a) S o l v e f o r x , l o g J x 2 _ 2 1 ) - 2 (b) log(logx) + log
(log x 3 -2) = 0 ; where base of log is 10 everywhere. (c) logx2 . log2x2 = log4
x2 (d) 5logx + 5 x'e5 = 3 (a > 0) ; where base of log is a. Q.25 Solve the system
of equations: log a x loga(xyz) = 48 log. y log. (xyz) = 12 , a > 0, a * 1. log
'z loga(xyz) = 84 d EXERCISE-II Note : From Q.l to Q.9, solve the equation for x
: Q.l Q.3 log ]0 [3 + 2.1og10(l +x)] = 0. XIOGX+4 = Q.2 Q.4 (1 /12) (log,0x)2 =
(1 /3)-(1 /4) (log,0x) logx+1 (x2 + x - 6)2 = 4 iogarithm 22, where base of log
arithm is 2. Q.5 Q.6 x+log 10 (l+2 x ) = x.log 10 5 + log106. 5iogx_3iogx-i ^3io
gx+i _5iogx-i; __ l + log 2 (x-4) where the base of is 10 Q 7 ' log (VTTs-î) =
1 Q.8 Q.9 log5120 + (x-3) - 2. log, (1 -5X"3) = -log5(0.2-5X"4) 1N . + log 3 = l
og ( ^ + 2 7). log 4 + 2x '
Q. 10 Prove that log710 is greater than log, ,13. Q.ll Q.12 Q.14 Q.15 If ^ U ^ g
b . b i i , b-c c-a a-b s h Q w t h a t aa bb Cc=1 If a = log1218 & b = log2454
then find the value of ab + 5(a-b). If p = logabc, q = logbca, r = logeab, then
prove that pqr = p + q + r + 2. If logba. logca + l ogab. logcb + logac. logb c
= 3 (Where a, b, c are different positive real numbe rs * 1), then find the val
ue of abc. Q.13 If x = 1 + logabc, y = 1 + logbca, z = 1 + logcab, then prove th
at xyz = xy + yz + zx. 43Bansal Classes Logarithm [4]
Q. 16 Given a2 + b2 = c2 & a > 0 ; b > 0 ; c > 0 , c - b * l , c + b * l . Prove

that: logc+ba + logc_ba = 2. log c+b a. logc.ba. Q.17 If loga log c N N_ lo g l
l logbN-logcN N - logfcN where n >o & N 1, a,b,c> 0 & not equal to 1, then prove
that b2 = ac. Q. 18 Find all the s o l u t i o n s of the e q u a t i o n Q.19
Q.20 Q.21 Q.22 1x | ~ (log m'8 x f - l o g x 2 , where base of logarithm is 10. S
olve the system ofthe equations (ax)loga = (by)logb; b,ogx = a's-v where a > 0, b
> 0 and a*b,ab*l. Solve the system ofthe equations log9(x2 + l) r log 3 (y-2) =
0and log 2 (x 2 -2y 2 + 1 0 y - 7 ) = 2. Find x satisfying the equation log' S
olve : log-(Vx + V x - 1 ) = log9 M 4 +log 2 V X+4 2 log" 1 x 1 Vx-1 ) 2 2 a r V
log b Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 Prove that : 2 Solve for x: log 2 (4-x) + log (4-x) . log i
f b>a>l if l<b<a 0. ~J 2 log2! x If P is the number of integers whose logarithms
to the base 10 have the characte ristic p , and Q the number of integers the log
arithms of whose reciprocals to t he base 10 have the characteristic - q, then c
ompute the value of log!0 P - log1 0Q in terms of p and q. EXERCISE-TII Q.l Solv
e the following equations for x & y : log 1 0 y-log 1 0 lxblog 1 0 0 4. Q.2 Find
all real numbers x which satisfy the equation, 21og 2 log 2 x + log ]/2 log 2 (
2V2x)= 1. Q.3 Q.4 log3/4log8 (x2 + 7) + log1/2 log1/4 (v + 7)"1 = - 2. N umber o
f solutions of log 4 (x- 1) = lug 2 (x-3) is (A) 3 (B)l (C) 2 " (D) 0 [ R EE '99
, 6 ] [REE 2000, 5 out of 100] [JEE 2001 (screening)] logi001 x+y | 2 [REE'96,6]
' feBansal Classes Logarithm 1w I [5]
iEM JPll ANSWER EXERCISE-I Q 2. a > 0 , a * l , N > 0 , N * l , b > 0 , b * l /

a Q 3. (a ) 0.5386 ; 1.5386 ; 3.5386 (b) 2058 Q 5. 0.3522 Q7. (a) x = 16 or x =
- 4 (b) x = 5 Q 9. (a) 8 (b) 625 Q 12. x = 10 Q 14. (a) 0 (b) Q 17. x = 3 Q19. 2
5 9 KEY Q 4. (a) 140 (b) 12 (c) 47 Q 6. 343 Q 8 . ( a ) - 1 (b) logbN Q 10. 2 Q
13. N = 100 Q 15.(a) 1 (b) 6 2 Q 18. .log, a 18 Q 20. 2c + a b c + 1 (d) x = 2"l
osa where base of log is 5 1 + 2ac Q 24. (a) x = 5 (b) x = 10 (c) x = 2 r i or Q
25. J_ l_ J_ 4 ' a 'a 7 J Va (a4, a, a 7 ) EXERCISE-II Q l . x = -0.9 Q 4. x =
1 Q 7. x = 5 Q12. 1 Q 19. x = a & y = b Q 2. Q 5. x = 10 or 10~4 Q3. x = 2 or ^
. 32 x 1 Q
6. x = 100 Q 8. x = 1 Q 15. Q 20. abc = 1 Q 9. x s (j) 1, ; y = 4 Q 18. x = 2 or

or 1000 ; y = 4 x V3 or x = S Q 21. x = V2 or V 6 Q.25 p - q Q22. [0, 1] u {4}
EXERCISE-III Q.l {-10,20}, {10/3,20/3} Q.2 x = 8 Q.3 x 3 or - 3 Q.4 B 43Bansal C
lasses Logarithm [6]
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ALL) LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DIF
FERENTIABILITY W- OF FUNCTION LIMIT KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I.. EXERCISE-II EXERCIS
E-III KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXERCIS E-II EXERCISE-III . Page -2 Page -3 Page -4
Page -6 Page-7 Page -9 Page -13 Page -16 Page Page Page Page -17 -18 -20 -23 CO
NTINUITY DIFFERENTIABILITY KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I..., EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III A
NSWER KEY Page25 -27
KEY CONCEPTS (LIMIT) THINGS T O REMEMBER : 1. 2. Limit of a function f(x) is sai

d to exist as, x>a when Limit f j - ) = Limit ^ = finite qua ntity. FUNDAMENTAL T
HEOREMS O N L I M A ' S : Let Lx11 f (x) = I & ^ 0) (iii) (iv) (v) L t g (x) = m.
If / & m exists then: ^ f ( x ) g ( x ) = /m (ii) Limit f(x) g(x) = /.m f Cx) g
Limit ^ = - , provided m * 0 k f(x) = k f(x) ; where k is a constant. L-it f [g(
x)j = ffLimit g(x)] = f(m); provided fis continuous at g (x) = m. For example /n
(f(x) = /n Limit f (x) /n/(/>0). x-a i = Limit 1 Limit t a n - ' X SUT'X 3. STAND
ARD LIMITS : Limit V"/ ,o) x->0 s m x = X x->0 X = x-0 = L i m i t x> 0 [ Where x
is measured in radians ] (b) Limit (1 + x)1/x = e = Limit and ( note Limit howev
er there h- o (1 - h ) n = 0 , Limit (1 + h ) n - oo
,. (c) If Limit f(x) = 1 and Limit [ f ( X ) f 0 0 = e x a < (x) = oo, then; > |
+(x)[f(x)-i] (d) If Limit L = A > 0 & Limit < ( X ) = B ( a f in i te quantity)
then > | ; (e) m v 2 L !t BlnA j =A B x > [f( x VJ x > x5? I. V )] = e where z =
x->a < (x). ln[f(x) ] = e a x 1 T * ..." j o^ . Limit = In a (a >0). In particula
r Limit _ J = i ~ Limit x-a 4. SQUEEZE PLAY THEOREM : If f(x) < g(x) < h(x) V x
& Lmt f(x) = / = Limit h ( x ) then Ljmit g(x) = /. 5. INDETERMINANT FORMS : - ,
, Oxoo , 0, 00 , oo-oo and l00 0 0 0 Note : (i) We cannot plot oo on the paper . I
nfinity (oo) is a symbol & not a number. It does not obey the laws of element ry
algebra. (ii) oo + oo = oo (iii) o o x o o = oo (iv) (a/00) = 0 if a is finit e
(v) (vi) ^ is not defined, if a 0. ab = 0,if&onlyifa = 0orb = 0 and a & b are f
inite. Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [5] ^<BansalClasses
6. (a) <b) (c) (d) The following strategies should be born in mind for evaluatin
g the limits: Facto risation Rationalisation or double rationalisation Use of tr
igonometric transfor mation ; appropriate substitution and using standard limits
Expansion offunction like Binomial expansion, exponential & logarithmic expansi
on, expansion of sinx , cosx, tanx should be remembered by heart & are given bel
ow: (i) ax =1 + + w 1! xlna x 2 ln2a 2! x3 ln3a 3! .a >0 (ii) ex =1++++., v ' 1! 2!
3! 3 5 7 (iii) In (1+x) = (V) cosx=l v + 2 for-l<x<l 6 (iv) sinx=x v ' ' 3! + 5!
7! 2x5 15 + / \ ^ X ' 2! + X X
4 X 4! 3 6! 5 + X 7 (vi) tanx= x+++.. v + i2 o2 c2 >'v , x 5x 61x (ix) sec"1x = l++-+

^ x3 3 / (vii) * -1 v 7 tan'x=x 3 +X 5 7 (vm) sin *x= x+x3+ , .... . , V 3 12.32
51 lz.3'.5" 7 -x +x +.. 3! 7! 2 4 2! 4! 6! EXERCISE-I Q/ Lim Vx-1 2 Lim x -x.ln
x +lnx - 1 X->1 x1 r Lim x>1v i - x p Q/7. ^ X ) 06) _ i-x ; -i a q Tjm
2-v/x + 3x1/3 + 5x1/5 x X 6 ' Lim 1 - 2 cos x 1 +A/tanx Lim tan where a eR ^ Plo
t the graph ofthe function f(x) = Lim tan - r vn t y "100 s * k -100 _K=1 . L im
x-l X1 tanx-sinx as x>0 and whose common ratio is the limit ofthe function sin x 1
-Vx "(cos-1 x)2 as x Find the sum of an infinite geometric series whosefirstter
m is the limit of the function f(x)= g(x) ^10. .^HL >bey the x L (U se f series e
xpansion or L' Hospital's rule is not allowed.) e' + e"1 L^m ( x _ / n cogh x )
w here cosh t : Lim Lim 1 ~ t a n x cos-1 [cot x] where [] denotes greatest inte
ger function ^ Q 12. x_>| ~ ^ s i n x sec 4x-sec 2x sec3x-secx -COSX 1 0 1 x(x-f
) Lim [/n (1 + sin2x). cot In2 (1 + x)] x>0 i 0 - > f Lim V2 - cos 0 - sin 0 (49
7i)2 16. Lim f [2] ^Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Fun
ctions [31
OT17. If Lim a sinx-sin 2x . -sr-^n * _ tan 3x_ n 1S 15. finite t h e n f m d t

h y a l u e Lim A 1-cos X x->0 x8 2 ..2 cos + coscos 4 2 4 X2 2 X X2 , & ^ limit Lf
oocL' y f Lim (ln(l + x) - ln2)(3.4x~1 - 3x) x-^1 [ ( 7 + x ) l_ ( 1 + 3x )i]. s
m ( x _l) + f, Using Sandwich theorem to evaluate 1 1 ^TT + J 2 + j + 2+ Vn 2 +2
n jt 1 021. Givenf(x)= Lim tan"1 (nx); g(x) = Lim s in 2n xandsin(h(x))=-[cos7t(
g( x))+cos(2f(x))] Find the domain and range ofh (x). Lim ->/l-V sin2x 7C-4x ^24
. L im (cosa) x + (sin a ) x - 1 X>2 x-2 and 0^25. g(x) = x+3, 2 T im (x3 +27)In
(x- 2) x2 - 9 T im 27*-9*-3*^1 x->0 7 2 - V l + cosx 1 / 0 2 6 . Let'f(x) = - r
, x > 0 sinx =2-x, x<0 x <1 =x -2x-2, l<x<2 x >2 =x-5. find LHL and RHL of g( f
(x)) at x = 0 and hence find Lim g( f (x)). x-0 1 1 n Q 27. Let P = a "" - 1 , V
n = 2, 3, Lim ^ 2 8 . X-^-W Lj Q.29 (3x + 2x )sinL+| x | +5 |x|3+|x|2+|x|+l 4 2
3 and Let P, = a - 1 where a e R+ then evaluate Lim x->0 X x If f(x) = /ncosec (
xn) 0<X<1 = /nsin(2x7i) l<x<3/2 1 1 find tan- (g(l~)) and sec
" (g(l + )). ^ 2f(x)+l g( ) 3 f ( x ) + 1 x = then , At the end-points and the m

idpoint of a circular arc AB tangent lines are drawn, and the points^ are joined
with a chord. Prove that the ratio ofthe areas of th e two triangles thus forme
d tends to arc AB decreases indefinitely. EXERCISE-II ^ L JjS 2x2 + 3 2x2 +5 sm'
8x +3 2 X +c =4 thenfindc , 02. Lim Vx- c ,21 (1+x1 f \l/x Tt 2-bx V^ n 2-axJ '
x ^ .l + x; aeR 5 Lim x sin n jcos tan-* / 71 X -V Lim x-^00 cos 271 tan
7tX f\ q Lim ^ x - l + cosx^ t-/V x-0 ^<BansalClasses x ,t Lim a, + a,* +a, + +ar
x->co 1 \nx where aj,83,83, V Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Function
s [5]
L 2 W. Letf(x)= sm " 1(1 . {x}) c S 1(1 {x}) thenfindx x j f(x) and ^ / V2{x} .
(l-{x part function. f(x), where {x} denotes the fractional Find the values of a,
b & c so that Lim x->0 2n ) ))] Lim tan 2 x-x 2 x2tan2x Q p . Lim [1.x ]+ [2.x
]+ [3.x ] + f aeX a 2 +x 2 - 2 sin ax U J ~ b cos x + ce" = 2 ~ x. sin x N ^ TlX
^ sin U J y where a is an odd integer T im X n f ( x ) + g ( x ) n>0 x n +l xsR
integer function. +[n.x] ^ where ^ denotes the greatest Q 16. Without using seri
es expansion or LHospital's rule evaluate, Lim x>1 1 x "f" /n x 1 + COS71X exp(xl
n(l + LimitX->< j -expfxln(l + Q 18. If sn be the sum of n terms of the series, s
in x + sin 2x + sin 3x + Limit s i + s 2 + Q 19. ^ 2 + sin nx then show that n 1
+x \l+x in (1 + x) X + sn = 1 1 X cpt |
(x;2k7t)kGl) 23 -1 33 - 1 43 -1 5 ^ 0 i. Let P = n 2 + 1 3+1 4 + 1 n3-l .Evaluate

Lim p n >o o n 3 +l 7T Q 21. A circular arc of radius 1 subtends an angle ofx rad
ians, 0 < x < as shown in itsAandB to 4 as the thefigure.The point C is the inte
rsection of the two ta ngent lines at A& B. Let T(x) be the area of triangle ABC
& let S(x) be the area of the shaded region. Compute: (b) S(x) -|l/x & (c) the
limit of j I = yx + yx + Vx & S(x) as x -> 0. 0 fljk ^ ' Lim ^x + Vx+Vx -Vx L If
f(n, 9 ) = n ^ " t a n 2 ^ r j , then compute Lim / ( n , 6) Q 24. Let/=Lim e x
- a .2 & m = Lim x-a ax - xa where a > 0. If / = m thenfindthe value of ' a'. xa e'+e" 1 2 Lim 2 (t anx - sinx) - x3 x 11 x - f Q 2 y Lim >0 ^ V cosh cos X 7t wh
ere cosh t =
XJ <Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [5]
f[ Q 27^ Through a point A on a circle, a chord AP is drawn & on the tangent at

A a point T is taken such t ^ AT = AP. If TP produced meet the diameter through
Aat Q, prove that the limiting value ofAQ whe moves upto Ais double the diameter
of the circle. J^f28. Using Sandwich theorem, evaluate v* n 1 2 2 + ^2 + n2 +.*
. -*= 1 + n^ n 2 + ^n + n2 ' im w (b) Ln^00 a n + b n ) n , 0 < a < b (v ' Lim (i
i) X--00 x+ l -ax-b 2 Lim x +l - a x - b = 0 ^ j Q 29. Find a & b if :Ji) X-00 X +
l Q30. Showthat Lim (sm(x + h))x + h \x + h (sinxf =(sinx)X[xcotx + /nsinx] EXE
RCISE-III l + 5x2 _l + 3x A ^ Lim l [ IIT'96,1 ] [ IIT '98, 2 ] j]-cos2(x-l) X-^
l x-l (B) exits and it equals - ^2 (A) exits and it equals ^2 (C ) does not exis
t because x - 1 - 0 (D) does not exist because left hand limit is not equal to ri
ght hand limit, j j m xtan2x - 2xtanx (1 - cos2x)2 (A) 2 1S : [JEE'99, 2 (out of
200)] (B)-2 (C)I [JEE2000, Screening] (C)e(D)e5 [JEE2001, Screening] ^4 rx - 3 F
o r x e R , Lim vx + 2j (B)e-' (A)e Lim x-0 sin(7tcos2x) 2 equals (B) % ^tanx _ gS
inx (A)-71 0.6 JQ. 7 (Of (D)l [REE 2001,3 out of 100] ^ v/ Evaluate Lim , a > 0.
x->o tanx-sinx ^cos x lVcos X The integer n for which Lim
& n x ^ is afinitenon-zero number is (D)4 [JEE 2002 (screening), 3 ] (A)l , 0f8

If Lim x-0 sin nx (B)2 ( )[(a-n)nx~tanx] (B) n +1 2 = 0 (C)3 ( n >0) then the val
ue of'a'is equal to (A)i n (C) 1 n 2 +1 n (D) None [JEE 2003 (screening)] Find t
he value of Lhn (n + l)cos f - 1 - n 7t ^<BansalClasses [JEE'2004, 2 out of 60] L
imits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [5]
ikensuchtl ofAQ wher KEY CONCEPTS THINGS T O REMEMBER : _ _ , v (CONTINUITY) 7 i

l 1. A function f(x) is said to be continuous at x = c, if Limit f(x) = f(c). Sy
mboli cally x>c 2. (i) fis continuous at x - c if Limit f(c-h)=Limit f(c+h) = f(c
). h > 0 * h-0 i.e. LHL at x = c = RHL at x = c equals Value of ' f at x = c. It s
hould be noted that co ntinuity of a function at x=a is meaningful only if the f
unction is defined in t he immediate neighbourhood of x=a, not necessarily atx=a
. Reasons of discontinui ty: Limit f(x) does not exist x->c ; 2\~ 1 i.e. Limit f
(x) ^ Limit f(x) x-c x->c + ,1] 5,2] (ii) (iii) f(x) is not defined at x= c Limit
f(x)*f(c) x-c 0 rf 3 4 Geometrically, the graph ofthe function will exhibit a br
eak at x= c. The graph as shown is discontinuous atx = 1, 2 and3. 3. Types of Di
scontinuities: Type -1; (Removable type of discontinuities) In case Limit f(x) e
xists but is not equal to f(c) then the functionis said to have a removable disc
ontinuity or discontinu ity of the first kind. In this case we can redefine the
function such that Limit f(x) = f(c) & X-K; : of200) ]
make it continuous at x= c. Removable type of discontinuity can be further class

ified as : :ening] (a) M I S S I N G P O I N T DISCONTINUITY : Where Limit f(x)
exists finitely but f(a) is not defined. x-a n xlf9 x ^ e.g. f(x) = -Ji_L has a mis
sing point discontinuity at x = 1, and (1-x) discontinuity at x = 0 (b) ISOLATED
POINT DISCONTINUITY sinx fix)= has a missing point x ening] : Where Limit f(x)
exists & f(a) also exists but; Limit * f(a). x->a x it of 100] e x 2 -.16 -g- f (
) , x 4 & f (4) = 9 has an isolated point discontinuity at x = 4. x = 0 if x e
l Similarly f(x) = [x] + [-x] = has an isolated point discontinuity at all x e I
. L - l if x e I ning), 3] Type-2: (Non - Removable type of discontinui ties) In
case Limit f(x) does not exist then it is not possible to make the func tion co
ntinuous by redefining it. x>c ning)] it of 60] (a) Such discontinuities are know
n as non - removable discontinuity or discontinuity of the 2nd kind. Non-removab
le type of discontinuity can be further classified as: , 1 1 Finite discontinuit
y e.g. f(x) = x - [x] at all integral x; f(x) =tan at x = 0 and f(x) = at x = 0
( note that f(0+) = 0 ; f(0") = 1) 1+2* ^<BansalClasses Limits, continuity & Diff
erentiability of Functions [5]
rn (b) tanx Infinite discontinuity e.g. f(x) = or g(x) = at x - and f(x) 2 at x =

4; f(x ) = 2 (x-4) x-4 atx = 0. 7t COSX CL ; x d) (c) e) Oscillatory discontinu
ity e.g. f(x) = sin J- atx=0. x In all these cases the value off(a) of the funct
ion at x= a (point of discontinuity) may or may not exi st but Limit does not ex
ist. x-a y? a) b) i) x 1 2 Nature of discontinuity Note: From the adjacent graph
note that - fis continuous at x = - 1 - f has isol ated discontinuity at x = 1 f has missing point discontinuity at x = 2 - f has non removable (finite type)
discontinuity at the origin. ) In case of dis-continuity of the second kind the n
on-negative difference between the value ofthe RHL at X=c & LHL at X = c is call
ed THE JUMP O F DISCONTINUITY. A function having afini tenumber of jumps in a gi
ven interval I is called a PIECE WISE interval. 5. CONTINUOUS or SECTIONALLY CON
TINUOUS function in this i) All Polynomials, Trigonometrical functions, exponent
ial & Logarithmic functions are continuous in their ) domains. I. If f & g are tw
o functions that are continu ous at x= c then the functions defined by: FJ (x) =
f(x) g(x) ; F2(X) = K f(x), K any real number ; F3(x) = f(x).g(x) are also cont
inuous at x= c. Further, if g (c) is not zero, then F4(x) = f(x) 6. is also cont
inuous at x=c. 7. The intermediate value theorem: Supposefix)is continuous on an
interval I, and a and b are any two points ofI. Then ify0 is a number between f
(a) and f(b), thei r exists a number c between a and b such that f(c)=y0The func
tion f, being conti nuous on [a,b) takes on every value between f(a) and fib)
NOTE VERY CAREFULLY THAT : (a) If f(x) is continuous & g(x) is discontinuous at
x = a then the product function <j>(x) = f(x) g(x) is not necessarily be discont
inuous at x = a. e.g. V2 sinf x * 0 f(x) = x&g(x) = 0 x= 0 Iff(x) and g(x) both
are discontinuous at x=a then t he product function <|)(x)=f(x)- g(x) is not nec
essarily be discontinuous atx= a . e.g. f(x) = -g(x) = 1 -1 x> 0 x< 0 Limits, co
ntinuity & Differentiability of F unctions [5] (b) ^<BansalClasses
f(x) = cosx c) Point functions are to be treated as discontinuous, eg. f(x) = ^J

1 - x + -^x-1 i s not continuous at x = 1. il A Continuous function whose domain
is closed must have a range also in closed interval. If fis continuous at x = c
& g is continuo us at x=f(c) then the composite g[f(x)] is continuous at x = c.
eg.fix)= xsinx xsinx will also & g(x) = I x I are continuous at x = 0 , hence t
he composi te (gof) (x) = 2 2 x +2 x +2 <0 not exist but be continuous at x = 0.
CONTINUITY IN A N INTERVAL : a) b) i) :) "0 ftheRHLat ber of jumps iction in thi
s,.. J) IUOUS in their!") A function fis said to be continuous in (a, b) if fis
continuous at each & every point e(a, b). A function fis said to be continuous i
n a closed interval [a, b] if: f is continuous in the open interval (a, b) & f i
s right continuous at' a' i. e. fis left continuous at 'b' i.e. f(x)=f(a) = afin
itequantity. f(x) = f(b) = afinitequantity. Note that a function fwhich is conti
nuous in[a, b] possesses the erties: If f(a) & f(b) possess opposite signs, then
there exists lution ofthe equation f(x) = 0 in the open interval (a, b). If K b
er between f(a) & f(b), then there exists at least one solution f(x) = K in the
open inetrval (a, b). SINGLE POINT CONTINUITY: Dntinuous at Functions which are
continuous only at one point are said to exhibit single poin t continuity e.g. f
(x) =f x i f x e Q and g( x ) =[* * . are both continuous onl y atx = 0. L-xifxg
Q LOirxgQ EXERCISE-I /ncosx 5K. Ab) id f(b) :) g(x) is not Q^r. )t necessarily Le
t f(x): VT^-i i if x>0 sin4x _ j /n(l + tan2x) if x <0 Is it possible to define
f(0) to make the function continuous at x=0. If yes wha t is the value of f(0),
if not then indicate the nature of discontinuity. Suppos e that f(x) = x -3x -4x
+ 12 and h(x) followiiig prop at least one so is any real num of the equation
3 2 : f(x) _ , x * 3 x-3 then K , x= 3 find all zeros of /(x) JJo)findthe value o

f K that makes h continuous at x=3 ^j( e)using the value of K found in (b), dete
rmine whether h is an even function. ^ <Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Diffe
rentiability of Functions [5]
Q-3. Let yn(x) = x + 7 ,, 2x2 J 1 + x2 (l+x?) and y(x) = Limit y n (x) 2 X2 x2 .

+ -, 1 (1+x ) 2 11 1 Discuss the continuity of yjx) (n = 1,2,3 n) and y(x) at x
= 0 Draw the graph of the function f(x)=x-1 x - x 2 | , -1 < x < 1 & discuss the
continuity or discont inuity fin the interval - I < x < 1. i-sinTix l+cos2nx X<
2 Letf(x) = x = j . Determine the value ofp, ifpossible, so that the function i
s P y/2x-l 2 ^ V ' X> 2 XT 2 continuous atx= 1/2. 6. t Given the function g (x)
= V6-2x and h (x) = 2x2 - 3x + a. Then M evaluate h (g( 2)) Let f(x) = g(x), J b
) If f (x) = - h(x), x<l x > 1,find'a' so that fis cont inuous. t^jrr. 1+x , 0<
x<2 . Determine the form of g(x) = f [f(x)] & hencefindthe point of 3-x , 2<x<3
discontinuity of g, if any. ^jX8. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function &
f(x) be defined in a neighbourhoo d of 2 by (exp {(x+2)ln4}) 4 -16 ,x<2 4X-16 f
(x) = . l-cos(x-2) ,x>2 (x-2)tan(x2) Find the values ofA& f(2) in order that f(x
) may be continuous at x=2. kn x t S Un<X [x+l] if if 0<x<f The function f(x) =
(ijtanxl^ (l+|cosx|)m if b+2
x=f ' <X<7T Determine the values of'a' & 'b', if fis continuous at x=tc/2. JÎO L
et / ( x ) : 2 1 r x sin, i f x , ^ 0 0 if x = 0 Use squeeze play theorem to prov
e that/is continuous at x=0. Q.ll Let f(x)=x + 2, - 4 <x < 0 2 = 2- x . 0<x<4 th
enfind f ( f ( x ) ) , domain of f ( f ( x ) ) and also comment upon the continu
ity of f ( f ( x ) ) . * j ' x>o ; g Q 12. Let f(x) = ^ = {(x + ij,/2 ! x > 0 Di
scuss the continuity of g(f(x)). ^<BansalClasses Limits, continuity & Differentia
bility of Functions [5]
3cos x n Determine a & b so that f is continuous at x = . f(x) = a At b(l-sinx) (

it-2x)J if if if X<f * X=* X>f scontinuity o sin(a+l)x+sinx 4 Determine the valu
es of a, b & c for which the function f (x) = (x+bx^'-x" bx 2 for x<() for x=0 f
or x>0 is continuous at x = 0. && sin 3x+Asin 2x+Bsin x (x* 0) is cont. at x = 0
. Find A& B. Also find f(0). Iff(x )=Do not use series expansion or L' Hospital'
s rule. -L- for 0<x<2 x-l Discuss t he continuity ofthe function T defined as fo
llows: f(x) x+1 for 2 <x< 4 and draw the x+1 x-5 for 4<x<6 : of graph of the fun
ction for x e [0,6], Also indicate the nature of discontinuities if any. yr j^8
If f(x) = x + {-x} + [x], where [x] is the integral part & {x} is the fractional
part of x. Discuss the continuity of fin [ - 2 , 2 ]. Find the locus of (a, b)
for which the function f (x) = is continuous at x = 1 but discontinuous at x=2.
ax - b for x<1 3x for 1 < x < 2 bx - a for x >2 Prove that the inverse of the di
scontinuous function y=(1 + x2) sgn x is a conti nuous function. Ol9 sin2(7t-2x)
x n f (x) + h(x) +1 Let g (x) = Lim _ , x ^ 1 an d 5g(l) = Lim f ' x \ be a cont
inuous function W 2x + 3x + 3 /n(sec(7i-2 )j at x = 1, find the value of 4 g ( l
) + 2 f ( l ) - h ( l ) . Assume that f (x) and h (x) are continuous at x = 1.
If g: [a, b] onto [a, b] is continous show that th ere is some c e [a, b] such t
hat g (c) = c. 2 + cosx is not defined at x = 0. Ho w should the function be def
ined at The function f(x) = 3 v x sinx x 4 ^ Q.22 x = 0 to make it continuous at
x=0. Use of expansion of trigonometric functions and L' Hospital's rule is not a
llowed. sinx tanx for x > 0 ^ 3 f(x) : a -a tanx-sin x /n(l + x + x,2 ) + / n ( l
- x + x ) for x < 0, if fis continuous at x = 0, fin
d 'a' sec x - c o s x r xN cot (x - a) for x a, a ^ 0, a > 0. If g is continuous

at x = a then show th at now if g (x) = In 2 - v g(e 1 ) = - e . ^Bansal Classe
s 1101 Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions 111]
Q.24 (a) Let f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y & ifthe function f(x) is continuo
us at x = 0, then show that f(x) continuous at all x. If f(x- y)=f(x)- f(y) for
all x, y and f(x) is continuous at x = 1. Prove that f(x) is continuous for all
x exce^ a tx=0. Given f ( l ) * 0 . J) Givenf(x)=Z i t a n ( J J s e c ^ J ; r ,
n e N tn |( f ( x ) + t a n | - ) "I (f(x) + t a n ^ (b) ^.25 g(x)= 1 +(f (x) +
tan 7 1 = k for x = r-i n [sin(tanf)] W and the domain of g (x) is (0, tc/2). w
here [ ] denotes the greatest integer function. f Find the value of k, if possi
ble, so that g (x) is continuous at x=nJ4. Also state the points of discontinui!
of g (x) in (0, n/4), if any. , 0 f(x) Let f (x) = x 3 - x2 - 3x - 1 and h (x)
= where h is a function such tha,t (a) it is continuous every where except when
x = - 1 , Find Lim (3h(x) + f(x) - 2g(x>) x-0 (b) Lim h(x) = oo and (c) Lim h(x)
= -p> X>00 X->-L 2 :27 Let f be continuous on the interval [0,1] to R such that f
(0) = f (1). Prove th at there exists a point c i' such that f(c) = f c + v 2y
1 - ax + xa x ^na for x <0 axx2 where a >0. Consider the function g(x) = x x 2 a
- x^n2 - x^na - 1 for x >0 Q.28 9 Without using, L 'Hospital's rule or power se
ries,findthe value of'a' & 'g(O)' s o that the function g(x) i continuous at x =
0. (j ^-sm-l(l-{x}2)).sm-l(\-{x}) L et f(x) n 2 V2({x}-{x}3) for x * 0 for x =
0 where {x} is the fractional part of
Consider another function g(x); such that g(x) = f(x) for x > 0 =2V2 f(x) for x
< 0 Discuss the continuity of the functions f(x) & g(x) at x=0. Discuss the cont
inuity of f in [0,2] where f(x) = |4x-5|[x] for x > l . w here [x] is the great
e s' [cos7tx] for x < l integer not greater than x. Also draw the graph. [14] Ba
nsal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [15]
t+r iowthatf(x)i ,, . EXERCISE-II (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS) ^ forallxexce,* 1 a). St

ate whether True or False. If f(x) = for x* , then the value which can be give n
to f(x) at x = j so that the function becomes continuous every where in (0,n/2)
is 1/4. b) The function f, defined by f(x) = 2" is continuous for real x. ] 1+ v
cK fix) ' = L' 01 ^ 1+nsin is continuous at x = 1. W n-)- 7tx yy :>f discontinue
2x+l if The function f(x) = -x1 if x+2 if -3<x<-2 -2<x<0 is continuous everywher
e in (-3,1). 0<x<l The function defined by f(x)= [T^TF for x * 0 & f(0) = 1 is c
ontinuous at x=0. ^ im h(x) = 1 / The function f(x)=2" 21/(1-x) i f x ^ 1 & f(l)
= 1 is not continuous at x = 1. ' istsapointci Q 2. ftf The functionf(x) = 2xA/(
x3 -1) + sVx V(l-x4) + 7x2 V(x-l) + 3x+2 is continuous a t x = 1. There exists a
continuous function f: [0,1] [0,10], but there exists no continuous function g:
[0, l]-^4(0,10). Fill in the blanks Given f(x)=L~ c o s ( c x ) , x ^ 0 & f ( 0
) = If fis continuous at x = 0, then the value of c is x sinx 2 & removable dis
continuity at x (h>C The function f(x)=-7-7 has non removable discontinuity at x
= / ln|xj = resp ectively. function g(x) i If f(x) is continuous in [0,1 ] & f(x
) = 1 for all rational numbers in [0,1 ] th en f f i fi. ^ mal part of yijpf x +
aV2sinx , 0<x<-| , -J < x < The values of'a' & 'b' so that the function f (x
) = 2x cotx + b acos2x-bsinx , - | < x < 7 t . is continuous for 0 < x < n are &
it 4 y (e}r 7 If ffx)= ~^ cosx 1 is continuous at x = 4 thenf v ' cot x ~ l is th
e greatesi [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functio
ns [15]
Q3, Indicate the correct alternative(s): The function defined as f(x) = Limit C0
S7tX 'f"51"^ l +x -X 2 2n+1 1} rff (A) is discontinuous a t x = 1 becausef(l + )
* f ( l - ) (B) is discontinuous a t x = 1 because f(l) is not defined (C) is d
iscontinuous at x = 1 because f(l + ) = f(l")^f(l) (D) is continuous at x = 1 J&
f Let T be a continuous function on R. If f (l/4 n ) =(sinen)e"n2 + - J - J then
f(0) is : (A) not unique (C) data s ufficient tofindf(0) x (B) 1 (D) data insuf
ficient tofindf(0) Indicate all correct alternatives if, F(x) = - 1 , then on th
e interval [0, T ] C (A) tan (f(x)) & are both continuous (B) tan (f (x)) & -y ar
e both discontinuou s (D) tan (f(x)) is continuous but j isnot t (xj Y (C) tan (f(
x))&f _ 1 (x) are both continuous ' f i s a continuous function on the real line
. Given that X2 + (f(x) - 2) x - V 3 f(x) + 2 V3 - 3 = 0. Then the value off( S
) (A) can not be determined (C) is zero ^J&f (B) is 2 ( i - V s ) (D) is 2(V3 2) v ' 3) If f(x) = sgn (cos 2 x - 2 sin x + 3), where sgn ( ) is the signum fun
ction, the n f(x) (A) is continuous over its domain (B) has a missing point disc
ontinuity ( C) has isolated point discontinuity (D) has irremovable discontinuit
y. Let g(x) = tan-1 |x| - cot -1 |x|, f(x) = J-J JJJ {x}, h(x)=jg(f(x))| where (
x) denotesfr actionalpart and [x] denotes the integral part then which of the fo
llowing holds good? (A) h is continuous at x = 0 (B) h is discontinuous at x = 0
(C)h(0~)=! ( D)h(0 + ) = - | ^ ^/f) J g T x n - sinx 11 Consider f(x) = Limit T
for x > 0, x * 1 m=o then (A) f is continu ous at x = 1 (B) f has a finite disc
ontinuity atx = 1 (C) f has an infinite or o scillatory discontinuity at x = 1.
(D) fhas a removable type of discontinuity at x= 1. [14] Bansal Classes Limits,
continuity & Differentiability of Functions [15]
4 Given f ( x ) = ^ - ; e x - 1 sgn (sinx) =0 for x = 0 for x * 0 where {x} is t

hefractionalpart function; [x] is the step up function and sgn(x) is the signum
function ofx then, f(x) (A) is continuous at x = 0 (B) is disconti nuous at x =
0 (C) has a removable discontinuity at x = 0 (D) has an irremovable discontinuit
y a t x - 0 x[x]2 log(1+x) 2 for - 1 < x < 0 i)X Consider f(x) /n(e x2 + 2 x tan
Vx for 0 < x < 1 where [ * ] & {*} are the greatest integer function & fractiona
l part function r espectively, then (A) f(0) = /n2=> fis continuous at x = 0 (B)
f(0) = 2 => fis c ontinuous at x = 0 2 (C) f(0) = e => f is continuous at x = 0
(D) f has an irrem ovable discontinuity at x = 0 Consider f(x) = Vl + x - V l x x*0 {x} g(x) = cos2x - -^f(g(x)) )nal part and h(x)-- 1 _ f(x) for x<0 forx =
0 forx >0 K - - <x<0 4 then, which ofthe following holds good, where {x} denotes
fractionalpart function . (A) 'h' is continuous at x = 0 (C) f(g(x)) is an even
function x^ jX) (B) 'h' is discontinuous at x = 0 (D) f(x) is an even function 2
x 1 The function f^x) = [x], c o s x , where [] denotes the greatest integer fun
ction, is discontinuous at (A) all x (C)nox (B) all integer points (D) x which i
s not an integer [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of
Functions [15]
EXERCISE-III Q.l Letf(x) = [x] sin- , where [] denotes the greatest integer functio
n. The domain of fis &the 1. [x + l] [ JEE '96, 2 ] B points of discontinuity of
f in the dom ain are (i Let f(x) be a continuous function defined for l<x<3. If
f(x) takes ra tional values for all x and f (2)= 10, thenf(l,5) g. = . [JEE'97,
2] The functio n f(x) = [x]2 - [x2] (where [y] is the greatest integer less tha
n or equal to y) , is discontinuous at: (A) all integers (B) all integers except
0 & 1 (C) all in tegers except 0 (D) all integers except 1 [JEE'99, 2 (out of20
0)] (1 + ax)1/x fo r x < 0 Determine the constants a, b & c for which the functi
on f(x): b for x 0 is continuous at (x+c)173 - 1 - * > n X 0 ",1/2 (x+l) - 1 x =
0. Discuss the c ontinuity ofthe function [e 1 / ( x - 1 ) -2 l/(x-l) +2 ' atx=
1. X^l X = 1 % rX2 JT3 [REE'99, 6] [ REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100 ] fe Bansal
Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [23]
KEY CONCEPTS THINGS T o R E M E M B E R : IS (DIFFERENTIABILITY) &the 1. Right h

and & Left hand Derivatives; lflt exist f(a+h) T imit f(a + h ) - f ( a ) [ JEE
'96, 2 ] By definition: f ' ( a ) = h " 0 u (i) and f (2) =10, [JEE'97,2] discon
tinuous (ii) ut of200)] The right hand derivative of f ' at x = a denoted by f'(
a + ) is defined by: 1 , , , a _Limit f(a + h)-f(a) v ; ^ ' t provided the limit
exists & is finite. The left hand derivative: of f at x = a d enoted by f'(a +
) is defined by: , , , a . L i m i t+ f ( a - h ) - f ( a ) v ; - h > o _h Provid
ed the limit exists & is finite. We also write f'(a + ) = f' + ( a) & f'(a") = f
'_(a). * This geomtrically means that a unique tangent withfinite slope can be d
rawn at x = a as shown in the figure. * 1 continuous at (iii) [REE'99, 6] Deriva
bility & Continuity: (a) If f '(a) exists then f(x) is derivable at x= a = > f(x
) is continuous at x = a. (b) If a function f is derivable at x then f is c onti
nuous at x. For:r(x)= Umitf(x + h)-f(x) + h) ^ Also f ( x + h ) - f ( x ) = f (
x out of 100] Therefore: S ^ x Therefore +hHW] " f ( x ) - , h [ h * 0] h f ( x
+ h } f(x) *=f'(x).o=o h [f (x + h )-f (x)] = 0 => f (x+h) = f(x) => fis continu
ous at x. Note : If f(x) is derivable for every point ofits domain of definition
, then it is continuous in that domain. The Converse ofthe above result is not t
rue: " IF f IS CONTINUOUS AT x , THEN f IS DERIVABLE AT x " IS NOT TRUE. e.g. th
e function s f(x) = | x | & g(x) = x s i n i x x = 0 but not derivable at x = 0.
N O T E CAREFULLY :
& g(0) = 0 are continuous at (a) Let f '+(a) = p & f ' (a) = q where p & q are f
inite then: (i) p = q => fis deri vable at x = a => fis continuous at x = a. (ii
) p * q => f is not derivable at x = a. It is very important to note that f may
be still continuous at x = a. In s hort, for a function f: Differentiability =>
Continuity ; Continuity = > derivab ility; Non derivibality = discontinuous ; But
discontinuity => Non derivability [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Diffe
rentiability of Functions [15]
,vf (b) 3. If a function fis not differentiable but is continuous at x = a it ge

ometrically implies a sharp corner; x= a. DERIVABILITY OVER A N INTERVAL: * (i)
(ii) NOTE f (x) is said to be derivable over an interval ifit is derivable at ea
ch & every point ofthe interval f(x) is sai to be derivable over the closed inte
rval [a, b ] if : for the points a and b, f'(a+) & f'(b - ) exist & for any poin
t c such th at a < c < b, f '(c+) & f (c - ) exist & are equal. : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
If f(x) & g(x) are derivable at x = a then the functions f(x) + g(x), f(x) - g(
x ) , f(x).g(; will also* be derivable at x = a & if g (a) * 0 then the function
f (x)/g(x) will also be derivable at x = a. If f(x) is differentiable at x = a
& g (x) is not differentiable at x = a, then the product function F(x)=f(: g(x)
can still be differentiable at x = a e.g. f(x) = x & g(x) = | x |. If f(x) & g(x
) bo th are not differentiable at x = a then the product function; F(x) = f(x)g(x) can still be differentiable at x = a e.g. f(x) = | x | & g(x) = | x |. If f
(x) & g(x) both are non-deri. at x = a then the sum function F(x) = f(x)+g(x) ma
y be a differential function, e.g. f(x) = | x | & g(x)=-1 x | If f(x) is derivab
le at x = a f'(x) is continuous at x=a. e.g.f(x) = x 2 sin-L if x ^ 0 0 if x = 0
A surprising result: Suppose that the function f (x) and g (x) defined terval (
xL, x^ contain the point Xq, and if fis differentiable at x=Xq q) = 0 together w
ith g is continuous asx = xQtl the function F (x) = f is differentiable at x=x 0
e.g. F (x) = sinx x2/3 is differentiable EXERCISE-I V^ 1 Discuss the continuity
& differentiability ofthe function f(x)=sinx+sin | x | , x s R. Draw a rough sk
e of the graph of f(x). Examine the continuity and differe ntiability offix)= |
x | + | x - l | + i x2 | x e R . Also draw the graph of f(x) . } Given a function
/ (x) defined for all real x, and is such that f ix + h) - f (x) < 6h2 for all r
eal h and x. Show that/(x) is constant. 1 for o6<x<0 ÔfiQ. 3 s^jzrfi Aftinctionf
is defined as follows: f(x) = 1+sinx for 0<x<-| f<x<+oo 2+(x-f) 2 for 0T5 6 Disc
uss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0 & x = %/2. Examine the origi in
the in with f (X (x) g (x) atx=0.
n for continuity & derrivability in the case of the function f defined by f(x) =
xtan _1 (l/x) andf(0) = 0. Let f (0) = 0 and f' (0) = 1. For a positive integer
k, show that c \ 1 1 1 A Lim f(x) + f (-] + f 1. = 1+- +- + 1 + o x-o x V 2 3 k y
-T-L+i] x Let f(x) = xe ^ ; x ^ 0, f(0) = 0, test the continuity & differentiab
ility at x = 0 ^ . 7 [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability
of Functions [15]
a sharp corner a (ft iterval f(x) is sai(^9 jC If f(x)= I x -11. ([x] - [-x]), t
henfindf'(1 + ) & f'(!") where [x] denotes grea test integer function. Iff(x) =
ax2 - b if Ixl<1 -R if N-1 is derivable at x = 1. Find the values of a & b. -1 x
-1 g/ip Let f(x) be defined in the interval [-2,2] such that f(x): , -2<x<0 0<x<
2 & g(x) = f( IX |) + | f(x) |. Test the differentiability of g(x) in ( - 2,2).
g(x) , f(x).g(x 2[x] ivableatx=a. 1 where sgn (.) denotes the signum fimction& [
.] d enotes the greatest sgn r Givenfix)= cos ctionF(x) = f(x v 9^ V V3x - \x]J)
, in teger function. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of f (x) at x= 1
. J&2 e a differential Examine for continuity & differentiability the points x =
1 & x = 2, the function f defined by f(x) = f(x) = ~x[x] , 0<x<2 where [x] = gr
eatest integer less than or equal to x. ( x - l ) [ x ] , 2<x<3 m , x * 0 & f(0)
= - 1 where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x. Test the diff
erentiability off(x) at x = 0. x^) containin |2x-3|[x] for x>l >us as x=Xq t h e
^ ^ 4 Discuss the continuity & the derivability in [0,2] of f(x): sin-jfor x<l
where [ ] denote greatest integer function. w a rough sketc If f(x) = - 1 + | x
- 11, - 1 < x 3 ; g(x) = 2 - | x + l | , - 2 < x < 2 , then calcula te (fog) (x)
& (gof)(x). Draw their graph. Discuss the continuity of (fog) (x) a t x = - 1 &
the differentiability of(gof)(x)atx= 1. The function ax(x-l) + b whe nx<l f(x)
= x - 1 px + qx+2 C O (iii) 2 X 16 whenl<x<3 whenx>3 Find the values of the cons
tants a, b, p, q so that f(x) is continuous for all x f ' ( l ) does not exist f
'(x) is continuous at x = 3 l/x _ -l/x , J f f t Examine the function, f(x) =x.
a l/x 0 for continuity and existence of the derivative e continuity on 0 < x < 1
& differentiability at x.sin .sin r wherex*0, x * l / r 7 t & f(0) 2, 3, fl8J ^B
ansal Classes + al/x , x * 0 (a > 0) and f(0) = at the origin. JÂ 8 Discuss th x
= 0 for the function. f(x) = = f ( l / r a ) = 0, x x.sin L= r 1,
Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [19]
1-x , (0<x<l) 5; f(x) x+2 , (l<x<2) Discuss the continuity & differentiability o
f 4 - x , (2<x<4) y = f [f(x)] for 0 < x < 4. cos2x 7t if x * 0 if x = 0 Q.20 Co
nsider thefianction,/(x) = Show that/' (0) exists andfindits value yjo) (c) Show
that/' does not exist. For what values of x, / ' (x) fails to exist. ^ J Z f l 1
Discuss the continuity & the derivability of 'f where f (x) = degree of (ux'+ u
2 + 2u - 3) at x = V2. Let/(x) be a function defined on (-a, a) with a > 0. Assu
me that/(x) is continuous at x = 0 am Lim x->0 J f(x)~ w X f(kx) - = a , where k
e (0,1) then compute f' (0+) and f ' (0"), and comment upon tb differentiability
of / a t x= 0. J^23 t A function f : R -> R satisfies the equa tion f(x + y) =
f(x). f(y) for all x, y in R f(x) * o for any x in R. Let the fu nction be diffe
rentiable at x = 0 & f (0) = 2. Show that f (x) = 2f(x) 1 all x i n R. Hence det
ermine f(x). Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically ze ro satisfies
the equation, f(x + yn) - f(x) + (f(y))n for all real x & v and f ' (0) > 0 wher
e n (> 1) is an odd natural number. F f(10). Afunctionf: R->RwhereR isasetofreal
numberssatisfiestheequation f(iiI) = f(x)+f^)+f(0). for a l l x diffe rentiable f
or all x in R. y in R If t he ^"24 Q.25 function is differentiable at x = 0 then
show that EXERCISE-II Fill in the blanks: ^ f Limit f (3+h2) - f((3-h ) If f(x)
is derivable.at x = 3 & f'(3) = 2, then h->o 2h2 Iff(x) = | sinx | & g(x)=x 3 t
henf[g(x)] is & at x= 0. (State continuity and deriv; Let f(x) be a function sat
isfying the condition f(- x) = f(x) for all real x. If
f'(0) exists, then its1 ^QrzT For the function f(x) = 1 + el/x ' from the left,
f(0~)=_ , the derivative from the right, f (0+) = x=0 & the de QCS ^ The number
of points at which the function f(x) = max. {a-x, a+x, b}, * be diffe rentiable
is . CO<X<QC, 0 <a< limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions
Select the correct alternative : (only one is correct) ^ Let f(x) sinx for x 0 &
f(0) = 1 then, (A) f(x) is conti. & diff. at x = 0 (C) f(x) is discont. & not d
iff. at x = O (B) f(x) is conti. & not diff. at x = 0 (D)none 5.7 Givenfix)= lo
ga(a|[x] + [ - x f ,1: W J 3 + aA for xl * 0 ; a > 1 for x = 0 where [ ] represe
nts the integral 3) at x=V2. . _n , us at x u and (^8"" nment upon the 1 x, y in
R & :f (x) = 2f(x )for part function, then: (A) fis continuous but not different
iable at x = 0 (B) fis cont. & diff. at x = 0 (C) the differentiability o f f at
x = 0 depends on the v alue of a (D) f is cont. & diff. at x = 0 and for a = e
only, For what triplets of real numbers (a, b, c) with a * 0 the function "x x<l
is differentiable for a ll real x ? otherwise (B) {(a, l-2a, c) I a, c s R , a
Ô } (D) {(a, l-2a,0)| a s R , a * 0 } f(x) =ax2 + bx + c (A) {(a, l-2a, a) I a
s R, a * 0 } (C) {(a, b, c) I a, b, c s R , a + b + c= l } al number. Find A fun
ction f defined as f(x)=x[x] for - 1 < x < 3 where [x] defines the greatest inte
ger < x is: (A) conti. at all points in the domain of f but non-derivable a t af
initenumber of points (B) discontinuous at all points & hence non-derivable at a
ll points in the domain of f (C) discont. at afinitenumber ofpoints but not deri
vable at all points in the domain of f (D) discont. & also non-derivable at afin
itenumber ofpoints of f. (^K) [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal
to x. Iffix)= [x] [ sin Ttx] in (-1,1) then f(x) is: n show that it is (A) cont
. at x = 0 (B) cont. in(l, 0) (C) differentiable in (-1,1) (D) none A functionfi
x)= x [ 1 + (1 /3) sin ( lnx2)], x * 0.[ ] = integral part f(0) = 0. Then the fu
nction: (A) is cont. at x = 0 (B) is monotonic v (C) is derivable at x = 0 (D) c
an not be defined for x < -1 -x The function f(x) is defined as follows f(x) =xx
3-x+l .2 and derivability) then its value is T3 & the derivative if x<0 if 0<x<l
thenf(x)is: if x>l (A) derivable & cont. at x = 0 (C) neither derivable nor cont
. at x = 1 Iffix)= (B) derivable at x = 1 but not cont. at x = 1 (D) not derivab
le at x = 0 but con t at x = 1 x + {x} + xsin{x} for x * 0 where (x) denotes the
fractionalpart function, then:
0 for x = 0 (A)'f is cont. & diff. atx = 0 (B) 'f is cont. but not diff. at x =
0 (D) none ofthese (C) 'f is cont. & diff. at x = 2 The set of all points where
the function f(x) = y ^ y is differentiable is: (A) (-00,00) 0 < a < b cannot-Q^
(B) [ 0, 00 ) (C)(-00, 0 ) ^ ( 0 , 00) (D) (0, 00) (E) none [14]BansalClasses L
imits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [15]
Select the correct alternative: (More than one are correct) If f(x) = 12x+l | +
| X - 21 then f(x) is: (A) cont. at all the points (C) discontinuous at x = - 1
/ 2 & x = 2 * (B) conti. at x = 2 but not differentiable < (D) not derivable at
x = - 1 / 2 & x = 2 f(x) = I [x]x | i n - 1 < x < 2 , where [x] is greatest inte
ger < x then f(x) is : (A) cont. atx = 0 (B) discont. x = 0 (C)notdiff. a t x =
2 (D)diff. atx = 2 1. 7 f(x) = 1 + x. [cosx] in 0 < x < %/2, where [ ] denotes g
reatest integer functi on then, * (A) It is continuous in 0 < x < 7t/2 (B) It is
differentiable in 0 < x < T / C2 (C) Its maximum value is 2 (D) It is not diffe
rentiable in 0 < x< %/2 Q. 18 f(x) = (Sin-'x)2 Cos(1/x)ifx^0;f(0) = 0,f(x)is: (A
) cont. no where in - 1 < x < 1 (B) cont. every where in - 1 < x < 1 (C) differe
ntiable no where in - 1 < x < 1 (D) differentiable everywhere in - 1 < x < JZ.19
7C % f(x) = | x | + |s inx| i n ( ~ . y j . l t i s : (A) Conti. no where (C) D
ifferentiable no where , jrfS) If f(x) = 3(2X+3)2/3 + 2x+3 then, (A) f(x) is con
t. but not diff. at x = -3/2 (C) f(x) is cont. at x = 0 Iff(x) = 2+ | sin^xl ,it
is: (A) continuous no wh ere (C) differentiable no where in its domain (B) Conti
. every where (D) Differe ntiable everywhere except at x : (B) f(x) is diff. at
x = 0 (D) f(x) is diff. bu t not cont. at x = - 3/2 (B) continuous everywhere in
its domain (D) Not differe ntiable at x = 0 ^^21 ^#22 If f(x) = x2 sin (1/x) ,x
*0andf(0) = 0 then, (A) f(x)is continuous a t x = 0 (B) f(x) is derivable atx =
0 (C) f (x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) f'(x) is not deri vable at x = 0 A functi
on which is continuous & not differentiable at x = 0 is: (A) f(x) = x for x < 0
& f(x) = x2 for x > 0 (B) g(x) = x for x < 0 & g(x) = 2x for x > 0 (C)h(x) = x |
x | x s R (D)K(x) = 1 + 1 x | , x e R IfSin"1x+ | y | = 2y then y as a function
of x is: (A) defined for -1 < x < 1 (B) continuous at x = 0 (C) differentiable
for all x (D) such that= & yj^h 9^4 * for-1 < x < 0 3Vl-x* * Let f(x) = Cosx &H(x)
= Min[f(t)/0<t<x] for 0<x<f for f <x<3 ' Lf-x ^ (A) H (x) is cont. & deri. in [0
,3 ] (C) H(x) is neither cont. nor deri. at x = %!2 (B) H(x) is cont. but not de
ri. at x=TC/2 (D) Max. value of H(x) in [0,3 ] is 1 [14] Bansal Classes Limits,
continuity & Differentiability of Functions [15]
EXERCISE-III ^J^st Determine the values of x for which the following function fa
ils to be con tinuous or differentiable fW 1-x , x <1 (1-x) (2-x) , l < x < 2. J
ustify your an swer. 3- x , x> 2 [JEE'97,5] Let h(x)=min {x, x2 }, for every rea
l number ofx. Then: (A) his cont. for all x (B) his diff. for all x (C) h' (x) =
1, for all x > 1 (D) h is not diff. at two values of x. yfi Discuss the continu
ity & differentiability of the function f(x) : [JEE'98,2 ] 2 + ,/(l-x2) _2e(1"x)
2 |x| < 1 ,\x\>l [REE'98, 6] v The function f(x) = (x2 - 1) | x2 - 3x + 21 + cos
(| x |) is NOT differentiable at: (A)-l (B)0 (C)l (D)2 [JEE'99, 2 (out of200)]
Q.5 Let f: R R be any function. Define g: R > (A) onto if fis onto (C) continuou
s iffis continuous R by g (x) = |f(x)| for all x. Then g is (B) one one if f is
one one (D) differentiable iffi s differentiable. [JEE 2000, Screening, 1 out of
3 5 ] ^C^T" Discuss the continuity and differentiability ofthe function, Ixl >
1 f(x) = 1 -ix! ' Q.7 vK |x| < r |x|<1 [REE,2000(3)] [JEE 2001 (Screening)] Let
f : R - R be a function defined by , f (x) = max [ x , x ]. The set of all points
where f (x) is NOT differentiable is: (A) { - 1 , 1 } (B) ( - 1 , 0 } (C) {0,1}
(P) { - 1 , 0 , 1} 3 The left hand derivative of, f (x) = [ x ] sin (TT x) at x
= k, k an integer is: (A) ( - l ) k (k - 1) 71 (B)(-l)*-i(k-l)7t (C)(-l)kk7t (
D ) ( 1 ) k ~ 1 k T T Which ofthe following functions is differentiable at x = 0
? (A) cos (! x | ) + | x | (B) cos ( | x j - x (C)sin(!xi) + |x| Q.8 ( D ) s i n
( | x | ) - |x| Let a e R. Prove that a function / : R R is differentiable at a
if and only if t here is a function g : R -> R which is continuous at a and sat
isfies /(x) - / ( a ) = #(x) (x - a) for all xeR. [JEE 2001, (mains) 5 out of 10
0] fe Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions [23]
Q. 9 The domain of the derivative ofthe function ' tan"1 x f(x) = ' (A)R-{0) |(W
-i) i f |x| < 1 if M > 1 ^ is (B)R-{1} ( C ) R - {-1} f St V /(1) ( D ) R - {-1,
1} [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3] \\ J^TO Let/: R -> R be such that/(1) = 3 and/'(1)
= 6. The Limit (A) 1 . * (B)e 1/2 (C)e 2 ) equals (D)e 3 [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3
] J ^ 1 f Jx + a if x < 0 ^ | | x - l | if x > 0 = ^ Jx + 1 if x < 0 2 g ( ) | (
x - l ) + b if x > 0 x = Where a and b are non negative real numbers. Determine
the composite function go f. If (gof) (x) is continuous for all real x, determi
ne the values of a and b. F urther, for these values of a and b, is gof differen
tiable at x=0? Justify your answer. [JEE 2002,5 out of 60] Q/i2 If a function f:
[ -2a, 2a] - R is an odd fun ction such that f (x) = f (2a - x) for x e [a, 2a]
and the left hand derivative atx= a is 0 thenfindthe left hand derivative at x =
- a. [JEE 2003, Mains-2 out of 60] ^ ^ Q. 1 3 ^ T h e function given by y= | |
x | - l numbers except the points (A) {0,1,-1} (B)l ' ous and differentiable func
tion and f (A) f (x) = f" (0), x e (0, 1] I = 0, V n > 1 and n e l , Q 1 5 (D)-l
Q8 ' (B) f (0) = 0, f ' (0) = 0 (D) f (0) = 0 and f 1 (0) need not to be zero [
JEE 20 | is (C)l = 0, then differentiable for all real fl) (b) If f (x) is a con
tinu x e (0, 1] (C) f ' (0) = 0 Q 11 Q 14
05 (Screening), 3 + 3] (c) If |f(x 1 )-f(x 2 )|<(x 1 -x 2 ) 2 , forallXjjXj eR.

Find the equation oftangent to the curvey = f(x) at the point (1,2), [JEE 2005 (
Mains), 2] Q21, Q 22, Q 26. Q l.< Q6./r [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity
& Differentiability of Functions [15]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q1.3 45 Q ^Y 2 Q 3 ' 2 Q4 P-q ' 2 2 Q 5 VF Q 6 ' 1 ~3 Q 7.

(a) TC/2 if a > 0; 0 if a = 0 and -TC/2 if a < 0 Q 8.5050 Q 13. 1 1 1 2 Q9. a=;r=-;S= Z f i (b) f(x) = | x | Q11. does not exist Q 12.2 J Q10./n2 Q 14. 2 Q 1
5 . Q 1 6 . 16V2 tc Q 18. 52 Q 17. a = 2 ; limit = 1 Q 19. - - I n 4 e ns I Q 22
. does not exist Q 25. 8V2(ln3)2 Q29. 0,0 EXERCISE-II Q 20. 2 Q 23. 9 Q 26. - 3,
- 3 , - 3 Q.30 4 Q21. Domain, x s R, Range, x nC T Q 24. cos 2 a/nCosa + Sin2a
/nSina Q27.(/na) n Q 28. - 2 Q 1. e s Q 8. e1/2 Q 2. c = ln2 Q 3. e"'1 Q 4. e 8/
1,z Q.5
- 4 Q 6. ^ ^ Q 7. e 1 Q 9. (a,.a2.a3....an) TC2a2+4 Q12.-416a Q 13. w henx= Q l O

. f , 71 2 ' 2V2 2 3 Q 11. a = c = 1, b = 2 Q 14.f(x)when | x | > 1 ;g(x)when |
x | < 1 ; Q 15. 2 x 1 1 & not defined whenx=-l Q 19. 1/2 Q 20. i 2 Q 16. - T C
Q 17. a - b l i 2X~2 s nx x x sinx Q21.T(x)= :: - tan 2 -, sinx or t a n , S ( x
) = Q 22. (a) 1 (b) ^ 2 Q 26. j Q 23. J L tanG Q28. (a) 1/2, (b)b 3 i ,linfit=Q
25. e*2 Q 24. a = e2 Q 29. (i) a = l , b = - 1 (ii) a = - l , b EXERCISE-III Q
l . e2 Q6./na Q2.D Q7. C Q 3. C Q8. C Q 4. C Q 5 . B Q.9 1 T C [25 ] 2 (!^Bansal
Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of Functions
CONTINUITY EXERCISE-I Ql. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q 6. Q 7. Q 8. Q. 11 Q 12. Q 13. Q 15.

f(0 ) = - 2 ; f(0-) = 2 hence f(0) not possible to define (a)-2, 2, 3 (b)K = 5(c
) even yn(x) is contin uous at x = 0 for all n and y() is dicontinuous at x = 0 f
is cont. in - 1 < x < 1 Q 5. P not possible. (a) 4 - 3V2 + a, (b) a = 3 g(x) = 2
+xfor 0 < x < 1, 2 - x f o r 1 < x < 2 , 4 - x f o r 2 < x < 3, g is discontinuo
us at x = 1 & x = 2 A = 1 ;f(2)= 1/2 Q9.a = 0;b = -1 f ( f (x) ) is continuous a
nd domain of f ( f (x)) is [-4, ] gof is dis-cont. at x = 0, 1 & -1 a = 1/2, b =
4 Q14. a = -3/2, b * 0 , c = 1/2 A = - 4 , B = 5, f(0) = 1 Q 16. discontinuous
at x = 1,4 5 & + iiS Q 17. discontinuous at all integral values in [-2,2] Q 18.
locus (a, b) x, y is y = x - 3 excluding the points where y = 3 intersects it. Q
20. 5 Q22. txv (tan x) if 60 Q 25. k = 0; g(x) = 0 0<x<-| % n Hence g(x) is con
tinuous everywhere. 11 ^x 39 Q26. g (x) = 4 (x + 1) and limit = - Q28. a = - L ,
g ( 0 ) = ( ^ Q 29. f(0+) = ^ ; f(Q-) = '= => f is discont. at x = 0; 2 4V2 + g(0
) = g(O-) = g( 0) = TC/2 =^>g is cont. at x = 0 Q 30. the function fis continuo
us everywhere in [0,2] except for x = 0, i , 1 & 2. EXERCISE-II Q 1. Q2. Q 3. (a
) false; (b) false; (c) false; (d) false; (e) false; (f) true; ( g) false; (h) t
rue (a)c = l ; ( b ) . x l , - l & x = 0 ; ( c ) . l ; ( d ) . a = | , b = - ~ (
e). 1/2 (a) D (b). B, C (c). C, D (d). B (e). C (f), A (g). B (h) A (i) D (j) A
(k) C EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.2 Q.5 R - [ - l , 0 ) ; discontinuous for all integral
values in domain ex cept at zero 10 Q.3 D Q.4 a=/n| ; b= | ; c=1 Discontinuous a
t x = 1; f(l + ) = 1 and f(l~) = - 1 [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Di
fferentiability of Functions [15]
DIFFERENTIABILITY EXERCISE-I Q 1. f(x) is conti. but not derivable at x x = 0,1

& 2 Q 4. conti. but not diff.at x cont. but not diff. at x = 0 Q 9. a= 1/2, x =
0 Q 8. f(l + ) = 3 , f ( l ~ ) ~ - l Q
= 0 Q 2. conti. V x e R, not diff. at = 0; diff & conti. at x=Tt/2 Q 7. fis b =
3/2 Q 5. conti. but not diff. at 10. not derivable at x = 0 & x = 1
Q 11.fis cont. & derivable at x = - 1 but fis neither cont. nor derivable at x=
1 Q12. discontinuous & not derivable at x = 1, continuous but not derivable at x
= 2 Q 13. not derivable at x = 0 Q 14. fis conti. at x = 1,3/2 & disconti. at x
= 2, fis not diff. at x=1,3/2,2 Q15. (fog)(x) = x+1 for - 2 < x < - 1 , -(x+1)
for - 1 < x < 0 & x - 1 for 0 < x < 2. (fog)(x) is cont. at x = -1, (gof)(x) = x
+1 for - 1 < x < 1 & 3 - x for 1 < x < 3. (gof)(x) is not differentiable at x=
1 Q 16. a * 1, b = 0, p = and q = - 1 Q 17. If a e (0, 1) f ' (0+) = - 1 ; f ' (
0 ") = 1 => continuous but not derivable a = 1; f(x) = 0 which is constant => co
nt inuous and derivable If a > 1 f ' (0") = - 1 ; f ' (0+) = 1 => continuous but
no t derivable Q 18. conti. inO<x< 1 &notdiff. atx = 0 Q.19 fis conti. but not
diff . atx= 1, disconti. a t x = 2 & x = 3 . cont.& diff.at all other points Q.2
0 (a) f ' (0) = 0, (b) f ' v 3 Tt y Q.21 continuous but not derivable at x= Q.23
f(x) = e2x Q.24 f(x) = x ^ = ,v(c) x= 7n s I 2 ' ' 2n + l 3 v y a Q.22 f ' ( 0
) = 1-k f(10) = 10 71 1 EXERCISE-II Q.l 2 Q.5 2 Q.9 D Q.13 D Q.17 A, B Q.21 B, D
Q.25 A, D Q.2 conti. & diff. Q.6 C Q.10 B Q.14 A Q.18 B, D Q.22 A, B, D Q.3 0 Q
.7 B Q.ll A Q.15 A, B, D Q.19B, D Q. 23 A, B, D Q.4 f'(0 + ) = 0 , f ' ( 0 - ) =
l Q.8 A Q.12 D Q.16 A, C Q.20 A, B, C Q.24 A, B, D EXERCISE-III Ql Q.3 Q.5 Q.7
Q.12 f(x) is conti. & diff. at x = 1; f(x) is not conti. & not diff atx = 2 Q.2
A C, D conti. but not derivable at x = 1, neither cont. nor deri. at x = - 1 Q.4
D Q.6 Discont. hence not deri. at x = 1 & - 1 . Cont. & deri. at x = 0 (a)D, (b)
A, (c) D Q.9 D Q.10 C Q.ll a = 1; b = 0(gof)'(0) = 0 Q.13 (a) A, (b ) B, (c) y
- 2 = 0 f'(a~) = 0 [14] Bansal Classes Limits, continuity & Differentiability of
Functions [15]
J s BAN SAL CLASSES YJI K 7 k..!^ . MATHEMATICS Daily Practice Problems TIME: 50
Min each DPR DPP. NO.-25 TIME: 50 Mitt 1 8 T a r g e t SIT JEE 2 0 0 7 CLASS :
XII (ABCD) DATE : 28-29/06/2006 DATE: 28 -29/06/2006 Q.l tan 9 = 2+ j 2 + '--oo w
here 0 e (0,2%), find the possible value of 0. [2] Q. 2 Q.3 Find the sum of the
solutions of the equation 2e 2 x ~ 5ex + 4 = 0. [2] Suppose that x and y are pos
itive numbers for which log9x = log12y = log15(x + y ). If the value of - =2 cos
0, where 0 e (0,n/2) find 0. [3] Q. 4 Using L Hospitals rule or otherwise, eval
uate the following limit: Limit Limit + x->0 n->> l2 (sinx)" ] + [22 (sinx)x ] +
I /b-a . . + [n2 (sinx)x ] n3 where [.] denotes the [4] greatest integer functio
n. Q.5 1 Consider f ( x ) = - j = , V~T~ S12x b-a . -j smx 1 \ 2 Vb I Va + b t a n
x , , f o r b > a > 0 & t h e functions g(x)&h(x)
are defined, such that g(x) = [f(x)] - j-^y-j & h(x) = sgn (f(x for x e domain o
f f , otherwise g(x)=0=h(x) for x < domain o f f , where [x] is the greatest int
eger function of x & {x} is the fractional 7 C part of x. Then discuss the cont
i nuity of'g' & 'h' at x= and x = 0 respectively. Q.6 Q.7 J f ^ d x Using substit
ut ion only, evaluate: jcosec 3 xdx. [5] [5] [5] TIME : 50 Mitt. [2] DATE: 30-01
/06-07/2006 Q.l Q.2 12 A If sin A = . Find the value of tan ~ . x y The straight
line - + - = 1 cuts the x-axis & the y-axisinA&Brespectively& a straight line p
erpendicular to AB cuts them in P & Q respectively. Find the loc us of the point
of intersection ofAQ & BP. [2] Q.3 tanO 1 cot0 If -- = , find the value of . tan 0 t a n 30 3 cot0~cot30 1[3] J
Q.4 If a A ABC is formed by the lines 2x + y - 3 = 0 ; x - y + 5 = 0 a n d 3 x y + l = 0 , then obtain a cubic equation whose roots are the tangent of the int
erio r angles of the triangle. |4] r dx Integrate: J / 2 2 x f~r~ 2 (a - t a n x
K/b tan x (a>b) [5] Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 J xsinx cosx dx (a cos^ x + b z sin2 x)2 z [5] d
dy Let (x2y) - x - 1 where x ? 0 and y = 0 when x = 1. Find the set of values o
f x for which dx is positive. IS] S 3 55 s? ^ ^ $ J j C S ^ S j c ^ DATE : 03-04
/07/2006 Q. 1 TIME; 50Min. Let x = (0.15)20. Find the characteristic and mantiss
a in the logarithm of x, to the base 10. Assume log in 2 = 0.301 and Iog103 = 0.
477. K O l o c / 3 f Z P I ^ o -M^ZPI Two circles of radii R & r are externally
tangent. Find the radius of the third circle which is between them and touches t
hose circles and their exter nal common tangent in terms of R & r. [2] Let a mat
rix A be denoted as A=diag. 5 X ,5 p Q.2 Q.3 Q. 4 ,5 then compute the value ofth
e integral J( det A)dx. [3] Using algebraic geometry prove that in an isosceles
triangle the sum ofthe d istancesfromany point of the base to the lateral sides
is constant. (You may ass ume origin to be the middle point ofthe base of the is
osceles triangle) [4] Eval uate: Q.5 J' - x dx Vx + X2 + X3 a2-3 a-1 f / + x [5]
b -3 b-1 ' b-1 U3 ( 3
Q.6 'a3 If the three distinct points, a-1 \ c1 c 1 are collinear then [5] [5] 2 v
AV show that abc + 3 (a + b + c) = ab + be + ca. Q.7 Integrate: j\/tanx dx 3 jVv
ôt d 2{.l 1 4 -t & AX* G
MATHEMATICS A XII (ALL) : I V: . . . M .: ..::. : . . : i: ".V. ' i ' iiP f '

. .. . : 1 ; , V METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION Time Limit: 3 Sitting Each of 70 Minu
tes duration approx.
Question bank on Method of differentiation There are 72 questions in this questi

on bank. Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct) Q.l If g is the
inverse of f & f ' (x) = (A) 1 + [g(x)]5 ' 1+x 1 5 then g' (x) : (C) 1 1 + [g(x
)f (D) none (B) 1 + [g(x)] Q.2 DfTô If y = tan"1 (A) 2 Ai-O xz 2 + tan-l3 + v ^
nex y 2fnxthend^ 1 - 6nx dx (C) 0 dy dx (B) - 2 tan (D) none 3x + 4 5x + 6 1 (5x
+ 6) ( D) - 1 (B) 1 & f'(x) = tanx 2 then Q.3 ^3x + Ify = f ' v 5x + (A) tanx 3
(C)f 3tanx2 + 4 tanx 2 z 5tanx + 6 1 Q.4 If y = sin (A)0 xJ 1 - x + Vx J l - x 2
l & = 7 + p, then Fp : ^ J dx 2yjx(l - x) (B) sin"1 x (C) sin-1 Vx (D) none of t
hese Q.5 If y = f ^2x & f ' (x) = sinx then dx vx + \j sm Z (A) 1 + x - x2 x2 +
l j 2x-JX vx2 + ly
2 (l + x - x 2 j . f 2 x - l X L sin oi (B) ^ x2 + l j 1+X f T (C) 1 - x + x2 si

n (D) none .10 Q.6 Let g is the inverse function of f & f ' (x) = 1+a 30 (l + x2
) . If g(2) = a then g' (2) is equal to .10 (A) j, Q.7 (B) (C) 1+a (D) 1 + a10 I
f sin (xy) + cos (xy) = 0 then dy dx (C) (D) (A) x i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on Me
thod of differentiation [9]
Q.8 If y = sin-1 (A) dy 2x 2 then dx 1+x (B) is x = - 2 Vs (C) ~ 5 (D) none Q.9
The derivative of sec (A) 4 2 1 J_ ' 1 A 2 w.r.t. - j i c2 at x = is v2x -1. (B)
1/4 (C) 1 / (D) none Q.10 If y = P(x), is a polynomial of degree 3, then 2 l^J ^
Q.ll (A) P "' (x) + P ' (x) (B) P " (x). P "' (x) . j j equals : (D) a constant
(t,!v(* i v ^ v * " ^ r ,w (C) P (x). P "' (x) Let f(x) be a quadratic expressio
n which is positive for (x) + f' (x) + f" (x), then for any real x, which one is
B) g(x) > 0 (C) g(x) = 0 (D) g(x) > 0 dy If xP.yi = (x + ndependent of p but de
pendent on q (C) dependent on both p but independent of q (D) independent of p &
q both. Q.12 Q.13 Let f(x) = g(x). cos^ if x jt 0 x " where g(x) is an even fun
ction differentiable at x = 0, passing 0 if x = 0 (C) is equal to 2 + through th
e origin. Then f' (0): (A) is equal to 1 (B) is equal to 0 Q.14 t ^ Q. 15 If y =
(A) e + (D) does not exist all real x. If g(x) = f correct. (A) g(x) < 0 ( y)P+
c! then ^ is: (A) i p & q (B) dependent on
l +x " +x mnp n m p m l +x ~ +x , (B) e'mn/p m n p n then at em" is equal to: l

+x - +x " dx np/m (D) none (C) e m p n p logsm2xcosx Lim , x-0 X log. x COSsin 2
the value equal to (B)2 (C) 4 f (4) - f (x 2 ) A, X 2 (A) 1 (D) none of these Q.
16 If f is differentiable in (0,6) & f ' (4) = 5 then Limit (A) 5 Q.17 Let / =
^ (B) 5/4 xm (In x)n where m, n e N then: (C) 10 (D) 20 (A) I is independent of
m and n (B) / is independent of m and depends on m (C) I is independent of n and
dependent on m (D) / is dependent on both m and n i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on Me
thod of differentiation [ 9]
Q.18 x 1 Let fix) = 2 sinx x2 2x . Then Limit0 x -> tanx X 1 (A) 2 (B) then f '
(C) 4 (D) 12 (C) - 1 (D) 1 cosx Q.19 cosx sinx Let fix) = cos2x sin2x cos3x sin3
x (A) 0 (B) - 1 2 Q.20 People living ne a new kind where f 2 (x) ue (A)e (B)2e Q
.21 If f(4) = g(4) = 2 ; f ' (4) = 9 ; g' (4) = 6 then Limit (A) 3V2 (C) 0 Vx 2 VeOO ig q u a l tQ . (D) none Q.22 (H If fix) is a differentiable function of
x thenLimit f(x + 3 h ) - f ( x - 2 h ) = h 0 h (C) 0 (D) none & , (A)f'(x) (B)
5f'(x) If y = x + ex then (A) ex dy2 is : (B) (C) 2 Q.23 M M (D) -1 M Q.24 dy If
x2y + y3 = 2 then the value of ~ z atthepoint(l, l)is: dx (A) - 4 3 (B) (C) 12
at Mars, instead ofthe usual definition of derivative D f(x), defi of derivative
,D*f(x) by the formula f2(x + h)-f2(x) D*f(x)= Limit means [fix)]2. If fix) = x
/nx then h>0 h D*f(x)| x = e has the val (C)4e (D)none
(D) none Limit 8(x).f(a)-g(a).f(x) x- a (D) none Q.25 If f(a) = 2, f ' (a) = 1,
g(a) = - 1 , g' (a) = 2 then the value of (A) - 5 (B) 1/5 (C) 5 i| Bansal Classe
s Q. B. on Method of differentiation [9]
Q.26 ^ ji If fis twice differentiable such that f"(x) =-f(x), f'(x) = g(x) h'(x)
= [f(x)]2 + [g(x)]2 and h(0) - 2, h(l) = 4 then the equation y = h(x) represent
s: A (A) a curve of degree 2 ' (C) a straight line with slope 2 (B) a curve pass
ing throug h the origin (D) a straight line with y intercept equal to - 2. j - ^
L (2cosx + 3sinx)j Tf Q.27 The derivative ofthe Rmction, f ( x ) = c o s " 1 (
2 c o s x - 3sinx)| 3 I 7 w.r.t. yj l + x at x = is : + sin -i (A) Q.28 (B)(C) 1
0 (D) 0 A , , ca J ' X ,< t ^ ^' H q ^ c>| f 1 A,*' i * ^ * ) ' s Let f(x) be a po
lynomial in x. Then the second derivative of f(ex), is: (A) f " (e x) . ex + f '
(ex) ). e(B) f " (e x ). e2x + f ' (e x ). e2x i (D) f " (e x ) . e 2x + f ' (e
x ). ex (C) f " (ex) e 2x Q.29 The solution set of f ' (x) > g' (x), where f(x)
= - (5 2x+1 ) & g(x) = 5X + 4x (In 5) is : 2 Co*H (A) x> 1 (B) 0 < x < 1 (C) x
< 0 (D) x > 0 it you Q.30 s jw (A) If y = sin-1 x2-l + sec x2 + l 1 x2 + 1 l I d
y , 1 , I x | > 1 then is equal to : xL 1 dx 2 " T X X X X (B) x4 - 1 X (C) o (D)
1 Q.31
If y = X a+ b+ a+ b+ a+ b + a _ b (A) (B) ab + 2ay ab + 2 by o then ^y = o dx (

Q 77 + 2by (D) ab + 2ay Q.32 Let f (x) be apolynomial function of second degree.
If f (1) = f (-1) and a, b, c are in A.P., then f'(a), f'(b) and f'(c) are in (
A) G.P. (B)H.P. (C)A.G.P. (D) A.P. y yi y2 y 3 y4 y5 y6 y? y8 (A) independent of
x but dependent on m (C) depe ndent on both m & x (B) dependent of x but indepe
ndent of m (D) independent of m & x. Q. 3 3 If y=sin mx then the value of (where
subscripts of y shows the order of derivatiive) is: i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on
Method of differentiation [9]
\ Q.34 If x2 + y2 = R2 (R>0) then k= v" J where k in terms of R alone is equal t

o W-jT Q.35 (B)4 <C>f " If f&g are differentiable functions entity function th
en f' (b) has the /2 x3 Given f(x) = - + x2 sin 1.5 then: (A) f(x) is not define
d at x n 8 (B) f ' (sin 8) > 0 (D) f' (sin Q.36 Q. 3 7 A function f, defined for
all positive real numbers, satisfies the equati on fix2)=x3 for every x > 0. Th
en the value of f ' (4) = (A) 12 (B) 3 (C) 3/2 (D ) cannot be determined Q.38 Gi
ven: fix) = 4x3 - 6x2 cos 2a + 3x sin2a. sin 6a + Mn (la - a 2 ) then: (A) fix)
is not defined at x = 1/2 (C) f ' (x) is not defin ed at x = 1/2 d2v Q.39 Jx^fCc
J Q.40 If y = (A + Bx) e ^ mx (B) f ' (1/2) < 0 (D) f ' (1/2) > 0 dv - 2m ^ + m2y
is equal to : (D) (C) v-vv^ e^L + (m - l)" e then (B) e^L \-'t*\ 2 x n^J Q.41 Q
.42 A>25 Suppose/(x) = eax + ebx, where a * b, and that f (x) - 2f (x) - 1 5 / (
x ) = 0 for all x. Then the product ab is equal to () B9 () 1 C 5 " <) 9 D " Le
t h (x) be differentiable for all x and let/(x) = (kx + ex)h(x) where k is som e
constant. Ifh(0) = 5, h' (0) = - 2 and f ' (0) = 18 then the value of k is equ
al to (A) 5 (B)4 (C)3 (D)2.2 f Let e W = In x. If g(x) is the inverse function o
such that g'(a)=2& g(a)=b andif fog is an id value equal to : ; (A) 2/3 (B) 1 (
C) 0 (D) 1 a - x sin a. sin 2a - 5 arc sin (a2 - 8a + 17) = sin 8 (C) f ' (x) is
not defined at x = si 8) < 0
f fix) then g' (x) equals to : (A) ex (B) ex + x (C) e<* + eX> (D) e(x + /nx) Q.
43 dy The equation y2exy = 9e-3-x2 defines y as a differentiable function of x.
The value of for x = - 1 and y = 3 is (A)-y (B)-| (C)3 (D)15 i| Bansal Classes Q
. B. on Method of differentiation [9]
Q.44 v Let f(x) = (xx)X and g(x) = x ^ ' then: (A) f ' ( l ) = l and g ' ( l ) =
2 (C) f ' ( l ) = l and g ' ( l ) = 0 (B) f ' ( l ) = 2 and g ' ( l ) = 1 (D) f
' ( l ) = 1 and g ' ( l ) = 1 Q.45 rl&xl The function f(x) = ex + x, being diff
erentiable and one to one, has a different iable inverse f '(x). The value of (f
_1) at the point f(Vn2) is dx (A) 1 n2 (B)i (C) (D) none Q.46 I f / ( x ) = JgsinM
CQS 3 ^ lgsin|3x| COS" for l x | < | x ^ 0 v2y for x = 0 / % x % is (D)4 then, th
e number of points of discontinuity of f in (A) 0 Q.47 If y = (A) (B)3 x ) Vx yj
a-x + yjx-b .(B) r ? 3 J (C)2 dy ên wherever it is defined is equal to : dx (O(
a + b) 2V(a-x)(x-b) ,X + ( a + b ) V(a-x)(x-b) ?X"(a+b) 2V(a-x)(x-b) (D) 2x + (a
+ b) 2A/(a-x) (x-b) Q.48 d2y dy If y is a function of x then 7 + V 7 - = 0. If x
is a function of y then t he equation becomes : dx dx , AX d 2 x dx (A) - r + x
7 = 0 dy dy (C) d2x ^dx^3 =0 Vdy, dx \ dy.
2 (D) dy2 - x vdyy d2x 'dx^ 2 Q.49 A function f (x) satisfies the condition, f (
x) = f ' (x) + f " (x) + f " ' (x) + co where f (x) is a differentiable function
indefinitely and dash denotes the order of derivative. If f (0) = 1, then f (x)
is: 2 (A) e^ (B) ex (C) e2x (D) e4 x cos6x + 6cos4x + 15cos2x+10 cos5x + 5cos3x
+10 cosx (A) 2 sinx + cosx (B)-2sin x dy dx (C) cos2x ,then Q.50 If y = (D) sin
2x i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on Method of differentiation [9]
Q.51 2 cTx ^dy^ 3 d y " H 7 = K then the value of K is equal to dx I f ^ r vdxJ

(C)2 (B)-l (A)l (D)0 Q.52 If f(x) = 2sin"1 + sin-1 (2 A /x(l-x)) where x e >^ th
en f' (x) has the value equal to 2 ( ) Vx(l-x) A (B)zero if x * 0 CO" Q.53 Let y
= f(x) = 0 if x = 0 Then which of the following can best represent the graph of
y = f(x) ? 1(0,1) (A)"" ^ f Q. 5 4 Diffrential coefficient of V x n-l m-n ' m+n
N i-m ( V n+C 1
w.r.t. x is / V (A) 1 (B) 0 (C)-l imn (D)X' Q.55 (x+h) f(x) - 2hf(h) im is equal
to Let f (x) be diffrentiable at x = hthen Lim X h (A) f(h) + 2hf'(h) (B) 2f(h)
+ hf'(h) (C) hf(h) + 2f'(h) (D) hf(h)-2f'(h) Q.56 If y = at2 + 2bt + c and t =
ax2 + 2bx + c, then {; v equals (D) 24 a2 (ax + b) ' ' 1 ' ' (A) 24 a2 (at + b)
f\\vt\V êî^jcnce a arc tan (B) 24 a (ax + b)2 Vx a (C) 24 a (at + b)2 b arc t
a n has the value equal to b ) Vx a-b (A)" (B)0 (a2 - b 2 ) (Q6a 2u2 b (D) a 2 b2 3a 2 b2 i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on Method of differentiation [9]
Q.58 rx \ = / ( x ) - / ( y ) for all x,y& Let f(x) be defined for all x > 0 & b
e con tinuous. Let f(x) satisfy / yj f(e) = 1. Then : (A) f(x) is bounded (C) x.
f(x)-> 1 asx-^0 (B) fQ) -> 0 as x -> 0 (D) f(x) = /nx Q. 5 9 Suppose the functio
n /(x) -/(2x) has the derivative 5 at x = 1 and deriva tive 7 at x = 2. The deri
vative of the function/(x) -/(4x) at x = 1, has the val ue equal to t (A) 19 * (
B) 9 (C) 17 (D) 14 x4-x2+l dy Q.60 If y = ?= and = ax + b then the value of a +
b is equal to x + V3x + 1 dx ., , J>^ ^V ( A ) C O t 571 T 571 (B)cot 571 (C)tan5
T 7 (D)xmj Q.61 Suppose that h (x) =/(x)-g(x) and F(x) = /(g(x)), where/(2) = 3
; g(2) = 5 ; g'( 2) = 4 ; f'(2) = - 2 and f'(5) =11, then (A) F'(2) = 11 h'(2) (
B) F'(2) = 22h'(2 ) (C) F'(2) = 44 h'(2) (D) none Q.62 Let /(x) = x3 + 8x + 3 wh
ich one of the properties of the derivative enable s you to conclude that/(x) ha
s an inverse? (A)/(x) is a polynomial of even degre e. (B)/(x) is self inverse.
(C) domain of / ' (x) is the range of f (x). ( D ) / (x) is always positive. Q.6
3 Which one ofthe following statements is NOT CORREC T ? (A) The derivative of a
diffrentiable periodic function is a periodic functi on with the same period. (
B) If f (x) and g (x) both are defined on the entire n umber line and are apenod
ie then the function = f (x). g (x) can not be periodic . (C) Derivative of an e
ven differentiable function is an odd function and deriv ative of an odd differe
ntiable function is an even function. (D) Every function f (x) can be represente
d as the sum of an even and an odd function Select the correct alternatives : (M
ore than one are correct) Q.64 dy x tan 2x tan 3x then has the value equal to :
dx (A) 3 sec23x tanx x tan2x tan3x + 2 sec22x tan3x tanx (B) 2y (cosec 2x + 2 co
sec 4x + 3 (C) 3 sec2 3x - 2 sec2 2x - sec2 x (D) sec2 x + 2 sec2 2x + 3 sec2 3x
+ e " ^ then equals dx Vx -Vx V^ -V^ i n; 1 p^ Q.65 i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on M
ethod of differentiation [9] s If y = tan tan2x + sec2 cosec 6x) Ify = e ^
Q.66 d x2 If y = x x then ,y dx (A)2/nx.x x 2 (C) (2 In x + 1). xx2 + 1 Q.67 Let

y= ^x + Jx + Jx + (A) - oo then ^ = (B) (2/nx + l).x x (D) x x2+1 - In ex2 2y 1 (B) - 4 x + 2y (C) - f1= L x = 4 V + (D) 2x + y Q.68 If 2X + 2y = 2X+ y then
~ dy has the value equal to : dx (A)-? Q.69 du 2 (B) dv 2.2 u = u 2 + v^ 1 (C) 1 2* d2u _ (B) - = 2 v (D) none of these 2*(l-2') TO^nj The functions u = ex sinx;
v = ex cosx satisfy the equation: (A)v d2v (C) 5- = - 2 u dx Q.70 Let f(x) = . x
then: VxM-1 (A) f (10) = 1 (C) domain of f (x) is x > 1 (B) f ' (3/2) = - 1 (D)
none Q. 71 Two functions f & g have first & second derivatives at x = 0 & satis
fy the relations, f(0)= ^ - ' f'(0) = 2g'(0) = 4g(0), g"(0) = 5 f"(0) = 6f(0) =
3 then : g(0) (A) if h(x) = then h'(0)= ^4 gOO (C) L^ V ; Q.72 f'(x) = 2 , then
1 (B)
I v W
x)) '
asses
if k(x) = f(x). g(x) sin x then k' (0) = 2 (D) none ; If y= x ( ' nx) (A)
^ ( dx is equal to : (B) ^ (In x)ln{lnx^ (2 In (In x) + 1) x x + 2nx in ((n
(C) x lnx ((In x)2 + 2 In (In x)) (D) x tnx (2 In (In x) + 1) i| Bansal Cl
Q. B. on Method of differentiation [9]
ANSWER a'a KEY oz/b 99

9 b i?9b I9b 9S b i sb
a 09 b SS'b OS't) V a
ib ib 8 b b D 91?b D
irb 9ib irb 9 b rb orb
b 9b 8S'b D'a'v D'V a a a a 69 b S9b a'D'a'v D'a'v a a a 8

ZL'b D'a'v a'D'v iz/b a'v a'D a 196 Z9b Lib zsb LVb a V a
V a 6Sb a WD 6rb t^b 6b D S'b 3 a a a 8t>-b t>'b 8'b b 83'b rb
a a ivb Ofr'b S'b D zvb a a z.'b it?b 9'b 0 a D V a a a zzb irb
62 b a a a a D a
D LZ'b a V a a 3 D 9 zb V a a a V D SZ'b D Orb zzb Lib zvb Lb zb D 6rb D srb D o

rb a s-b a wb V a 6 b vb i| Bansal Classes Q. B. on Method of differentiation [9
]
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) METHOD OF DIFFRENT1ATI
ON AND L' HOSPITAL'S RULE CONTENTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III EXERCISEIV ANSWER KEY
KEY 1. DEFINITION: CONCEPTS If xandx+h belong to the domain of a function f defi

ned by y = f(x), then l i m i t f(X + h*) ffxl h-To . ^ IF IT EX ISTS , IS called
the DERIVATIVE of f at x & is denoted by x f (x) or ^ . We have therefore, f (x)
= dy . Limit f(x + h)-f(x) 2. The derivative of a given function f at a point x
= a of its domain is defined a s : Limit f(a + h)-f(a) h " h , provided the limit
exists & is denoted by f'(a). , provided the limit exists. Note that alternativ
ely, we can define f (a) = 3. DERIVATIVE OF f(x) FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE /ab IN
ITIO METHOD: Iffix)is a deriva ble function then, | Z = Limit = f ( x ) = | 4. T
HEOREMS ON DERIVATIVES : If u and v are derivable function of x, then, (i) v/ (
iii) v 7 (iv) (v) (u+v) = + dx dx dx - 7 v 7 (ii) dx (K u) = K ^ , where K is any

constant dx dx v (u. v) = u ^ ' dx v ^ dx known as " PRODUCT R U L E " (Jj = d
( 1A v () - u () 2 where v * 0 known as " QUOTIENT T" = ~ " CHAIN R U L E " RULE "
If y = fiu) & u = g(x) then dx du dx 5. DERIVATIVE OF STANDARDS FUNCTIONS: (i)
D (xn) = n.xn_1; x e R , n e R, x > 0 (ii i) D (ax) = ax. In a a > 0 (vi) D (sin
x) = cosx (ix) D (secx) = secx. tanx (xi) D (cotx) = - cosec2x (ii) D(e x ) = ex
(iv) D (In x) = (v) D (log x) = - log e X X 2 (vii) D (cosx) = - sinx (viii) D
= tanx = sec x (x) D (cosecx) = - cosecx. cotx (xii) D (constant) = 0 where D =
6. INVERSE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES : (a) Theorem: If the inverse functio
ns f & g are defined by y = fix) & x=g(y) & if f'(x) exists & f'(x) * 0 then g'(
y) = 1 . This result can also be written as, if exists & dy (b) Results : (i) D(
sin- 1 x)= . 1 2 , -1<X<1 (ii) D(cos _1 x ) = - ^ L = , - L < x < l VL-X2 VL-X ^
Bansal Classes M.O.D. andL'HospitalRule [2]
(iii) (v) D(tan-1 x)=1+x , xeR (iv) D (sec-1 x) = [x| V ^ l > X>1 D (cosec 1 x)=
-1 , |x|>l (vi) D (cot-1 x) = -1 1+x 2 , xeR Note : In general if y = f(u) then
= f'(u). . dx dx LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION: Tofindthe derivative of : (i) a fu
nction which is t he product or quotient of a number of functions (ii) s:x) OR a
function ofthe form [f(x)] where f & g are both derivable, it will be found co
nvinient to take the logarithm of the function first & then differentiate. This
is called LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION . IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION: <J>(x,y) = 0 (
i) In order to find dy/dx, in the case o f implicit functions, we differentiate
each term w.r.t. x regarding y as a funct ions of x & then collect terms in dy/d
x together on one side to finallyfinddy/dx . (ii) 9. 10. In answers of dy/dx in
the case of implicit functions, both x & y are present. dyMO PARAMETRIC DIFFEREN
TIATION: If y = f(9) & x = g(0) where 6 is a parameter, then dy dy / dx DERIVATI
VE OF A FUNCTION W.R.T. ANOTHER FUNCTION: Let y = f(x) ; z = g(x) then ^ = f'(x)
dx dx / d9 g'(x)
11. DERIVATIVES OF ORDER TWO & THREE : Let a function y = f(x) be defined on an
open interval (a, b). It's derivative, if it exists on (a, b) is a certain funct
ion f'(x) [or (dy/dx) or y ] & is called the first derivative ofy w.r.t. x. If i
t ha ppens that the first derivative has a derivative on (a, b) then this deriva
tive is called the second derivative ofy w. r. t. x & is denoted by f"(x) or (d2
y/dx2 ) or y". Similarly, the 3 order derivative of y w. r. t. x, if it exists,
is def ined by denoted by f"'(x)ory"'. f(x) g(x) v(x) h(x) w(x) f(x) u(x) g(x) v
(x) h(x) + w(x) f(x) l(x) g(x) m(x) h(x ) n(x) rd d3y d / dy n \ vdx2/ It is als
o 12. If F(x) = l(x) m(x) n(x) , where f, g, h, 1, m, n, u, v, w are differentia
ble fu nctions of x then u(x) f'(x) g'(x) h'(x) F'(x)= l(x) m(x) n(x) u(x) v(x)
w(x) l'(x) m'(x) n'(x) u'(x) v'(x) w'(x) 13. L' HOSPITAL'S RULE: Iff(x) & g(x) a
re functions of x such that : Limit _ n _ Lim it Limit Limit g(x) (0 x-ia f(x) =
0 = g(x) OR 1 m = 00 = _ (ii) (iii) Both f(x) & g(x) are continuous at x = a Bo
th f(x) & g(x) are differentiable at x = a & & and ^Bansal Classes M.O,D.and L '
Hospital Rule m
(iv) Both f'(x) & g '(x) are continuous at x = a, Limit f(x) _ Limit f(x) _ Limi
t f"( x) xâ g ( x ) Then xâ g .(x) x-*a g "(x) & so on till indeterminant form
vanishes. 14. ANALYSIS AND GRAPHS OF SOME USEFUL FUNCTIONS: (i) y = f(x) = sin1 ' 2x 1 + x2 N 2 tan"1 x W<1 1 7t - 2 tan x x>l 1 - (rc + 2 tan" xj x < - 1 HIG
HLIGHTS : (a) Domain is x R & range is % % (b) T'T f is continuous for all x but
not diff. at x = 1 -1 for x < 1 1+X non existe nt for |x| = 1 2-r for Ixl > 1 1
+x 2 1 1 tl/2 > y /1 \D 1 (c) dx =
-1 D\ 0 I -1/2 (d) (ii) I in(-1,1) & D in(-00,-1) u (l,oo) l l + XJ 2 Consider H

IGHLIGHTS : 2tan _1 x if x > 0 1 - 2 tan" x if x < 0 y< 7t / T (a) (b) Domain is
x e R & range is [0,7t) Continuous for all x but not diff. at x = 0 dy dx for x
> 0 1+X non existent for x = 0 - -2-sfor x < 0 1+x 2 D \ 7t/2 (c) (d) (iii) -1
0 I in (0, oo) & D in (- oo, 0) 2x |x|<l 2 tan"1 x 1 7i + 2tan x x<-l -1 - (71 2 tan x) x > 1 It/2 y y = f(x) = tan 1 j^j HIGHLIGHTS : (a) Domain is R - { 1 ,
- 1 } & range is f TZ % 1/ -1 (b) f is neither continuous nor diff. at x = 1, -1
dy dx 1x1*1 1 +-x non existent Ix l = 1 (e) 2 (c) (d) y r
0 1 A -n/2 ' I Vx in its domain It is bound for all x ^Bansal Classes M.O,D.and
L 'Hospital Rule m
- + 3 sin 1 xj if _1 -l<x<-^ (iv) y = f (x) = sin" (3 x - 4 x ) = 3sin x n - 3si

n-1x HIGHLIGHTS 1 3 if if 4<x<i |<X<1 (a) Domain is x e [ - 1 , 1 ] & range is 7
1 71 2'2 2 (b) Not derivable at Ixl = 11 (C) dx = 3 if *6(-W)uft.i) (d) (v) Cont
inuous everywhere in its domain 3cos_1x-27i 1 3 _1 if 1<X<-1 y = f(x) = cos" (4x
- 3 x) = 2 7c 3cos x i f 3cos _ 1 x if HIGHLIGHTS :
-|<x<I ^<x<l (a) (b) Domain is x e [-1,1] & range is [0, 7t] Continuous everywhe
re in its domain but not derivable at x = - , - 2 2 (c) Iin|-i,IJ& Din U (d) = dx
lf * e (-W)ufc,i) GENERAL NOTE : Concavity in each case is decided by the sign o
f 2nd derivative as : ^ T > 0 => Concave upwards D = DECREASING I = INCREASING d
2y dV dx:2 < 0 => Concave downwards ^Bansal Classes M.O,D.and L 'Hospital Rule m
EXERCISE-I Q.l / Find the derivative of the following functions w.r.t. x from th
efirstprinc iple: cos(Znx), (sinx)cosx, logaC wherea = x x & Cis constant, ^sin
Vx and cos"1 (x2). Vl + x 2 W l - x 2 Q ^ , Differentiate ^ w.r.t. Vl-x 4 . 2 ^
2 Q.3 (a) Let f (x) = x2 - 4x - 3, x > 2 and let g be the inverse of f. Find the
value of g' where f (x) = 2. (b) Let / , g and h are differentiable functions.
If /(0) = 1 ;g(0)=2 ; h (0) = 3 and the derivatives of their pair wise products
at x = 0 are (f g)' (0) = 6 ; (g h)'(0) = 4 and (hf)'(0) = 5 then compute the va
lue of (fgh)'(O). s. rcsin y o 2 2 Q.4 If v . Provethat x>0. dx (x-y) Q.5 Ify =
x + x+ 1 x+ 1 x+. ...... , prove that = dx 2 Z x+ x_ 1 x_l x+. Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 c
. \ If x = cosec 9 - sin 9 ; y = cosec" 9 - sin" 9, then show that ( x 2 + 4) dy
- n 2 (y 2 + 4) = 0 vdxy Ify = (cosx) /nx + (lnx)x find If V l - x + V l - y 6
6 3 dy dx' 3 3 = dy = a (x -y ), prove that dx x 2 11 y6 1 y 2 lV l - x 6 Find t
he derivative with respect to x ofthe function : (locosX s i n x ) Oogsinx C0SX )
_I + arcsin at X= j . Q.10 If x = 2cost - cos2t & y = 2sint - sin2t, find the v
alue of (d2y/dx2) when t = (n/2). Q.ll If y=tm'1-7J= & x = sec-1 2 2 2u Vl-u , U
S ' V2 J -1 u f 1 VV 2 '
\ , dy prove that 2 + 1= 0. f ~ _, -i Vl + sinx + Vl-sinx dy Q.12 T y= cot , If

, find jd-x if XG Vl + s i n x - V l - s i n x Q.19 u ^ 71 ^ dy + sin 2 tan" IIZ
i , then find forx e (-1,1). 1+x dy I f y = sec4x and x = tan (t), prove that dt
1 Q.14 16t(l-t 4 ) ( l - 6 t 2 +t 4 ) 2 ^Bansal Classes M. O.D. and L 'Hospital
Rule [6]
Q 15=v Q.16 Q.17 If (x-a) 4 4 f W = (x-b) (x-c) 4 (x-a) 3 1 (x-a) 4 (x-b) 3 1 th

en f ' (x) = k. (x-b) 4 (x-c) 3 1 (x-c) 4 nx [f(x) f (x-a) 2 (x-b) 2 (x-c) 2 1 1
. Find the value of X. 1 If [ f (x) ]3 = 3 K x2 - x3 then f " (x) + If y = = 0.
Find the value of n in terms of K. + xVx 2 +1 + ZnVxWx^+T prove that 2y = xy' +
In y'. where' denotes the derivativ e. 1-x2 Q. 18(a) Find the derivative of cos
-l when - oo < x < 0, using the substitu tion x=tan 9. vl + x y (b) Iff(x)= sin"
1 V 'J Also draw the graph of y= f(x) and state its range and monotonic behaviou
r. r Q.1% Ify = tan V 1+ x ,findf'(x) V x e R , clearly stating the point(s) whe
re f(x) is not derivable. 7/ d^y _ bsinx - - tan , then show that 2 'a + b 2/ y
dx (a + bcosx)2 v r Q.20 I f f : R-R is a function such that f(x) = x3 + x2 f'(l)
+xf"(2) + f "'(3) fo r all x e R, then prove that f(2) = f ( l ) - f ( 0 ) . Q.2
1Îfy = x/n[(ax)" + a - ], prove that cos(x+x 2 ) sin(x+x 2 ) cos(x-x2) 0 1 1 x(
x + 1) ^T d2y + dy = y_1 -cos(x+x2) sin(x-x2) sin2x 2
O p , Ifflx) sin(x-x2) sin2x then find f*(x). Q.23 1 2x + 1 2x + 2x + oo Compute

the value of /(100) / ' (100). If (a + bx) e y / x =x, then prove that If y-2 =
i + 2V2 cos 2x, prove that .2 dx = [x^-y = y(3y:2 +1) (7y2 -1) Let f(x) = x + 1
Q.24 Q.25 EXERCISE-II Q.l e ex ex dv x If y = e x +e x +x e . Find Q.2 sina dy
If sin y = x sin (a + y), show that = l - 2 x cosa+x 2 ' dx dx ^Bansal Classes M
. O, D. and L 'Hospital Rule m
Q.3 If a be a repeated root of a quadratic equation f(x) = 0 & A(x), B(x), C(x)
be t he polynomials of degree 3, 4 & 5 respectively, then show that denotes the
deriv ative. A(x) B(x) A (a) B(a) A'(a) B'(a) C(x) C(a) C'(a) is divisible by f(
x), where dash Q.4 If y = tan"1 x +x + l + tan"1 x +3x + 3 2 + tan"1 2 x +5x+7 + t
an"1 l2 x +7x + 13 + to n terms. Find dy/dx, expressing your answer in 2 terms. Q.
5 cos3x dy If y = arc cos J . E xpress explicitly and then show that = J c q s 2
x VCSX O V If x = tan - In 2 + cqs4x , sinx>0. si Q.6 (l + tan|)2 tanf Show that
- = - sin y (1 + sin y + cos y). dy dx 1 2 Q.7 Q.8 d2f = 2 z 3 ^ + z4d2y If x =
- and y = f(x), show that : 2 z dx dz dz2 Prove tha t if | aj sinx + ajSin 2x +
+ ansin nx ] < | sinx | for x e R, then \al+2al + 3n3 + + na n | < 1
Q.9 Ify = /n x e find dy dx' Q.10 If x 4 + 7 x 2 y 2 + 9 / = 24xy 3 , showthat ^

= dx x r g(x), x <0 x>0 Q. 11 Let g(x) be a polynomial, of degree one&/(x) be d
efined by f(x) = Find the continuous function f(x) satisfying f'(l) = f(-l) Q.12
Let f(x) : Q.13 V2 + Xy sinx if x * 0 and f (0) = 1. Define the function f" (x)
for all x andfindf" (0) if it exist. x d2y dy 2 Show that the substitution z =
/ n tan changes the equation J + cot x + 4y cos ec x = 0 to dx v 2y dx' (d2y/dz2) +
4 y = 0. 3/2 1+ Q.14 Show that R = d^y dx 2 can be reduced to the form R2/3 = 1
d^y dx 2 2/3 + 1 2/3 dy 2 Also show that, if x=a sin2O(l+cos20) & y=acos20 (1cos20) then the value of R equals to 4a cos39. X . X Q- 15 If .2 + y = =
1 + ^ + (x-x7xx^-x 2 ) (x-x 1 )(x X -x X 2 )(x-x 3 ) + U P t0 ( n + Dtermsthenpr

ovethat dy dx x. y + +...+ + xn-x x Xj X X2 X X3 X <Bansal Classes M.O.D. andL'Ho
spitalRule [8]
b+x c+x Q.16 Let f(x) = +x m+x n+x . Showthat f "(x) = 0 and that f(x) = f(0) + k
x where k denotes p+x q+x r+x the sum of all the co-factors of the elements in
f (0). Q.17 If y = logu | cos4x | + | sinx | , where u = sec2x, find 1 ,/a 2 - b
2 - c 2 aG - a 2 + b2 + c 2 e Vb2 + c2 dy dx x=-7t/ 6 a+x Q.18 Ify= cos l< dy 1
&9 = a + bcosx + csinx;provethat = . Q.19 Prove that cosx + cos3x + cos5x + + c o
s ( 2 n - l ) x = : L ,x*K7t,K.eI and deduce from IN /O i\ [(2n+1)sin(2n-1)x-(2n1)sin(2n+l)x] 1 4 sin x sin2nx 2sinx this: sinx +3sin3x+5sin5x +....+ (2n - 1) s
in (2n - 1) x = 1 r . Q.20 Find a polynomial function /(x) such that /(2x) = / '
(x)/M (x). Q.21 IfY=s X and Z=tX, where all the letters denotes the functions o
fx and suffixes denotes the differentiation w.r.t. x then prove that X Y Z X, Y,
Z, Y2 Zj X3 s 2 s, t, t2 f x + y\ Q. 22 Let f: R -> ( - %, n) be a derivable fu
nction such that f (x) + f (y) = f .1 - xyj Iff(l)=^ & LhmtM=2> findf(x)_ Q.23 L
et fix) be a derivable function at x = 0 & f[ is either a zero or an odd l inear
function. Q.24 x + y) f (x) + f (y) (k e R, k * 0,2). Show that fix) If f(x+y)
= fix)-fiy) for x, y e R&fix) is differentiable everywhere then find f ix). f(x
+ y ) - f ( x ) 2 Q.25 Let f(y)-a 2 +xy for all real x and y. Iff (x) is differe
ntiable and f'(0) exists for all Pro ve that f (x) is positive for all real x. r
eal permissible values of'a' and is equal to ^ 5 a - l - a 2
EXERCISE-III Evalute the following limits using L'Hospital's Rule or otherwise :

Ql Q.3 Lim x -0 1- x xsin ' x L j m xcosx - ln(l+x) Q.2 Q.4 x-0 1 Lim 1 x-*0 x 2
sin 2 x im If La V J- T x > x a = -1 find'a'. ^Bansal Classes M.O,D.and L 'Hospit
al Rule m
Q 5 T. 1 + sinx-cosx+ /n(l-x) x ^ Q.6 T. ^ ^ . ( t a n ^ x ) Q.7 Determine the va

lues of a, b and c so that Tim (a + bcosx)x-csinx 5 = 1 X . . fsinxV 3x n\ | + x3
^ x ~ 0 Lim sinx-(sinx) sinx . "2 1-sinx + In (sinx) (x-sinx) (l-cosx) Q.10 Fin
d the value of J{0) so that the function /(x)= 1 x e2x - 1 2 , x * 0 is continuo
us at x = 0 & examine the differentiability of f(x) at x = 0. n 11 ^ Q.12 j Lim s
in(3x ) /n.cos(2x2-x) r\ t i m a s i n x - b x + cx 2 +x 3 . , , , ,. . If "to 1
o 5 j exists & is finite, find the values of a, b, c & the limit. 2x ,/n(l + x)
- 2x + x l-sin Q.13 Given/(x) = forx>l ; where h(x) = sin"1 (sgn(x))& 2sin-i+cos2
j-i
lg(h(x)) forx<l g (x) = I x I + {-x} + [x], where {x} is thefractionalpart ofx,

[x] is the integral part ofx & sgn (x) is the signum of (x). Discuss the continu
ity of f in ( - co, 2). Q.14 Given a real valued function f(x) as follows: f(x)
= x 2 + 2co<?x 2 -4 for x<0; f(0)= & f(x) = 1 sinx - &i(ex cosx) 1 ^ forx>0. Te
st the continuity and differentiability of/(x) at x=0. EXER CISE-IV Q.l (a) (b)
Find the values of constants a, b & c so that Lim b / n ( l + x) + c xe _ ^ x->o
x sin x Find the differential coefficient of the function f(x) = log^ sinx2 + (s
inx2)1082" w.r.t. 1 [REE'97, 6 + 6] 2 Q.2 bx , c Ify= + + + (x-a)(x-b)(x-c) (x-b)
(x-c) (x-c) 2 y'.1/ a b c 1, Prove that - = - 1 - = - + y xVa-x b - x c-xj [ JEE
'98, 8 ] \ Q.3 If f (x) = ^ ^ 'then find t h e d o m a i n 311(1 t h e r a n 8 e
o f f Show that f is one-one. Alsofindthe function [ REE '99, 6 ] <Bansal Classe
s and its domain. M.O.D. andL'HospitalRule [10]
Q.4(a) If x2 + y 2 = l , t h e n : (A) yy" - 2 (y')2 + 1 = 0 (C) y y " - ( y ' )

2 - l = 0 (b) Suppose p (x) = a0 + a t x + % x +. \al+2a2 + + n an | < 1 . Q.5(
a) If In (x + y) = 2xy, theny' (0) = (A)l (B)-l , . -J x + c bsin I 2 . (b) f(x
) = 2 (B) (D) y y " + (y')2 y y " + 2 (y') + 1 - 0 2 + 1 = 0 [JEE 2000, Screenin
g, 1 out of 3 5 ] + an x n . If | p (x) | < | ex 1 - 1 | for all x > 0 prove tha
t [ JEE 2000 (Mains) 5 out of 100 ] (C)2 (D)0 [JEE 2004 (Scr.)] - < x <0 2 at x =
0 0<x < 2 If f (x) is differentiable at x = 0 and | c | < 1/2 thenfindthe value
of'a' and prove that 64b2 = 4 - c2. [JEE 2004 , 4 out of 60] Q.6(a) If y = y(x)
and it follows the relation x cos y + y cos x = n, then y"(0) (A) 1 (B)-l (C) 7
t 2 e ]_ ; ax/2_1 (D) n (b) If P(x) is a polynomial of degree less than or equal
to 2 and S is the set o f all such polynomials so that P(l) = 1, P(0) = 0 and P
'(x) > 0 V x e [0,1], the n (A) S = c|) (B) S = {(1 - a)x2 + ax, 0 < a < 2 2 (C)
(1 - a)x + ax, a e (0, oo ) (D) S = {(1 - a)x2 + ax, 0 < a < l [JEE2005 (Scr.)]
(c) I f / ( x - y) =/(x) g (y) - / ( y ) g (x) and g (x - y) = g (x) g (y) +/(x
) -/(y) for all x, y e R. I f right hand derivative at x = 0 exists for/(x). Fin
d derivative of g (x) at x = 0. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4] Q.7 Forx> 0, Lim((sinx) 1/
x + ( l / x f 1 x ) is v xMD ' (A)0 (B)-l (C)l (D)2 [JEE 2006, 3 (-1)] <Bansal Cla
sses M.O.D. andL'HospitalRule
[11]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q 2. Q9. lWl-x4 ,lnx Q 3. (a) 1/6; (b) 16 Q 7. Dy = (cosx)
1 ln(cosx) - tanx lnx (Hx lnx + ln(lnx) 32 16 + 7t l +x 8 1n2 2 3 Q 10. - 2 1 1 Q
1 2 . or- Q13. -or 2 2 l-2x Q 15. 3 Q 1 6 . n = 2K2 Q.23 100 Q 18. ( a ) ; (b){
0), range n n 2'2 Q.22 2(1 + 2x). cos 2(x + x2) EXERCISE-II 6 lnx Q 1. = e ^ V +e
X! +exX x e_1 x x6 [l + elnxj+x6 eeX dx l l Q4 Q 5 Q9 'l+(x + n ) 2 T ^ ' >' = s
i n _ 1 ^ t a n x > ' 1 X1 he lnx x y x inx + x Aix Iny + l x" nx (1-x-y^na) i ;f"
(0) = - ~ - + ; n - x if x < 0 / 6 2 Q 11. f(x) = U+x, Q- 1 7 dy -V3(12 + ln2) &
= ln4 if x > 0 4x Q.12 f'(x) = 1 3 r x cos x - sin x . if x Tt 0 if x = 0
Q.20 1 Q 22. f(x) = 2 tan"1 x Q 24. f(x) = 0 or f(x) = ekx EXERCISE-III 5 QL1 Q2
.1 Q3.-? Q 4. a= 1 Q5. 1 Q 6. 1 Q 7. a = 120; b = 60; c = 180 Q 8. 2 Q9-2/5 Q.10
f(0) = 1; differentiable atx= 0 , f(0 + ) = -(1/3); f(0") = -(1/3) Q12. a = 6 ,
b = 6 , c = 0 ; 40 Q 14. fis con t. but not derivable at x = 0 Q.l (a) a = 3, b
= 12, c = 9 Q 11. - 6 Q 13. f is discont. only at x = 0 in (-co, 2) EXERCISE-IV
(b) 2^x + x [/n2(x) (sin x2)/n x (2x2 /nx. cot x2 + In (sin x2)) + 2x2 . /nx (c
o t x2) - In (sin x2)] 'l xln x Q.3 Domain of f (x) = R - ( - 2, 0}; Range off(x
)= R - { - 1/2,1} ; ^ [ f ( x ) ] = Q.5 (a) A; (b) a = 1 (1 Jx)2 Domain of f" 1
(x) = R - { - 1/2, 1} Q.4 (a) B Q.6 (a) C;(b)B; (c)g'(0) = 0 Q.7 C <Bansal Classe
s M.O.D. andL'HospitalRule [12]
| BAN SAL CLASSES ^ TARGET IIT JEE 2007 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY XII & XIII FINAL PRA
CTICE PROBLEMS FOR IIT JEE-2007 (With Answers) ALL THE BEST FOR JEE - 2 0 0 7
Q. 1 Q.2 Wave number of the second line of Paschen series of hydrogen atom is (R
H = 10970 0 cm ! ) (A) 18750 A (B) 3452 A (C) 7801 A (D) 1542656 A Radiation cor
responding to the transition n = 4 to n = 2 in hydrogen atoms falls on a certain
metal (wo rk function = 2.0 eY). The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectro
ns will be (A) 0.55 eV (B) 2.55 eV (C) 4.45 eY (D) none The maximum number of el
ectrons in a subshell having the same value of spin quantum number is given by (
A) 1 + 2 (B ) 21 + 1 (C) 2(2/+1) (D) None 1 When a graph is plotted with log (Ke
q) v/s , then intercept on log (Keq) axis will be AH ( A )2.303R T^T AH0 v B)-TTT^
r ( 7 2.303R T AS (Q R ASo v(D) ' 2.303R Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 For the synthesis of NH3 from
the Haber process starting with stoichiometric amo unt of N2 and H2, the attain
ment of equilibrium is predicted by which curve: N2( g) + 3H2(g) >2NH,(g) t: (A)
Q.6 I)' Nil, t; ' H n NH3 -NI I, (D)L (C)lN ft 2 -H, N 2 The reaction A(g) + B(
g) ^ C(g) + D(g) is elementry 2nd order reaction opposed b y elementry second or
der reaction. When started with equimolar amounts of A and R, at equilibrium, it
is found that the conc. of Ais twice that of C. Specific r ate for forward reac
tion is 2 x 10"3 mol 1 Lsec ! . The specific rate constant f or backward reactio
n is (A) 5.0 x 10"4 M"1 sec"1 (B) 8 x 10"3 M"1 sec"1 (C) 1.5 x 102 M 1 sec"! (D)
none of these Question No. 7 to 8 ( 2 questions) A 0.5 L rea ction vessel which
is equipped with a movable piston is filled completely with a IM aqueous soluti
on of H 2 0 2 .The H 2 0 2 decomposes to H 2 0 and 0 2 (g) in a first order proc
ess with half life 10 hrs at 300 K. As gas decomposes, the pis ton moves up agai
nst constant external pressure of 750 mm Hg. Q.7 Q.8 What is the net work done b
y the gas from the start of sixth hour till the end o f 10 hrs? (A) 100 J (B) 12
0 J (C) 130 J (D) 150 J If AH for decomposition of H20 2(aq.) is X K J/mole, how
much heat has been exchanged with surrounding to maint
ain temperature at 300 K (in KJ) from the start of 6th hour till the end of 10th
hour. (A) -0.1035 X (B)-0.2070 X (C)-0.052 X (D) 0.026 X During study of a liqu
id phase reaction A (aq) > B (aq) + C (aq) the variation in concentration of B
w ith time is given t/min 0 10 20 30 oo conc. (B) mole/L 0 0.1 0.19 0.271 1 The
in itial rate of reaction was? (A) 1.76 x lo-4 M sec"1 (B) 2.76 x lO^M sec"1 1 (
C) 3.86 x iO^M sec(D) 2 xio^Msec- 1 Q.9 (feBansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007
[7 ]
Q.IO A catalyst increases the (A) rate of forward reaction only (B) free energy
chang e in the reaction (C) rates of both forward and reverse reactions (D) equi
libriu m constant of the reaction The conductance of a salt solution (AB) measur
ed by t wo parallel electrodes of area 100 cm2 separated by 10 cm was found to b
e 0.0001 Q _1 . If volume enclosed between two electrode contain 0.5 mole of sal
t, what is the molar X conductivity(Scm2mol_1) of salt at same conc. (A) 0.01 (B
) 0.02 X 5 10cm (C) 2 x 10" (D) none of these Q.ll Y400cm2 Q.12 Arrange the foll
owing electrolytes in the increasing order of coagulation power for the coagulat
ion of A S 2 S 3 solution. (I) Na 3 P0 4 (II) MgCl2 (III) A1C13 ( A ) I < II < I
II (B) III = II < I ( C ) I <111 < 1 1 (D) III < I < II If Pd v/ s P (where P de
notes pressure in atm and d denotes density in gm/L) is plotted f or H2 gas d (i
deal gas) at a particular temperature. If dP (Pd) (A) 40 K (B) 400 K 10, then th
e temperature will be (D) none Q.13 P=8.21atm (C) 20 K Q.14 A sample of phosphor
us that weighs 12.4 gm exerts a pressure 8 atm in a 0.821 li tre closed vessel a
t 527C. The molecular formula ofthe phosphorus vapour is (A)P 2 (B)P4 (C)P 6 (D)P
g For a gas deviation from ideal behaviour is maximum at (A) 0C and 1.0 atm (B)
100C and 2.0 atm (C) -10C and 1.0 atm (D) - 1 0 c a n d 4 0 a t m An ideal gaseous
mixture of ethane (C2H6) and ethene (C2H4) occupies 28 litre at STP. The mixtur
e reacts completely with 128 gm 0 2 to produce C0 2 and H2Q. Mole fraction at C2
H6 in the mixture is (A) 0.6 (B) 0.4 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.8 100 cm3 of a solution of an
acid (Molar mass = 82) containing 39 gm of the acid per litr e were completely
neutralized by 95.0 cm3 of aq. NaOH containing 20 gm of NaOH p er 500 cm3. The b
asicity of the acid is (D) data insufficient (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 SPM Study the fol
lowing figure and choose the correct options. i (A) There will be no net moment
of any substance across the membrane 0.2 M a q . ;0,15Maq. (B) CaCL will flow to
wards the NaCl solution. NaCl Solution I CaCl-, Solution (C) Na Cl will flow tow
ards the CaCl2 solution. (D) The osmotic pressure of 0.2 M NaCi is lower than th
e osmotic pressure of 0.15 M CaCl2, assuming complete dissociati on of electroly
te. Q.15 Q.16 Q.17 Q.18 ^
Q.19 What is [Ag' J in a solution made by dissolving both Ag 2 Cr0 4 and Ag 2 C

2 0 4 until saturation is x 10 ! 2 reached with respect to both salts. K sp (Ag
2 C 2 0 4 ) = 2 x 10 n , K sp (Ag 2 Cr0 4 ) : 4 5 6 (A) 2.80 x 10(B) 7.6 x 10" (
C) 6. 63 x !0" " (D) 3.52 x (feBansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [7 ]
0,20 A3B2 is a sparingly soluble salt of molar mass M (g moH) and solubility x g
lit1. The ratio ofthe molar concentration of B3~ to the solubility product of t
he s alt is x5 1 M4 1 M4 Q.21 A 1 litre solution containing NH4C1 and NH4OH has
hydroxide ion concentration of 10~6 mol/lit. Which of the following hydroxides c
ould be precipitated when the solution is added to 1 litre solution of 0.1 M met
al ions i Ag(OH) (K sp = 5 x l Cr3) II Ca(OH)2 (K sp = 8 x l (r 6 ) 11 ffl Mg(OH
)2 (K sp = 3 x 1CT ) IV Fe(OH)2 (K sp = 8 x 10"16) (A) I, II, IV " (B) IV (C) II
I and IV (D) II, III, IV From s eparate solutions of four sodium salts NaW, NaX,
NaY and NaZ had pH 7.0, 9.0, 10 .0 and 11.0 respectively. When each solution wa
s 0.1 M, the strongest acid is: ( A) HW (B) HX (C) HY (D) HZ AG for the conversi
on of 2 mol of C6H6(f) at 80C (norm al boiling point) to vapour at the same tempe
rature and a pressure of 0.2 atm is (A) -9.44 Kcal/mol (B) -2.27 Kcal/nioi (C) 1.135 Kcal/moi (D) zero A certain i deal gas has C v m = a + bT, where a = 25.0
J/(mol. K) and b = 0.03 J (mol.K2), Let 2 mole of this gas go from 300 K and 2.0
litre volume to 600 K and 4.0 litre . AS,,.,. is gdS (A) 32.08 J/K (B)-1-2 08 J
/K (C) 64.17 J/K (D) None What is ArG (KJ/mole) for synthesis of ammonia at 298
K at following sets of partial pressu re: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ^ 2NH 3 (g); ArG = -33 K
J/mole. [Take R = 8.3 J/K mole, log2 = 0.3; log3 = 0.48] Gas Pressure (atm) N2 1
H, 3 NH3 0.02 Q.22 Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 Q.26 (A)+ 6.5 (B) - 6.5 (C) + 60.5 (D)-60.5 G
ive the correct order of initials T (tru e) or F (false) for following statement
s. (I) Two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of three quantum num
bers (II) The lowest energy configuration for an atom with electrons in a set of
degenerate orbital s is that having the maximum number of unpaired electrons wi
th the same spin. (III) (IV) The value of (PV) / (RT) at critical state is 0.325
Tr 8 The ratio of Critical Constants -- is p Rxb r c (A) TTFF (B) FTFT (C)FFTT Q
. 27 (D) TTTF Give the correct order of initials T (true) or F (false) for follo
wing statement s. (i) The ratio of the radii of the first three Bohr orbit of hy
drogen atom is 1 : 8 : 27 (ii) (iii) (iv) A m (molar conductivity) for a strong
electrolyte decreases as the electrolyte con centraton increases. The frequency
of a green light is 6 x io 14 Hz, then its wa velength is 500 nm The mass of an
equivalent of H 3 P0 4 when it combines with NaOH using the equat ion H3PG4 + 2N
aOH > Na2HP04 + 2H 2 0 is 49 g. ( A)FFTT (B) FTFT * (C) TFTF (D)FT TT
^Bansa I Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [4]
Q.28 Give the correct order of initials T (true) or F (false) for following stat
ement s I. An azeotropic solution of two liquids has a boiling point lower then
either of them when it shows negative deviation from Raoult's Law. II. The fract
ion of volume occupied by atoms in a body centered cubic unit cell is 0.74. III.
In th e face-centered cubic unit cell of closest packed atoms, the radius of at
oms in terms V'3a of edge length (a) of unit cell is IV. If the anions (Y) form h
exagona l closest packing and cations (X) occupy only 2/3 octahedral voids in it
, then t he general formula of the compound is X0Y3(present in 2 : 3). (A)FFFT (
B)FFTT (C ) TFFT ' (D) TTFF Q.29 Which of the following statement(s) is/are corr
ect: Statement (a) : For the reac tion Br, + QH~ > B r + BrOT + H2G, The equival
ent weight of 3M Br2 is - y where M = Molecular weight. Statement (b) : For an a
queous solutio n to be neutral it must have pH = 7 Statement (c) : For the react
ion 1 1 N2 + NO equilibrium constant is KL and 2NO ^ N 2 + (X equilibrium consta
nt is K2 then K2. KL = 1 Statement (d) : If the partial orders are equal to corr
esponding coefficients in the balanced reac tion, the reaction must be elementar
y (simple) (A) Statement a (B) Statement b, d (C) Statement a. b, d (D) All Q.30
Give the correct order of initials T (true) or F (false) for following statemen
ts. I. If the equilibrium constants for the reaction Br, ^ 2Br at 500 K and 700
K are 10"10 and 10~5 respectively, then reac tion is exothermic. II. When a solu
tion prepared by mixing 90 ml of HQ solution (pH = 3), 10 mi solution of NaOH (p
H = 11) and 60 ml water will be 3.1. III. IV. In the nuclear reaction p 5 U 7 Pb
. the total number of a and (3 particles lost would bell. An aqueous solution of
an alcohol (B P 56C) in water (B.P. 100C) has vapour pressure more than that of w
ater. (A)TFTT (B)FFFT (C) FFTF (D)FFTT (feBansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [
7 ]
ANSWER Q.l V = - = Rt Q.2 Sol. A En = 13.6 eV ; E2 = 13.6 ; = 13.6 eV/atom _1 3

2 _ 1_ 52 y = 7801 cm"1 AE = E4 - E2 = 2.55 eV Absorbed energy = work function o
f metal + K.E. 2.55 = 2 + K.E. K.E. = 0.55 eV Ans. Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Sol. Q.7 Sol.
B D A B k = k / e k K c b i eq At the end of 5 hours A A at the end of 10th hour
s \ , 2 = 2~ Aq = 0 . 2 0 7 ^ ~ 2 ~ V2 => 0.2071 mole/L amount decayed in 0.5 L
= 0.2071/2 \, 2 1 An A0 r V2-1 0.2071" f 0.2071^ moles of 0 2 formed = ~ ( mole
4 2 j W = -PAV = -nRT = - (0.20 71/4) x 8.314 x 300 = -129.14 Joule Q.8 Sol. Q.9
I A Heat exchanged (q ) A C B G* / a 10 100 0.1 ; G = 0.0001 S ; V = 100 x 10=
100 0 cm3 = 1 litre
K = G G * = 0. x 0 . 0 0 0 1 = 10- 5 KXIOO (0. l x 0 . 0 0 0 1 ) x 1 0 0 0 0.5 ^

0.2071 x AH = -0.1035 X kJ/mole Q.10 Q.ll Sol. M (feBansal Classes = 0.02 Scm2 m
oH Ans. Problems for JEE-2007 [7]
Q.12 Sol. Q.13 Sol. As2S3 is negativley charged sol., so coagulation power Al3+
> Mg 2+ > Na+ A PM = dRt f M \ V RT J T = 40 K Q.14 Q.15 Q.16 Sol. d(Pd) _ 2PM d
P ~ RT 10 2x8.21x2 0.0821xT = 10 B D B C2H6 + 3.5 0 2 -> 2C0 2 + 3H 2 0 ; C2H4 +
3 0 , -> 2C0 2 + 21^0 Let vol. o f ethane is x 22.4 x 4 = 3.5 x + 3 ( 2 8 - x )
89.6 = 3.5 x + 84 - 3x x = 11.2 l itrE at const. T & PV a n Mole fraction of C
2 H 6 in mixture 11.2 28 xlOO = 0.4 Q.17 Sol. B meq" + acid = meqn of base Acid:
3.9 gm acid present in 100 cm3 Base: 20 gm Na OH present in 500 cm3 NIV,=N 2 V
2 39 () J In f 20 x 1000 = 95 x I xlOO V40500 n=2 Q.18 Sol. D 7tj = ij x CjRT ; 7
t2 = i2 x C2RT = 2 x 0.2RT; =3xO."l5RT h<n2 D [only solvent (H 2 0) molecules ca
n passed through SPM] Q.19 Sol. Ag 2 Cr0 4 (s) ^ 2Ag+ (aq) + CrO 2 " (aq) 2x + 2
y + x y Ag 2 C 2 0 4 (s) ^ 2Ag (aq) + C 2 0 2 - (aq) 2y + 2x K sp, x 2x10" x = = _ ;t=> - =0.1 K so y 2xl0 y 2 x 10"11 = (2x + 2y)2.y = (2.2y)2.y 2 x 10~n = 4.
84 y3 y = 1.6 x 10"4 x = 0.16 x 10"14 Total (Ag+) = 2x + 2y = (2 x 0.16 + 2 x 1.
6) x 10^ = 3.52 x 10"4
Ans. (feBansal Classes Problems for JEE-2007 [7]
Q.20 Sol. C Solubility A3B2(S) ^ S = x/M 3A 2 " (aq) + 2 B 3 " (aq) 3S , 2S . [A

3-] 2S 1 1 M4 Ksp=(3S)W Q.21 B = JOBS' ; L - J - ^ = ^ Sol. when 1 litre each are
mixed [OH"] = 10"6 M (Buffer solution) Mn+ = 0.05 M for M2 + = Q = [0.5][10-6]2
= 5 x 10~14 Q > K s p only for Fe2+ only Fe(OH)2 is ppt. A B Q.22 Q.23 Sol. C6H6
(/) -> C6H6(g) At 1 atm, AG = 0 we know for reversible processes, dG = VmdP - Sd
T dT = 0, dG = VmdP for a reaction, d(AG) = n(AVm)dP (for n moles) P (Gibbs equa
tion) 2 P 2 Jd(AG) - n j(AV m )dP; Pi Pi n = 2 and, AVm = V g P t = 1 atm and P
2 = 0.2 atm - V R T g = ~ AG0.2 atm - AG, a t m = n J => Q.24 Sol. C , r nC v dT
jds = J + ? H P
1 ^ ^ AG 1 atm = 0 AG0 2 atm - 2 x RT In = - 2.27 Kcal/mol 0.2 r dT f ( a + bT)d

T j nR = 2j + fRJW n r (25 + 0.03T)dT 2J - d V = 2j i ' + 2R^n2 = 2[25 ^n2 + 0.03
[T2 - T J ] + 2Rin2 => 2[25 x 0.693 + 0.03 x 300] + 2 x 8.314 x 0.693 = 52.65 +
11.52 AS = 64.17 J/k Q.25 D P2 NH3 Sol. AG = AG + RT In 0 Pn 2 xPH 2 AG = -3300
0+ 8.314 x 2.303 log Q.26 A Q.27 D Q.28 A (0.02) f - = - 60.5 kJ/mole 1x3 Q.29 A
Q.30 D Problems for JEE-2007 (feBansal Classes [7 ]
1 Q.> Q.2 S BANSAL CLASSES Target IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS Daily Practice Proble
ms CLASS : XII (ABCD) DPP ON PROBABILITY DPR NO.- 1 st After 1 Lecture 100 cards
are numbered from 1 t o 100. The probability that the randomly chosen card has
a digit 5 is: (A) 0.01 (B) 0.09 (P^0.19 (D) 0.18 A quadratic equation is chosen
from the set of all the quadratic equations which are unchanged by squaring thei
r roots. The chance that the chosen equation has equal roots, is: (A) 1/2 (B) 1/
3 (C) 1/4 (D) 2/3 Q.3 i If the letters ofthe word "MISSISSIPPI" are written down
at random in a row, the probability that no two S's occur together is : (A) 1/3
(B) 7/33 (C) 6/13 (D) 5 /7 A sample space consists of 3 sample points with assoc
iated probabilities give n as 2p, p 2 ,4p - 1 then (A)p=VU-3 (B)VT0-3 (C) 1/4<p
< 1/2 (D)none Q.4 Q.5 A committee of 5 is to be chosen from a group of 9 people.
The probability that a certain married couple will either serve together or not
at all is: (A) 1/2 (B ) 5/9 (C) 4/9 (D) 2/3 Qj) There are only two women among
20 persons taking part in a pleasure trip. The 20 persons are divided into two g
roups, each group consisting of 10 persons. Then the probability that the two wo
men wi 1 be 1 in the same group is: (A) 9/19 (B) 9/38 (C) 9/35 (D) none Q.7 A ba
g contain 5 white, 7 black, and 4 red balls, find the chance that three ball s d
rawn at random are all white. Q. 8 If four coins are tossed, find the chance tha
t there should be two heads and two tails. Q.9 Thirteen persons take their place
s at a round table, show that it is five to one against two particular persons s
itting together. Q.10 In shuffling a pack of cards, four are accidentally droppe
d,findthe chance that the missing cards should be one from each suit.
^ Bansal Classes [1]
Q.ll A has 3 shares in a lottery containing 3 prizes and 9 blanks, B has 2 share
s in a lottery containing 2 prizes ancl|6 blanks. Compare their chances of succe
ss. Q.12 There are three works, one consisting of 3 volumes, one of 4 and the ot
lrer of o ne volume. They are placed 3 on a shelf at random, prove that the chan
ce that vo lumes of the same works are all together is l . <ii Q.13 Q.14 The let
ter forming the word Clifton are placed at random in a row. What is the c hance
that the two vowels come together? Three bolts and three nuts are put in a box.
If two parts are chosen at random, find the probability that one is a bolt and o
ne is a nut. Q.15 There are 'm' rupees and 'n ten nP s, placed at random in a li
ne. Find the chanc e of the extreme coins being both ten nP's. Q.16 Q.17 A fair
die is tossed. If the number is odd, find the probability that it is prim e. Thr
ee fair coins are tossed. If both heads and tails appear, determine the pr obabi
lity that exactly one head appears. Q.18 3 boys and 3 girls sit in a row. Find t
he probability that (i) the 3 girls sit t ogether, (ii) the boys are girls sit i
n alternative seats. Q.19 A coin is biased so that heads is three times as likel
y to appear as tails. Find P (H) and P (T). Q.20 In a hand at "whist" what is th
e chance that the 4 kings are held by a specified player? 'f I I
J | BANSAL CLASSES ^ T a r g e t IIT JEE 2 0 0 7 CLASS : XII (ABCD) Q. 1 MATHEMA

TICS Daily Practice Problems DPR NO.- 2 DPP ON PROBABILITY After 2nd Lecture Giv
en two independent events A, B such that P (A) = 0.3,P (B) = 0.6. Determine (i)
P (A and B) (ii) P (A and not B) (iii) P (not A and B) (iv) P (neither A nor B)
(v) P (A or B) Q.2 A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of cards.
Find the probabili ty that the card is a (i) king or a red card (ii) club or a
diamond (iii) king o r a queen (iv) king or an ace (v) spade or a club (vi) neit
her a heart nor a kin g. A coin is tossed and a die is thrown. Find the probabil
ity that the outcome w ill be a head or a number greater than 4. Let A and B be
events such that P(A) = 4/5. P(B)= 1/3, P(A/B) = 1/6, then (a) P(A n B); (b) P(A
u B) ; (c) P(B/A) ; (d ) Are A and B independent? 1 1 1 If A and B are two even
ts such that P (A) = - , P (B) = - and P (A and B) = - , find (i) P (A or B), (i
i) P (not A and not B) | Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 A 5 digit number is formed by using the dig
its 0,1,2,3,4 & 5 without repetition. The probability that the number is divisib
le by 6 is: (A) 8% (B) 17% (C) 18% (D ) 36% Q.7 An experiment results in four po
ssible out comes S p S2, S3 & S4 with probabilities p,, p2, p3 & p4 respectively
. Which one of the following probabili ty assignment is possbile. [Assume S, S,
S3 S4 are mutually exclusive] (A) Pj = 0.25 , p", = 0.35, p3 = 0.10 , p4 = 0.05
(B)p, = 0.40. p2 = -0.20 , p3 = 0.60 , p4 = 0.20 (C) p, = 0.30 , p~ = 0.60, p3 =
0.10 , p4 = 0.10 (D) p, = 0.20, p2 = 0 .30 , p3 = 0.40, p4 = 0.10 In throwing 3
dice, the probability that atleast 2 of the three numbers obtained are same is
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3 (C) 4/9 (D) none Q.8 ' (<5.9 / There are 4 defective items in a l
ot consisting of 10 items. From this lot we select 5 items at random. The probab
ility that there will be 2 defective items among them is 1 ~2 Q.10 ( B ) 2 5 <C)
5 2l ( D ) 10 2l From a pack of 52 playing cards, face cards and tens are remov
ed and kept aside then a card is drawn at random from the ramaining cards. If A
: The event that t he card drawn is an ace 11: The event that the card drawn is
a heart S : The eve nt that the card drawn is a spade then which ofthe following
holds ? (A) 9 P(A) = 4 P(H) (B) P(S) = 4P (A n H) (C) 3 P(H) = 4 P(A u S) (D) P
(II) = 12 P(A n S)
^ Bansal Classes 13 1]
Q.ll 6 married couples are standing in a room. If 4 people are chosen at random,
then the chancc thai exactly one married couple is among the 4 is : (A) 55 16 (
B) 55 8 (C) 55 17 (D) 24 55 Q.12 The chance that a 13 card combination from a pa
ck of 52 playing cards is dealt t o a player in a game of bridge, in which 9 car
ds are of the same suit, is 13 a . i3p ,39 r /ii. 13 r - 3 9 r r -39r (A) 117; (
B) 52^ (C) JT^ (D) none 13 13 13 Q.13 If two of the 64 squares are chosen at ran
dom on a chess board, the probability that they have a side in common is: (A) 1/
9 (B) 1/18 (C) 2/7 * (D) none Two red counters, three green counters and 4 blue
counters are placed in a row in random order. The probability that no two blue c
ounters are adjacent is 1 7 5 ' (A) (B ) (C) (D) none The probabilities that a stu
dent will receive A, B, C or D grade ar e 0.40,0.35,0.15 and 0.10 respectively.
Find the probability that a student will receive (ilj not an A grade (ii) B or C
grade (iii) at most C grade In a single throw of three dice, determine the prob
ability ofgetting (i) a total of 5 (ii)a totalofatmost5 (iii) a total ofat least
5. A die is thrown once. If E is the eve nt "the number appearing is a multiple
of 3" and F is the event "the number appe aring is even",findthe probability of
the event "E and F". Are the events E and F independent? In the two dice experi
ment, if E is the event of getting the sum of number on dice as 11 and F is the
event Qj|"getting a number other than 5 on the first die, find P (E and F). Are
E and F independent events? A natural numbe r x is randomly selected from the se
t of first 100 natural numbers. Find the pro bability 100 that it satisfies the
inequality. x+ >50 x Q.14 tnf P^" ' Q.15 Q.16 Q.17 Q.18 Q.19 Q.20 Q.21 ^ Q.22 Q.
23 3 students A and B and C are in a swimming race. A and B have the same probab
ili ty of winning and each is twice as likely to win as C. Find the probability
that B or C wins. Assume no two reach the winning point simultaneously. A box co
ntai ns 7 tickets, numbered from 1 to 7 inclusive. If 3 tickets are drawn from t
he bo
x, one at a time, determine the probability that they are alternatively either o
dd-even-odd or even-odd-even. 5 different marbles are placed in 5 different box
e s randomly. Find the probability that exactly two boxes remain empty. Given ea
ch box can hold any number of marbles. South African cricket captain lost the to
ss of a coin 13 times out of 14. The chance of this happening was 7 (A)Î 1 (B)^
]j 13 (C)^4 13 (D)^y Q.24 There are ten prizes, five A's, three B's and two C's,
placed in identical seale d envelopes for the top ten contestants in a mathemat
ics contest. The prizes are awarded by allowing winners to select an envelope at
randomfromthose remaining. ; When the 8th contestant goes to select the prize,
the probability that the rem aining three prizes are one A, one B and one C, is
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/12 (D) 1/10 (i Bansal Classes [4]
I5 BAN SAL CLASSES t a r g e t IIT JEE 2 0 0 7 CLASS: XII (ABCD) Q.l rd MATHEMAT
ICS Daily Practice Problems DPR NO.- 3 DPP ON PROBABILITY After 3 Lecture Whenev
er horses a, b, c race together, their respective probabil ities of winning the
race are 0.3,0.5 and 0.2 respectively. If they race three t imes the probability
that "the same horse wins all the three races" and the prob ablity that a, b, c
each wins one race, are respectively (A) 9_ 50 50 (B) 16 100' 100 (C) 12 15 50
' 50 (D) 10 _8_ 50 50 Q.2 Let A & B be two events. Suppose P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = p
& P(A u B) = 0.7. The valu e of p for which A & B are independent is : (A) 1/3 (
B) 1/4 (C) 1/2 (D) 1/5 A & B are two independent events such that P (A ) = 0.7,
P (B ) = a & P(A u B ) = 0. 8, then, a = (A) 5/7 (B) 2/7 (C) 1 (D) none A pair o
f numbers is picked up rando mly (without replacement) from the set {1,2,3,5,7,1
1.12,13,17,19}. The probabili ty that the number 11 was picked given that the su
m of the numbers was even, is nearly: T2"/?^ (A) 0.1 (B) 0.125 (C) 0.24 f (D) 0.
18 A 3 For a biased die the pr obabilities for the diffferent faces to turn up a
re given below: Faces: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Probabilities: 0.10 0.32 0.21 j 0.15 0.05 0.1
7 The die is tossed & you are t old that either face one or face two has turned
up. Then the probability that it is face one is: (A) 1/6 (B) 1/10 (C) 5/49 (D) 5
/21 A determinant is chosen at r andom from the set of all determinants of order
2 with elements 0 or 1 only. The probability that the determinant chosen has th
e value non negative is : (A) 3/1 6 (B) 6/16 (C) 10/16 (D) 13/16 Q.3 Q.4 Q.5
Q.7 r 15 coupons are numbered 1,2,3, ,15 respectively. 7 coupons are selected at
rando m one at atime with replacement. The probability that the largest number
appeari ng on a selected coupon is 9 is: f9y (A) 16., (B) V15y (C) (D) 97-87 15'
Q.8 Q.9 A card is drawn & replaced in an ordinary pack of 52 playing cards. Min
imum numb er of times must a card be drawn so that there is atleast an even chan
ce of draw ing a heart, is (A) 2 , (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) more than four ^s. r An elect
rical syste m has open-closed switches S,, S2 and S3 as shown. S 3 The switches
operate independently of one another and the current will flow from A to B eithe
r if S, is 1 closed or if both S, and S3 are closed. If P(S,) = P(S 2) = P(S3) =
, find the probability that the circuit will work. (i Bansal Classes [5]
Q.IO (i) (ii) Q.ll Q.12 A certain team wins with probability 0.7, loses with pro
bability 0.2 and ties wi th probability 0.1. The team plays three games. Find th
e probability V 3 ( ( o 1 ) l C o * 0 / ' c t^ "S that the team wins at least tw
o of the games, but los e none, that the team wins at least one game. ! 0') j V
An integer is chosen at randomfromthe first 200 positive integers. Find the prob
ability that the integer is divisible by 6 or 8. A clerk was asked to mail four
report cards to four stu dents. He addresses four envelops that unfortunately pa
id no attention to which report card be put in which envelope. What is the proba
bility that exactly one o fthe students received his (or her) own card? What is
the probability that in a group of (i) 2 people, both will have the same date of
birth. (ii) 3 people, at least 2 will have the same date of birth. Assume the y
ear to be ordinarry consis ting of365 days. 11 Q 13 Find the probability of at m
ost two tails or at least two heads in a toss o f three coins. Q.14 Ql 15 The pr
obability that a person will get an electric contract is and the pro bability th
at he will not get 4 2 plumbing contract is . If the probability of ge tting at l
east one contract is , what is the probability that he will get both ? ive horses
compete in a race. John picks two horses at random and bets on them. Find the p
robability that John picked the winner. Assume dead heal. Q.17 Two cub es have t
heir faces painted either red or blue. The first cube has five red face s and on
e blue face. When the two cubes are rolled simultaneously, the probabili ty that
the two top faces show the same colour is 1/2. Number of red faces on th e seco
nd cube, is (A)l (B)2 (C) 3 (D)4 AH and W appear for an interview for two vaccan
cies for the same post. P(H)= 1/7; P(W) = 1/5. Find the probability ofthe events
(a) Both are selected (b) only one of them is selected (c) none is select ed. A
bag contains 6R, 4W and 8B balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random determine the
probability of the event (a) all 3 are red; (b) all 3 are black; (c) 2 are white
and 1 is red; (d) at least 1 is red; (e) 1 of each colour are drawn (f) th e ba
lls are drawn in the order of red, white, blue. The'l^dds that a book will b e f
avourably reviewed by three independent critics are 5 to 2,4 to 3, and 3 to 4 re
spectively. What is the probability that of the three reviews a majority will be
favourable? In a purse are 10 coins, all five nP's except one which is a rup ee
, in another are ten coins all five nP's. Nine coins are takenfromthe former p u
rse and put into the latter, and then nine coins are takenfromthe latter and pu
t into the former. Find the chance that the rupee is still in the first purse. Q
.22 Q.23 \ Q.18 Q.19 A, B, C in order cut a pack of cards, replacing them after
each cut, on conditio n that the first who cuts a spade shall win a prize. Find
their respective chanc es, 'if A and B in order drawfroma purse containing 3 ru
pees and 4 nP's, find th eir respective chances of first drawing a rupee, the co
ins once drawn not being replaced. | ' ^ Bansal Classes 113]
J | BANSAL CLASSES 1 8 T a r g e t IIT JEE 2007 CLASS: XII (ABCD) Q. 1 MATHEMATI

CS Daily Practice Problems D P P ON P R O B A B I L I T Y DPR NO.- 4 t h After 4
Lecture There are n differ ent gift coupons, each of which can occupy N(N > n)
different envelopes, with th e same probability 1/N P j: The probability that th
ere will be one gift coupon i n each ofn definite envelopes out ofN given envelo
pes P2: The probability that t here will be one gift coupon in each of n arbitra
ry envelopes out of N given env elopes Consider the following statements N! n t
1 n r2 W ' l " Nn 2 N (N - n ) ! n! N! (iv)P2=Nn(N_n)! (v)p,= ^ r Now, which of
the following is true (A) Only ( i) (B) (ii) and (iii) (C) (ii) and (iv) (D) (ii
i) and (v) Q.2 The probability that an automobile will be stolen and found wifhi
ng one week is 0.0006. The probability that an automobile will be stolen is 0.00
15. The probabi lity that a stolen automobile will be found in one week is (A) 0
.3 (B) 0.4 (C) 0 .5 (D)0.6 One bag contains 3 white & 2 black balls, and another
contains 2 white & 3 black balls. Aball is drawn from the second bag & placed i
n thefirst,then a ball is drawnfromthefirstbag & placed in the second. When the
pair of the opera tions is repeated, the probability that thefirstbag will conta
in 5 white balls i s: (A) 1/25 (B) 1/125 (C) 1/225: (D) 2/15 j A child throws 2
fair dice. If the numbers showing are unequal, he adds them tog ether to gjlit h
is final score. On the other hand, if the numbers showing are eq ual, he throws
2 more dice & adds all 4 numbers showing to get hisfinalscore. Th e probability
that hisfinalscore is 6 is: 145 146 147 148 ( A ) B ) D n% < f^ < >T296 Q.5 A pe
rson draws a card from a pack of 52 cards, replaces it & shuffles the pack. He c
ontinue^ doing this till he draws a spade. The probability that he will fail exa
ctly thefirsttwo times is: H ' (A) 1/64 (B) 9/64 (C) 36/64 (D) 60/ 64 Indicate t
he correct order sequence in respect of the following : I. If the p robability t
hat a computer will fail during thefirsthour of operation is 0.01, t hen if we t
urn on 100 computers, exactly one will fail in thefirsthour of operat ion. II. A
man has ten keys only one of whichfitsthe lock. He tries them in a do or one by
one discarding the one he hasliied. The probability thatfifthkey fits the lock
is 1/10. III. Given the events A and B in a sample space. If P(A) = 1, then A an
d B are independent. IV. When a fair six sided die is tossed on a table top, the
bottom face can not be seen. The probability that the product of the n umbers o
n thefivefaces that can be seen is divisible by 6 is one. (A) FTFT (B)FT TT (C)T
FTF (D)TFFF Q. 6 (i Bansal Classes [7]
Q.7 An unbaised cubic die marked with 1,2,2,3,3,3 is rolled 3 times. The probabi
lity of getting a total score of 4 or 6 is 50 60 16 (D)none (C) (B) (A) 216 216
216 lA bag contains 3 R & 3 G balls and a person draws out 3 at random. He then
drop s 3 blue balls into the bag & again draws out 3 at random. The chance that
the 3 later balls being all of different colours is (A) 15% (B) 20% (C) 27% (D)4
0% A biased coin with probability P, 0 < P < 1, of heads is tossed until a head
appea rs for thefirsttime. Ifthe probability that the number of tosses required
is eve n is 2/5 then the value of P is (A) 1/4 (B) 1/6 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/2 % If a, b
e N th en the probability that a2 + b2 is divisible by 5 is (A) 25 (B) Q.8 Q.9
Q.10 7 18 11 17 Q.ll In an examination, one hundred candidates took paper in Phy
sics and Chemistry. T wentyfivecandidates I failed in Physics only. Twenty candi
dates failed in chemis try only. Fifteen failed in both Physics and Chemistry. A
candidate is selected at random. The probability that he failed either in Physi
cs or in Chemistry but not in both is (A) 20 3 (B)7 (Q2 (D) U_ 20 Q.12 Q.13 In a
certain game A's skill is to be B's as 3 to 2,findthe chance of A winning 3 gam
es at least out of 5. In each ofa set of games it is 2 to 1 in favour of the win
ner of the previous game.What is the chance that the player who wins thefirs tga
me shall wins three at least of the next four? K W Q.14 A coin is tossed n times
, what is the chance that the head will present its elf an odd number of times'?
hn') f Q.15 Afairdieistossedrepeatidly.Awinsifitis 1 or 2 on two consecutive to
sses and B wins ifit is 3, 4, 5 or 6 on two consecut ive tosses. The probability
that A wins if the die is tossed indefinitely, is (A
) Q.16 Q.17 (a) (b) 1 <c>i 2 CD) 5 Counters marked 1,2,3 are placed in a bag,
and one is withdrawn and replaced. Th e operation being repeated three times, w
hat is the chance of obtaining a total of 6? A normal coin is continued tossing
unless a head is obtained for thefirstt ime. Find the probability that number of
tosses needed are at most 3. number of tosses are even. < Bansal Classes 18] mm
M R i
Q.18 A purse contains 2 six sided dice. One is a normal fair die, while the othe
r has 2 ones, 2 threes, and 2 fives. Adie is picked up and rolled. Because of so
me se cret magnetic attraction ofthe unfair die, there is 75% chance of picking
the un fair die and a 25% chance of picking a fair die. The die is rolled and sh
ows up the face 3. The probability that a fair die was picked up, 1 (D) (A) 7 (B
) \ (C) -6 24 Before a race the chance of three runners, A, B, C were estimated
to be p roportional to 5,3,2, but during the race A meets with an accident which
reduces nis chance to 1/3. What are the respective chance of B and C now? Q.19
^ Q.20 A fair coin is tossed a large number of times. Assuming the tosses are in
de pendent which one ofthe following statement, is True? (A) Once the number of
fli ps is large enough, the number of heads will always be exactly half of the t
otal number of tosses. For example, after 10,000 tosses one should have exactly
5,00 0 heads. (B) The proportion of heads will be about 1/2 and this proportion
will tend to get closer to 1/2 as the number of tosses inreases (C) As the numbe
r of tosses increases, any long run of heads will be balanced by a corresponding
run of tails so that the overall proportion of heads is exactly 1/2 (D) All oft
he ab ove Q.21 A and B each throw simultaneously a pair of dice. Find the probab
ility that they obtain the same score. Q.22 A is one of the 6 horses entered for
a race, and is to be ridden by one of two jockeys B or C. It is 2 to 1 that B r
ides A, in which case all the horses ar e equally likely to win; if C rides A, h
is chance is trebled, what are the odds against his winning? i Direction for Q.2
3 to Q.25 Let S and T are two events def ined on a sample space with probabiliti
es P(S) = 0.5, P(T) = 0.69, P(S/T) = 0.5 Q.23 Events S and T are: (A) mutually e
xclusive (C) mutually exclusive and indep endent The value of P(S and T) (A) 0.3
450 (B) 0.2500 (B) independent (D) neither mutually exclusive nor independent (C
) 0.6900 (D) 0.350 Q.24 Qr25 The value of P(S or T) (A) 0.6900 (B) 1.19 I ' f I (
C) 0.8450 (D)0 ^ Bansal Classes 113]
J a BANSAL CLASJSES Target IIT J E 2007 E CLASS: XII (ABCD) Q. 1 MATHEMATICS Dai
ly Practice Problems DPP ON PROBABILITY DPP. NO.- 5 th After 5 Lecture The first
12 letters ofthe eng lish alphabets are written down at random. The probability
that there are 4 lett ers between A & B is : (A) 7/33 (B) 12/33 (C) 14/33 (D) 7
/66 Events A and C are independent. If the probabilities relating A, B and C are
P (A) = 1/5; P (B) = 1 /6 ; P (A n C) = 1/20 ; P (B u|C) = 3/8 then (A) events
B and C are independent (B) events B and C are mutually exclusive (C) events B a
nd C are neither indepen dent nor mutually exclusive (D) events B and C are equi
probable Assume that the birth of a boy or girl to a couple to be equally likely
, mutually exclusive, exh austive and independent of the other children in the f
amily. For a couple having 6 children, the probability that their "three oldest
are boys" is 20 Q.2 Q. 3 *>64 Q.4 (B) 64 (C) 2 64 (D) 64 A and B play a game. A
is to throw a die first, and is to win if he throws 6, If he fails B is to throw
, and to win if he throws 6 or 5. If he fails, A is to th row again and to win w
ith 6 or 5 or 4, and so on,findthe chance of each player. Box A contains 3 red a
nd 2 blue marbles while box B contains 2 red and 8 blue ma rbles. A fair coin is
tessed. If the coin turns up heads, a marble is drawnfromA , if it turns up tai
ls, a marble is drawn from bag B. The probability that a red marble is chosen, i
s (A) (B)Q. 5 2 (C)3 (D) 1 Q.6 A examination consists of 8 questions in each of
which one of the 5 alternatives
is die correct one. On the assumption that a candidate who has done no preparat
ory work chooses for each question any one of thefivealternatives with equal pro
bability, the probability that he gets more than one correct answer is equal to
: (A) (0.8)8 (B) 3 (0.8)8 (C) 1 - (0.8)8 (D) 1 - 3 (0.8)8 The germination of see
d s is estimated by a probability of 0.6. The probability that out of 11 sown se
ed s exactly 5 or 6 will spring is: (A) C5. 6 510 (B) Q. 7 'C 6 (3 5 2 5 ) (C) n
c 5 V6 (D) none of these Q. 8 The probability of obtaining more tails than head
s in 6 tosses of a fair coins i s: (A) 2/64 (B) 22/64 (C) 21/64 . (D) none ^ Ban
sal Classes 113]
Q.9 An instrument consists of two units. Each unit must function for the instrum
ent to operate. The reliability of thefirstunit is 0.9 & that of the second unit
is 0.8. The instrument is tested & fails. The probability that "only thefirstun
it f ailed & the second unit is sound" is: j (A) 1/7 (B) 2/7 (C) 3/7 (D) 4/7 Lot
Aeons istsof3G and 2D articles. Lot B consists of4G and ID article. A new lot C
is for med by taking 3 articles from A and 2 from B. The probability that an art
icle ch osen at random from C is defective, is (A) 1 (B) 1 Q.10 (C) 25 (D)none Q
.ll A die is weighted so that the probability of different faces to turn up is a
s gi ven: Number Probability 1 0.2 2 0.1 3 0.1 4 0.3 5 0.1 . 6 0.2 If P (A / B)
= pj and P (B / C) = p2 and P (C / A) = p3 then the values of pj, p 2, p3 respec
tively are Take the events A, B & C as A= {1,2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 5} an d C = {2,4,
6} (A) Q.12 3 4 3' 6 (C) 3' 6 (D) 2 M 3' 6' 4 If mn coins have been distributed
into m purses, n into each find (1) the' chanc e that two specified coins will
be found in the same purse, and (2) what the cha nce becomes when r purses have
been examined and found not to contain either of the specified coins. Q.13 A box
has four dice in it. Three of them are fair dice but the fourth one h as the nu
mberfiveon all of its faces. A die is chosen at random from the box and is rolle
d three times and shows up the facefiveon all the three occassions. The chance t
hat the die chosen was a rigged die, is (A) 216 217 (B) 215 219
(C) 216 219 (D)none Q.14 On a Saturday night 20% of all drivers in U.S.A. are un
der the influence of alco hol. The probability that a driver under the influence
of alcohol will have an a ccident is 0.001. The probability that a sober driver
will have an accident is 0 .0001. If a car on a Saturday night smashed into a t
ree, the probability that th e driver was under the influence of alcohol, is (A)
3/7 (B)4/7 (C) 5/7 (D) 6/7 ; J Direction for Q.15 to Q.17 (3 Questions) A JEE a
spirant estimates that she will be successful with an 80 percent chance i f she
studies 10 hours per day, with a 60 percent cTiance if she studies 7 hours per d
ay and with a 40 percent chance if she studies 4 hours per day. She furthe r bel
ieves that she will study 10 hours, 7 hours and 4 hours per day with probab ilit
ies 0.1,0.2 and 0.7, respectively Q.15 The chance she will be successful, is (A)
0.28 (B) 0.38 (C) 0.48 (D) 0.58 (! Bansal Classes
Q.16 Given that she is successful, the chance she studied for 4 hours, is (A)6 (
C) 12 (D) 12 Q.17 Given that she does not achieve success, the chance she studie
d for 4 hour, is 2 1_ 20 19 (D) (A) ii (C) (B) 26 26 26 26 There are four balls
in a bag, but it is not known of what colour they are; one ball is drawn at rand
om and found to be white. Find the charlce that all the balls are white. Assume
all number of white ball in the bag to be equally likely. Q.18 Q.19 A letter is
known to have come eitherfromLondon or Clifton. On the postmark only the two con
secutive letters ON are legible. What is the chance that it camefrom London? -fu
pp Ajtê / too *** qH Q.20 A purse contains n coins of unknown value, a coin dra
wn at random is found to be a rupee, what is the chance that is it th e only rup
ee hi the purse? Assume all numbers of rupee coins in the purse is equ ally like
ly. Q.21 One of a pack of 52 cards has been lost, from the remainder of the pack
two cards are drawn and are 'found to be spades, find the chance that the missi
ng card is a spade. Q. 2 2 A, B are two inaccurate arithmeticians whose chance o
f solving a given qu estion correctly are (1/8) and (1/12) respectively. They so
lve a problem and obt ained the same result. If it is 1000 to 1 against their ma
king the same mistake, find the chance that the result is correct. Q.23 (a) (b)
(c) (d) (e) (f) We con duct an experiment where we roll a die 5 times. The order
in which the number re ad out is important. What is the total number of possibl
e outcomes of this exper iment? What is the probability that exactly 3 times a "
2" appears in the sequenc e (say event E)? What is the probability that the face
2 appears at least twice (say event F)? Which of the following are true : E c F
, F c E ? Compute the pro babilities : P(E n F), P(E/F), P(F/E) |( Are the even
ts E and F independent? 7> (! Bansal Classes [121
BANSAL CLASSES T a r g e t I1T JEE 2 0 0 7 CLASS: XII (ABCD) Q.l MATHEMATICS Dai
ly Practice Problems DPP. NO.- 6 DPP O N PROBABILITY A f t e r 6th L e c t u r e
A bowl has 6 red marbles and 3 green marbles. The pr obability that a blind fol
ded person will draw a red marble on the second draw f rom the bowl without repl
acing the marblefromthefirstdraw, is (A) (B) i (C) 1 (D) 8 Q.2 5 out of 6 person
s who usually work in an office prefer coffee in the mid mornin g, the other alw
ays drink tea. This morning of the usual 6, only 3 are present. The probability
that one of them drinks tea is: (A) 1/2 (B) 1/12 (C) 25/72 (D) 5 /72 Pal's gardn
er is not dependable, the probability that he will forget to wate r therosebushi
s2/3.The rose bush is in questionable condition. Any how if watere d, the probab
ility of its withering is 1/2 & if not watered then the probability of its withe
ring is 3/4. Pal went out of station & after returning he finds tha t rose bush
has withered. What is the probability that the gardner did not water the rose bu
sh. The probability that a radar will detect an object in one cycle is p. The pr
obability that the object will be detected in n cycles is: (A) 1 - p " (B) 1 - (
1 - p)" (C) p" (D) p(l - p)""1 Nine cards are labelled 0,1,2,3,4, 5,6 ,7,8. Two
cards are drawn at random and put on atable in a successive order, and then the
resulting number is read, say, 07 (seven), 14 (fourteen) and so on. Th e probabi
lity that the number is even, is (A) (B) Q.3 Q.4 Q.5 (C)j (D) Q. 6 Two A: rst )=
^ cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 playihg cards one by one. If t
he event that the second card drawn is an ace and B : the event that the fi card
drawn is an ace card, then which of the following is true? (A)P(A)=~P(B (C) P (
A) = ; P (B) = ~ (l-2p)
& (B) P (A) (D) P (A); ; P (B) = ^ 16 221 _ 4 "?I ; P ( B ) (l + 3p) (1-p) Q.7 I
f > ~ are the probabilities of three mutually exclusive events defined on a samp
le space S, then the true set of all values of p is 1 I (A) 3' 2 (B) (C) 4 ' 3 ,
1 (D) 4' 2 <!Bansal Classes Probability [43
Q.8 A lot contains 5 0 defective & 50 non defective bulbs. Two bulbs are drawn a
t ra ndom, one at a time, _ It with replacement. The events A, B, C are defined
as : jp 1 A= {the first bulb is defective}; B = { the second bulb is non defecti
ve} C = {the two bulbs are both defective or both non defective} Determine wheth
er (i ) A,B,C are pair wise independent (ii) A,B,C are independent An Urn contai
ns'm' white and 'n' black balls. All the balls except for one ball, are drawn fr
om it. The probability that the last ball remaining in the Urn is white, is < f
i (A) m m+ n (B) n m+n 1 (C) (m + n)! mn (D) (m + n)! Q Q.9 Q, 10 A Urn contains
'm' white and 'n' black balls. Balls are drawn one by one ti ll all the balls ar
e drawn. Probability that the second drawn ball is white, is (A) m m+ n n(m + n
- l ) (B) (m + n)(m + n -1) mn (D) (m + n)(m + n -1) m(m-l) (C) (m + n)(m + n l ) Q.ll Mr. Dupont is a professional wine taster. When given a French wine, he
will iden tify it with probability 0.9 correctly as French, and will mistake it
for a Cali fornian wine with probability 0.1. When given a Californian wine, he
will identi fy it with probability 0.8 correctly as Californian, and will mistak
e it for a F rench wine with probability 0.2. Suppose that Mr. Dupont is given t
en unlabelled glasses of wine, three with French and seven with Californian wine
s. He randoml y picks a glass, tries the wine, and solemnly says: "French". The
probability th at the wine he tasted was Californian, is nearly equal to (A) 0.1
4 (B) 0.24 (C) 0.34 (D)0.44 Q.12 Let A, B & C be 3 arbitrary events defined on a
sample space'S' and if, P(A ) + P(B) + P(C) = p,, P(A n B) + P(B n C) + P(C n A
) = p2 & P(A n B n C) = p3, t hen the probability that exactly one of the three
events occurs is given by: (A) p, - p2 + p3 (B) P l - p2 + 2p3 (C) p, - 2p2 + p3
(D) p, - 2p2 + 3p3 Q.13 Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement
from {1,2,3, the minimum ofthe chosen numbers is 3 or their maximum is 7 is (A)(
B) 1 (C) (D) ,10}. The probabi lity that _n 40 Q.14 A biased coin which comes up
heads three times as often as tails is tossed. If it shows heads, a chip is dra
wn from urn-I which contains 2 white chips and 5 red chips. If the coin comes up
tails, a chip is drawn from urn-II which conta ins 7 white and 4 red chips. Giv
en that a red chip was drawn, what is the probab ility that the coin came up hea
ds? Q.15 In a college, four percent of the men an d one percent of the women are
taller than 6 feet. Further 60 percent of the stu dents are women. If a randoml
y selected person is taller than 6 feet, find the p robability that the student
is a women. <!Bansal Classes Probability [1
Q.16 If at least one child in a family with 3 children is a boy then the probabi
lity that 2 ofthe children are boys, is 3 1 1 (D)? (C) (A) (B) The probabilities
of e vents, A n B, A, B & A u B are respectively in A.P. with probability of se
cond t erm equal to the common difference. Therefore the events Aand B are (A) c
ompatib le (B) independent (C) such that one of them must occur (D) such that on
e is twi ce as likely as the other From an urn containing six balls, 3 white and
3 black ones, a p erson selects at random an even number of balls (all the diff
erent way s of drawing an even number of balls are considered equally probable,
irrespecti ve of their number). Then the probability that there will be the same
number of black and white balls among them (A) (B) 11 Q.17 Q.18 15 (C) U_ 30 (D
) Q. 19 One purse contains 6 copper coins and 1 silver coin; a second purse cont
ai ns 4 copper coins. Five coins are drawn from thefirstpurse and put into the s
eco nd, and then 2 coins are drawnfromthe second and put into thefirst.The proba
bili ty that the silver coin is in the second purse is (A) Q.20 1 (B) (C) 5 9 (D
) 7 persons are stopped on the road at random and asked about their birthdays. I
ft he probability that 3 of K them are born on Wednesday, 2 on Thursday and the
rem aining 2 on Sunday is ^ , then K is equal to (A) 15 (B) 30 (C) 105 (D)210 Q.
21 Two buses A and B are scheduled to arrive at a town central bus station at no
on. The probability that bus A will be late is 1/5. The probability that bus B w
ill be late is 7/25. The probability that the bus B is late given that bus A is
lat e is 9/10. Then the probabilities (i) neither bus will be late on a particul
ar d ay and (ii) bus A is late given that bus B is late, are respectively (A) 2/
25 an d 12/28 (B) 18/25 and 22/28 (C) 7/10 and 18/28 (D) 12/25 and 2/28 A box co
ntains a normal coin and a doubly headed coin. A coin selected at random and tos
sed tw ice, fell headwise on both the occasions. The probability that the drawn
coin is a doubly headed coin is (A) (B) 8 Q.22 (C) 4 (D)? Q.23
Abox contains 5 red and 4 white marbles. Two marbles are drawn successively from
the box without replacement and the second drawn marble drawn is found to be wh
ite. Probability that thefirstmarble is also while is (A) (B)| (C) 1 Bansal Cla
sses [15]
r Q.24 A and s with the me. Marble ve chances B 3 & 2 2 3 < >5 5 1 1 <D)~&5
B in order draw a marble from bag containing 5 white and 1 red marble condition
that ' Q. whosoever draws the red marble first, wins the ga once drawn by them a
re not replaced into the bag. Then their respecti of winning are 2 1
In a maths paper there are 3 sections A, B & C. Section A is compulsory. Out of
sections B & C a student has to attempt any one. Passing in the paper means pass
ing in A & passing in B or C. The probability ofthe student passing in A, B & C
are p, q & 1/2 respectively. If the probability that the student is successful
i s 1/2 then: (A) p = q = l (B) p = q = 1 (C) p = l , q = 0 (D) p = l , q 1 Q.26
Abox contains 100 tickets numbered 1,2,3,.... ,100. Two tickets are chosen at r
andom. It is given that the maximum number on the two chosen tickets is not more
than 10. The minimum number on them is 5, 1 with probability (A) Q.27 1 (B) 2 1
1 (C) 3 19 (D)none Sixteen players Sj, s 2 , , s16 play in a tournament. They ar
e divided into eigh t pairs at random. From each pair a winner is decided on the
basis of a game pla yed between the two players of the pair. Assume l 'ir that
all the players are o f equal strength. The probability that "exactly one of the
two players s, & s2 i s among the eight winners" is (A)4 7 (B)(C) 8_ 15 (D)
15 Q.28 The number 'a' is randomly selected from the set {0,1,2,3, 98,99}. The n
umber 'b ' is selected a b from the same set. Probability that the number 3 + 7
has a dig it equal to 8 at the units place, is (A) 16 (C) 16 (D) 16 Q.29 We are
given two urns as follows: Urn Acontains 5 red marbles, 3 white marbles a nd 8 b
lue marbles. Urn B contains 3 red marbles and 5 white marbles A fair dice is tos
sed if 3 or 6 appears, a marble is chosenfromB, otherwise a marble is chos enfro
mA. Find the probability that (i) a red marble is chosen, (ii) a white marb le i
s chosen, (iii) a blue marble is chosen. (Use Tree Diagram) We are given two Urn
s as follows: Urn Acontains 5 red marbles, 3 white marbles. Urn B contains 1 red
marbles and 2 white marbles. A fair die is tossed, if a 3 or 6 appears, a m arb
le is drawn from B and put into A and then a marble is drawn from A; otherwis e,
a marble is drawnfromA and put into B and then a marble is drawn from B. (Use T
ree Diagram) (i) What is the probability that both marbles are red? (ii) What is
the probability that both marbles are white? Q.30 <!Bansal Classes Probability [
on that ed into Q.31 Two boys Aand B find the jumble of n ropes lying on thefloo
r.Each takes hold of one loose end. Ifthe 1 ] . probability that they are both h
olding the same rope is then the number of ropes is equal to 1u1 (B) 100 (D) 50
(A) 101 (C) 51 Direct ion for Q.32 to Q.35 (4 Questions) Read the passage given
below carefully before attempting these questions. A standard deck of playing ca
rds has 52 cards. Ther e are four suit (clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades), eac
h of which has thirteen numbered cards (2, ,9,10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace) In a g
ame of card, each card is worth an amount of points. Each numbered card is worth
its number (e.g. a 5 i s worth 5 points); the Jack, Queen and King are each wor
th 10 points; and the Ac e is either worth your choice of either 1 point or 11 p
oints. The object of the game is to have more points in your set of cards than y
our opponent without goin g over 21. Any set of cards with sum greater than 21 a
utomatically loses. Here's how the game played. You and your opponent are each d
ealt two cards. Usually th e first card for each player is dealt face down, and
the second.card for each pl ayer is dealt face up. After the initial cards are d
ealt, the first player has t he option of asking for another card or not taking
any cards. The first player c an keep asking for more cards until either he or s
he goes over 21, in which case the player loses, or stops at some number less th
an or equal to 21. When the fi rst player stops at some number less than or equa
l to 21, the second player then can take more cards until matching or exceeding
the first player's number witho ut going over 21, in which case the second playe
r wins, or until going over 21, in which case the first player wins. We are goin
g to simplify the game a little and assume that all cards are dealt face up, so
that all cards are visible. Assu me your opponent is dealt cards and plays first
. & Ca C. The tat the that m is 5. From sume s2 is Q.32 The chance that the seco
nd card will be a heart and a Jack, is (A) 52 (B) .-cted 13 52 (C) 17 52 (D) 52
Q. 3 3 The chance that the first card will be a heart or a Jack, is 13 (A) ^ Q.3
4 16 (B) n 17 CO 52 (D)none Given that the first card is a Jack, the chance tha
t it will be the heart, is (B) 4 li
:
a
e
,
o 5 Q.35 Your opponent is dealt a King and a 10, and you are dealt a Queen and
9. Being smart, your opponent does not take any more cards and stays at 20. Th
chance t hat you will win if you are allowed to take as many cards as you need
is ^ 97 5 64 ,(B) 25 282 (C) 15 188 (D)i i f>i > Bansal Classes [17]
Atari .awrv More than one alternative are correct: Q.3 6 If A& Bare two events s
uch that P(B)* 1,BC denotes the event complementry to B, then v > \ I j _ p(B)
Q> (B) P (A n B) > P(A) + P(B) - 1 (C) P(A)> <P(A/B) according as p(a/b c ) > Q.8 Q.3 7 A bag initially contains one red &
two blue balls. An experiment consistin g of selecting a ball at random, Q.16 n
oting its colour & replacing it together with an additional ball of the"feame co
lour. If three such trials are made, then : (A) probability that atleast one blu
e ball is drawn is 0.9 (B) probability tha t exactly one blue ball is drawn is 0
.2 Q.l (C) probability that all the drawn b alls are red given that all the draw
n balls are of same colour is 0.2 (D) probab ility that atleast one red ball is
drawn is 0.6. Q.3 Q.38 Two real numbers, x & y are selected at random. Given tha
t 0 < x < 1 ; 0 < y < 1. Let A be the event Q .7 that y2 < x ; B be the event th
at x2 < y, then : 1 Q.l (A) P (A n B) = (B) A & B are exhaustive events (C) A &
B are mutually exclusive (D) A & B are indepen dent events. Q.l Q.l QQ. 3 9 For
any two events A & B defined on a sample space , (A) P (A/B) > P(A) p ^ B ) ~ 1
, P ( B ) ^ 0 is always true (B)P (AKB) = P (A) - P ( A n B ) (C) P (A u B) = 1
- P (Ac). P (Bc), if A& B are independent lj(D) P (A u B) = 1 - P (Ac). P (Bc),
if A & B are disjoint Q.40 If E, and E2 are two events such that P(E,) = 1/4, P(
E2/E,) =1/2 and P(E,/ E2) = 1 /4 (A) then E, and E2 are independent (B) E, and E
2 are exhaustive (C) E2 is twi ce as likely to occur as E, (D) Probabilities of
the events Ej n E 2 , E, and E2 are in G.P. Q Q Q Q.41 Let 0 < P(A) < 1 , 0 < P(
B) <1 & P(A u B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A). P(B), then : (A) P(B/A) = P(B) - P(A) (B)
P(AC u B c ) = P(AC) + P(BC) c C C (C) P((A u B) ) = P(A ). P(B ) (D) P(A/B) =
P(A) Q .42 If M & N are independent events such th at 0 < P(M) < 1 & 0 < P(N) <
1, then : (A) M & N are mutually exclusive (B) M & N are independent (C) M & N a
re independent (D) P(M/N) +P(M/N) = 1 <!Bansal Classes Probability [18
ANSWER KEY - X Q.l Q.8 Q.16 ire

4 Q.6 3 5 A Q 15 Q.7 J_ 56 2197
(m + n)(m + n - l ) 4 3 Q.17 4'
18,(ii)0.12,(iii)0.42,(iv)0.28,
,(iv) , (v) - , (vi) 5 3 (i)
C 3 8 2 Q.2 Q.IO A Q.3 B Q.4 A Q-13 Q.19 Q.5 Tj

Q.ll 20825 1 Q.18 952 to 715 1 1 ^ Q'f " n(n-l)
4 Q.20 c-48cr 521 "13 D P P - 2 Q.l Q.3 Q.7 (i)0.
(v)0.72 3 D 7 1 2 2 1 . 9 Q.2(i) ,(ii),!-,(iii)
- , (ii) Q.6 C Q.13 B 2 at Q.4 Q.8 Q.15
(a) 1/18, (b) 43/90, (c) 5/18, (d) NO Q.5 Q.9 D Q.10 A Q.16 Q.14 C (i) 0.6, (ii)
0.5, (iii) 0.25 Q.ll A Q.12 A 1 5 53 (i) , (ii) , (in) Q.17P(E) = -j , P ( F )
4 , P(E and F) = g;Yes Q 1 9 55 loo " = 11 20 Q.2 Q.9 C Q.20 3 30 Q.18P(E)=^,P(F
)== - , P ( E n F ) = ; Not independent 36 12 2 Q.24 A . Q.23 A Q.21 Q.22 25 D I
4 Q.17 Q.6 Q.12 C 4 2 Q.20 17' 51 ( Q.l Q.8 Q.14 Q.18 Q-2' A B (0 3 6 5 ^ 10 Q.
3 B D P P r ' 3 Q.4 C Q.5 Q.ll 4 D 1 3 Q.7 Q.13 D 7 8 5 Q.10 8 364x363 , ( i i )
l - (365)2 (a) (i) 0.49; (ii) 0.973 15 Q17 105 To 2 24 Q.19 7 ' 35 Q.22
5 7 3 149 (b) (C) (d) 204'

5 .-< 22 13 Q.l Q.8 B C
P I * - ^ Q.4 D Q.5 Q.ll A
2133 Q.13 3125 A Q.19 Q.24
102' 68' 204 Q 209 343 16 12 9 37 ' 37 ' 37 O ' 2 3 3

Q.2 Q.9 Q.16 Q.21 B C 7 27 73 648 Q.3 Q.10 Q.17 Q.22 C A
Q.12 Q.18 B Q.6 B 4 9 B= A 2 Q.7 1 B 1 2 4 15 C [19]
Q.14 Q.15 B Q.20 B (b)i 13 to 5 5 ; C = Q.23 B
Q.25 4 Bansal Classes H
I> Q.l Q.7 D A Q.2 Q.8 A B Q.3 Q.9 n-1 D B Q.4 I ' P - 5 155 169 ;B: 324 ' " ' 3
24 C Q.ll D A: Q.5 B Q.6 D Q.10 Q.13 Q-12 ( 1 ) ^ 7 . ( 2 ) mn - rn - 1 . mn-1 Q
.18 65 C 2 Q.14 C Q.21 (d) (f) Q.15 n_ 50 EcF No C Q.16 Q.22 B 13 14 Q.17 D Q.23
(a) 2 Q.19 n 17 Q.20 n(n + l) (b) 10-5 (c) 1-2 ; P(F/E) = 1 (e)
P(E n F) =P(E); P(E/F) = P(E) D P P - 6 Q.l

5 193 C Q.5 Q.6 Q.9 B A Q.7 A (i) A,B>C are
nî'hdependent. Q.10 A Q.17 D Q.24 D Q.ll C
Q.21 Q.15 Q.22 n Q.16 Q.23 1 1 A A > Q.18 B
Q.8 A Q.2 A Q.3 3 4 D B i i Q.4 B 16

pairwise independent (ii) A,B,C are
Q.12 D Q.19 C Q.26 A Q.13 Q.20 Q.14
Q.25 Q 30
D D (i) Q.27 Q.31 C C Q.28 D Q.32 D Q.29 (i)-;(ii)-;(iii)' 61 371 (U) 216 ' 1296
Q.33 B Q.34 C Q.35 D More than one alternative are correct: Q.36 A, B, C, D Q.3
7 A, B, C, D Q.39 A, B , C Q.40 A, C, D Q.38 Q.41 A, B C,D Q.42 B, C, D <3 Bansa
l Classes 1 \ [20]
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) PROBABILITY CONTENTS K
EY CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY
KEY THINGS T O REMEMBER : RESULT - 1 CONCEPTS (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) SAMPLE-SPA
CE EVENT : The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the OF AN
EVENT A SAMPLE-SPACE(S). : A sub set of sample-space is called an EVENT. : The
set of all out comes which are in S but not in A is called COMPOUND EVENT COMPLE
MENT t h e COMPLEMENT O F T H E EVENT A DENOTED BY A OR A C . : If A & B are two
given events then AnB is called is denoted by AnB or AB or A & B . COMPOUND EVE
NT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS and : Two events are said to be MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
(or disjoint or incompatible) if the occurence of one precludes (niles out) the
simultaneous occurence ofthe othe r. If A & B are two mutually exclusive events
then P (A & B) = 0. : Events are s aid to be EQUALLY LIKELY when each event is a
s likely to occur as any other even t. (vi) (vii) EQUALLY LIKELY EVENTS EXIIA US
TIVE EVENTS : Events A,B,C L are said to be EXHAUSTIVE EVENTS if no event outsid
e this set c an result as an outcome of an experiment. For example, if A & B are
two events d efined on a sample space S, then A & B are exhaustive A u B = S=>
P (Au B) = 1 . CLASSICAL DEF. OF PROBABILITY : If n represents the total number
of equally likely, mutually exclusive and exh austive outcomes of an experiment
and m of them are favourable to the happening of the event A, then the probabili
ty of happening of the event A is given by P(A ) = m/n . Note : (1) 0 < P(A) < 1
(2) (3) P(A) + P( A) = 1, Where A = Not A . X If x cases are favourable to A &
y cases are favourable to A then P(A) = - and ( x + y) P( A) = - We say that O D D
S I N FAVOUR O F A are x: y & odds against A ar e y: x (viii) Comparative study
of Equally likely, Mutually Exclusive and Exhaustive events. E xperiment 1. Thr
owing ofa die 2. A ball is drawn from an urn containing 2W, 3Ran d 4G balls 3. T
hrowing a pair of dice
4. From a well shuffled pack of cards a card is drawn 5. From a well shuffled pa
ck of cards a card is drawn Events A : throwing an odd face {1, 3, 5} B : throw
ing a composite face {4,. 6} E, : getting a W ball E,: getting a R ball E3: gett
ing a G ball A : throwing a d oublet {11,22,33,44,55,66} B : throwing a total of
10 or more {46,64,55,56,65,66 } E, : getting a heart E, : getting a spade E,: g
etting a diamond E4: getting a club A = getting a heart B = getting a face card
E/L No M/E Yes Exhaustive No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No ^Bansal C
lasses Probability [2]
RESULT 2 (i) (ii) AUB = A+ B = A or B denotes occurence of at least A or B. For

2 events A & B : ( See fig.l) P(AuB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AnB) = P(A. B) + P( A .B)
+ P(A.B) = 1 - P( A . B ) Opposite of " atleast A or B" is NIETHER A NOR B i.e.
A + B = 1-(A or B) = A n B Note that P(A+B) + P( A n B ) = 1. If A & B are mutu
ally exclusive then P(AuB) = P(A) + P(B). For any two events A & B, P(exactly on
e of A, B occurs) = P(AnB) + P(BnA) = P(A) + P(B) - 2P(AnB) = P ( A u B ) - P (
A n B ) = p(A c uB c )-P(A c nB c ) If A & B are any two events P(AnB) = P(A).P(
B/A) = P(B).P(A/B), Where P(B/A) means conditional probability of B given A & P(
A/B) means conditio nal probability of A given B. (This can be easily seen from
the figure) D E MORG AN'S LAW : - If A & B are two subsets of a universal set U,
then (a) (AuB)c = Ac nB & (b) (AnB)c = AcuBc A u (BnC) = (AuB) n (AuC) 3 (iii) (
iv) (v) (vi) (vii) & A n (BuC) = (AnB) u (AnC) RESULT For any three events A,B a
nd C we have (See Fig. 2) (i) P(A or B or C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(AnB) - P(B
nC)P(CnA) + P(AnBnC) P (at least two of A, B,C occur) = P(BnC) + P(CnA) + P(AnB)
- 2P(AnBnC) P(exactly two of A,B,C occur) = P(BnC) + P(CnA) + P(AnB) - 3P(AnBnC
) P(exactly one of A,B,C occurs) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - 2P(BnC) - 2P(CnA) - 2P(A
nB)+3P(AnBnC) If three events A, B and C are pair wise mutually exclusive then t
hey must be mutually exclusive, i.e P(AnB) = P(BnC) = P(CnA) = 0 w P(AnBnC) = 0.
However the converse of this is not true. Fig. 2 (ii) (iii) (iv) NOTE : <!Bansal
Classes Probability [3]
RESULT 4 INDEPENDENT EVENTS (i) (ii) (iii) : Two events A& Bare said to be indep
endent if occurence or non occurence of one does not effect the probability ofth
e occurence or non occurence of other. If t he occurence of one event affects th
e probability ofthe occurence ofthe other ev ent then the events are said to be
DEPENDENT or CONTINGENT . For two independent events A and B : P(AnB) = P(A). P(
B). Often this is taken as the definition of independent events. Three events A,
B & C are independent if & only if all the f ollowing conditions hold; P(AnB) =
P(A). P(B) ; P(BnC) = P(B). P(C) P(CnA) = P(C ). P(A) & P(AnBnC) = P(A). P(B).
P(C) i.e. they must be pairwise as well as mutu ally independent . Similarly for
n events A t , A^, A^, An to be independent, th e number of these conditions is
equal to nc02+ "c,. + + ncn = 2n - n - 1. 5 The probability of getting exactly
r success in n independent trials is given by P(r ) = nCr pr qn"r where : p = pr
obabi lity of success in a single trial . q = prob ability of failure in a singl
e trial, note : p + q = 1. Note : Independent event s are not in general mutuall
y exclusive & vice versa Mutually exclusiveness can be used when the events are
taken from the same experiment & independence can be used when the events are ta
ken from different experiments. BAYE'S THEOREM OR T O T A L PROBABILITY T H E O
R E M : RESULT - 5 : If an event A can occur only with one of the nmutually excl
usive and exhaustive events B,, B2,.... Bn & the probabilities P(A/B.|), P(A/B,)
....... P(A/Bn) are k nown then, P(B/A)= PROOF: '':""'tA " ' P(B,).P(A/B,) i=l T
he events A occurs with one of the n mutually exclusive & exhaustive events B ,
, B 2 , B 3 , A = AB, + AB., + AB, + + AB 1 2 3 n P(A) = P(AB,) + P(AB2) +.....
..+ P(ABn) = X P(AB.) N O T E : A = event what we have ; B. = event what we want
; B2' B3' B are alternative event. ,, , n Now, P(AB.) = P(A) . P(B/A) = P(B.) .
P(A/B.) P(B,/A) _ P(Bi).P(A/Bi) = P(Bi).P(A/Bi) P(A) ~ " I P(ABi) P(B|) . P(A/B
i) XP(B i ).P(A/B j ) Fig. 3 \ \ \B\ B " / n BN / //Bn-l, / / WflL /B P(Bi/A) =
<!Bansal Classes Probability
[447]
RESULT 6 If p, and p, are the probabilities of speaking the truth of two indenpe
ndent wit nesses A and B then P (their combined statement is true) = JVP2 Pi P 2
+ ( 1 - P i ) G - P 2 ) In this case it has been assumed that we have no knowle
dge ofthe event except th e statement made by AandB. However if p is the probabi
lity of the happening of t he event before their statement then P (their combine
d statement is true) = PP]_ P2 PPiP2+0-P)(1-Pi)(1-P2) Here it has been assumed t
hat the statement given by all the independent witness es can be given in two wa
ys only, so that if all the witnesses tell falsehoods t hey agree in telling the
same falsehood. If this is not the case and c is the ch ance of their coinciden
ce testimony then the Pr. that the statement is true = Pp ! p ? Pr. that the sta
tement is false = (l-p).c (1p|)(lp2) However chance of coin cidence testimony is t
aken only if the joint statement is not contradicted by an y witness. RESULT 7 (
i) (ii) A PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION spells out how a total probability of 1 is di
stribute d over several values of a random variable. Mean of any probability dis
tribution of a random variable is given by : n = y p " ' = Z Pi xi \ p. X(since2
P; = l) (iii) Variance of a random variable is given by, a 2 = X (x - p)2. p I p
. x2. - (i2 (N ote that SD = ) (iv) The probability distribution for a binomial
variate 'X' is given by ; P (X= r)=n C p1 qn~r where all symbols have the same m
eaning as given in result 4. The recu rrence formula p ( r + 1) = n - r H , is v
ery helpful for quickly computing P(r) r+1 q P(l), P(2). P(3) etc. if P(0) is kn
own BPD = npq . If p represents a persons the sum of money which he will receive
or probable value = pM expectations = RESULT-8 : GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS : (i)
(ii) The following statements are axiomatic : If a point is taken at random on
a give n staright line AB, the chance that it falls on a particular segment PQ o
f the l ine is PQ/AB . If a point is taken at random on the area S which include
s an are a cr, the chance that the point falls on a is a/S . <!Bansal Classes . (
v) (vi) Mean of BPD = np ; variance of chance of success in any venture and 'M'
in case of success, then his expectations pM
Probability [5]
Q.l EXERCISE-I Let a die be weighted so that the probability of a number appeari
ng w hen the die is tossed is proportional to that number. Find the probability
that, (i) An even or a prime number appears (ii) An odd prime number appears (ii
i) An even composite number appears (iv) An odd composite number appears. Number
s are selected at random, one at a time,fromthe two digit numbers 00,01, 02, ,99
with replacement. An event E occurs if & only if the product ofthe two digits o
f a s elected number is 18. If four numbers are selected, find the probability t
hat th e event E occurs at least 3 times. In a box, there are 8 alphabets cards
with th e letters : S, S, A, A,A, H, H, H. Find the probability that the word 'A
SH' will form if: the three cards are drawn one by one & placed on the table in
the same order that they are drawn. the three cards are drawn simultaneously. Th
ere are 2 groups of subjects one of which consists of 5 science subjects & 3 eng
g. subje cts & other consists of 3 science & 5 engg. subjects. An unbiased die i
s cast. I f the number 3 or 5 turns up a subject is selected at random from firs
t group, o therwise the subject is selected from 2nd group . Find the probabilit
y that an e ngg. subject is selected. A pair of fair dice is tossed. Find the pr
obability th at the maximum of the two numbers is greater than 4. In a bui Iding
programme th e event that all the materials will be delivered at the correct ti
me is M, and t he event that the building programme will be completed on time is
F . Given that P (M) = 0.8 and P (M n F) = 0.65, find P (F/M). If P (F) = 0.7,f
indthe probabil ity that the building programme will be completed on time if all
the materials a re not delivered at the correct time. In a given race, the odds
in favour of fou r horses A, B, C & D are 1 : 3,1 :4,1: 5 and 1 : 6 respectivel
y. Assuming that a dead heat is impossible,findthe chance that one of them wins
the race. A covere d basket of flowers has some lilies and roses. In search of r
ose, Sweety and Shw eta alternately pick up a flowerfromthe basket but puts it b
ack if it is not a r ose. Sweety is 3 times more likely to be the first one to p
ick a rose. If sweety begin this 'rose hunt' and if there are 60 lilies in the b
asket,findthe number of roses in the basket. Least number of times must a fair d
ie be tossed in order to have a probability of at least 91/216, of getting atlea
st one six. Suppose t he probability for A to win a game against B is 0.4. If A
has an option of playi ng either a "BEST OF THREE GAMES" or a "BEST OF 5 GAMES"
match against B, which option should A choose so that the probability of his win
ning the match is highe r? (No game ends in a draw). A room has three electric l
amps . From a collection of 10 electric bulbs of which 6 are good 3 are selected
at random & put in the lamps. Find the probability that the room is lighted. A
bomber wants to destroy a bridge. Two bombs are sufficient to destroy it. If fou
r bombs are dropped, wha t is the probability that it is destroyed, if the chanc
e of a bomb hitting the t arget is 0.4. Q. 2 Q.3 (i) (ii) Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 Q.
9 Q.10 ^ ^ Q.ll Q.12 ^Bansal Classes Probability
[6]
Q.13 The chance of one event happening is the square ofthe chance of a 2nd event
, but odds against the first are the cubes of the odds against the 2 nd . Find
t he chances of each, (assume that both events are neither sure nor impossible).
Q .14 A box contains 5 radio tubes of which 2 are defective. The tubes are test
ed one after the other until the 2 defective tubes are discovered. Find the prob
abi lity that the process stopped on the (i) Second test; (ii) Third test. If th
e pr ocess stopped on the third test, find the probability that the first tube i
s non defective. Q.15 Anand plays with Karpov 3 games of chess. The probability
that he wins a game is 0.5, looses with probability 0.3 and ties with probabilit
y 0.2 . If he plays 3 games then find the probability that he wins atleast two g
ames. Q.16 An aircraft gun can take a maximum of four shots at an enemy's plane
moving awayfromit. The probability of hitting the plane at first, second, third
& four th shots are 0.4, 0.3,0.2 & 0.1 respectively. What is the probability tha
t the g un hits the plane. Q.17 In a batch of 10 articles, 4 articles are defect
ive. 6 a rticles are taken from the batch for inspection. If more than 2 article
s in this batch are defective, the whole batch is rejected Find the probability
that the batch will be rejected. Q. 18 Given P(AuB) = 5/6 ; P(AB) = 1/3 ; P( B)
= 1/2. De termine P(A) & P(B). Hence show that the events A & B are independent.
Q.19 One hundred management students who read at least one of the three busines
s magazine s are surveyed to.study the readership pattern. It is found that 80 r
ead Busines s India, 50 read Business world and 30 read Business Today. Five stu
dents read a ll the three magazines. A student was selected randomly. Find the p
robability th at he reads exactly two magazines. Q.20 An author writes a good bo
ok with a prob ability of 112. If it is good it is published with a probability
of 2/3. If it i s not, it is published with a probability of 1 /4. Fi nd the pro
bability that he will get atleast one book published if he writes two. Q.23 3 st
udents {A,B,C} t ackle a puzzle together and offers a solution upon which majori
ty ofthe 3 agrees . Probability ofA solving the puzzle correctlyisp. Probability
of B solving the puzzle correctly is also p. C is a dumb student who randomly s
upports the soluti on of either A or B. There is one more student D, whose proba
bility of solving t he puzzle correctly is once again, p. Out of the 3 member te
am {A, B, C} and one member team {D}, Which one is more likely to solve the puzz
le correctly. Q.22 A uniform unbised die is constructed in the shape of a regula
r tetrahedron with faces numbered 2,2,3 and 4 and the score is takenfromthe face
on which the die lands. If two such dice are thrown together, find the probabil
ity of scoring . (i) exactly 6 on each of 3 successive throws. (ii) more than 4
on at least one of the three successive throws. Q.23 Two cards are drawn from a
well shuffled p ack of 52 cards. Find the probability that one of them is a red
card & the other is a queen. <!Bansal Classes Probability [450]
Q.24 A cube with all six faces coloured is cut into 64 cubical blocks of the sam
e size which are thoroughly mixed. Find the probability that the 2 randomly cho
s en blocks have 2 coloured faces each. Q. 2 5 Consider the following events for
a fami ly with children A = {of both sexes} ; B = {at most one boy} In which of
t he following (are/is) the events A and B are independent, (a) if a family has
3 children (b)ifa family has 2 children v ' A s s u m e that the birth of a boy
or a girl is equally likely mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Q.26 A player to
sse s an unbiased coin and is to score two points for every head turned up and o
ne p oint for f every tail turned up. If Pn denotes the probability that his sco
re is exactly n points, prove that V ^ i P P n- n-. = 2 (Pn-2-Pn-l) ^>3 Also com
pute P, and P2 and hence deduce the pr that he scores exactly 4. Q.27 Each of th
e 'n' passengers sitting in a bus may get down from it at the next stop with pro
babil ity p. Moreover, at the next stop either no passenger or exactly one passe
nger b oards the bus. The probability of no passenger boarding the bus at the ne
xt stop being pQ. Find the probability that when the bus continues on its way af
ter the stop, there will again be 'n' passengers in the bus. Q . 2 8 The differe
nce bet ween the mean & variance of a Binomial Variate1X' is unity & the differe
nce of t heir square is 11. Find the proba^'ity distribution of'X'. Q.29 An exam
ination c onsists of 8 questions in each of which the candidate must say which o
ne of the 5 alternatives is correct one. Assuming that the student has not prepa
red earlie r chooses for each of the question any one of 5 answers with equal pr
obability. (i) prove that the probability that he gets more than one correct ans
wer is (58 - 3 x 48) / 5 8 . (ii) find the probability that he gets correct answ
ers to six or more questions. (iii) find the standard deviation ofthis distribut
ion. Q.30 T wo bad eggs are accidently mixed with ten good ones. Three eggs are
drawn at ran dom without replacement, from this lot. Compute mean & S.D. for the
number of ba d eggs drawn. EXERCISE-II Q. 1 The probabilities that three men hi
t a target are. respectively, 0.3,0.5 an d 0.4. Each fires once at the target. (
As usual, assume that the three events th at each hits the target are independen
t) (a) Find the probability that they all: (i) hit the target; (ii) miss the tar
get (b) Find the probability' that the tar get is hit: (i) at least once, (ii) e
xactly once. (c) If only one hits the targe t, what is the probability' that it
was thefirstman? Let A & B be two events def ined on a sample space . Given P(A)
= 0.4 ; P(B) = 0.80 and P (A/B) =0.10. Then find ; Q. 3 (i)P(AuB) & -p[(AnB) u
(AnB)]. Q.2 Three shots arefiredindependently at a target in succession. The pro
babilities t hat the target is hit in the first shot is 1/2, in the second 2/3 a
nd in the thi rd shot is 3/4. In case of exactly one hit, the probability of des
troying the ta rget is 1/3 and in the case of exactly two hits, 7/1.1 and in the
case of three hits is 1.0. Find the probability of destroying the target in thr
ee shots. Class es Probability [8] <!Bansal
Q.4 In a game of chance each player throws two unbiased dice and scores the diff
eren ce between the larger and smaller number which arise. Two players compete a
nd on e or the other wins if and only if he scores atleast 4 more than his oppon
ent. F ind the probability that neither player wins. A certain drug, manufacture
d by a Company is tested chemically for its toxic nature. Let the event "THE DRU
G IS TO XIC" be denoted byH & the event " T H E CHEMICAL TEST REVEALS THAT THE D
RUG IS T OXIC" be denoted by S. Let P(H) = a, P(S / H) = P(S / H) = l - a . Then
show tha t the probability that the drug is not toxic given that the chemical t
est reveal s that it is toxic, is freefrom'a'. A plane is landing. If the weathe
r is favour able, the pilot landing the plane can see the runway. In this case t
he probabili ty of a safe landing isp r Ifthere is a low cloud ceiling, the pilo
t has to make a blind landing by instalments. The reliability (the probability o
f failurefree functioning) of the instruments needed for a blind landing is P. I
fthe blind lan ding instruments function normally, the plane makes a safe landin
g with the same probability P] as in the case of a visual landing. Ifthe blind l
anding instrume nts fail, then the pilot may make a safe landing with probabilit
y p 2 < p 1 - Co mpute the probability of a safe landing if it is known that in
K percent of the cases there is a low cloud ceiling. Also find the probability t
hat the pilot use d the blind landing instrument, if the plane landed safely. A
train consists of n carriages, each of which may have a defect with probability
p. All the carriag es are inspected, independently of one another, by two inspec
tors; the first det ects defects (if any) with probability Pj, & the second with
probability p 2 . I f none of the carriages is found to have a defect, the trai
n departs . Find the probability of the event; " THE TRAIN DEPARTS WITH ATLEAST
ONE DEFECTIVE CARRIAGE " . Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 A is a set containing n distinct elem
ents. A non-zero subset P ofA is chosen at random. The set A is reconstructed by
replacing the elements of P. A non-zero su bset Qof A is again chosen at random
. Find the probability that P & Q have no co mmon elements. In a multiple choice
question there are five alternative answers of which one or more than one is co
rrect. A candidate will get marks on the ques tion only if he ticks the correct
answers. The candidate ticks the answers at ra ndom. If the probability of the c
andidate getting marks on the question is to be greater than or equal to 1 /3 fi
nd the least number of chances he should be all owed. Q.9 Q.10 n people are aske
d a question successively in a random order & exactly 2 of the n people know the
answer: (a) If n > 5, find the probability that thefirstf our of those asked do
not know the answer. (b) Show that the probability that th e rUl person asked i
s the first person to know the answer is : 2(n-r) n(n-l) Q.l l (i) (ii) (iii) if
1 < r < n A box contains three coins two of them are fair and one two - headed.
A coin i s selected at random and tossed. If the head appears the coin is tosse
d again, if a tail appears, then another coin is selected from the remaining coi
ns and toss ed. Find the probability that head appears twice. If the same coin i
s tossed twi ce,findthe probability that it is two headed coin. Find the probabi
lity that tai l appears twice.
<!Bansal Classes Probability [9]
Q.12 The ratio of the number of trucks along a highway, on which a petrol pump i
s located, to the number of cars running along the same highway is 3 :2. It is
k nown that an average of one truck in thirty trucks and two cars in fifty cars
st op at the petrol pump to be filled up with the fuel. If a vehicle stops at th
e p etrol pump to be filled up with the fuel, find the probability that it is a
car. Q.13 Abatch of fifty radio sets was purchased from three different companie
s A, B and C. Eighteen of them were manufactured by A, twenty of them by B and t
he r est were manufactured by C. The companies Aand C produce excellent quality
radio sets with probability equal to 0.9; B produces the same with the probabili
ty eq ual to 0.6. What is the probability of the event that the excellent qualit
y radi o set chosen at random is manufactured by the company B? Q.14 The content
s of th ree urns 1,2 & 3 are as follows : 1 W, 2 R, 3B balls 2 W, 3 R. IB balls
3 W, 1R, 2B balls An urn is chosen at random & from it two balls are drawn at ra
ndom & a re found to be " 1 R D E nd & 1 WHITE ". Find the probability that they
came fro m the 2 urn. Q.15 A slip of paper is given to a person "A" who marks i
t with eit her a (+)ve or a (-)ve sign, the probability of his writing a(+)ve si
gn being 1/ 3. "A" passes the slip to "B" who may leave it alone or change the s
ign before p assing it to "C", Similarly "C" passes on the slip to "D" & "D" pas
ses on the sl ip to Refree, who finds a plus sign on the slip. If it is known th
at B, C & D ea ch change the sign with a probability of 2/3, then find the proba
bility that "A" originally wrote a (+)ve sign. Q.16 There are 6 red balls & 8 gr
een balls in a bag. 5 balls are drawn out at random & placed hi a red box; the r
emaining 9 ball s are put in a green box. What is the probability that the numbe
r ofred balls in the green box plus the number of green balls in the red box is
not a prime numb er? Q.17 Two cards are randomly drawnfroma well shuffled pack o
f 52 playing card s, without replacement. Let x be the first number and y be the
second number. Su ppose that Ace is denoted by the number 1; Jack is denoted by
the number 11; Que en is denoted by the number 12; King is denoted by the numbe
r 13. Find the proba bility that x and y satisfy log3(x + y) - log3x - log3y +1=
0. Q. 18(a) Two natur al numbers x & y are chosen at random. Find the probabilit
y that x2 + y2 is divi sible by 10. (b) Two numbers x&y are chosen at random fro
m the set {1,2,3,4,.... 3n}. Find the probability that x2 - y2 is divisible by 3
. (c) If two whole numb ers x and y are randomly selected, then find the probab
ility that x 3 +y 3 is di visible by 8. a2 Q.19 A hunter's chance of shooting an
animal at a distance r is (r>a). He fir es when r = 2a & if he misses he reload
s & fires when r = 3a, 4a escapes. Find the odds against t he hunter. If he miss
es at a distance 'na', the animal Q.20 An unbiased normal coin is tossed ' n' ti
mes. Let : E, : event that both He ads and Tails are present in ' n' tosses. E2
: event that the coin shows up Head s atmost once. Find the value o f ' n' for w
hich Ej & E2 are independent. <!Bansa l Classes Probability [10]
n+2 Q.21 A coin is tossed (m+n) times (m>n). Show that the probability of at lea
st m consecutive heads is Q.22 There are two lots of identical articles with di
f ferent amount of standard and defective articles. There are N articles in the
fi rst lot, n of which are defective and M articles in the second lot, m of whic
h a re defective. K articles are selectedfromthefirstlot and L articles from the
sec ond and a new lot results. Find the probability that an article selected at
rand omfromthe new lot is defective. Q.23 An instrument is being tested, upon e
ach tr ial the instrument fails with probability p. After thefirstfailure the in
strumen t is repaired and after the second failure it is considered to be unfit
for oper ation. Find the probability that the instrument is rejected exactly in
the kth t rial. Q.24(a) Prove that if A, B & C are random events in a sample spa
ce & A, B, Carepairwise independent and Ais independent of (BuC) then A, B&C are
mutually independent. (b) An event A is known to be independent of the events B
, BuC & Bn C . Showthat it is also independent of C. Q.25 In a knockout tourname
nt 2n equal ly skilled players; S,, S2, S n are participating. In each round pla
yers are divided in pairs at random & winnerfromeach pair moves in the next roun
d. If S2 reaches the semifinal thenfindthe probability that S, wins the tourname
nt. EXERCISE-III Q.l Q. 2 Ifp&q are chosen randomly from the set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
8,9,10} with rep lacement. Determine the probability that the roots of the equa
tion x2 + px + q = 0 are real. [ JEE '97, 5 ] There is 3 0% chance that it rains
on any particular day. What is the probability that there is at least one rainy
day within a peri od of 7 - days ? Given that there is at least one rainy day,
what is the probabi lity that there are at least two rainy days ? [ REE '97,6 ]
Select the correct a lternative(s). [ JEE '98,6 x 2= 12 ] 7 white balls & 3 blac
k balls are randomly placed in a row. The probability that no two black balls ar
e placed adjacently e quals: (A) 1/2 ' (B) 7/15 (C) 2/15 (D) 1/3 If from each of
the 3 boxes containin g 3 white & 1 black, 2 white & 2 black, 1 white & 3 black
balls, one ball is dra wn at random, then the probability that 2 white & 1 blac
k ball will be drawn is: (A) 13/32 (B) 1/4 (C) 1/32 (D) 3/16 If E & F are the co
mplementary events of ev ents E & F respectively & if 0 < P (F) < 1, then: (A) P
(E | F) + P(E |F) = 1 (C ) P(E |F) + P(E| F ) = l (B) P(E|F) + P(E| F ) = l (D)
P(E| F) + P ( E I F ) = l Q.3 (i) (ii) (iii) <!Bansal Classes Probability [11]
(iv) There are 4 machines & it is known that exactly 2 of them are faulty. They
are t ested, one by one, in a random order till both the faulty machines are ide
ntifie d . Then the probability that only 2 tests are needed is: (A) 1/3 (B) 1/6
(C) 1/ 2 (D) 1/4 If E & F are events with P(E) < P(F) & P(E n F) > 0, then : (A
) occurr ence of E => occurrence of F (B) occurrence of F => occurrence of E (C)
non-occu rrence of E => non-occurrence of F (D) none of the above implications
holds. A f air coin is tossed repeatedly. If tail appears on first four tosses,
then the pr obability of head appearing on fifth toss equals : (A) 1/2 (B) 1/32
(C) 31/32 (D ) 1/5 3 players A, B&Ctossacoin cyclically in that order (that is A
, B, C,A, B, C, A, B, ) till a head shows . Let p be the probability that the co
in shows a he ad. Let a, p & y be respectively the probabilities that A, B and C
gets the firs t head. Prove that (3 = (1 - p)a. Determine a, (3 & y (in terms o
f p). [ JEE '98 , 8 ] Each co-efficient in the equation ax2+bx + c = 0 is determ
ined by throwing an ordinary die. Find the probability that the equation will ha
ve equal roots. [ REE '98,6 ] (v) (vi) Q.4 Q. 5 Q.6(a) If the integers m and n a
re chosen at random between 1 and 100, then the probability that a number of the
form 7m + 7" is divisible by 5 equals K b <> 7 < C >I (b) The probability that
a student passes in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are m, p and c respective
ly. Of these subjects, the student has a 75% chance of passing in at least one,
a 50% chance of passing in at least two, and a 40% chan ce of passing in exactly
two, which of the following relations are true? (A) p + m + c = 19 (B) p + m +
c = 27 (C)pmc= 1 (D)pmc=1 (c) Eight players P,, P7, P3, Pg play a knock-out tourn
ament. It is known that w henever the players P; and P play, the player P; will
win if i < j. Assuming tha
t the players are paired at random in each round, what is the probability that t
he player P4 reaches the final. [ JEE '99, 2 + 3 + 10 (out of 200)] Q.7 Q.8 Fou
r cards are drawn from a pack of 5 2 playing cards. Find the probability (correc
t upto two places of decimals) of drawing exactly one pair. [REE'99,6] A coin ha
s probability ' p' of showing head when tossed. It is tossed 'n' times. Let pn d
e note the probability that no two (or more) consecutive heads occur. Prove that
, p, = 1 , p2 = 1 - p2 & pn = (1 - p) p n _! + p (1 - p) p n _ 2 , for all n > 3
. [ JEE' 2000 (Mains), 5 ] <!Bansal Classes Probability [12]
Q.9 A and B are two independent events. The probability that both occur simultan
eous ly is 1 /6 and the probability that neither occurs is 1/3. Find the probabi
litie s of occurance ofthe events A and B separately. [REE'2000(Mains), 3] Q.10
Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of playing cards. Find the probab ilit
y that one card is a heart and the other is an ace. [ REE' 2001 (Mains), 3 ] Q.
11 (a) An urn contains'm' white and 'n' black balls. Aball is drawn at rando m a
nd is put back into the urn along with K additional balls of the same colour as
that of the ball drawn. A ball is again drawn at random. What is the probabil it
y that the ball drawn now is white. (b) An unbiased die, with faces numbered 1 ,
2,3,4,5,6 is thrown n times and the list of n numbers showing up is noted. What
is the probability that among the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6, only three numbers appea
r in the list. [JEE' 2001 (Mains), 5 + 5 ] Q.12 A box contains N coins, m of whi
ch are fair and the rest are biased. The probability of getting a head when a f
a ir coin is tossed is 1/2, while it is 2/3 when a biased coin is tossed. A coin
i s drawnfromthe box at random and is tossed twice. Thefirsttime it shows head
and the second time it shows tail. What is the probability that the coin drawn i
s f air? [ JEE' 2002 (mains)] Q. 13(a) Aperson takes three tests in succession.
The probability of his passing the first test is p, that of his passing each suc
cess ive test is p or p/2 according as he passes or fails in the preceding one.
He ge ts selected provided he passes at least two tests. Determine the probabili
ty tha t the person is selected. (b) In a combat, A targets B, and both B and C
target A. The probabilities ofA, B, C hitting their targets are 2/3,1/2 and 1/3
respect ively. They shoot simultaneously and Ais hit. Find the probability that
B hits h is target whereas C does not. [JEE' 2003, Mains-2 + 2 out of 60] Q. 14(
a) Three distinct numbers are selectedfromfirst100 natural numbers. The probabil
ity that all the three numbers are divisible by 2 and 3 is (A)5 4 (B ) 5 5 4 (Q4
C) D 4 (b) If A and B are independent events, prove that P (A u B) P (A' n B')
< P (C), where C is an event defined that exactly one of A or B occurs. (c) A ba
g contai ns 12 red balls and 6 white balls. Six balls are drawn one by one witho
ut replac ement of which atleast 4 balls are white. Find the probability that in
the next two draws exactly one white ball is drawn (leave the answer in terms o
fnCr). [JE E 2004,3 + 2 + 4] <!Bansal Classes Probability [13]
Q. 15(a) A six faced fair dice is thrown until 1 comes, then the probability tha
t 1 comes in even number of trials is (A) 5/11 (B) 5/6 (C) 6/11 (D) 1/6 [JEE 20
0 5 (Scr)] 13 2 1 (b) A person goes to office either by car, scooter, bus or tra
in probability of which being ,, and 2 14 1 respectively. Probability that he reach
es office late, if he takes car, scooter, bus or train is , , and respectively. Gi
ve n that he reached office in time, then what is the probability that he travel
led by a car. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 2] Comprehension (3 questions) There are n urns
ea ch containing n +1 balls such that the Ith urn contains i white balls and (n
+1 - i) red balls. Let u, be the event of selecting r111 urn, i= 1,2,3, ,n and
w de notes the event of getting a white ball. Q. 16(a) If P(Uj) oc i where i = 1
,2,3, (A) 1 (B) 2/3 , n then Lim P(w) is equal to n-oo (C) 3/4 (D) 1/4 (b) If P(U
j) = c, where c is a constant then P(un/w) is equal to 2 (A) v ' n+1 1 (B) v ' n
+1 (C) v n t ' n+1 (D) v 1 2 (c) If n is even and E denotes the event of choosin
g even numbered urn (P(u.) = ) , then the value of ' n P(w/E), is n+2 n+2 n 1 [JE
E 2006,5 marks each] <!Bansal Classes Probability [14]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q 1. 70 8 10 (i) f y (ii) y x (iii) y (iv) 0 Q 5. 5/9 Q8.

120 29 Q 11. Q 2. 97/( 25)4 Q 3. (i) 3/56 (ii) 9/28 Q 6. P(F/M) = % ; P (F/m) =
4\ 16 Q 9. 3 328 1 1 Q 12. Q 13. - , Q 15. 1/2 Q 16. 0.6976 Q 19. 1/2 125 63 Q 2
2. (i) 773- ; (ii) 77 1 6 o4 Q 4. 13/24 Q 7. 319/420 Q 10. best of 3 games Q 14.
(i) 1/10, (ii) 3/10, (iii) 2/3 Q 17.19/42 Q 20. 407/576 Q 23. 101/1326 Q 1 8. P
(A) = 2/3, P(B) = 1/2 Q 21. Both are equally likely C Q24. " ^ T 24 or 23 Q25. I
ndependent in (a) and not independent in (b) Q 27. (1 - p ) - 1 . [ p0 (1 - p) +
np(l -p 0 )] 481 4V2 Q 29. - 5 - , 5 5 Q 26. P, = 1/2 , P2 = 3/4 Q 28. Q30. mea
n = 0.5 EXERCISE-II Q 1. (a) 6%, 21%; (b) 79%, 44%, (c) 9/44 20.45% Q5. p ( H /
s ) = l / 2 P 4 [1 PU l + ( 1 " P ) P 2 ] U p1 + A [ P P 1 + ( 1 _ P ) P 2 ] 100
Q 2. (i) 0.82, (ii) 0.76 Q 3. | Q 4. 74/81 Q6. K K . K m . /1 r.x ! /x x 1 a ^
P(E) = (I- -)p,+[Pp,+(1-P)p 2 ] ;P(H2/A):\ Q7. l - [ l - p ( l - p i ) ( l - p 2
) ] n Q 8. (3n-2n+1+1 )/(4n-2n+1+1) Q 9. 11 Q10- ^^f Q.13 ~ Q1L 1/2 1/2 1/12 ' '
Q12 -1 Q 14. 6/11 Q 15. 13/41
Bansal Classes Probability [15]
Q 16. 213/1001 Q 19. n+1: n-1 KnM+LmN ' MN(K + L) Q.17 ~ Q 20.n=3 Q 18. (a) 9/50
(b) (c) ^ 3 Q 23 Q 22 P d-P)" 2 2 Q 25 ' EXERCISE-III Q.l 31/50 Q.2 [1 - (7/10)
7 - 7Cj (3/10) (7/10)6]/1 - (7/10)7 (iv) A(v) D (vi) A Q.5 Q.3 (i) B (ii) A (iii
) - A, D Q.4 a = ^j , l-(l-p)3 P = - l t J > ) ! L , y = i h P ) ! P _3 l-(l-p)3
l-(l-p) 5/216 Q.6 (a) A (b) B, C (c) 4/35 Q.7 0.31 Q.9 | & | or J& Q.10 1 26
Q.ll " (a);(b) m+n m 6 C 3 (3"-3.2 n +3) Z 6" Q.12 ^ 9m m + 8N Q.13 (a)p (2-p) ;
(b) 1/2 2 1 Q.14 ( a ) D , ( c ) 12/-i 3 4 6p 112 2V 2 12C 6q 10c 2Q +12 Q 6Q 11
c 1 4 + 12 p 6p H 1 + 12 p 6p 6 5 , 1 Q.15 (a) A, (b) ^ Q.16 (a) B, (b)A, (c)B <
!Bansal Classes Probability [16]
BANSAL CLASSES IMATHEMATICS I TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (PQRS & J) ^ffteAiny oj/ou
QI/ouv Q&/ QUESTION BANK ON STRAIGHT LINE COMPLEX NUMBER SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE S
EQUENCE & PROGRESSION Time Limit: 5 Sitting Each of 75 Minutes duration approx.
This Question Bank will be discussed just after the Deepawali vacation.
Question bank on Straight line, Sequence & Progression, Solutions of Triangle &X
ompIex Number. There are 125 questions in this question bank. Select the correc
t alternative : (Only one is correct) ' r Q. 1 If in a triangle ABC, b cos2 + a
cos2 = - c then a, b, c are : (A) in A.P. (B) i n GP. (C) in H.P. (D) None A B 1
Q.2 ^ On the portion ofthe straight line, x + 2y = 4 intercepted between the ax
e s, a square is constnicted on the side ofthe line away from the origin. Then t
ir e point ofintersection of its diagonals has co-ordinates (A) ( 2 . 3 ) (B) (3
,2) (C) (3.3) (D) (2,2) 3.3 If A is the area and 2s the sum ofthe 3 sides of a t
ria ngle, then ! (A) A < , W3 (B) A 2W (a + ib), then a2 + b2 is equal to : (B)
2 (C ) 3 (D) 4 (D) None 3-4 If (73 4 i)' (A) 1 <wveifthe (ami ly of lines, a (2x
+ y + 4) + b (x - 2y - 3) = 0. Among the lines of the family, the number of lin
es situated at a distance of (A) 0 (B) 1 ).6 Th e sum of n terms ofthe series. (
A) 2 n i n ).7 2 2 from the point M (2, - 3) is : (C) 2 2n + in 1 (D) oo (B)n +
2n f 2n + 1 i 2n + .v 1 +3 +5 + is: 2n - I v 2n - 1 / i i (C) m + n (D) none of
the se II ' A (3, 4). B (5, - 2) & C are 3 points such th^t AC = BC & the area o
f A ABC = 10, then the co-ordinates ofC are : (A) ( 7 , - 2 ) or ( 1 , 0 ) (B) (
-7.2) o r (0,1) ( C ) ( - 7 . - 2 ) or (-1.0) (D) (7,2) or (1,0) If is purely ima
ginary t hen (A) (B) 2 ).8 z, + z, is equal to : Z, - z , (C) 3 (D) 0 ).9 c c In
any triangle ABC, (a + b)2 sin2 + (a - b)2cos2 (A) c (a + b) (B) b (c + a)
(C) a (b + c) (D) c2 i.IO I f the point B is symmetric to the point A (4, -1) wi
th respect to the bisector of thefirstquadrant, then 1 the lenuth AB is : (A) 3
^2 (B) 4^2 (C) 5 h (D) non e '.11 In a triangle ABC, CM and CM are the lengths o
f the altitude and median to the b ase AB. If a = 10, b = 26, c = 32 then length
(HM) (A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) none Q. B. on St. line, sequence & progression,compl
ex No. <j>-III, [2] (S? Bansal Classes
Q.12 Number of points denoting the complex number Z on the complex plane and sat
isfying simultaneously 7 the system of equations 0 < argZ <7t/4 and | Z - 6 i |
= 5is /yy/ (A) 0 (B) 1! (C) 2 (D) more than 2 Q.13 A stick of length 10 units r
e sts against the tloor & a wall ofa room . If the stick begins to slide on the
fl oor then the locus of its middle point is : (A) x2 + y2 = 2.5 (B) x2 + y2 = 2
5 ( C) x2 + y2 = 100 (D) none Q. 14 If a, b, c are in 1 LP., then a. a - c. a b ar e in : (A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C)H.P. (D) none of these Q. 15 Through a given po
int P (a, b) a straight line is drawn to meet the axes a t Q & R. If the paralle
logram Sy-yf OQSR is completed then the equation ofthe lo cus of S is (given'O'
is the origin): a b a ib h . (B) ^ = (A) - + -i (C) t + = 2 (I)) 2 x y y x x V!
v x 1 iz ll Q. 16 1 z = x+ iy & to = 1 then | to | = 1 i mplies that, in the com
plex plane : z- i (B) z lies on the real axis (A) z lies on the imaginary axis (
D) none (C) z lies on the unit circle Q. 17 In a triangle ABC. CD is the bisecto
r ol the angle C. 1 cos has the value ~ and /(CD) - 6, th en 1 2 j i + j has the
value equal to (A) C I (B) (C) (I)) none Q. 1JL Two mutually perpendicular strai
ght lines through the origin from an isos celes triangle with the line 2x + y =
5 . Then the area of the triangle is : > ( A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 5/2 (D) 1 Q. 19 If the
median ofa triangle ABC through A is perpe ndicular to AB then --- has the valu
e equal to tan Ii n- > A 5 (A) (B) 2 (C) - 2 (D) Q.20 The region represented by
inequalities Arg Z < ; | Z | < 2; lm(z) > 1 in the Argand diagram is given by: 2
1 7 > V0 \ a \ 1 \ , 2 (D) T 1' V" 1 2 (S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on St. line, seq
uence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [462]
Q.21 Distance between the two lines represented by the line pair, x2 - 4xy + 4y2
+.x - 2y - 6 = 0 is : "(A) V5 (B) V5 (C) 2 4 (D) none Q.22 Q.23 If three positi
ve numbers a. b, c are in H.P. thene'n + u-2b+c) simplifies to 2 (A) (a - c) (B)
zero (C) ( a - c) (D) 1 The distance between the two parallel li nes is 1 unit.
A point 'A' is chosen to lie between the lines at a distance'd' f rom one of th
em . TriangleABC is equilateral with B on one line and C on the oth er parallel
line. The length ofthe side ofthe equilateral triangle is (A) | V d 2 + d + l (B
) ~ 3 d+ ' (C) 2 V d 2 - d + l (D) V d 2 _ d + i Q.24 Let /. be a complex number
, then the fey ion represented by the inequality |z + 2| < | z 4 4 [ is given '
by: (A) Re(z)>-3 (B) Im(z) < - 3 (C) Re (z) < - 3 & Im (z) > - 3 (D) Re (z) < 4 & Im (z) > - 4 Q.25 .With usual notations, in a triangle ABC, a cos(B - C) + b
cos(C - A) + c c os( A - B) is equal to (A) abc F" abc 4abc i 1 abc Q.26 The co
-ordinates ofthe points A, B, C are (- 4. 0), (0, 2) & (-13, 2) respective ly .
The point of intersection ofthe line which bisects the angle CAB internally and
the line joining C to the middle point of AB is: ( A ) (_|,i) m [_!.!!) m
( l , J i ) 1 (D) Q.27 Q.28 , With usual notations in a triangle ABC, (11, ) (112
) (113) has the value equal to (A) R2r (B) 2R2r (C)4R2r (D) 16R2r If co be a com
plex cube root of unity, then the value of (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) - 1 1+2 1 + co + -- is :
2 +co (D) none Q.29 The points A(a, 0), B(0, b), C(c, 0) & D(0, d) are such tha
t ac = bd & a, b, c, d are all non-zero. The the points: (A) form a parallelogra
m (B) do not lie on a circle (C) form a trapezium (D) areconcyclic Ifthe roots o
f the cubic x3 - px2 + qx - r = 0 arc in G.P. then (A) q3 = p3r (B)p3 = q3r (C)
pq = r (D)pr = q Q.30 Q.31 If A, is the area ofthe triangle with the vertices (0
,0); (atanO, bcotO); (asinO , bcosO); A2isthe area of the triangle with the vert
ices (a, b); (a sec2 0 , b c osec2 0); (a + a sin2 0 , b + b cos2 0) and A3 is t
he area ofthe triangle with t he vertices (0,0); (atanO, -bcotO); (asinO, bcosO)
then the values of 0 for whic h A,,A2, A3 areinGP. is: (A) 0 (B) tt/2 (C) 0 , 0
e R (D) none Q. B. on St. line , sequence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [4
] (S? Bansal Classes
Q.32 -kQ.33 If (A) 1 - - 1 . then the expression z" 7 (B) - 1 + z r is equal to

: ' (C) i i (D)-i In a A ABC, ifthe median, bisector and altitude drawn from the
vertex A divide t he angle at the vertex into four equal parts then the angles
of the A ABC are : 2i it i n n k rt .nr n n jit it (A)T.7.~ T T 1 <0 J.-J-j
W - . - . j Q. 34 The acute angle between two straight lines passing through the
point M(- 6 .-8) and the points in which the line segment 2x + y + 10 = 0 enclo
sed between t he co-ordinate axes is divided in the-ratio 1 :2 :2 in the directi
onfromthe poin t of its intersection with the x - axis to the point of intersect
ion with the yaxis is: (A) ft/3 (B) TI/4 (C) N / 6 (D) TI/12 Q.35 With usual not
ation in a AAB C equal to: (A) 1 (B) 16 + V r, r2j \r2 , 1 1 -t - , , , where K ha
s the value r, j vr, \\J a"b c" (D) 128 (C) 64 < . i Q.36 If P the affix ofz in
the Argand diagram & P moves so that - ' is alw ays purilv imaginary, then the z
-1 locus ofz is : V I (A) circle centre , , radi us -J= (B) circle centre ^ 1, - j radiu^ -|= (C) circle centre (2,2) and radiu s 1/2 (D) none of these I (|).
37 In an A.P. with first tenn 'a' and the common difference d (a. d * 0). th e r
atio' p' ofthe sum ofthe first a n terms to sum ofn terms succeeding them doe s
not depend on n. Then the ratio and the ratio' p'. respectively are 11 (A)-,1 (B
)2, ( C ) 11 2'3 ( D )1 2'2 _ . . . . , _ a cos A + bcosB + ccosC . Q.38 In a AAB
C, the value of is equal to : a + b+ c (A) r (B)R
(C)7 _ R CD) 2r Q.39 Ifthe straight lines joining the origin and the points of i
ntersection ofth e curve 5x2 + 12xy - 6y2 + 4x - 2y + 3 = 0 and x + ky - 1 = 0 a
re equally inclin ed to the co-ordinate axes then the value of k : (A) is equal
to 1 (B) is equal to - 1 (C) is equal to 2 (D) does not exist in the set of real
numbers , (S? Ban sal Classes Q. B. on St. line, sequence & progression,complex
No. <j>-III, [5]
Q .40 If co is one ofthe imaginary cube root of unity then the value of tire exp
ressio n, (1 + 2co + 2or)lt) + (2 + co + 2co2)10 + (2 + 2co + to2)10 is: (A) 0 (B) 1 ' (C) co (D) co2 (r, +r,)(r, + r,)(r, + r,) w dth u s u a l n o t a t b n
in a A A BC, if R = k where k has the value equal to r, r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r, (A) 1
(B) 2 ' (C) 1/4 (D) 4 Q.41 Q.42 Q.43 I fa, b, c are in CP., then the equations,
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 & dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have a common root, i f d c r - -,-arcin:
, .. a bb c c ' > (A) A.P. (B) G.P. ( C) HP. (D) none i j I In a triangle ABC,
AI) is the altitude from A. Given b > c , angle C = 23 & ! AD = ? h c ; 1 Iv - c'
then angle B = (A)157 Q.44 (B)113 (C)147 (D)nonc If ot& [5 are imaginary cube root
s of unity then a n +P" is equal to : n it (A) 2cos-2 (B) cos + (C)2isin (D) isin
3 3 3 A pair of perpendicular straight lines is drawn through the origin forming
with the line 2x t 3y 6 an isosceles triangle right angled at the origin. The e
quation to the line pair is: (A) 5x2 - 24xy - 5 y2 0 I (B) 5x2 - 26xy - 5y2 = 0
(C) 5x2 i 24xy - 5y2 0 ' (D) 5x2 + 26xy - 5y2 = 0 In a A ABC, cos 3A eos 3B + co
s 3C = 1 then : (A) A ABC is right angled (B) A ABC is acute angled (C) A ABC is
obtuse angled (D) nothing definite can be said about the nature of the A. If th
e sum ofthe roots ofthe quadratic equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to sum oft
he squares of their , . a b c reciprocals, then , , are in : c a b (A) A.P. (B) GP
. Q.45 Q.46 Q.47 (C)H.P. (D) none 7 1 Q.48. The locus of z, for arg z = - is 2n
(A) same as the locus of z for arg z = , 7 i (B) same as the locus ofz for arg z
= ~ (C) the part ofthe straight line V3 x + y =0 with (y < 0, x > 0) (D) the pa
rt of the straight line V3x + y =0with(y>0,x<0) (S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on St.
line, sequence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [6]
Q.49 If the incirclc ofthe A ABC touches its sides respectively at L. M and N an
d if x. v, z be the circumradii of the triangles MIN. NIL and LIM where I is the
ince ntre then the product xy/, is equal to : (A) R r (B) rR2 (C) - Rr2 (D) - r
R2 If the line y = mx bisects the angle between the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 t
hen m is a root of the quadratic equation: (A) hx2 + ( a - b ) x - h = 0 (B) x2
+ h (a - b) x - 1 = 0 (C) (a - b) x2 + hx - (a - b) = 0 (D) (a - b) x2 - hx - (a
b) = 0 I Q.5 1 AD, BE and CF are the perpendiculars from the angular points of
a A ABC upon the opposite sides. The perimeters ofthe A DEF and A ABC are in the
ratio : Q.50 (A) B <> i <c> i . <D) i i ! where r is the in radius and R is the
circum radius ofthe A ABC > f j Q.52 (COS0 - isinO)4 (sinQ + icosO)5 (A) cosO-i
sinO (B) cos 90 - i sin 90 (C) sin 90 - i cos 90 (D) sin 0 - i cos 0 Q.53 Letan,
n e N is an A.P. with common'difference 'd'&all whose terms are non-zero. If n
approaches infinity, then the sum + + ! a,a-> aT< ^ i 2 i 1 will approach i+i (D)a
.d (A);a jd Q.54 (B) ajd Points A & B are in the first quadrant; point'O'is the
origin . If the slope of OA is 1. slope of OB is 7 and OA = OB, then the slope o
f AB is : (A) - 1/5 (B) 1/4 (C) - 1/3 (D) - 1/2 B C In a A ABC if b + c = 3a the
n cot cot has the value e qual to : (A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1 Q.55 Q.56 Expressed in
the form r(cos0 + isin0), - 2 + 2i becomes : (A) 2x/2 cos] + i sin - 4; V4 (C) ?
V2 cos| 3ti ) . . f. 3K + 1 sin 4/ V 4 rcosf3ni4+ ismf3*!] (B) 2V2 V 4J V
7 1 . . (D) 72 cos| - + tsin 7t 4J K4 Q.57 If P (1,2), Q(4,6), R(5,7)& S (a, b) a

re the vertices of a parallelogram PQ RS, then: (A) a = 2, b = 4 (B) a = 3, b =
4 (C) a = 2, b = 3 (D) a = 3, b = 5 (S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on St. line, sequen
ce & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [7]
Q.58 Let f g, h be the lengths ofthe perpendiculars from the circumcentre ofthe A
ABC on the sides a. b and c respectively .If + + .= X - then the value of X is : f
g h tgh (A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2 oo = 4 + 371 Q.59 The sum to infinite numbe
r of terms of series (A/2 + l| + 1 +(V2 - l) + ~ yj 2 > <B)(V2 + I)' v . ( O - U
. 3-2V2 (D) ^ : 3 -l- 21sinx . . . . Q.60 1 1 is purely imaginary then x = 1 - 2
isinx (A) nn ! Q.61 1 6 . I II the orthocentre anjd circumcentre of a triangle A
BC be at equal distances from the side BC and lie on the same side of BC then ta
nB lanC has the value eq ual to: (A) 3 (B)j (C)-3 (D)- ~ 1 I (B) nu -7 3 (C) 2nn
~ 3 (D) 2n n ~ 6 Q.62 P is a point inside the triangl? ABC. Lines arc drawn thr
ough P, parallel to the sides of the triangle. The three resulting triangles wit
h the vertex at P have areas 4,9 and 49 sq. units. The area ofthe triangleABC is
(A) 2^3 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 144 Q.63 The product ofthe distances ofthe incentre f
rom the angular points ofa AABC is : (A) 4 R2 r (B) 4 Rr2 (C) (a b c) R (D) (abc
)s R Q.64 Q.65 The number of solutions ofthe equation z2 + z = 0 where z is a co
mplex number, i s: (A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1 If Sn denotes the sum ofthefirstn ten
ns of a GP., wit h thefirstterm and the common ratio both positive, then (A) S ,
S 2 n , S3n form a G.P. ( B ) Sn ' S2n " Sn , S 3n , -S 2n form a G.P. (C) S2n Sn , S3n - S2n , S3n - Sn form a GP. (D) S2n-Sn , S 3 -S 2 n , S 3 -S n form a
GP. In a AABC if b = a (V3 1) (A) 15 (B) 45
ar, Q.66 ; Q.67 d ZC = 30 then the measure of the angle A is (C) 75 (D) 105 4 VII A
is a point on either of two lines y + V3 I x I = 2 at a distance of j j units f
rom their point of intersection. The co-ordinates of the foot of perpendicular f
rom A on the bisector of the angl e between them are (D) (0,4) (A) (B) (0,0) (C)
.S (S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on St . line, sequence & progression,complex No. <j
>-III, [8]
Q.68 If s n = 1 + i"2 + T[ + H> + (A) zero lorn odd (C) positive for n even + i
-2" ; n e N and i =V^T then 'Sn is (B) zero ofneven - (D) negative for n odd 5P
. 1 P Q.69 In a AABC, a = a, = 2 , b = a-,, c = a3 such that ap+, = where p = (A
) r, = r2 1 ,2 then (B)r, = 2r, ' (C) r2 = 2r, ap v 5P (D) r2.= 3r Q.70 In a tri
angle AI3C. side AB has the equation 2 x + 3 y = 29 and the side AC has the equa
tion . x + 2y = 16. If the mid-point of BC is (5,6) then the equation of BC is :
(A) x - y = - 1 (B)5x-2y=*13 (C) x + y = 11 (D)3x-4y = - 9 Consider an A.P. a,
, a-, a, a, + a6 + a 7 is (A)-8 (B)5 such that a3 + a- + a8 = 11 and a^ + an = 2. then the value of j j (C)7 (D) 9 Q.71 Q.72 The solution set ofthe equation, z
2 + (3 + 2i)z - 7 + 17i = 0 where z is a complex number expressed in the form of
a + bi is (A) 2 - 3i; - 5 + i (B)2 + 3 i ; - 5 + i (C) 2 - 3i; 5 - i (D)none Q.
73 Three lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 ; x + 2y 7,= 0 and 2x - y - 4 = 0 form the three s
ides of two squares. The equation to th e fourth side of each square is ( A ) 2
x - y + 14 = 0 & 2x - y + 6 = 0 ( B ) 2 x - y + 14 = 0 & 2 x - y - 6 = 0 (C) 2x
- y - 14 = 0 & 2x - y - 6 = 0 (D) 2x - y - 14 = 0 & 2x - y + 6 = 0 ' 1 1 1 Q.74
If'()' is the circumcentre ofthe A ABCj" and R,, R, and R3 are the radii ofthe c
ircumcircles of triangles OBC, OCA and O AB respectively then + + has the value
equal to: j R, R2 R3 (A) abc 2R , (B) v R1 abc (C) T R 4A (D) K J A ^7 4R2
Q.75 nd x 2 ) z = " J ar
The circumcentre ofthe triangle formed by the + y + 2 = 0 is: (A) ( - 2 , - 2 )
(B) ( - 1 , Q.76 The principal value ofthe arg(z) and | z 1 + cos 11 t ' , ' T T
T c o s Isn 2n In (C) ~
lines, xy + 2x + 2y + 4 - 1 ) (C) (0,0) (D) ( | of the complex number , 2 cos .
. flliO + 1
= 0 a 1 , flljO sin ^ ^
e respectively : , < B -In? - 2 c o s l In l ? .71 n (D)- - , - 2 c o s Q.77 The
medians ofa A ABC are 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm respectively. Then the area of the
triangle is (A) 96 sq cm (B)84sqcm (C)72sqcm (D)60sqcm Bansal Classes Q. B. on S
t. line, sequence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [9]
Q.78 ABC is an isosceles triangle'.*Ifthe co-ordinates ofthe base are (1.3) and
(- 2. 7), then co-ordinates of vertex A can be : t (A) ( 4 . 5 ) <B)(-i,5) (C)(f
.-5) <D)(-7;i) Q.79 A circle of radius r is inscribed in a square. The mid point
s ofsides of th e square have been connected by line segment and a new square re
sulted. The side s ofthe resulting square were also connected by segments so tha
t a new square wa s obtained and so on, then the radius ofthe circle inscribed i
n the nlh square i s 1-11" 21 r (A) 3.80 3-3n " (B) 2 r (C) 2 2 n (D) _ 5-3 n O"
2 Let z = 1 -,sin a + i cos a where a e (0, n/2), then the modulus and the prin
cip al value ofthe argument ofz are respectively: j (A) ^ ( l - s i n a ) (C) (l
+ s ina) n + f a + (B) (l-sina) , n 4 a 2 4 2 (D) 72 (l + sina) , 3.81 The equa
tiohs ofthe straight line PL, PM are 13x + 4y = 8 and 19x - 3y = 17 resp ectivel
y, then the length ofthe perpendiculars from any point on the line PQ to the lin
es PL, PM arc in the ratio [where coordinates of Q s(5,3)] t (A)1:V2 : (B) 1 :2
(C) 2 : 1
; (0)^2:1 1 I 82 If x, y and z are the distances of incentre from the vertices o

fthe triangle ABC respectively then ja be !xyz is M " equal to (A) n t a n A ^ A
(B)2>ly ^ A (C) Z t a n Y A (D)Z sm 83 The line x + y = p meets the axis of x&y
at A&B respectively .A triangle APQ is inscribed in the triangle OAB, O being t
he origin, with right angle at Q . P and Q lie respectively on OB and AB . Ifthe
area ofthe triangle APQ is 3/8lh oft he area of the triangle OAB, then (A) 2 84
(B) 2/3 (C) 1/3 is equal to : (D) 3 The root ofthe equation z5 + z4 + z3 + z2 +
z + 1 =0 having the least positive a rgument is : n n (A) cos + 1 sin 6 6 7t 7
1 (B) cos +1 sin (D) cos + i sin 7 1 7 1 (C) cos +1 sin 4 4 (S? Bansal Classes Q
. B. on St. line, sequence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [10]
Q.85 la a AABC, a semicircle is inscribed, whose diameter lies on the side c. Th

en th e radius ofthe semicircle 7 is ' 2A 2A (A) (B) a+b a+b-c Where A is the area
ofthe triansjle ABC. 2A (O (D) c Q.8 6 , Q.87 If in triangle ABC , A = (1. 10).
circumcentre s j - ) and orthocentre = (D) (1,6) (V ' 4) lhcn llic co-ordinates o
f mid-point of side opposite to A is : (A) (1,-11/3) (B)(l-5) (C) (1,-3) Given a
m+n = A ; ain = B as the terms ofthe GP. a, . a2 . a, following ho lds? (A)a=VAB
(C) am = a, A\ in m n - mn nun (B) ^ =2VA"B" (A) (D)a=a, vB, then for A ^ 0 whic
h ofthe in" 11 n-11 Q.88 A point 'z' moves on the curve | z - 4 - 3 i | = 2 in a
n argand plane. The maxim um and minimum values of | z | are : (A) 2, 1 (B) 6, 5
(C) 4, 3 (D) 7.3 Q.89 The points with the co-ordinates (2a, 3a), (3 b. 2b) & (c
.c) are collinear : (A) for no value of a, b, c (B) for all values of a, b, c i
(C) if a, - . b ar e in II.P. (D) if a. - c. b arc in H.P. 5 5 ^ , Q.90 cos A cos
B cosC ; = = lien the triangle is a b c ' (A) right angled (B) isosceles (C) equi
lateral ... II in a A ABC. (D)obtuse Q.91 If x,, y, are the roots of x2 + 8 x 20 = 0, x 2 , y2 are the roots of 4 x2 + 3 2 x - 57 = 0 and x 3 , y3 are the roo
ts of 9 x2 + 72 x - 1 1 2 = 0 , then the po ints, (x,, y,), (x2, y2) & (x3, y3)
(A) are collinear (B) form an equilateral tr iangle (C) form a right angled isos
celes triangle (D) are concyclic If o) is an imaginary cube root of unity, then
the value of, (p + q)1 + (P (J) + q O)2)3 -I- (p G)2 -I- q oi)3 is : 3 (A) p + q
3 (B) 3 (p3 + q3) (C) 3 (p3 + q3) - p q (p + q) (D) 3 (p3 + q3) + p q (p + q) i
Q.93 If cos A + cosB + 2cosC = 2 then the sides of the AABC are in (A) A.P. (B)G
.P (C)H.P. ' (D) none Q.94 'frian gle formed by the lines x + y = 0 , x - y = 0
and /x + my = 1. If 1 and m vary s ubject to the condition / 2 + m2 = 1 then the
locus of its circumcentre is (A) ( x2 - y2)2 = x2 + y2 (B) (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y
2) (C) (x2 + y2) = 4x2 y2 (D) (x2 y2)2 = (x2 + y2)2 (S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on
St. line, sequence & progression,c omplex No. <j>-III, [11] Q.92
Q.95 Ifthe sum of the first 11 terms ofan arithmetical progression equals that o
fthe first 19 terms, then the sum of itsfirst30 terms, is (A) equal to 0 (B) equ
al to - 1 (C) equal to 1 (D) non unique If z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) where p.qe I {0}, is purely imaginary then minimum value of |zp is 3364 (C) (D) 3364 j Two rays
eman ate from the point Aand form an angle of 43 with one another. Lines L,,L, a
nd L, (no two of which are parallel) each form an isosceles triangle witli the o
rigina l rays. The largest angle ofthe triangle formed by lines L,, L-, and L, i
s : (A) 127 ~ " (B) 129 (C) 133 (D) 137 (A) 0 (B) 58 If in a A ABC.cosAcosB -t sinA
sinB' , sin2C 1 then, the statement which isiincorrect, is (A) A ABC is isoscele
s but no t right angled (B) AABC is acute angled (C) A ABC is right angled (D) l
east angl e ofthe triangle is Q 96 Q.97 Q.98 Q.99 The co-ordinates ofthree point
s A(-4,0); B(2,1) and C(3,1) determine the vertice s of an equilateral trapezium
ABCD . The co-ordinates ofthe vertex D are : (A) ( 6,0) (B) (- 3, 0) (C) (-5,0)
(D) (9, 0) Q 100 If in a triangle ABC p. q, r are the altitudes from the vcrtic
cs A, B, C t o the opposite sides, then which ofthe following does not hold good
? , (A) (EP) ( v i j =(XA) [ v i j (C) (Z p) (Z pq) ( n a) = (Z a) (Z ab) (fl p)
(B) ( I p ) ( E a ) = | J z ^ ^ V (D) 0 (1 1 s i n :- + - - V p q rJ V p) ( whe
re R is the circum-radius of A ABC Q.101 The image ofthe pair of lines repres en
ted by ax2 + 2h xy + by2 = 0 by the linemirrory = 0 is (A) ax2 - 2h xy - by2 = 0
(B) bx2 - 2h xy + ay2 = 0 2 2 (C) bx + 2h xy + ay = 0 (D) ax2 - 2h xy + by2 = 0
Q.l 02 Let C be a circle with centre P() and AB be a diameter of C. Suppose P ,
is the mid point ofthe line segment P()B, P, is the mid point ofthe line segme
nt P,B and soon. Let C,, C-,, C3, be circles with diameters P()Pp P,P2, P2P3 res
pectively. Suppose the circles C p C2, C3, are all shaded. The ratio of the are
a ofthe unshaded portion of C to that ofthe original circle C is (A)8:9 (B)9:10
( C)10:11 (O) 11:12 Q. 103 The set of values of 'b' for which the origin and the
p oint (1,1) lie on the same side ofthe straight line, a2x + a by + 1 = 0 V a G
R, b > 0 are : (A) b 6 (2, 4) (B) b e (0, 2) (C) b g [0, 2] (D) (2, 00) Q. 104
The product of the arithmetic mean of the lengths ofthe sides of a triangle and
har monic mean ofthe lengths of the altitudes ofthe triangle is equal to: (A) A
(B) 2 A (C) 3 A (D) 4 A [ where A is the area of the triangle ABC ] (S? Bansal C
lass es Q. B. on St. line, sequence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [12]
Q. 105 The co-ordinates ofthe vertices P. Q, R & S of square PQRS inscribed in t

he triangle ABC with vertices As(0.0). B = (3.0) & C = (2, 1) given that two of
its vertices P Q are on the side AB are respectively ,A) U - V u .0 0 U f > U '
3 ' 27 S (C) (1,0) V' 2 M 4J1 . 11 2 4 4 4 Q.l 06 If in a triangle sin A: sin C
= sin (A-B) : sin (B-C) then a 2 : b 2 : c2 (A) are in A.P. (B)areinGP (C) are
in H.P. (D) none of these Q.107 The line 2x + 3y= 12 meets the x-axis at A and t
hey-axis at B .The line through (5,5) perpen dicular toAB meets the x-axis, y- a
xis & the line AB at C, D, E respectively. If O is the origin, then the area of
the ojrEB is : , i f 2j0 23 26 5752 (A) sq. un its (B) sq. units (C) sq. units (
D) sq. units 2 cos A a Q. 108 If in a triangle ABC (A) n ? 8 (B) cos B ^ cos C 3
b + + = + then the value of the angle A is : b c be ca t n 71 ( C ) -j r (D)~ Q.
109 Let As (3.2) and B s (5,1). ABP is an equilateral triangle is constructed o
n the side'ofAB remote from the origin then the orthocentre of triangle ABP is '
(A) 4-73. ? - 7 3 -) ,0,14-175.2-^ (B) 4 + 73, i + 73 i \ (D) 4 + 73, + - 73 z j
Q. 110 With usual notations in a triangle ABC, if r, = 2r, = 2r3 then (A) 4a = 3
b (B) 3a = 2b (C) 4b = 3a (D)2a = 3b Q. 111 The vertex ofa right angle of a rig
ht angled triangle lies on the straigh t line 2x + y - 10 = 0 and the two other
vertices, at points (2, -3) and (4,1) t hen the area of triangle in sq. units is
(A)7io ( (B)3
(C) 33 CD) 11 a 2 + b2 + c2 ^ A B C Q.l 12 In a AABC . sin~ siny sin~ simplifies

to v sinA' si nB sinC (A) 2A (B) A (C) (D) where A is the area of the triangle
(S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on St. line, sequen ce & progression,complex No. <j>-II
I, [13]
Q.l 13 GivenA = (1, 1) and AB is any line through it cutting the x-axis in B. If
AC is perpendicular to AR and meets the y-axis in C, then the equation of locus
of mid- point P of BC is (A) x + y =j 1 (B) x + y = 2 (C)x + y = 2xy (t>)2x + 2
y =l Q. 114 Area ofa triangle inscribed in a circle of radius 4 if the measures
of its angles are in the ratio 5 : 4 : 3 is (A) 4 (V3-V2) (B) 4(73 + 72) (C) 4(3
-7 5") (0)4(3 + 73) ^.l 15 ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC & BD intersect at
th e point M&satisfy BD = 2AC. Ifthe points D & M represent the complex numbers
1 + i and 2 - i respectively, then A represents the complex numbers are (A) w 1
(C) r 3 1 2 , v 1 (B) 3 + 1 , (D)none v 3. 1 2 , 3i 1 + i ). 116 The number of pos
sible straight lines. passing through (2,3) and forming a triangle with coordina
te axes, whose area is 12 sq. units, is (A) one (B) two (C) three (D)four elect t
he correct alternative : (More than one are correct) ). 117 All the points lying
inside the triangle formed by the points (1. 3), (5. 6) & (- 1.2) satisfy (A) 3
x + 2y > 0 (B) 2x + y + I > 0 (C) 2x + 3y - 12 > 0 (D) - 2x + 11 > 0 .). 118 Two
vertices ofthe AABC are at the points A(- 1. - 1) and B(4, 5) and the third ver
tex lines on the straight line y 5(x - 3). Ifthe area ofthe A is 19/2 then the p
ossible co-ordinates ofthe vertex C are: 1 (A) (5. 10) ..(B) (3.0) (C) (2,-5) (D
) (5.4) ) 119 Which ofthe following expressions are no t the trigonometric forms
ofany complex number? (A) - 3 cos 4 , < 1 sm-. 4 (B) 2 I V [ 7t 4 - ism 4 . .
71 (C) 2 sm .1 - -t 1 cos 3 7 1 2n (D) cos ~ + i sin '.120 If one vertex of an e

quilateral triangle of side 'a' lies at the origin an d the other lies on the li
ne x - 73 y ~ 0 then the co-ordinates ofthe third vert ex are : (A) (0, a) , x y
(B) ^73a v 2 a") 2y (C) (0, - a) x y x f 73j a a 1 ( D ) 9 ' 9 .121 II - t- - - 1 is a line through the intersection of + = 1 & + = 1 and the lengths ofthe c
c d a b b a perpendiculars drawn from the origin to these lines are equal in len
gths then (A) 4 V = V ^ "T a" b" c" d' 1 1 1 1 (C) - + - = - + a b e d (S? Bansa
l Classes a' (D) none b" c a" y Q. B. on St. line, sequence & progression,comple
x No. <j>-III, [14]
2 in 2 m' Q.l 22 ' The bisectors of angle between the st. lines. v-b= (x-a)& v b
= -^-(x-a)are I-nr " I - m'" (A) (y - b) (m + m') + (x - a) (1 - m m') = 0 (B) (y
- b) (m + m') - (x - a) (1 - m m') = 0 (C) (y - b) (1 - mm') + (x - a) (m + m '
) = 0 (D) (y - b) (1 - m m') - (x - a) (m + m') = 0 Q. 123 In the quadratic equ
ation x2 + (p + iq) x + 3i = 0. p & q are real. If the sum ofthe squares ofthe r
oots is 8 then : (A) p = 3. q = - 1 (B) p = 3. q = 1 (C) p = 43, q = - 1 (D)p 3
, q = l Q.l24 The x - co-ordinates of the vertices of a square of unit area ar
e the roots of the equation x2 - 3 | x | + 2 = 0 and the y - co-ordinates of the
vertices are the roots of the equation y2 - 3y + 2 = 0 then the possible vertic
es ofthe square is/are : (A) (1. 1). (2. 1). (2. 2). (1.2) (B) (-1. 1), (- 2. 1
) . (-2. 2). (-1. 2) (C) (2, 1), (1, - 1). (1. 2), (2, 2) (D) (-2, 1). (- 1,-1).
( - 1, 2|. (-2. 2) Q. 125 Consider the equation y - y, = m (x - x,). If m & x,
are fixedand different lines are drawn for different values of y,, then: (A) the
lin es will pass through afixedpoint (B) there will be a set of parallel lines
(C) a ll the lines intersect die line x = x, (D) all the lines will be parallel
to the line y = x,. I i 1 t ' i i I i I i (S? Bansal Classes Q. B. on St. line,
sequence & progression,complex No. <j>-III, [15]
[9ll 'Illrf 'N xsidwoD'uoissBjSojd y douanbds 'vui] 75" no 7/ () sdssoj^) jvsuvfj

lj Select the correct alternative : (Only one is correct) Q.l Q.6 Q.ll Q.16 Q.21
Q.26 Q.31 Q.3 6 Q.41 Q.46 Q.51 Q.56 Q.61 Q.66 Q.71 Q.76 Q .81 Q.8 6 Q.91 Q.% Q.
lOl Q. 106 Q.l 11 Q.ll 6 D A C B B 1) I) A C C C B A D c B I) A A 1) D A B C . Q
.2 C Q.7 D Q.12 D Q.17 A Q.22 1 A Q. 27 1D Q.3 2 B Q.3 7 (C Q.42 A' Q.47 C Q.52
D Q.57 C Q.62 D Q.67 B Q.72 A Q.77 C Q.82 B Q.87 A Q.92 B Q.97 B Q.l 02 D Q.l07
B Q.l 12 B Q.3 Q.8 Q.13 Q.18 Q.23 Q.28 Q.3 3 Q.3 8 Q.4 3 Q.48 Q.53 Q.5 8 Q.63 Q.
68 Q.73 Q.7 8 Q.8 3 Q.88 Q.9 3 Q.98 Q.l 03 Q.l 08 Q.l 13 A A B A B A C A B C A A
B B I) 1) 1) I1 1) A C B 1) A Q.4 Q.9 Q. 14 Q.19 Q.24 Q.29 Q.34 Q.3 9 Q.44 Q.49
Q.54 Q.59 Q.64 Q.6 9 Q.74 Q.79 Q.84 O 89 Q.94 Q.9 9 Q.l 04 Q.l 09 Q.l 14 I) I)
C C A 1) B B A C 1) D C 1) c A 1) 1) A I) B 1) 1) Q.5 B Q.10 C Q.15, A Q.20 B Q.
2 5 A Q.30 A Q35 C Q.40 A Q.45 A Q.50 A Q.55 C Q.6 0 B Q.65 B Q.70 C Q-75 B Q.80
A Q.8 5 A Q.90 C Q.9 5 A Q. 100 B Q.l 05 1) Q.l 10 "C Q.l 15 A Select the corre
ct alternative : (More than one are correct) Q.l 17 A. B. D Q.121 A. C Q.l25 B.C
Q.l 18 A, B Q.l22 A, D Q.l 19 A, B. C. D Q.l23 B.C Q.l20 A. B. C. D Q.l24 A. B
A3>l H3AVSNV
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IITJEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) APPLICATION OF DERIVATI
VE i KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISEIII KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXERCI
SE-II EXERCISE-III N P E X Page-2 Page -3 Page -5 Page -6 Page Page Page Page Pa
ge Page Page Page 1 -7 -8 10 -11 -13 -16 -18 -20 TANGENT & NORMAL : ! MONOTQNQCI
TY MAXIMA - MINIMA KEY CONCEPT EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III ANSWER KEY .
Page-22
TANGENT & NORMAL THINGS TO REMEMBER: I The value of the derivative at P (Xj, y{)
gives the slope of the tangent to the curve at P. Symbolically = Slope of tange
nt at iyi P(x1y1) = m(say). Jx n Equation of tangent at (x p y^ is; dy H I *iyi
Equation of normal at(x1,y1) is; dy dx x y ii (X-XJ). Length of I Subnormal NOTE
: 1. The point P (Xj, y,) will satisfy the equation of the curve & the equat ion
of tangent & normal line. 2. If the tangent at any point P on the curve is p ar
allel to the axis of x then dy/dx = 0 at the point P. If the tangent at any po i
nt on the curve is parallel to the axis of y, then dy/dx = oo or dx/dy=0. 3. If
the tangent at any point on the curve is equally inclined to both the axes then
dy/dx= 1. 4. If the tangent at any point makes equal intercept on the coordinate
axes then dy/dx=-1. 5. Tangent to a curve at the point P (Xj, y^ can be drawn e
ven through dy/dx at P does not exist, 6. e.g. x = 0 is a tangent to y = x2/3 at
(0,0). 7. If a curve passing through the origin be given by a rational integral
algebraic equation, the equation ofthe tangent (or tangents) at the origin is o
btained by equating to zero the terms ofthe lowest degree in the equation, e.g.
If the equation of a curve be x2 - y2 + x3 + 3 x2 y - y3 = 0, the tangents at t
h e origin are given by x2 - y2 = 0 i.e. x + y = 0 and x - y = 0. IV Angle of in
te rsection between two curves is defined as the angle between the 2 tangents dr
awn to the 2 curves at their point of intersection. If the angle between two cur
ves is 90 eveiy where then they are called ORTHOGONAL curves. yr ^ (a) Length of
the tangent (PT) = Vi+[fW ^ (b) Length of Subtangent (MT) = - p f(Xj) (c) Length
of Normal (FN) = y, ^l + [f'(x,)f VI DIFFERENTIALS: (d) Length of Subnormal (MN
) = y, f11 (x^ The differential of a function is equal to its derivative multipl
ied by the diff erential of the independent variable. Thus if, y=tan x then dy =
sec2 x dx. In g eneral dy = f ' (x) d x. Note that: d (c) = 0 where 'c' is a co
nstant. d(u + v w) = du + d v - d w d(uv) = udv + v d u Note 1. 2. For the indep
endent variable 'x', increment A x and differential d x are equal b ut this is n
ot the case with the dependent variable 'y' i.e. Ay * dy. dy The rel
ation dy = f' (x) d x can be written as = f1' (x); thus the quotient of the diff
erentials of'y' and 'x' is equal to the derivative of'y' w.r.t. 'x'. d x %Bansa
IClasses Application of Derivative [81
EXERCISE-III Q. 1 Q.2 Q. 3 Q. 4 Find the equations of the tangents drawn to the

curve y2 - 2x 3 - 4y + 8 = 0 from the point (1,2). Find the point of intersectio
n of the tange nts drawn to the curve x2y = 1 - y at the points where it is inte
rsected by the curve xy = 1 - y. Find all the lines that pass through the point
(1,1) and are t angent to the curve represented parametrically as x = 2t -1 2 an
d y - 1 +12. In the curve xayb=Ka+b, prove that the portion of the tangent inter
cepted between t he coordinate axes is divided at its point of contact into segm
ents which are in a constant ratio. (All the constants being positive). A straig
ht line is drawn through the origin and parallel to the tangent to a curve 2 2 Q.
5 { r a + â2 - y 2 = In at an arbitary point M. Show that the locus of the poin
t P of intersection of the straight line through the origin & the straight line
paralle l to the x-axis & passing through the point M is x2 + y2 = a2. Q. 6 n a
a + Va x2 r-z Prove that the segment of the tangent to the curve y=~ In < 0 ~ V
a - x contained between 2 a - V a - x2 the y-axis & the point of tangency has a
consta nt length. Q. 7 A function is defined parametrically by the equations - _
sint 2 if t * 0 t f(t) = x = 1 0 if t = 0 "*m>m o if t = 0 Find the equation of t
he tang ent and normal at the point for t = 0 if exist. Find all the tangents to
the cur ve y = cos (x + y), - 2n < x < 2n, that are parallel to the line x + 2y
= 0. (a) (b) Find the value of n so that the subnormal at any point on the curv
e xy n =a " +1 may be constant, Show that in the curve y=a. In (x2 - a2), sum of
the lengt h of tangent & subtangent varies as the product of the coordinates of
the point of contact. 2t +12 sin. 1 ift*0 " 1 Q. 8 Q. 9 Q. 10 Prove that the seg
ment of the normal to the curve x = 2a sin t + a sin t c os 2 t; y = - a cos3t c
ontained between the co-ordinate axes is equal to 2a. Q.l l Show that the normal
s to the curve x = a(cost + t sin t) ; y = a(sint-t cost) arctangent linesto the
circle x2 + y2 = a2. Q. 12 The chord of the parabola y = - a2x2 + 5 ax - 4 touc
hes the curve y= at the point x = 2 and is 1x bisected by that point. Find 'a'. Q.
13 If the tangent at t he point (xl5 y,) to the curve x3 + y3 = a3 (a * 0) meets
the curve again in (x2 , y2) then x v showthat+ = - 1 . x i yi Q. 1'4 Determine a
differentiable function y=f (x) which satisfies f 1 (x) = [f( x)]2 and f(0)=- .
Find also the equation of the tangent at the point where the cu rve crosses the
y-axis. (!Bansal Classes Application of Derivative [20J
Q. 15 If Pj & p2 be the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin on the tan
gent & normal respectively at any ypoint v Jy) on a curve, then show that (x, J
J . ', p 2 =|xcos F + ysin v F| p^lxsinT-ycos^l v ,T, dy where tan = . If in th
e dx above case, the curve be x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 then show that: 4 p } 2 + p22 =
a2. Q. 16 The curve y=ax 3 + bx 2 +cx + 5, touches the x - axis at P ( - 2,0) &
cuts the y-axis at a point Q where its gradient is 3. Find a, b, c. Q. 17 The t
angen t at a variable point P ofthe curve y=x 2 - x3 meets it again at Q. Show t
hat th e locus of the middle point of PQ is y = 1 - 9x + 28x2 - 28x3. Q.18 Show
that th e distance from the origin of the normal at any point of the curve x = a
e e sin+ 2cos &y = ae e c o s 2 sin is twice the distance of the tangent at the poi
nt 2 2. 2 2 from the origin. Q. 19 Show that the condition that the curves x273
+ y2/3 = c2/3 & (x2/a2) + (y2/b2) = 1 may touch if c = a + b. Q.20 The graph of
a certai n function/contains the point (0,2) and has the property that for each
number 'p ' the line tangent to y = / (x) at (p, /(p)) intersect the x-axis at p
+ 2. Find /(x). Q.21 A curve is given by the equations x = at2 & y = at3. A var
iable pair of perpendicular lines through the origin 'O' meet the curve at P & Q
. Show that the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at P & Q is 4
y2 = 3ax a2. 2 x2 y = Q.22(a) Show that the curves ~2TT + T i a +Kj b +Kj 2 2 X v
0 9 0 0 " 1& x2 + y2 = ~ i 1 1 intersect orthogonally. a + K2 b + &2 2 x v2 (b)
Find the condition that the curves + = 1 & - + = 1 may cut orthogonally. a b a b
Q.23 Show that the angle between the tangent at any point A' of the curve /n (x
2 + y2) = C tan 1x and the x line joining A to the origin is independent of t he
position ofAon the curve. Q.24 For the curve x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3, show that | z
| + 3p2 = a2 where z = x + i y & p is the length of the perpendicular from (0, 0
) to the tangent at (x, y) on the curve. Q.25 Aand B are points of the parabola
y=x2. The tangents at Aand B meet at C. The median of the triangle ABC from C ha
s length'm' units. Find the area of the triangle in terms of'm'. i i 2 %BansaIC
lasses Application of Derivative [81
EXERCISE-II Q. 1 Q. 2 RATE MEASURE AND APPROXIMATIONS Water is being poured on t

o a cylindri cal vessel at the rate of 1 m3/min. If the vessel has a circular ba
se of radius 3 m, find the rate at which the level of water is rising in the ves
sel. A man 1. 5 m tall walks awayfroma lamp post 4.5 m high at the rate of 4 km/
hr. (i) how fa st is the farther end of the shadow moving on the pavement ? (ii)
how fast is hi s shadow lengthening ? A particle moves along the curve 6 y=x 3
+ 2. Find the po ints on the curve at which the y coordinate is changing 8 times
as fast as the x coordinate. An inverted cone has a depth of 10 cm & a base of
radius 5 cm. Wate r is poured into it at the rate of 1.5 cm3/min. Find the rate
at which level of water in the cone is rising, when the depth of water is 4 cm.
A water tank has t he shape of a right circular cone with its vertex down. Its a
ltitude is 10 cm an d the radius of the base is 15 cm. Water leaks out of the bo
ttom at a constant r ate of leu. cm/sec. Water is poured into the tank at a cons
tant rate of C cu. cm /sec. Compute C so that the water level will be rising at
the rate of 4 cm/sec a t the instant when the water is 2 cm deep. Sand is pourin
gfroma pipe at the rate of 12 cc/sec. The falling sand forms a cone on the groun
d in such a way that th e height of the cone is always l/6th of the radius of th
e base. How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4
cm. An open Can of oil i s accidently dropped into a lake; assume the oil spread
s over the surface as a c ircular disc ofuniform thickness whose radius increase
s steadily at the rate of 10 cm/sec. At the moment when the radius is 1 meter, t
he thickness of the oil sl ick is decreasing at the rate of 4 mm/sec, how fast i
s it decreasing when the ra dius is 2 meters. Water is dripping outfroma conical
funnel of semi vertical ang le TC/4, at the uniform rate of 2 cm3/sec through a
tiny hole at the vertex at t he bottom. When the slant height of the water is 4
cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant height of the water. An air force pl
ane is ascending vertically at the rate of 100 km/h. If the radius of the earth
is R Km, how fast the area of the earth, visiblefromthe plane increasing at 3min
after it started ascending. T ake visible a r e a A = Where h is the height of
the plane in kms above the eart h. R+h Q. 10 A variable A ABC in the xy plane ha
s its orthocentre at vertex 'B', a fixed vertex 'A' at the origin and the 7x2 th
ird vertex 'C' restricted to lie on the parabola y = H. The point B starts at the
point (0,1) at time 36 t = 0 and moves upward along the y axis at a constant vel
ocity of 2 cm/sec. How fast is t he area of the triangle increasing when t = ^ s
ec. Q. 11 A circular ink blot gro ws at the rate of 2 cm2 per second. Find the r
ate at which the radius is increas ing 6 22 after 2 seconds. Use it =. 11 7 Q. 3
Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q. 8 Q. 9 % Bans aIClasses Application of Derivative [81
Q. 12 Water is flowing out at the rate of 6 m3/minfroma reservoir shaped like a

hemispherical bowl of radius % 2 R = 13 m. The volume of water in the hemispheri
cal bowl is given by V = (3R - y) when the (a) (b) water is y meter deep. Find
A t what rate is the water level changing when the water is 8 m deep. At what ra
te is the radius of the water surface changing when the water is 8 m deep. Q. 13
If in a triangle ABC, the side 'c' and the angle 'C' remain constant, whil e th
e remaining elements are changed slightly, show that cos A ^ = 0. cosB Q. 14 At
time t > 0, the volume of a sphere is increasing at a rate proportional to the r
eciprocal of its radius. At t = 0, the radius of the sphere is 1 unit a nd at t=
15 the radius is 2 units. (a) Find the radius of the sphere as a functi on of t
imet. (b) At what time t will the volume of the sphere be 27 times its vo lume a
t t = 0. Q. 15 Use differentials to a approximate the values of; (a)\25.2 and(b)
V26. EXERCISED! Q. 1 Q.2 Find the acute angles between the curves y = | x 2 -11
and y = | x2 - 3 ! at their point of intersection. [REE '98,6] Find the eq uati
on of the straight line which is tangent at one point and normal at another poin
t of the curve, x 3t 2 , y 2t3. [ REE 2000 (Mains) 5 out of 100 ] 3tt Q. 3 I f t
he normal to the curve, y=f(x) at the point (3,4) makes an angle with the pos it
ive x-axis. Then f'(3) (A)-l (B)-| (C)j (D)l [JEE 2000 (Scr.) 1 out of 35 ] Q. 4
The point(s) on the curve y3 + 3x2 = 12y where the tangent is vertical, is(are
) c 4 f A \ ' T ^ T 4 (A) 2) (B) { ^ J , l j (C) (0,0) (D) . 2J [JEE 2002 (Scr.)
, 3] Q.5 Tangent to the curve y=x 2 + 6 at a point P (1,7) touches the circle x
2 + y2 + 16x+ 12y+c = 0atapoint Q. Then the coordinates of Q are (A) (-6,-11) (B
) (-9,-13) (C) ( - 10, - 15) (D)(-6,-7) [JEE 2005 (Scr.), 3] % BansaIClasses App
lication of Derivative [81
MONOTONOCITY (Significance of the sign of thefirstorder derivative) DEFINITIONS:

1. A functio n f (x) is called an Increasing Function at a point x=a if in a su
fficiently sma ll neighbourhood around x=a we have f (a + h) f (a - h) f (a + h)
f(a-h) > f (a) and < f (a) < f (a) and > f (a) increasing; | decreasing. Simila
rly decreasing if 2. disregards whether f is non derivable or even discontinuous
at x = a 3. 4. A differentiable function is called increasing in an interval (a
, b) if it is in creasing at every point within the interval (but not necessaril
y at the end poin ts). A function decreasing in an interval (a, b) is similarly
defined. A functio n which in a given interval is increasing or decreasing is ca
lled "Monotonic" in that interval. Tests for increasing and decreasing of a func
tion at a point: If the derivative f'(x) is positive at a point x = a, then the
function f (x) at t his point is increasing. If it is negative, then the functio
n is decreasing. Eve n if f (a) is not defined, f can still be increasing or dec
reasing. f'<0 f'<0 c decreasing at x = c O 0 increasing at x = 0 Note : If f'(a)
= 0, then for x = athe function may be still increasing or it ma y be decreasin
g as shown. It has to be identified by a seperate rule. e.g. f (x) = x3 is incre
asing at every point. Note that, dy/dx = 3 x2. yt / N J'<0 f'(a)=0 f'(a)=0 sf'<0
f> 1 f'>0 '0 x=a O 5. O x=a x Tests for Increasing & Decreasing of a function in a
n interval: SUFFICIENCY TEST : If the derivative function f'(x) in an interval (
a, b) is every where positiv e, then the function f(x) in this interval is Incre
asing; If f'(x) is every wher e negative, then f (x) is Decreasing. General Note
: (1) If a function is invertible it has to be either increasing or decreasing.
If a function is continuous the intervals in which it rises and fall
s may be separated by points at which its (2) derivative fails to exist. If f is

increasing in [a, b] and is continuous then f (b) is the greatest and f (c) is
the least value of f in [a, (3) b]. Similarly if f is decreasing in [a, b] then
f (a) is the greatest value and f (b) is the least value. 6. (a) (i) 00 (iii) RO
LLE'S THEOREM: Let f(x) be a function of x subject to the following conditions :
f(x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval of a < x < b. f' (x)
exists for every point in the open interval a < x < b. f(a) = f(b). Then there e
xists at least one point x = c such that a < c < b where f' (c) = 0. Note that i
f f is not continuous in closed [a, b] then it may lead to the adjacent graph w
here all the 3 conditions of Rolles will be valid but the assertion will not be
true in (a, b). Application of Derivative % BansaIClasses [81
(b) (i) (ii) (iii) LMVT THEOREM: Let f(x) be a function of x subject to the foll
owing conditions: f (x) is a continuous function of x in the closed interval of
a < x < b. f' (x) ex ists for every point in the open interval a < x < b, f(a)*f
(b). '^ b- a Geometrica lly, the slope of the secant line joining the curve at x =
a & x = b is equal to the slope of the tangent line drawn to the curve atx = c.
Note the following: T hen there exists at least one point x = c such that a < c
< b where f' (c) = "a. Rolles theorem is a special case of LMVT since b- a Note
: Now [f (b) - f (a)] is the change in the function f as x changes fro m a to b
so that [f (b) - f (a)] / (b - a) is the average rate ofchange of the f unction
over the interval [a, b]. Also f'(c) is the actual rate of change of the functi
on for x = c. Thus, the theorem states that the average rate of change of a func
tion over an interval is also the actual rate of change ofthe function at some p
oint of the interval. In particular, for instance, the average velocity o f a pa
rticle over an interval of time is equal to the velocity at some instant b elong
ing to the interval. This interpretation of the theorem justifies the name "Mean
Value" for the theorem. (c) APPLICATION O F ROLLES THEOREM FOR ISOLATING T H E
R E A L ROOTS O F A N EQU ATION f ( x ) = 0 (i) (ii) (iii) Suppose a & b are two
real numbers such that; f(x) & its first derivative f' (x) are continuous for a
< x < b. f(a) & f(b) have opposite signs. f' (x) is differ ent from zero for al
l values of x between a & b. Then there is one & only one re al root of the equa
tion f(x) = 0 between a & b. EXER CISE-I Q. 1 Find the intervals ofmonotonocity
for the following functions & represent y our solution set on the number line. (
a) f(x) = 2. e x2 "4x (b) f(x) = ex/x Also plot the graphs in each case. Q.2 Q.
3 Q.4 (c) f(x) = x2 e~x (d) f (x) = 2x2 In \ x | Find the intervals in which f (
x) = cosx-;, cos3x is a decreasing function. Find the intervals of monotonocity
ofthe function (a) f(x) = sinx-cosx inx e[0,27i] (b) 1 g(x) = 2 sinx + cos2x in(
0<x<27t). Show that, x3 - 3x2 - 9 x + 20 is positive for all values of x > 4. r
max{f(t):0 <t<x} ,0<x<l ,1 < x < 2 Q.5 Let f (x) = x - x + x + 1 and g(x) = 3 2
3-x Discuss the conti. & differentiability of g(x) in the interval (0,2). Q.6, ^
Find the set of all values of the parameter 'a' forwhich the function, f(x) = s
i
n 2x - 8(a +1 )sin x + (4a2 + 8a -14)x increases for all x e R and has no critic
al points for all x e R. Application of Derivative % Bans aI Classes [81
Q.7 Find the greatest & the least values of the following functions in the given
int erval ifthey exist. (a)/(x) = sin 1 V + * l / - / n x i n 2 (b) y = xx in (0,
oo) (c) y = x5 - 5x4+ 5x3 +1 in [-1,2] o b A> r J \ V\ Q.8 Find the values of'a'
for which the function f(x)=sinx - a sin2x - sin3x+2ax inc reases throughout th
e number line. e Prove that f (x) = j(9cos 2 (2/nt)-25cos(2/ nt) + 17)dt is alwa
ys an increasing function of x,VxeR Q.9 Q.IO Iff(x) = V-0 y x3 + (a -1) x2 + 2x
+1 is monotonic increasing for every x e R then find the ran ge of \ values of'a
'. Q. 11 Find the set of values of 'a' for which the function, f(x) = { V 2 1 4a - a2 a+1 x3 + 5x + V7 is increasing at every point of its domain. Q.12 Find t
he intervals in which the function f (x) = 3 cos4 x + 10 cos3 x + 6 c os2 x - 3
, 0 < x < 7 i ; i s monotonically increasing or decreasing. Q.13 Find the range
of values of'a'for which the function f(x)=x 3 + (2a+3)x2 + 3(2a+ l)x+ 5 is mono
tonic in R. Hence find the set of values of'a' for which f (x) in inver tible. Q
.14 Find the value of x> 1 for which the function crn O F(x)- J f-/n I / ^ 2 ^ t
I 32 J dt is increasing and decreasing. 1 Q.15 \
Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which the function; f(x) = Sax - a
sin 6x - 7x - sin 5x increases & has no critical points for all x R. Q.16 Iff(x)
= 2ex - ae~x+(2a +1 )x - 3 monotonically increases for every x e R t hen find t
he range of values x2 - 9 and comment upon the following --x+x+3 x1 Q.17 Construc
t the graph of the function f (x) = (a) Range ofthe function, (b) Intervals of m
onotonocity, (c) Point(s) where f is continuous but not dififrentiable, (d) Poin
t(s) where f fails to be continuous and nature of discontinuity. (e) Gradient of
the curve where f crosses the axis of y. Q.18 Prove that, x2 - 1 > 2x In x > 4(
x - 1 ) - 2 In x for x > 1. , * f 3n } ) CUP Q.19 Prove that tan2x + 6 In secx +
2cos x + 4 > 6 sec x for x e , 2 n \ . ' ~ * U' J Y^tesU^Q.20 If ax2 + (b/x) >
c for all positive x where a > 0 & b > 0 then show that 27ab2 > 4c3. fa^ Q.21 fr
'\ :: . >1 If 0 < x < 1 prove that y = x In x - (x2/2) + (1/2) is a function su
ch that d2y/ dx2 > 0. Deduce that x/nx>(x 2 /2)-(l/2). Application of Derivative
* 0 4Bansal Classes [9]
Q.22 Prove that 0 < x. sirix - (1/2) sin2x < (1/2) (71 - 1 ) for 0 < x < tc/2. Q
.23 Show that x2 > (1 + x) [/n(l + x)]2 Vx>0. Q.24 Find the setofvalues of x fo
r which the inequality /n(l +x)> x/(l +x) is valid. Q.2^ If b> a,findthe minimum
value of |(x-a) 3 |+ | ( x - b ) 3 | , x R. EXERCISE-II Q. 1 .2 Q.3 Q. 4 Verify
Rolles throrem for f(x) = (x - a)m (x - b)n on [a, b]; m , n being positive int
eger. Let f: [a, b] R be continuous on [a, b] and differen tiable on (a, b). Iff
(a) < f (b), then show that f ' (c) > 0 for some c e (a, b ). Let f (x) = 4x3 3x2 - 2x +1, use Rolle's theorem to prove that there exist c, 0< c <1 such that
f(c) = 0. Using LMVT prove that: (a) tan x > x in V i sin x < x for x > 0 Q.5 P
rove that if / i s differentiable on [a, b] and if f (a) = f (b) = 0 then f or a
ny real a there is an x e (a, b) X ^ N such that a f ( x ) + f'(x).= 0. 3 x= 0 r
2 +3x + a 0 < x < l Q.6 For what value of a, m and b does the function f (x) =
L - x mx+b l<x<2 satisfy the hypothesis of the mean value theorem for the int er
val [0,2]. Suppose that on the interval [-2,4] the function/is differentiable, /
(-2) = 1 and \f (x) | < 5. Find the bounding functions offon [-2,4], using LMVT
. Q.8 Q.9 Let f, g be differentiable on R and suppose that f(0) = g (0) and f '
(x) < g' (x) for all x > 0. Show that f (x) < g (x) for all x > 0. Let f be cont
inuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). If f (a) = a and f (b) = b. show
that there exist distinct c p c2 in (a, b) such that f ' (Cj) + f'(c 2 ) = 2. Q
. 10. Let f (x) and g (x) be differentiable functions such that f' (x) g (x) * f
(x) g' (x) for any real x. Showthat between any two real solutions of f (x) = 0
, there is at least one real solution of g (x) = 0. Q. 11 Let f defined on [0,1
] be a twice differentiable function such that, | f" (x) | < 1 for all x e [0,1
] If f (0) = f (1), then showthat, | f' (x) | < 1 for all x e [0,1] Q. 12 f (x)
and g (x) are differentiable functions for 0 < x < 2 such that f (0) = 5, g (0)
= 0, f (2) = 8, g (2) = 1. Show that there exists a number c satisfying 0 < c <
2 and f ' (c) - 3 g' (c). Q.13 If f, <> i|/ are continuous in [a, b] and deriva
ble in ]a, b[ then show that there is a value of c lying between J, a&b such tha
t, f(a) f(b) <j>(a) b) (a) (b) f'(c) *'(c) = 0 ^'(c) Q.14 Show that exactly two re
al values of x satisfy the equation x 2 =x sinx + c os x. Q.15 Let a > 0 and/ be
continuous in [-a, a]. Suppose that / (x) exists a n d / (x) < 1 for all x (-a,
a). If /(a) = a and/(- a) = - a, show that f (0) = 0. Q. 16 Let a, b, c be thre
e real number such that a (c - a) f (b) % Bans aIClas ses Application of Deriva
tive [81
Q.17 Use the mean value theorem to prove, X1 </nx<x-l, Vx>l X Q.18 Use mean value
theorem to evaluate, Lhn (Vx + l -Vx)_ Q.19 Using L.M. V.T. or otherwise1 prove
that difference of square root of two consecutive natural nu mbers greater than
N2 is less than . Q.20 Prove the inequality ex > (1 + x) usin g LMVT for all x
e Rq and use it to determine which of the two numbers e" and ne is greater. EXER
CISE-III Q.l Letf(x) = increasing. Q.2 Iff(x)= X x* e x<0 , , ' ; where 'a' is a
positive constant. Find the interval in which f' (x) is x+ a - x , x> 0 x [ JEE
'96,3 ] &g(x)= X 3 sin x tan x , where 0 < x < 1, then in this interval: Q.3 (A
) both f(x) & g (x) are increasing functions (B) both f(x) & g (x) are decreas i
ng functions (C) f (x) is an increasing function (D) g (x) is an increasing fun
ction [ JEE '97 (Scr), 2 ] dg Let a+b = 4, where a < 2 and let g (x) be a differ
entiable function. If > 0 for all x, prove that dx a o j g(x) dx + J g(x) dx in
creases as (b - a) increases. b o [JEE '97,5] Q.4(a) Let h(x) = f(x) - (f(x))2 +
(f(x))3 for every real number x. Then: (A) h is increasing whenever f is increa
sing (B) h is increasing whenever f is decreas ing (C) h is decreasing whenever
f is decreasing (D) nothing can be said in gene ral. x2- 1 (b) f(x) = r, for every
real number x, then the minimum value of f: x + 1 (A) does not exist because f
is unbounded (B) is not attained even though f is bounded (C) is equal to 1 (D)
is equal to - 1 . [JEE '98,2 + 2 ] Q.5(a) Foralfx e (0,1): (A) ex < 1 + x (B) lo
ge(l +x)<x (C) sinx>x (D)log e x>x (b) Consider t he following statements S and
R: S : Both sin x & cos x are decreasing functions in the interval (n/2, n). R:
If a differentiable function decreases in an inter val (a, b), then its derivati
ve also decreases in (a, b). Which of the following is true ? (A) both S and R a
re wrong (B) both S and R are correct, but R is not
the correct explanation for S (C) S is correct and R

for S (D) S is correct and R is wrong. (c) Let f (x)
then f decreases in the interval: (A) ( - oo, 2) (B)
) (2, + oo) [JEE 2000 (Scr.) 1+1+1 out of 35] % Bans
rivative [81
is the correct explanation

= J ex (x - 1) (x - 2) d x
( - 2 , - 1 ) (C) (1,2) (D
aIClasses Application of De
Q.6(a) If /(x) = xex(1 ~x), then f(x) is ( (A) increasing on M ~ >l J (B) decrea
sing on R 4 ' (C) increasing on R (D) decreasing on 3 (b) Let - 1 < p < 1. Show
that the equat ion 4x - 3x - p = 0 has a unique root in the interval identify*.
Q.7 [ JEE 2001, 1 + 5 ] and The length of a longest interval in which the functi
on 3 sinx - 4sin3x is increa sing, is 7t 7 X 3C T (A) (B) (C)y '(D) n (D) 7i [JE
E 2002 (Screening), 3] Q.8(a) Using the relation 2(1 - cosx) < x 2 , x ^ 0 or ot
herwise, prove that sin (tanx) > x, V x 0'i (b) Let f: [0,4] - R be a differentiab
le function. (i) Show t hat there exist a, b [0,4], (f (4))2 - (f (0))2 = 8 f'(a
) f (b) (ii) Show that t here exist a, P with 0 < a 0 0, x=0 . Rolle's theorem is applicable to f for x e [0,1], if
a = (A)-2 (B)-l T. (C)0 (D)1 f(x2)-f(x) . (b) If/is a strictly increasing funct
ion, then Lim i s equal to (A) 0 101 (B) 1 100 (C)-l (D)2 [JEE 2004 (Scr)] Q.10
If p (x) = 5 lx - 2323x - 45x +1035, using Rolle's theorem, prove that at l east
one root of p(x) lies between (451/100,46). [JEE 2004,2 out of 60] Q. 11 (a ) I
f/(x) is a twice differentiable function and given that f(l) = 1, f(2) = 4, f (3
) = 9, then (A) f" (x) = 2, for V x e (1, 3) (B) f" (x) = f ' (x) = 2, for som e
x e (2, 3) (C) f" (x) = 3, for V x (2, 3) (D) f" (x) = 2, for some x e (1,3) [
JEE 2005 (Scr), 3] (b) f (x) is differentiable function and g (x) is a double di
fferentiable function such that | f (x) | < 1 and f '(x) = g (x). IffÔ) +g2(0)
= 9. Prove that there exists some c e (-3,3) such that g (c) g"(c)<0. [JEE 2005
(Mains), 6] ^Bansal Classes Application of Derivative [12]
MAXIMA - MINIMA FUNCTIONS OF A SINGLE VARIABLE HOW MAXIMA & MINIMA ARE CLASSIFIE
D 1. relative maximum A function f(x) is said to have a maximum absolute maximum
No g reater value of f. No greater value of f. at x = a if f(a) is greater than
every other near by relative maximum Also a relative maximum No greater value o
f f. v alue assumed by f(x) in the immediate A nearby y=f(x) neighbourhood of x=
a. Symb olically f(a) > f(a + h) >x=a gives maxima for f(a) > f(a-h) relative mi
nimum R No smaller value of f. a sufficiently small positive h. near by absolute
minimum Similarly, a function f(x) is said to have a No smaller value of f. Als
o a rela tive minimum minimum value at x=b if f(b) is least than every other val
ue assume d by f(x) in the immediate x=a x=b neighbourhood at x=b. Symbolically
if x=b gives minima for a sufficiently small positive h. p/1 \ C f1 1N i f(b) <
f(b -h) Note that: (i) the maximum & minimum values of a function are also known
as local/relative maxima or local/relative minima as these are the greatest & l
east values ofthe function relative to some neighbourhood of the point in questi
on. the term 'externum' or (extremal) or 'turning value' is used both for maximu
m or a minimum value, (ii) a maximum (minimum) value of a function may not be th
e gr eatest (least) value in a finite interval, (iii) (iv) a function can have s
evera l maximum & minimum values & a minimum value may even be greater than a ma
ximum value. maximum & minimum values of a continuous function occur alternately
& bet ween two consecutive (v) maximum values there is a minimum value & vice v
ersa. w f(b) < f(b + h) (0 (ii) (iii) (iv) A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM & M
INIMUM : If f(x) is a maximum or minimum at x = c & iff' (c) exists then f' (c)
= 0. Note : The set of values of x for whic h f' (x) = 0 are often called as sta
tionary points or critical points. The rate of change of function is zero at a s
tationary point. In case f' (c) does not exi st f(c) may be a maximum or a minim
um & in this case left hand and right hand de rivatives are of opposite signs. T
he greatest (global maxima) and the least (glo bal minima) values of a function
fin an interval [a, b] are f(a) or f(b) or are given by the values of x for whic
h f' (x) = 0. dy Critical points are those wher e = 0, if it exists, or it fails
to exist either by virtue of a vertical tangent dx or by virtue of a geometrica
l sharp corner but not because of discontinuity of function. SUFFICIENT CONDITIO
N FOR EXTREME VALUES : f'(c-h) > 0 => x - c is a point of local maxima, where f'
(c)=0. h is a sufficie ntly f'(c+h) < 0 small positive . f'(c-h) < 0 x - c i s
aFpoint of local minima, where f'(c) = 0. quantity Similarly v f'(c+h) > 0_ ' No
te : Iff' (x) does not c hange sign i.e. has the same sign in a certain complete
neighbourhood of c, then f(x) is either strictly increasing or decreasing throu
ghout this neighbourhood implying that f(c) is not an extreme value of f. % Bans
aIClasses Application of Derivative [81
4. (a) (b) 5. USE OF SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE IN ASCERTAINING THE MAXIMA OR MINIM
A: f(c) is a m inimum value of the function f, if f' (c) = 0 & f" (c) > 0. f(c)
is a maximum va lue of the function f, f' (c) = 0 & f" (c) < 0. Note : iff" (c)
= 0 then the tes t fails. Revert back to thefirstorder derivative check for asce
rtaning the maxim a or minima. SUMMARY-WORKING FIRST: RULE: When possible, draw
a figure to illustrate the problem & label those parts that are important in the
problem. Constants & variables should be clearly distinguis hed. SECOND: Write
an equation for the quantity that is to be maximised or minimised. If this quant
ity is denoted by 'y', it must be expressed in terms of a single independe nt va
riable x. his may require some algebraic manipulations. THIRD: If y = f (x) is a
quantity to be maximum or minimum, find those values of x for which dy/dx = f'(
x) = 0. FOURTH: Test each values of x for which f'(x) = 0 to determine whether i
t provides a max imum or minimum or neither. The usual tests are: (a) If dVdx 2
is positive when dy/dx = 0 => y is minimum. If dVdx 2 is negative when dy/dx = 0
=>yis maximum. If d^/dx 2 = 0 when dy/dx = 0, the test fails. (b) If is zero dx n
egative dy positive for for x < x0 for x = xn x > x0 a maximum occurs at x = xQ.
But if dy/dx changes signfromnegative to zero to positive as x advances through
x0 there is a minimum. If dy/dx does not change sign, neither a maximum nor a m
i nimum. Such points are called INFLECTION POINTS. FIFTH: If the function y = f
(x) is defined for only a limited range of values a < x < b then examine x = a&
x = b for possible extreme values. SIXTH: Ifthe derivative fails to exist at som
e point, examine this point as possible ma ximum or minimum. Important Note: Giv
en a fixed point A(xl5 yt) and a moving poi nt P(x, f (x)) on the curve y=f(x).
Then AP will be maximum or minimum if it is normal to the curve at P. If the sum
of two positive numbers x and y is constant than their product is maximum ifthe
y are equal,i.e. x + y = c , x > 0 , y > 0 , t h e n xy= ^ [(x + y ) 2 - ( x - y
) 2 ] 6. If the product of two positive numbers is constant then their sum is l
east if th ey are equal, i.e. (x + y)2 = ( x - y)2 + 4xy REMEMBER: USEFUL FORMUL
AE OF MENSURATION TO riP Volume of a cuboid = /bh. Surface area of a cuboid = 2
(7b+bh+h/). Volume of a p
rism = area of the base x height. Lateral surface of a prism=perimeter of the ba

se x height. Total surface of a prism = lateral surface + 2 area of the base (N
o te that lateral surfaces of a prism are all rectangles). Application of Deriva
ti ve %BansaIClasses [81
Volume of a pyramid=- area of the base x height. Curved surface of a pyramid=- (

perimeter of the base) x slant height. (Note that slant surfaces of a pyramid a
r e triangles). <= 3 Volume of a c o n e = i A . 3 Curved surface of a cylinder
= 2 it rh. Total surface of a cylinder = 2 it rh + 2 it r2. crVolume of a sphere
= tci3. Surface area of a sphere = 4 tt r2. Area of a circular s e c t o r r 2 8
, when 0 is in radians. 2 7. SIGNIFICANCE O F T H E SIGN O F 2 N D ORDER DERIVAT
IVE A N D POINTS O F INFLE CTION : nd The sign of the 2 order derivative determi
nes the concavity of the curve. Such p oints such as C & E on the graph where th
e concavity of the curve changes are ca lled the points of inflection. From the
graph wefindthat if: (i) d V dx 2 >0 => concave upwards (ii) d2y 7 < 0 => concave
downwards, dx d2y At the point of inflection wefindthat y = 0 & dx dx d changes
sign. V 2 d2y Inflection points can also occur if-y fails to exist. For example,
consider t he graph of the function dx defined as, for x e ( - oo, 1) f ( x ) =
[ 2 - x2 fo r x e (1, oo) Note that the graph exhibits two critical points one i
s a point of local maximum & the other a point of inflection. ,3/5 V A \2-x2 V2
" 1 faBansal Classes Application of Derivative [15]
EXERCISE-III Q.l A cubic f(x) vanishes at x = - 2 & has relative minimum/maximum

at x = - l a nd l If Jf (x) -l Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 find 3 the cubic/(x). X Investigate
for maxima & minima for the function, f(x)= j [2 (t 1) (t - 2)3 + 3 (t - l) 2 (t
- 2)2] dt i Find the maximum & minimum value for the function; (a) y = x + sin2
x, 0 < x < 2 7 i (b) y = 2 c o s 2 x - cos4x, 0 <x <7t Suppose f(x) is real valu
ed polynomial function of degree 6 satisfying the following conditions; (a) f ha
s minimum val ue at x = 0 and 2 (b) f has maximum value at x = 1 f(x) x (c) for
all x, Limit I / n 0 X 1 i 0 ! Q 1 i = 2. Determine f(x). Q. 5 Q. 6 Q. 7 Find th
e maximum perimeter of a triangle on a giv en base4 a' and having the given vert
ical angle a. The length of three sides of a trapezium are equal, each being 10
cms. Find the maximum area of such a trapez ium. The plan view of a swimming poo
l consists of a semicircle ofradius r attach ed to a rectangle of length '2^ and
width's'. If the surface area A of the pool isfixed,for what value of'r' and V
the perimeter 'P! of the pool is minimum. For a given curved surface of a right
circular cone when the volume is maximum, pro ve that the semi vertical angle is
sin-1 Q.9 . 6 2~77 >findthe equations of the tangent lines of x +5 Q. 8 V 3 Of
all the lines tangent to the graph of the curve y minimum and maximum slope. Q.I
O A statue 4 metres high sits on a column 5.6 metres high. How farfromthe col um
n must a man, whose eye level is 1.6 metresfromthe ground, stand in order to h a
ve the most favourable view of statue. Q. 11 By the post office regulations, th
e combined length & girth of a parcel must not exceed 3 metre. Find the volume o
fthe biggest cylindrical (right circular) packet that can be sent by the parcel
post. Q. 12 A running track of440ft.is to be laid out enclosing a footballfield
, the shape of which is a rectangle with semi circle at each end. Ifthe area oft
he
rectangular portion is to be maximum,findthe length of its sides. Use : n . 22 (

!Bansal Classes Application of Derivative [20J
Q.13 A window of fixed perimeter (including the base of the arch) is in the form
of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. The semicircular portion is fitted w
ith coloured glass while the rectangular part isfittedwith clean glass. The cle
a r glass transmits three times as much light per square meter as the coloured g
la ss does. What is the ratio of the sides of the rectangle so that the window t
ran smits the maximum light? Q.14 A closed rectangular box with a square base is
to be made to contain 1000 cubic feet. The cost of the material per square foot
for the bottom is 15 paise, for the top 25 paise and for the sides 20 paise. Th
e la bour charges for making the box are Rs. 3/-. Find the dimensions of the box
when the cost is minimum. Q.15 Find the area of the largest rectangle with lowe
r bas e on the x-axis & upper vertices on the curve y = 12-x 2 . Q.16 A trapeziu
m ABCD is inscribed into a semicircle of radius / so that the base AD of the tra
pezium is a diameter and the vertices B & C lie on the circumference. Find the b
ase an gle 0 of the trapezium ABCD which has the greatest perimeter. 3X. 4" b Q.
l? If y = has a turning value at (2,-1) find a & b and show that the turning value is
a maximum Q.18 Prove that among all triangles with a given perimeter, the equil
ate ral triangle has the maximum area. Q.19 A sheet of poster has its area 18 m2
. Th e margin at the top & bottom are 75 cms and at the sides 50 cms. What are t
he di mensions of the poster if the area of the printed space is maximum? Q.20 A
perpe ndicular is drawnfromthe centre to a tangent to an ellipse hj - 1 . Find t
he grea test value a b of the intercept between the point of contact and the foo
t of the perpendicular. X x2 y 2 Q.21 Consider the function, F (x) = j(t 2 -1) d
t, x e R. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Fin d the x and y intercept of F if they exist. De
rivatives F' (x) and F" (x). The i ntervals on which F is an increasing and the
invervals on which F is decreasing. Relative maximum and minimum points. Any inf
lection point. -l Q.22 A beam of rectangular cross section must be sawnfroma rou
nd log of diameter d. What should the width x and height y of the cross section
be for the beam to offer the greatest resistance (a) to compression; (b) to bend
ing. Assume that t he compressive strength of a beam is proportional to the area
of the cross secti on and the bending strength is proportional to the product o
f the width of secti on by the square of its height Q. 2 3 What are the dimensio
ns of the rectangular plot of the greatest area which can be laid out within a t
riangle of base 36ft. & altitude 12ft? Assume that one side of the rectangle lie
s on the base of the t riangle. Q .24 Theflowerbed is to be in the shape of a ci
rcular sector of radius r & central angle 0. If the area is fixed & perimeter is
minimum,findr and 0. Q .25 The circle x2 + y 2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at P&Q. Anot
her circle with centre a t Q and varable radius intersects the first circle at R
above the x-axis & the l ine segment PQ at S. Find the maximum area of the tria
ngle QSR. % BansaIClasses Application of Derivative [81
EXERCISE-II Q.1 (a) (b) (c) Q. 2 Q. 3 The mass of a cell culture at time t is gi
ven by, M (t ) = Find Lim M(t) and Lim M(t) t->-00 t-00 ~zr l + 4e 3 dM 1 ,, , Sho
w that - - M(3 - M) Find the maximum rate of growth of M and also th e vlaue of
t at which occurs. Find the cosine of the angle at the vertex of an i sosceles t
riangle having the greatest area for the given constant length I of th e median
drawn to its lateral side. From a fixed point A on the circumference of a circle
of radius 'a1, let the perpendicular AY fall on the tangent at a point P on the
circle, prove that the greatest area which the AAPY can have , is3V3ra sq. units
. Q. 4 Q. 5 Given two points A ( - 2,0) & B (0,4) and a line y = x. Find the coor dinates of a point M on this line so that the perimeter of the A AMB is least
. A given quantity of metal is to be casted into a half cylinder i.e. with a rec
tan gular base and semicircular ends. Show that in order that total surface area
may be minimum, the ratio of the height of the cylinder to the diameter of the
semi circular ends is n/(n+2). Depending on the values of p e R,findthe value of
'a' for which the equation x3 + 2 px 2 +p = ahas three distinct real roots. Show
tha t for each a > 0 the function e~ax. xa2 has a maximum value say F (a), and
that F (x) has a minimum value, e~e/2. Let f (x) = sin3 x + X sin2x, -n/2<x< n/2
. Fin d the intervals in which X should lie in order that f(x) has exactly one m
aximum & one minimum. For what real values of 'a' and 'b' are all the extremum v
alues of the function, f(x) = a2x3 + ax2 - x + b negative and the maximum is at
the po int x0 = - 1 . - Vx/nx Q.IO Consider the function /(x) = (a) (b) (c) (d)
L 0 whe nx>0 for x = 0 2 Q. 6 Q.7 Q.8 Q. 9 Find whether/ is continuous at x = 0
or not. Find the minima and maxima if they exist. Does/' (0) ? Find Lim / ' (x).
x-> 0 Find the inflection points of the graph of y=f (x).. Q. 11 Consider the f
unction y =/(x) = In (1 + sin x) with -2n<x<2n. Find (a) the zeroes of/(x) (b) i
nflection points if any on the graph (c) local maxima and mi nima of /(x) (d) as
ymptotes of the graph t/2 (e) sketch the graph of /(x) and co mpute the value of
the definite integral -it/ 2 feBansal Classes Application of Derivative [18]
Q. 12 Arightcircular cone is to be circumscribed about a sphere of a given radiu

s. Find the ratio of the altitude of the cone to the radius of the sphere, if t
h e cone is of least possible volume. Q.13 Find the point on the curve 4 x2 + a2
y2 = 4 a 2 ,4 < a2 < 8 that is farthestfromthe point (0, - 2). 3 5 Q.14 Find the
s et of value of m for the cubic x3 - x2 + = log1/(4 (m) has 3 distinct solutio
ns. Q.15 Let A (p2, - p), B (q2, q), C (r2, - r) be the vertices of the triangle
AB C. A parallelogram AFDE is drawn with vertices D, E & F on the line segments
BC, CA & AB respectively. Using calculus, show that maximum area of such a para
llel ogram is: (p + q) (q + r) (p - r). T 1 Q.16 A cylinder is obtained by revol
ving a rectangle about the x - axis, the bas e of the rectangle lying on the x axis and the entire rectangle lying in the r egion between the curve x y = & th
e x - axis. Find the maximum possible volume o f the cylinder. Q.17 For what val
ues of' a' does the function f (x) = x3 + 3 (a - 7) x2 + 3 (a2 - 9) x - 1 have a
positive point ofmaximum Q.18 Among all regula r triangular prism with volume V
,findthe prism with the least sum of lengths ofa ll edges. How long is the side
of the base of that prism? Q.19 A segment of a li ne with its extremities on AB
and AC bisects a triangle ABC with sides a, b, c i nto two equal areas. Find the
length of the shortest segment. Q.20 What is the r adius of the smallest circul
ar disk large enough to cover every acute isosceles triangle of a given perimete
r L? Q.21 Find the magnitude of the vertex angle ' a ' of an isosceles triangle
of the given area 'A' such that the radius 'r' of th e circle inscribed into the
triangle is the maximum. Q.22 Prove that the least p erimeter of an isosceles t
riangle in which a circle of radius r can be inscribed is6rv3. Q.23 The function
f (x) defined for all real numbers x has the following propert ies (i) f (0) =
0, f (2) = 2 and f 1 (x) = k(2x - x2)e_x for some constant k > 0 . Find (a) the
intervals on which/is increasing and decreasing and any local max imum or minimu
m values. (b) the intervals on which the graph/is concave down and concave up. (
c) Hie function f (x) and plot its graph. Q.24 Find the minimum va lue of j sin
x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x | for all real x. Q.25 Use calculus
to prove the inequality, sin x > 2x n - in 0 < x < 7 1 2 x2 You mav use the ineq
uality to prove that, cos x< 1 - 71 T E in 0 < x < ~ 2 %BansaIClasses Applicatio
n of Derivative [81
EXERCISE-III Q. 1 A conical vessel is to be prepared out of a circular sheet of

gold of unit radius. How much sectorial area is to be removedfromthe sheet so th
at the vessel has maximum volume. [ REE '97,6 ] (A)0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite Q.
2(a) The number of values of x where the function f(x) = cos x + cos (V2x) at t
ains its maximum is: (b) Suppose f(x) is a function satisfying the following co
nditions: (i) (w) f(0) = 2, f(l)= 1 for all x f' (x) = (ii) 5 fhas a minimum val
ue at x = - and 2ax 2ax-l 2ax + b + l b b+1 -1 2(ax + b) 2ax + 2b +1 2ax + b Wh
ere a, b are some constants. Determine the constants a, b & the function f(x). [
JEE '98,2 + 8] Q. 3 Q.4 Find the points on the curve ax2 + 2bxy + ay2 = c ; c >
b > a > 0, whose d istance from the origin is minimum [REE'98,6] The function f(
x) = j t (el - 1) ( t - 1) (t - 2)3 (t - 3)5 dt has a local minimum at x = (D)3
[JEE'99 (Screening), 3] Find the co-ordinates of all the points P on the ellipse
(x2/a2) + (y2/b2) = 1 for which the area of the triangle PON is maximum, where
O denotes the origin and N the foot ofthe perpendicularfromO to the tangent at P
. [JEE '99,10 out of 200] Find the normals to the ellipse (x2/9) + (y2/4) = 1 wh
ich are farthestfrom its centre. [REE '99,6] Find the point on the straight line
, y=2 x +11 which is nearest to the circle, 16 (x2 + y2) + 32 x - 8 y - 50 = 0.
[REE 2000 Mains, 3 ou t of 100] r Ixl for 0 < |x| < 2 Let f (x) = [ j f x = Q .
Then at x = 0,'f' has : X (A) 0 ' (B) 1 (C)2 Q. 5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8 (A) a local maximu
m (C) a local minimum Q. 9 (B) no local maximum (D) no extremum. [ JEE 2000 Scre
ening, 1 out of 35 ] Find the area of the right angled triangle of least area th
at can be drawn so as to circumscribe a rectangle of sides 'a' and 'b', theright
angles of the triangl e coinciding with one of the angles of the rectangle. [ RE
E 2001 Mains, 5 out of 100 ] Q. 10(a) Let f(x) = (1 + b2)x2 + 2bx + 1 and let m(
b) be the minimum value of f( x). As b varies, the range of m (b) is (A) [0,1] (
C) (D) (0,1] (b) The maximum value of (cos ctj) (cos a 2 ) (cos a n ), under the
restrictions iz O < ctj, a 2 , a n < and cot otj cot a 2 cot a n = 1 is (A)^ (!Ba
nsal Classes ffl> (O^ Application of Derivative <> P1 [ JEE 2001 Screening, 1 +1
out of 35 ]
[20J
Q. 11 (a) If a,, aj, , an are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed num
ber e, the minimum value of a, + aj + a3 + + an l + 2an is (A)n(2e)1/n (B)(n+l)
e 1/n (C)2ne1/n (D)(n+l)(2e)1/n [JEE 2002 Screening] (b) A straight line L with
ne gative slope passes through the point (8,2) and cuts the positive coordinates
ax es at points P and Q. Find the absolute minimum value of OP + OQ, as L varie
s, w here O is the origin. [ JEE 2002 Mains, 5 out of 60] Q. 12(a) Find a point
on th e curve x2 + 2y2 = 6 whose distancefromthe line x + y=7, is minimum. [JEE03, Ma ins-2 out of 60] (b) For a circle x2 + y2 = r2, find the value of'r' for
which t he area enclosed by the tangents drawnfromthe point P(6,8) to the circle
and the chord of contact is maximum. [JEE-03, Mains-2 out of 60] Q. 13(a) Let f
(x) = x 3 + bx2 + cx + d, 0 < b2 < c. Then f (A) is bounded (B) has a local max
ima (C) h as a local minima (D) is strictly increasing . , . _ 3x-(x + l) w (b)
Prove that sin x + 2x > - VX G n [JEE 2004 (Scr.)] . (Justify the inequality, if
any used). [JEE 2004,4 out of 60] Q.14 If P(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 sati
sfying P(-l) = 10, P( 1) = - 6 and P(x) has maximum at x = - 1 and P'(x) has min
ima at x = 1. Find the distance bet ween the local maximum and local minimum of
the curve. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4 out of 60] Q.15(a) If/(x) is cubic polynomial wh
ich has local maximum at x = - 1. If / ( 2 ) = 18,/(1) = - 1 and / ( x ) has loc
al maxima at x = 0, then (A) the dis tance between (-1,2) and (a,/(a)), where x
= a is the point of local minima is 2 ^5 (B)/(x) is increasing for x e [1, 2-/5
] (C)/(x) has local minima at x = 1 (D ) the value o f / 0 ) - 5 ex 0 < x <1 x x
_1 1 < x < 2 andg(x) = Jf(t)dt ,x e [1, 3]theng(x)has (b)/(x) = 2 - e x-e 2<x <
3 (A) local maxima at x = 1 + In 2 and l ocal minima at x = e (B) local maxima a
t x = 1 and local minima at x = 2 (C) no local maxima (D) no local minima [JEE 2
006,5marks each] (c) If/(x) is twice differentiable function such that /(a) = 0,
/(b) = 2,/(c) = l,/(d) = 2,/(e) = 0, where a < b < c < d < e , thenfindthe minim
um number of ze ros of g(x) = (f' (x))2 + f (x).f" (x) in the interval [a, e]. [
JEE 2006,6] % Bans aIClasses Application of Derivative [81
A N S W E R T A N G E N T & K E Y N O R M A . L EXERCISE-I Q.l 2V3 x - y = 2 ( V

3 - l ) or 2V3 x + y = 2(V3 + l) Q.3 Q.7 x= 1 whent= l,m-> co; 5 x - 4 y = 1 i
f t * l,m = 1/3] T : x - 2 y = 0 ; N:2x + y = 0 Q.12a=l Q.14 Q.8 x + 2y = 7t/2 &
x + 2y = -37r/2 Q.2 (0,1) Q.9 (a) n = - 2 Q.20 2ex 1 x+2 ; x-4y = 2 Q.16 a = 1/2 ; b - - 3 / 4 ; c = 3 Q.25 Q.22 (b) a - b = a' - b' Q.23 0 = tan_1 mV m V 2
EXERCISE-II Q.l 1/9 n m/min Q.4 3/8 n cm/min Q.8 cm/s Q.12 (a)Q.2 (i) 6km/h (ii)
2 km/hr Q.3 (4,11) & (-4,-31/3) Q.5 1 + 36 7t cu. cm/sec Q.6 1/48 71 cm/s Q.7 0
.05 cm/sec Q .9 2007tr 5 /(r + 5) 2 km 2 /h m/min., (b)5 m/min. 288u Q.IO 66 V 2
4ti Q.ll -7 cm/sec. 4 80 24ti Q.14 (a) r = (1 +1)1/4, (b) t = 80 Q.15 (a) 5.02,
(b) 2 7 EXERCISE-III Q.l 0 = tan -1 42 V Q.3 D N O C I T Y Q.4D Q.5 D Q.2 V2 x
+ y - 2 V2 = 0 or ^ x - y - 2 V 2 = 0 M O N O Q.l TO EXERCISE-I (a) I in (2,oo)
& Din ( - 0 0 , 2 ) (b) I in (1,00) & D in ( - 00, 0) u (0,1) (c ) I in(0,2) & D
in(-00,0) u(2,oo) (d) I for x > -J- or - - < x < 0 & D for x < - or 0 < x < w 2
2 2 2 Q.2 Q.3 Q.5 Q.7 Q.8
xe 2n7c + ,2mn u 2mt,2n7i uf2mr + 71, 2mt + I; n e l I 4' 4 4 I 4 (a) I in [0, 3t

i/4) u (7tt/4 , 2 tt] & D in (3tt/4 , 7 7t/4) (b) I in [0 , ti/6) u (tc/2 , 5tx
/ 6) u (3tc/2 ,2 71] & D in (tt/6 , tt/2) u (5ti/6, 3 ti/2)] 7 1 31 7 7 t J cont
inuous but not diff. at x= 1 [l,oo) Q.10 Q.6 a < - (2+V5 j or a > V? Q.ll [ - 7
, - 1 ) u [2, 3] (a)(7r/6)+(l/2)/n3,(7i/3)-(l/2)/n3, (b) least value is equal to
(l/e)1/e, no gre atest value, (c) 2 &-10 a e (-oo,-3]u[l,oo) Q.12 increasing in
x e (tt/2 ,27t/3) & decreasing in [0 , n/2) u (27t/3, 7t] Q.1 3 0<a< Q.14 t in
(3,00) and I in (1,3) Q.15 (6,00) Q.16 a>0 % Bans aIClasses Application of Deriv
ative [81
r 5 ^ Q.17 (a) ( - oo, 0] ; (b) t in 1 a n d I in (-oo,l)u -,00 -{-3} ; (c) x =

- ; (d) removable discont. at x=-3 (missing point) and non removable discont. at
x = 1 (infinite type) (e)-2 Q.24. (-1, 0) u (0, oo) Q.25 (b-a) 3 /4 EXERCISE-II
Q.l Q.7 c = -m' + n a which lies between a & b m+n y = - 5x - 9 and y = 5x + 11
Q .6 a = 3, b = 4 and m = 1 Q.18 0 EXERCISE-1II Q.l ( - 2/a, a/3) Q.2 C Q.4(a) A
,C;(b) D Q.7 A Q.9 Q.5 (a)B;(b)D; (c)C (a) D ; ( b) C Q.ll (a)D Q.6 (a) A, (b) c
os(j cos"1 p MAXIMA. - MINIMA EXERCISE-I Q.l Q.3 f (x) = x3 + x2 - x + 2 Q.2 max
.at x = l ; f(l) = 0, min.at x = 7/5; f(7 /5) = -108/3125 (a) Max at x = 2 n, Ma
x value = 2 IT, Min. at x = 0, Min value = 0 (b) Max at x-n/6 & also at x = 5 n/
6 and Max value = 3/2, Min at x = 7t/2, Mi n value = - 3 Q.5 Pmax = a | 1 + cose
ca 2J Q.6 75 73 sq. units Q.4 f(x)= | x6 - y x5 + 2x 4 2A 'ti + 4 ' S 2A Vn + 4
Q.7 r= Q.9 3x + 4y - 9 = 0 ; 3x - 4y + 9 = 0 Q.14 side 10', height 10' Q.17 a =
1, b = 0 Q.IO 4^2 m Q.12 110', 70* Q.15 32 sq. units Q.ll l/n cum Q.13 6/(6 + 71
) Q.16 0 = 60 Q.19 width 2 V3 m, length 3 V3 m Q.20 | a b j Q.21 (a) (-1, 0), (0,
5/6); (b) F ' (x) = (x2 - x), F " (x) = 2x - 1, (c) increasing (- oo, 0) u (1,
oo), decreasi ng (0,1); (d) (0,5/6); (1,2/3); (e) x = 1/2 Q.22(a)x = y = ^ , ( b
) x = - ^ , y = ^ | d Q.24 r = Va , 0 = 2 radians Q.23 6' x 18' Q 25 ' 173 % Ba
ns aI Classes Application of Derivative [81
EXERCISE-III Q.l (a) 0, 3, (c) - , t = In 4 Q.2 cos A - 0.8 Q.4 (0,0) Q.8 -3/2 <
A.<0U0<A,<3/2 Q.6 p < a < y ^ + p if p > 0 ; ^ - + p < a < p i f p < 0 1 f Q.9
a = - ~ and b e -oo, or a= 1,be(-oo,- 1) Q.IO (a) f is continuous at x = 0; (b) ; (c) does not exist, does not exist; ( d) pt. of inflection x = 1 6 Q.ll 71 3i
t (a) x = - 27t, - 7t, 0,it, 2n, (b) no i nflection point, (c) maxima at x = and
- and no'minima, (d) x = and x = - , (e) n in 2 f 37C 7t Q.12 4 Q.13 (0,2) & max
. distance = 4 Q.14 m e '4VY/3 vV3y \_ r 32' 16. Q.19 Q.16 * 4 Q.17 ( - oo, - 3)
u (3 ,29/7) Q.20 L/4 Q.18 H = x = Q.21 71 (c+a-b)(a + b - c ) Q.23 (a) increasi
ng in (0,2) and decreasing in (-oo, 0) u (2, oo), local min. va lue = 0 and loca
l max. value = 2 (b) concave up for ( - o , 2 - V2) u (2 + V2, o ) and concave d
own in (2 - V2), (2 + V2) o o (c)f(x)=|e2x-x2 Q.24 2V2-I EXERCISE-IJI Q.l * sq.
units Q.2 (a) B, (b) a = - j ; b = 4 ; f(x) (x2 - 5x + 8) 4 4 Q.3 Q.5 Q.8 & i2(a
+ b) ' y ( + ) 2a bJ -f A V2(a+b)' y 2(a+b), Q.4 (a) B, D, Q.7 (-9/2,2) Q.12 (a
) (2,1); (b) 5 Q.6 V 3 x V 2 y = V 5 Q.9 2ab Q.IO (a) D; (b) A Q.ll (a) A; (b) 1
8
Q.13 (a)D Q.14 4^65 Q-15 (a) B, C; (b) A, B, (c) 6 solutions (!Bansal Classes App
lication of Derivative [20J
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) BOOLEAN ALGEBRA CONTEN
TS KEY- CONCEPTS SUGGESTED EXERCISE ANSWER-KEY
KEY CONCEPTS Mathematical logic is the science of reasoning. It is a process by

which we arri ve at a conclusion from known statements or assertions with the us
e of valid ass umption which is known as Laws of Logic. 1. 2. Basic Concepts: A
statement is a sentence which is either true of false but not both simultaneousl
y. Truth value of statement: If a statement is true, we say that its truth value
is TRUE or T a nd if it is false we say that its truth value is FALSE or F. Com
pound statements : A statement is said to be simple, if it cannot be broken down
into two or more sentences. New statements that can be formed by combining two
or more simple st atements are called sub-statements or component statements of
the compound state ments. The compound statement S consisting of sub statements
p, q, r, is denoted by S (p,q, r,..). A fundamental property of a compound state
ments is that its t ruth value is completely determined by the truth value of ea
ch of its sub statem ents together with the way in which they are connected to f
orm the compound stat ement. Basic logical connectives: The words which combine
simple statements to f orm compound statements are called connectives. To define
a set of connectives w ith definite meanings in the language of logic is called
object language. Three basic connectives (logical) are 3. 4. 5. Object language
(i) (ii) (iii) 6. Conjuction Disconjuction negation English word and or not Sym
bol A v ~ Conditional and Bi-conditional stetements: " If p then q", such statem
ents are c alled conditional statements and are denoted by p - q read as 'p impli
es q'. " p if and only if q " such statements are called bi-conditional statemen
ts and are denoted by p o q . Table (to be remembered) S.No. Connective Nature o
fthe compou nd statement formed by the Connective. Conjuction Disjunction negati
on implicati on or conditional equivalence or biconditional Symbol Symbol^ ; for
m A V Negation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. and or not If then If then only if pA q pv q (~P)
V ( ~ q ) p (~ q) ~ > p -> q ~P
(~p) A (~ q) p) = p A [ p A ( ~ q ) ] v [ q A ( ~ p ) ] <-> p^q tH.BansatClasses

Boolean Algebra [2]
Truth table: Let S(p, q, r) be a compound statement consisting of sub statements

p, q, r,.... etc. A simple concise way to show the relationship between the tru
th table of S and the truth values of its substatements p, q, r,... etc. is by
m eans of a table called the truth table for the statement S. Example: (1) Const
ru ct the truth table for [ p A (~ p) ] P ~ P [PA P)] T F F F T F (2) (i) Constr
uct truth table for (i) p A q p q pAq T ^ T * * j^ T F F F T F F F F 1 and (ii)
p v q (ii) p q T F F T F F p v q T T F Tautologies and contradiction: A statemen
t is said to be tautology if it is true for all logical possibilities. Analogous
ly a statement is said to be a contradi ction if it is false for all logical pos
sibilities. A straight forward method to determine whether a given statement is
tautology (or contradiction) is to const ruct its truth table. We denote tautolo
gy by T and contradiction by 'C'. Logical equivalence: Two statements S, (p, q,
r,...) and S2 (p, q, r,....) are said to be logically equivalent, or simply equi
valent if they have the same truth values for all logical possibilities and deno
ted by S, (p, q, r,...) = S2 (p, q, r,... .) Note: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) p -> q =
( ~ p ) v q ~ ( p -> q) s p A (--q) p -> q s ( ~ q) -> p) p <-> q - (p -> q) A (
q->p) ~ (p q) = ( p A - q) V (~p (Condition al statement) (Negation of Conditiona
l statement) (Contrapositive of Conditional statement) (Bicond statement) (Negat
ion of Biconditional statement) A q) Duality: Two compound statements S, and S2
are said to be duals of each other if one can be obainedfromother by replacing A
by v and v by A . The connections A and v are called duals of each other. Algeb
ra of statements: 1. Idempotent laws : If p is any statement then (a) p v p = p
(b) p A p = p 2. Associative laws : I f p, q and r are any three statements, the
n (a) p v (q v r) = (p v q) v r (b) p A (q A r) = (p A q) A r 3. Commutative law
s: If p and q are two statements, then (a) p v q s q v p (b) p A q = q A p 4. Di
stributive Laws: If p, q and r are thr ee statements then, (a) p v (q A r) = (p
v q) A (p v r) (b) p A (q v r) S (p A q ) v (p A r) tH.Bans at Classes Boolean A
lgebra [3]
5. 6. 7. Identity laws: If p is any statement, t is tautology and c is contradic

tion, the n (a) p v t = t (b) p A t = p (c) p v c = p (d) p A c = c Complement l
aws: If t is tautology, c is a contradiction and p is any statement, then (a)p v
(~ P ) = t (b)p A (~ P ). = c (c) ~ t = c (d) ~ c = t Involution law: If p and
q be any t wo statements then ~ p) = p Definition: A non empty set B together wi
th two operations generally denoted by '+' and '.'is said to be a Boolean Algebr
a if the following axioms hold: (I) For all x, y e B (a) x+y e B (b) x, y e B Fo
r all x, y e B (a) x+y=y+x (b) x . y = y. x (Closure property for +) (Closure pr
operty for.) (Commutative law of+) (Commutat ive law of.) (Associative law of +)
(Associative law of.) (Distributive law of + over.) (Distributive law of. over
+) (II) (III) For all x, y and z in B (a) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) (b) (x . y).
z = x. (y. z) (a) (b) x + (y. z) = (x + y).(x + z) x . (y + z) = (x. y) + (x .
z) (IV) (V) There exists elements denoted by 0 and 1 in B. Such that for all x e
B . (a) x+ 0= x (0 is identity for +) (b) x. 1 = x (1 is identity for.) For eac
h x e B, the re exists an element denoted by x', called the component or negatio
n of x, in B such that (a) x + x' = 1 (b) x . x' = 0 (Complement law) Here'+' an
d '.' are not ordinary addition and multiplication. These are simply operations.
(VI) * Important points: 1. Boolean algebra is designated as (B,'+','.',"', 0,1
) in ord er to emphasise it six parts, namely set B, the two binary operations '
+' and '. ', the complement operation''' and the two special elements 0 and 1. T
he symbols 0 and 1 not necessarily represent the numbers zero and one but elemen
ts are cal led zero elements and unit elements. For the set S of all logical sta
tements, th e operations v and A play the roles of'+'and'.'respectively. The tau
tology t and the contradiction C play the roles of 1 and 0, and the operationpla
ys the role ? 11 For P(A), the set of all subsets of a set A, the operations u a
nd n play th e roles of '+' and'.', A and (j) play the roles of 1 and 0, and com
plementation plays the role of " ' . 2. 3. tH.BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [4]
Principal of duality: The dual of any statement in a boolean algebra B is the st

atement obtained by interchanging the elements 0 and 1 in the original statemen
t . Concept of duality as defined in mathematical logic is same here, the only d
if ference between the two is of notations as '+' is used for v ,'.' is used for
A , 0 is used for contradiction c and 1 used for the tautology!:. Principle of
Dua lity: Dual of any theorem in Boolean algebra is also a theorem. Theorem 1 :I
n a Boolean algebra 0 and the unit element 1 are unique. Theorem 2: Let B be a B
oole an algebra. Then for any x and y in b we have, (a) x + x = x (a') x. x = x
(b) x + 1 = 1 (b') x . 0 = 0 (c) x + (x.y) = x (c) x. (x + y) = x (d) 0' = 1 (d'
)l' = 0 (e)(x')' = x (f)(x + y)' = x',y' (f')(x.y)' = x'+y' Note that a', b', c'
, d' and f ' are duals of a, b , c, d and f. Arguments and their validity: An ar
gumen t is the assertion that statement S, follows from other statements, S,, S
2 , S 3 , ...Sn We denote the argument by (S,, S 2 , S 3 ,.... ,S n ; S). The st
atemen t S is called the comclusion and the statements S,, S 2 ,...., Sn are cal
led hyp othesis. An argument consisting of the hypothesis S,, S 2 ,..., Sn and c
onclusio n S is said to be valid if S is true whenever all S., ' 2 ' S n true. 1
,...., ' are Application of Boolean algebra to switching circuits: switch P 9 0
switch q 0 -switch P , switch q Lamp / R " Switches p and q are in series. Switc
hes p closed closed open open closed open c losed open q Switches p and q are in
parallel. Lamp State on off off off Switches P closed cl osed open open closed
open closed open q Lamp State on on on off If we replace the words 'closed' and
'on' by the word 'True (or T)' and words 'o pen' and 'off by the word 'False (or
F)' then the tables becomes truth table for logical experiment p A q and p v q
respectively. In the language of logic we us e symbols 1 and 0 to represent T an
d F. tH.BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [5]
Switches p 1 1 0 1 q 1 0 1 1 Lamp State 1 0 0 1 Switches p 1 1 q 1 0 Lamp State

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Switches p and q are in series, i.e. p A q Switches p and q are
in parallel, i.e. p v q . These type of tables are called input/output tables wi
th input as all possible v alues in bits of the switches p, q etc. and output as
the corresponding values i n bits of their outcome. We define the logical opera
tions '+' and '.' on the set of bits {0,1} by Operation 1+ 1 = 1 1+0 = 1 0+1 = 1
0+0=0 OR (+) T v T=T T v F= T F v T=T Fv F=F Operation AND (.) 1.1 = 1 T A T=T
1.0 = 0 T A F=F 0.1=0 F A T=F 0.0 = 0 FA F=F The NOT operation ',' on the set {0
, 1} is defined by 0'= 1 as ~ F = T and 1' = 0 as ~T = F. Definition 2: Let {B,
+ , . , ' , 0 , 1 , } be a Boolean algebra an d Xj, x 2 , in Xj, x2, ,...,xn are
definedrecursivley as follows: (I) 0,1, Xj, x ,,..., xn are all Boolean express
ion. (II) If x and y are Boolean expressions, t hen (a) x' (b) x + y(orx v y) (c
) x . y (or x A y) are also Boolean expressions. Note: We denote a Boolean expre
ssion X in x,, x 2 ,...., xn by X( x,, x 2 ,.... , xn) Definition 3: Let X(x, ,
x 2 , ...., xn) be a boolean expression in , x 2 , ...,xn . Then a function f of
the form f(x,,x 7 ,...,x ) = X(x , X2, ..., X] ) is called a Boolean function.
Three basic gates : Gates are circuits constructe d using solid state devices, w
hich are capable of switching voltage levels ( bit s 0 and 1). The input / outpu
t tables for these gates are similar to the truth t ables of conjuction, discunj
uction and negation respectively with T = 1 and F = 0. Definition: An AND gate i
s a Boolean function defined by f (x p x?) = x, .x2 Xj, x2 e {0,1} In DUt 1 1 0
0 x2 1 0 1 0 Output x1 . x 2 1 0 0 0 , xn are in B. Then Boolean expressions tH.
BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [6]
Definition: An OR gate is a Boolean function defined by f (x,, x2) = x, + x2 x,,

x2 e {0,1} In D t U Output Xl 1 1 0 0 X2 1 0 1 0 + x2 1 1 1 0 Definition: An NO
T gate is a Boolean function defined by f(x) = x' Input NOT x,, x2 e {0,1} X 0 1
Output X' 0 1 x-r XROR (1) NOT (2) In the circuit (1): In a circuit if the outp
ut S is uniquely defined for each co mbination of inputs x,, x2and x 3 . Such a
circuit is said to be combinatorial c ircuit or combinatorial circuit. In the ci
rcuit (2): We observe that if x, = 1 a nd x2 = 0 then the inputs to the AND gate
are 1 and 0 and so the output of the A ND gate is 0 . Which is the input to the
NOT gate which yields output 1 i.e. S = 1. But the diagram states that x2 = S i
.e. 0 = 1 a contradiction. Therefore we conclude that output S is not uniquely d
efined. Such a circuit is not a combinat ional circuit. Definition: Two combinat
orial circuits are equivalent if their in put/output tables are identical. x,OR
NOT s, In D t U Output x2 1 0 1 0 Si 0 0 0 1 Xt 1 1 0 0 In DUt x2 1 0 1 0
Xl 1 1 0 0 Output S2 0 0 0 1 tH.BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [7]
SUGGESTED EXERCISE Ql. Q2. Let B = { {1} , {2}, {1,2 } ,(j>}. Show that (B , u ,
n , ' , (j), {1,2 }) is a Boolean Algebra. Let L be set of all logical statemen
ts. Define operations '+', '.' and " ' b y p + q = p v q ; p . q = p A q ; p' =
~p for all p, q E L where v , A has usual meaning in mathematical logic. Show t
h at (L, + , . , ' , C , t) is a Boolean Algebra. Let B be a Boolean algebra. Th
en , for any x and y in B, prove (i) (x + y). (x + 1) = x + x . y + y (ii) x = 0
if and only if y = x.y' + x'.y + x'.y for all y "(iii) x + x. ( y + l ) = x Con
str uct truth tables for the following (i) [p v (~p) A q)] -> q (ii) p A (q r) (
iii) [p A r) - (q v r) Which ofthe following are equivalent ? (i) p q ; (~ p) ->
(~ q ) (ii) p ^ q ; (p A q) v ( ~ P A (~ q) ) Examine the validity ofthe folloiw
ng ar guments: (i) Sj : p -> q ; S 2 : q ^ p ; S : p v q (ii) S , : [ p A (~ q)
] r ; S2 : p v q ; S 3 : q p Q3. Q4. Q 5. Q6. ; S:r Q7. Q8. Construct an input o
utput table for each of the following Boolean Algebra functi ons: (i) f (x,, x 2
, x3) = ((x,. x2') + x 3 ). x,' (ii) f (x,, x2) - (x,. x2') + x2 ' Write the Bo
olean expression for the following input/output table. Show t hat it is a Boolea
n function and also draw its arrow diagram. Input Output x3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 x2 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 S 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Q 9. Find the combinatorial cir
cuit corresponding to the following Boolean expression s: (i) (ii) (iii) x.+(x1'
.x2) {x, + (x 2 '. X3) } + X3 { x ; + ( x 2 ' . x 3 ) } + x, tH.BansatClasses Bo
olean Algebra [8]
Q10. Prove Demorgans Laws for any elements a, b in a Boolean algebra, i.e. prove
(i) (a + by = a' b' (ii) (ab)' = a' + V Simplify (i) { [ (a' A b')' v c] A (a v
c)} ' (ii) (x A y) v [ (x v y ' ) A y]' where B is a Boolean algebra Qll. a, b
e B x,yeB Q12. Q13. Draw the circuit which realizes the function a A [(b v d1) v
(c' A (a v d v c')] A b Write the Boolean expression corresponding to the follo
wing switching circu it. Use laws of Boolean algebra to simplify the circuit. Co
nstruct the network f or the simplified circuit. . ^. q q Q14. rq' If A, B, C re
present three switches in an on position and A', B' and C' represen t the switch
es in an off position, then construct a network for the polynomial A BC + AB'C +
A'B'C. Using the laws of the Booean algebra, show that above polynom ial is equ
ivalent to C(A+ B') and construct an equivalent switching circuit. Q15. Simplify
the combinational circuit: not>ON0T>OOR Q16. For each x in a Boolean Algebra B,
prove that x + y = lj x.y = of y = x' tH.BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [9]
ANSWER KEY p q T F I F ~P F F T T ~p A q F F T F pv (~p T T T F A q) p v (~p A q

) -> q Q4. (i) T T F F T F T T P T T T T (ii) F F F F T T F F T T F F q r T F T
F T F T F T F T T T F T T P A(q->r) T F T T F F F F (iii) P T T T T F F F F T T
F F T T F F q r T F T F T 1 F T F
~r F T F T F T F T p A (~ r) F T F T F F F F qv r T T T F T T T F (PA ~r) - > (

q v r ) T T T F T T T T Q5. No,Yes Xl 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Xl Q6. *2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
x2 1 0 1 0 (i) invalid; (ii) invalid X3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 X x'2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 (x
vx2)' 0 1 1 1 X-|.X'2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 (x 1 .x' 2 ) + x 3 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 X'l 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 ( ( x 1 , x ' 2 ) + x 3 ) . xS 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1X2 1 0 0 0 ( x v x
2 )' + x 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 tH.BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [10]
Q8. f (x) = x, x2 x3 + x, x2' x3' + x,' x2' Arrow Diagram Q9. (i) (ii) (iii) Qll
. (i) (a' A c');(ii) 1 b Q12. V V Q13. pq + r ( r ' + q)(p' + r q ' ) Simplified
form: pq + qr q r B C Q14. A B* \ x ; + x2 A A' B' B' c" c" xr Q15. X, - N0j>O T
tH.BansatClasses Boolean Algebra [11]
BANSAL CLASSES TARGET IIT JEE 2007 MATHEMATICS XII (ABCD) :. : :: " .. : v.. : :
VECTORS & 3-D CONTENTS KEY- CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II EXERCISE-III EXERCI
SE-IV ANSWER KEY
KEY 1. DEFINITIONS: A VECTOR CONCEPTS may be described as a quantity having both

magnitude & direction. A vector is ge nerally represented by a directed line se
gment, say AB . A is called the initial point & B is called the terminal point.
The magnitude of vector AB is expressed by i AB ! a vector of zero magnitude i.e
.which has the same initial & terminal point, i s called a ZERO VECTOR. It is de
noted by O. ZERO VECTOR UNIT VECTOR a vector of unit magnitude in direction of a
vector a is called unit vector alon g a and is denoted by a symbolically a= two
vectors are said to be equal if they have the sa me magnitude, direction & repre
sent the same physical quantity. EQUAL VECTORS two vectors are said to be collin
ear if their directed line segments are paralle l disregards to their direction.
Collinear vectors are also called PARALLEL VECT ORS. If they have the same dire
ction they are named as like vectors otherwise un like vectors. COLLINEAR VECTOR
S Simbolically, two non zero vectors a and b are collinear if and only if, a=Kb
, where K e R COPLANAR VECTORS a given number of vectors are called coplanar if
their line seg ments are all parallel to the same plane. Note that "Two VECTORS
A R E ALWAYS CO PLANAR". POSITION VECTOR let O be a fixed origin, then the posit
ion vector of a point P is the vector OP If a & b & position vectors of two poin
t A and B, then , AB = b - a = pvofB - pvofA. 2. VECTOR ADDITION : If or = 3. tw
o vectors a & b are represented by OA & OB , then their sum a + b is a vect repr
esented by OC , where OC is the diagonal of the parallelogram OACB. a + b b + a
(commutative) a + 0=a = 0 + a MULTIPLICATION OF VECTOR
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (associativity) a +(-a)=0 = (-a)+a BY SCALARS : If a i
s a vector & m is a scalar, us is | m | times that of a. This . If a & b are vec
tors & m, n are n ( m a ) = (mn )a ( m + n ) a = 4. SECTION FORMULA : m(a + b) =
ma + mb If a & b are the position vectors of two points A & B then the p. v. of
a point which divides AB in the t ,, , . ., . x ratio m: n is given by: - na +
mb . Note p. v. of mid point oi AB = a + b . r= m+n 2 ^Bansal then m a is a vect
or parallel to a whose modul multiplication is called SCALAR MULTIPLICATION scal
ars, then: m ( a ) = (a)m = ma m ( n a ) = ma + na
Classes Probability [2]
DIRECTION COSINES : Let a = aji + a 2 j + a 3 k the angles which this vector mak
es with the +ve dire ctions OX,OY & OZ are called DIRECTION ANGLES & their cosin
es are called the DIR ECTION COSINES . ao cos a = 1 -! i r 5 cos p=~-2 > cos r =
1 J r > (3=7^Note tha t, cos2 a + cos213 + cos2 F = 1 a aI la Figure B (B VECTO
R EQUATION OF A LINE : Parametric vector equation of a line passing through two
point a a A(a) & B(b) is given by, f = a + t(b - a) wheretisaparameter. If the l
ine passes through the point A(a) & is parallel to the vector b then its equatio
n is, r = a +1 b Note that the equations of the bisectors of the angles between
the lines r = a + A . b & r = a + p c i s : r = 5 +1 (b + c) & r = a + p ( c - b
) . TEST OF COLLINEARITY : Three points A,B,C with position vectors a,b,c respe
ctively are collinear, if& o nly if there exist scalars x, y, z not all zero sim
ultaneously such that ; xa + yb + zc = 0, where x + y + z = 0. 8. SCALAR PRODUCT
OF TWO VECTORS : a.b = aj =a n b = A A A la! cos 9(0 < 9 < rt), note that if 9
is acute then a.b > 0 I |2 7 " a.a=| ,a.b=b.a (commutative) a.b = 0<=>ab i.i = j.
j = k.k = 1 ; projection of a o ^ . jbi A A A
& if 9 is obtuse then a.b < 0 a . (b + c) = a.b + a.c (distributive) (a*0 b*0) A
i.j = j.k = k.i = 0 (-a xy b b and perpendicular to b = a 2 v b j a.b 0<<|><7t
A A A A A Note: That vector component of a along b =
a b V o / the angle d between a & b is given by cos<|) A A A if a = a1i + a 2 j +

a 3 k & |aj= Y a i 2 Note (i) (ii) + a b = bji+ b 2 j + b3k then a.b = a,bj + a
2b2 + a3b3 b ^ b, 2 + b 2 2 + b ; 22 + a j _i Maximum value of a . b = [ a I I b
| Minimum values of a . b = a . b = - | a | Classes lb Probability <!Bansal [3]
(iii) (iv) Any vector a can be written as , a = (a . ij i + (a . jj j + (a . kj

k . a b A v ector in the direction of the bisector of the angle between the two
vectors a&b is pr + pr. Hence l l |b| a bisector of the angle between the two ve
ctors g&b is X (a + bj, where X e R+. Bi sector ofthe exterior angle between a&b
is X (a - b j , X e R+ . 9. VECTOR PRODU CT OF TWO VECTORS : If a&b are two vec
tors & 9 is the angle between them then a x b = |a sin 9n (0 where n is the unit
vector perpendicular to both a&b such that a , b & n forms a right handed screw
system . (ii) (iii) or Lagranges Identity: for any two vectors a & b;(axb)2 =|a
|~|b| -(a.b) 2 = Formula tion of vector product in terms of scalar product: The
vector product a x b is t he vector c , such that (i) | c | = yja2b2 -(a-b) 2 (i
i) c a = 0; 5 b =0 and a.a a.b a.b b.b (iii) a, b, c form a right handed system
(iv) axb = 0 o a & b are parallel (collin ear) (a * o, b ^ 0) i.e. a = Kb , where
K is a scalar, axb bxa ( n o t commutati ve) where m is a scalar . (distributive
) (ma) x b = a x (mb) = m(a x b) ax(b + c ) = (axb) + (axc) ^ ixi = j x j = kxk
= 0 (v) ix j = k, jxk = i, kxi = j A A A i j k y v A / v ~ t If a = aji + a 2 j
+ a 3 k & b = bji + b 2 j + b3k then axb a l a 2 a 3 bj b2 b3 Geometrically axb
represen ted by a & b . area of the parallelogram whose two adjacent sides are (
vi) (vii) Unit vector perpendicular to the plane of a & b is n = axb axb (a x b
j A vector of magnitude 'r' & perpendicular to the palne of a & b is y ax b If 9
is the angle between a&b then sin 9 = axb lal b <!Bansal Classes Probability [4]
(viii) Vector area If a ,b & c are the pv's of 3 points A, B & C then the vector
area o f triangle ABC = 1 axb + bxc + cxa The points A, B & C are collinear if
axb + bx c + cxa = 0 Area of any quadrilateral whose diagonal vectors are d & d
, is give n by 1 dj xd2 10. SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO LINES : If two lines i
n space intersect at a point , then obviously the shortest distance between them
is zero. Lines which do not intersect & are also not parallel are called SKEW L
INES. For Skew lines the dire ction of the shortest distance would be perpendicu
lar to both the lines. The mag nitude of the shortest distance vector would be e
qual to that of the projection of AB along the direction of the line of shortest
distance, LM is parallel to p x q AB . (pxq) pxq i.e. LM = Projection of AB on
LM Projection of AB on pxq ( b - a ) . (pxq) pxq 1. The two lines directed along
p & q will intersect only if shortest distance = 0 i.e (b-a).(pxq) = 0 i.e. (b
- aj lies in the plane containing p & q .=> (b-aj p q = 0 . 2. 11. or bx(a2 - a
, ) If two lines are given by r, = a, + Kb & r2 = a, + Kb i.e. they ar e paralle
l then, d = SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT / BOX PRODUCT / MIXED PRODUCT : The s calar tr
iple product of three vectors a, b & c is defined as : axb.c=|a|b |c| s in0 cos<
j> where is the angle between a & b &<|> is the angle between axb&;cIt is also de
fined as [a b c ] , spelled as box product. Scalar triple product geomet rically
represents the volume ofthe parallelopiped whose three couterminous edge s are
represented by a ,b & c i.e.V = [a b c ] In a scalar triple product the po sitio
n of dot & cross can be interchanged i.e. a.(b x c ) = (a x b ).c OR [ a b c ] =
[ b c a ] = [ c a b ] a . (bxc) = -a.(cxb) i.e. [ a b c ] = - [ a c b ] A A A A
A / V A A A * b, If a = aji + a 2 j + a 3 k ; b = bji + b 2 j + b3k & c = Cji +
c 2 j + c3k then [a b c] = b2 b3 C[ c 2 c 3 3.1 ?L2 In general , if a = a, 1 +
a2m + a3n ; b = b j + b2m + b3n & c = c, 1 + c2m + c3 n a l a 2
a 3 then |abc t>i b2 b3 Cj c2 c3 Trnnj ; where 1, rh & n are non coplanar vector
s . If a , b , c are coplanar < > [a b c] = 0 . = <!Bansal Classes Probability [5
]
Scalar product of three vectors, two of which are equal or parallel is 0 i.e. [a
bc] = 0, Note : If a , b, c are non - coplanar then [a b c] > 0 for right hande
d system & [a b c] < 0 for left handed system. or [i j k] = 1 [Kabc] = K[abc] =
[ (a + b) c d] = [a c d] + [b c d] The volume of the tetrahedron OABC with O as
origin & the pv's of A, B and C bei ng a , b & c respectively is given by V = [a
b c] 6 cir " The positon vector of the centroid of a tetrahedron if the pv's of
its angular v ertices are a , b, c & d are given by ~ [a + b + c + d]. Note tha
t this is also the point of concurrency of the lines joining the vertices to the
centroids ofth e opposite faces and is also called the centre of the tetrahedro
n. In case the t etrahedron is regular it is equidistantfromthe vertices and the
four faces ofthe tetrahedron. Remember that a-b b-c c-a 0 & a+b b+c c+a = 2 a b
c *12. VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT : Let a , b , c be any three vectors, then the exp
ression a x ( b x c ) is a vector & is called a vector triple product. GEOMETRIC
AL INTERPRETATION OF ax(bxc) Consider the expression a x (bx c) which itself is
a vector, since it is a cross product of two vectors a & (b x c). Now a x ( b x
c ) is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing a & (b x c) but b x c is a
vector perpendicular to the plane b & c , therefore a x (b x c) is a vector lie
s in the plane of b&c and per pendicular to a . Hence we can express ax ( b x c
) in terms of b & c i.e. a x (b x c) = xb + yc where x & y are scalars . * a x (
b x c) = (a . c)b (a . b)c (a x b) x c # a x (b x c) 13. LINEAR COMBINATIONS / L
inearly Independen ce and Dependence of Vectors : Given a finite set of vectors
a, b, c, combinatio n of a, b, c, (a) then the vector r = xa + yb + zc + e R. We
have the following results : iscalleda linear for any x, y, z ( a x b ) x c = (
a . c ) b - ( b . c )a FUNDAMENTALTHEOREM I N PLANE : Let a,b be nonzero, non c
ollinear vectors. Then any vector r coplanar with a,b can be expressed uniquely
as a linear combination of a,b i.e. There exist some unique x,y e R such that xa
+ yb=r . (b) FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM I N SPACE : Let a ,b ,c be non-zero, non-copla
nar vectors in space. Then any vector r, can be uniquily expressed as a linear c
ombination of a ,b ,c i.e. There exist some unique x,y e R such that xa + y b +
z c = r . <!Bansal Classes P robability [6]
(c) If x, ,x 2 , x n are n non zero vectors, & k,, k2, k n x n = 0 => k, = 0,k2
= 0 kn are n scalars & if the linear combination k n = 0 then we say that vector
s x ,,x 2 , xn kjXj + k 2 x 2 + (d) If x j ,x 2 , x,,x 2 , Note : a r e LINEARLY
INDEPENDENT VECTORS . x n are not LINEARLY INDEPENDENT then they are said to be
LINEARLY x n are said to be LINEARLY DEPENDENT . DEPENDENT vectors . i.e. if k
, x , + k 2 x 2 + + k n x n = 0 & if there exists at least one k * 0 then If a =
3i + 2j + 5k then a is expressed as a LINEAR COMBINATION of vectors i, j, k Als
o, a, I5 js K form a linearly dependent set of vectors. In general, every set of
four vectors is a linearly dependent system. i, j, k are LINEARLY LNDEPENDENT s
et of vectors. For KJI+K2j + K3k = 0 = > Kj = 0 = K 2 = K 3 . ^ Two vectors a &
b are linearly dependent => a is parallel to b i.e. axb= 0 => li near dependence
of a & b Conversely if axbÔ then a & b are linearly independent . If three vec
tors a ,b ,c are linearly dependent, then they are coplanar i.e. [a, b, c] = 0,
conversely, if [a, b, c] * 0 , then the vectors are linearly inde pendent. 14. C
OPLANARITY OF VECTORS : Four points A, B, C, D with position vectors a, b, c, d
respectively are coplanar if and only if there exist scalars x, y, z, w not all
zero simultaneously such that xa+ yb+zc+wd=0 where, x + y + z + w=0. 15. RECIPRO
CAL SYSTEM OF VECTORS : If a, b, c & a',b',c' are two sets of non coplana r vect
ors such that a.a'=b .b -c.c'=l two systems are called Reciprocal System o f vec
tors. X ^ T Note: . u- 2xa , axb a = r - , ; b'= _ , ; c'jSbcj abcj |abcj then th
e 16. (a) (b) 17. (a) (b) EQUATION OF A PLANE : The equation (r - r0 >.n 0 repre
sents a plane containing t he point with p.v. r0 where n is a vector normal to t
he plane. ?.n=d is the gene ral equation of a plane. Angle between the 2 planes
is the angle between 2 norma ls drawn to the planes and the angle between a line
and a plane is the complimen
t of the angle between the line and the normal to the plane. APPLICATION OF VECT
ORS : Work done against a constant force F over a displacement s is defined as
W =F.s The tangential velocity V of a body moving in a circle is given by V = w
x r where r is the pv of the point R = j a \ i p / L, V <!Bansal Classes Probabili
ty [482]
(c) The moment of F about 'O' is defined as M = f x Fwherer is the pv of P wrt '
0 \ The direction of M is along the normal to the plane OPN such that r , F & M
rig ht handed system. form a (d) Moment ofthe couple = ( r , - r 2 ) x F where
h & ?2 are pv's of the point ofthe application of the forces F & - F. 3 -D COORD
INATE GEOMETRY USEFUL R ESULTS A General: Distance (d) between two points (x,, y
,, z,) and (x 2 , y 2 , z2) d= yl(x2-xl)2+(y2-y1)2+(z2-zrf (X|,y,, z,) m2Zj (1)
(2) A m i P(x, y, z) !- m, Section Fomula m m2x1 + m 1 x 2 2Yl + m i Y2 m!+m 2 '
: m]+m 2 (For external div ision take -ve sign) B (x2, y? j z.) z= +nii z 2 mj +m
2 Direction Cosine and direction ratio's of a line (3) (a) Direction cosine of
a l ine has the same meaning as d.c's ofa vector. Any three numbers a, b, c prop
orti onal to the direction cosines are called the direction ratios i.e. I _ m _
n _ 1 a b c _ Va2+b2+c2 same sign either +ve or -ve should be taken through out.
note that d.r's of a line joining x,, y,, z, and x 2 , y 2 , z2 are proportiona
l to x 2 - x, , y, - y, and z2 - z, (b) If 9 is the angle between the two lines
whose d .c's are /,, m,, n, and l 2 , m 2 , n2 cos9 = /, /2 + m ; m2 + n ; n2 he
nce if l ines are perpendicular then /, l2 + m, m2 + nj n2 =0 U= m i = ni n if l
ines are parallel then l2 m 2 n 2 (x y,,z,) h ml ni note that if three lines are
coplanar then (4) B (i) (ii) h h m2 m3 n y2 .zb) 2 =0 n3
d.c's I, m, n Projection of the join of two points on a line with d.c's /, m, n

are / (x2 - x, ) + m(y2 - y,) + n(z2 - z,) PLANE General equation of degree one
in x, y, z i.e. ax + by + cz + d = 0 represents a plane. Equation of a plane pas
sing through (x ,, y,, z,) is a (x - x,) + b (y - y,) + c (z - z,) = 0 where a,
b, c are the dir ection ratios of the normal to the p l a n e . Equation of a pl
ane if its interc epts on the co-ordinate axes are xl, y,, z, is x y z h + =1 x i
Yi z i Classes Vec tors [8/ (iii) Bansal
(iv) (v) Equation of a plane if the length of the perpendicular from the origin
on the jJ ane is p and d.c's ofthe perpendicular as /, m,, n is /x + my + nz = p
Parallel and perpendicular planes - Two planes aj x + bj y + CjZ + d} = 0 and a
,x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 are perpendicular if a} a7 + bj b, + Cj c2 = 0 parallel
if coincid ent if a, b, _ c, and d2 a2"b2"c2 (vi) Angle between a plane and a li
ne is the compliment of the angle between the norm al to the plane and the .. Li
ne : r = a + A,b then Une.lt pi a n e : f . n = d c os(90-9)= sinG = b.n 'line 9
plane bl.lnl" where 6 is the angle between the line and normal to the plane. (v
ii) / Length of the perpendicular from a point (Xj, y,, z^ to a plane ax + by +
cz + d = 0 is axj + byj + czj + d / , b . 2 yj a2 +,2 + c (viii) Distance betwee
n two parallel planes ax + by + cz + dj = 0 and ax + by + cz + d2 = 0 is l"d2 V
a + b 2 +c 2 2 d (ix) Planes bisecting the angle between two planes a,x + b,y +
CjZ + dj = 0 and a2 + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 Vai +
b f + c f + a 2 x + b2y + c2z + d 2 ^ a 2 +T L>2c? 12 b? + T Of these two bisect
ing planes, one bisects the acute an d the other obtuse angle between the given
planes. (X) C (i) Equation of a plane through the intersection of two planes P,
and P2 is given by P( + XP2 = 0 STRAI GHT LINE IN SPACE Equation of a line throu
gh A (Xj, y t , z,) and having directi on cosines I ,m, n are x - x 1 = y - y 1
= z-zi I m n and the lines through (x,, y, ,z,) and (x2, y2 ,z2) X-XI z-z. y-yi
2~ X 1 Y2~y\ Z 2~ Z 1 Intersection of t wo planes ajX + b,y + c t z + d, = 0 and
a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 together repre sent the unsymmetrical form of the stra
ight line. x-xj _ y-yj _ z-zj is General equation of the plane containing the li
ne / m n A (x - x^ + B(y - y}) + c (z - z ) = 0 where Al + bm + cn = 0 . Vectors
X (ii) (iii) &Bansal Classes [9]
LINE OF GREATEST SLOPE AB is the line of intersection of G-plane and H is the ho

rizontal plane. Line of greatest slope on a given plane, drawn through a given
p oint on the plane, is the line through the point 'P' perpendicular to the line
o f intersetion of the given plane with any horizontal plane. EXERCISE-I Q.l If
a&b are non collinear vectors such that, p = (x + 4y)a + (2x + y + l)b & q = (
y - 2 x + 2)a + ( 2 x - 3 y - l ) b .find x&ysuchthat 3p = 2q. Q.2 (a) (b) Show
that the points a - 2b + 3c;2a + 3b - 4 c & - 7 b + 10c are collinear. Pro ve th
at the points A=(1,2,3), B (3,4,7), C (-3 ,-2,-5) are collinear &findthe ra tio
in which B divides AC. Q.3 Points X & Y are taken on the sides QR & RS, respecti
vely of a parallelogram PQR S, so that QX = 4XR & RY = 4 YS. The line XY cuts th
e line PR at Z. Prove that P Z = PR. {25 J Find out whether the following pairs
of lines are parallel, non-pa rallel & intersecting, or non-parallel & non-inter
secting. (i) i- = i + j + 2k + A (3i - 2j + 4k) . . . . \ . . r 2 =2i + j + 3k +
p. (-6i + 4 j - 8 k ) r, = i + k + X (i + 3j + 4k) r2 =2i + 3j + p (4i - j + k)
(n) i = i - j + 3k + X (i - j + k) / - h = 2i + 4j + 6k + p (2i + j + 3k) (2\~\
Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Let OACB be paralelogram with O at the origin & OC a diagonal.
Let D be the mid point of OA. Using vector method prove that BD & CO intersect i
n the same ratio. Determine this ratio. Aline EF drawn parallel to the base BC o
f a AABC meets AB & AC in F & E respectively. BE & CF meet in L. Use vectors to
show that AL bise cts BC. 'O'is the origin of vectors and A is a fixed point on
the circle of radi us'a'with centre O. The vector OA is denoted by a. A variable
point 'P' lies on the tangent at A & OP = r. Showthat a.r =|a| .Hence if P = (x
,y) & A s (x19y,) d educe the equation of tangent at Ato this circle. Q.8 (a) (b
) By vector method prove that the quadrilateral whose diagonals bisect each othe
r at right angles isarhombous. By vector method prove that the right bisectors o
f the sides of a triangle are concurrent. Q.9 The resultant of two vectors a&b i
s perpendicular to a. If |b| = V2|a| show that the resultant of 2a & b is perpen
dicular to b. Q-10 and De(l -1.2) respectively. If vectors of theAb)= (a'c); (a^
) = z);aBd=(a j - i 2z, 3x); C = (2z, 3x,y, z. a, b, c and d are the position |
a | = 2sl3.; ( a points A=(x, y, \ n (y, ) s obtuse, thenfindx, - y) Bansal Clas
ses Vectors [10 ]
Q.ll If r and s are non zero constant vectors and the scalar b is chosen such th
at | r + b s | is minimum, then show that the value of jbsj2 +1 r + bs |2 is equ
al to | f | 2 . Q.12 Use vectors to prove that the diagonals of a trapezium havi
ng equal non par allel sides are equal & conversely. Q. 13 (a) Find a unit vecto
r a which makes a n angle (rc/4) with axis of z & is such that a+i + j is a unit
vector. L ( af_ a bl (b) Prove that 2 1 b IJ I?' Q.14 Given four non zero vecto
rs a, b, c and d. The vectors a, b & c are coplanar but not collinear pair by pa
ir and vector d is not coplanar with vectors a ,b & c and (ab) = (be) = , (da) =
a, (db) = P then p rove that ( d c) = cos-1 (cos P - cos a ) . Q.15 (a) (b) Use
vectors to find the acute angle between the diagonals ofa cube. Prove cosine & p
roj ection rule in a triangle by using dot product. A A A _A 'b J Q.16 In the pl
ane of a triangle ABC, squares ACXY, BC WZ are described, in the o rder given, e
xternally to the triangle on AC & BC respectively. Given that CX = b, CA = a , C
W = x, CB = y Prove that a.y + x.b = 0. Deduce that AW.BX=0. Q.17 A A OAB is rig
ht angled at O ; squares OALM & OBPQ are constructed on the sides O A and OB ext
ernally. Show that the lines AP & BL intersect on the altitude throu gh 'O'. Q.1
8 Given that u = i - 2 j + 3k ;v = 2i + j + 4k ;w = i + 3j + 3k and ( u R -10)i
+ (v R - 20) j + (w R - 20)k = 0. Find the unknown vector R . Q.19 IfO is origin
ofreference, point A( a) ; B(b);C(c) ; D(a + b);E(b + c);F(c + a);G(a + b + c)
where / \ / / V > V / \ A / / V V a = aji + a 2 j + a 3 k ; b = b1i + b 2 j + b3
k and c = c } i+ c 2 j + c3k then prove that these points are vertices of a cube
having length of its edge equal to unity provided the matrix. a, a 2 a 3 b i b
2 b 3 C, C2 C3^ is orghogonal. Also find the length XY such that X is the point
of intersection of CM and GP; Y is the point of intersection of OQ and DN where
P, Q, M, N are respectivel y the midpoint of sides CF, BD, GF and OB. Q.20 (a) (
b) Q.21 (a) (b) If a + b + c = 0 , showthat axb=bxc=cxa . Deduce the Sine rule f
ora AABC. IfA, B, C, D are any 4 points in space, prove that ABx CD + BCx AD+ CA
x BD =4 (area of triangle A BC). Determine vector of magnitude 9 which is perpen
dicular to both the vectors: 4 i - j + 3k & - 2 i + j - 2 k fn sq. units. A tria
ngle has vertices (1,1,1);(2 ,2,2),(1, l,y) and has the area equal to csc v4 j F
ind the value of y. Probabili ty [486]
<!Bansal Classes
Q.22 The internal bisectors of des in D, E, F; use vectors to by (2abc) A (a + b

) (b + c) (c w h e r e A is t h e a r e a o "
the angles of a triangle ABC meet the opposite si prove that the area of the tri
angle DEF is given + a) axb + bxd + dxa (b-a).(d-a) f t h e triangle
Q.23 If a ,b ,c ,d arc position vectors of the vertices of a cyclic quadrilatera
l ABCD prove that: bxc + cxd + dxb (b-c).(d-c) =0 Q.24 The length ofthe edge of
the regular tetrahedron D-ABC is'a'. Point E and Fa re taken on the edges AD and
BD respectively such that E divides DA and F divide s BD in the ratio 2:1 each.
Thenfindthe area of triangle CEF. Q.25 If the point R(r) is on the line, which
is parallel to the vector, a i + b j + ck (where a, b , c * 0) and passing throu
gh the point S (s), then prove that, ? x (a i + b j + c kj = s * (a i + b j -f c
k]. Further if, T (t) is a point outside the given lin e then show that the dist
ance of the line from the point T (t) is given by, (t-s ).(cj-bk)" + (t-s).(ak-c
i) /a 2 + b2 + c2 + ( t - s ) . (b i - a jj EXERCISE-II Q.l _ 1 A(a) ; B(b); C(c
) are the vertices ofthe triangle ABC such that a = - ( 2 i - r - 7 k ) ; b = 3r
+ j - 4 k ; c = 22i -11 j - 9r A vector p = 2j - k is s uch that (? + p) is par
allel to i and (f - 2i) is parallel to p. Show that there exists a point D(d) on
the line AB with d = 2 t i + ( l - 2 t ) j + (t-4)k .Als o find the shortest di
stance CfromAB. The position vectors of the points A, B, C are respectively (1,1
,1); (1, -1,2); (0,2, -1). Find a unit vector parallel to the plane determined b
y ABC & perpendicular to the vector (1,0,1). Let (a,-a)2 ( b,-a)2 (c,-a)z (a,-b)
2 (b,-b)2 (Cj-b) z (a,-c) (b, - c ) = 0 and if the vectors a = i + aj + a 2 k; (
3 = i + bj + b 2 k; ( C l -C) 2 Q.2 Q.3 y = j + c j + c2^ are non coplanar, show
that the vectors dj = i +a,j + af k;p, = i + b,j + b, k and y, = i + Cj j + c 2
k are coplaner. Q. 4 (i) Given non zero number x,, x2, x 3 ; y,, y2, y3 and z,,
z2 and z3 such that Xj > 0 and y; < 0 f or all i = 1,2, 3. Can the given number
s satisfy x]x2+y1y2+z1z2=0 1 x 2 x3 y 2 y 3 =0 and x 2 x 3 +y 2 y 3 +z 2 z 3 =0
Yi z l Z2 Z3 IfP = (x, , x2, x 3 ); Q (y ] , y2, y3) and O (0,0,0) can the trian
gle POQ be a right angled triangle? X <!Bansal Classes Probability [12]
Q.5 The pv's of the four angular points of a tetrahedron are: A (j + 2k) ; B (3
i + kj ; C (4i + 3j + 6kj & D(2i+3j + 2k).Find: (i) the perpendicular distancefr
omA to the line BC. (ii) the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD. (iii) the perpendic
ular distance from D to the plane ABC. (iv) the shortest distance between the li
nes AB & CD. Q.6 The length ofan edge ofa cube ABCDA.B^jDj is equal to unity. Ap
ointE taken on th e edge AA, is AE the cube, indtl le shortest distance of the v
ertex B,fromthe pl ane of the A OjEF. such that - 1 . Apoint F is taken on the ed
ge BC such that BF = ~ . If Oj is the centre of Q.7 Q. 8 Thevector OP = i + 2j +
tive x-axis on the way. which the line AB cuts - 4 j + 4k, d = 2 i - 2 Q.9 If a
= aji + a 2 j + a 3 k ; b = b,i + b 2 j + b3k and c = c,i + c 2 j + c3k the n s
how that the value of the a-i a-j a-k scalar triple product [ na + b nb + c n c
+ a] is (n 3 +1) b-i b-j b-k c i c-j c-k Q.10 Find the scalars a & p if Sx(bxc)
+ (a.b)b = (4-2p-sina)b + (p2 - l)c & (c. c)5 = c while b & c are non zero non c
ollinear vectors. Q.ll Ifthe vectors b,c,d are not coplanar, then prove that the
vector (a x b) x (c x d) + (a x c) x (d x b) + (a x d) x (b x c) is parallel to
a . Q.12 a , b, c are non-coplanar unit v ectors. The angle between b & c is a,
between c & a is P and between a & b is y . If A (a cosa), B (b cosp), C (c cos
y), then show that in AABC, a x | b x c)| s inA n |b x (c x a)j sinB Jc x â x b
| sinC ]~[ ja x (b x c)| sina cosp cosy n,) where bxc . _ cxa axb i " 1 7 ' n2
- p^ & n, = cxa bx c axb Q.13 Given that a,b,p,q are four vectors such that a + b
= pp,b.q = 0& ( b ) 2 = l , where p is a scalar then prove that |(a.q )p - (p.q
)a |= |p.q |. Q.14 Show that a = px(qxr) ; b = q x ( r x p ) & c = r x ( p x q
) represents the sid es of a triangle. Further prove that a unit vector perpendi
cular to the plane of 2k turns through a right angle, passing through the posi F
ind the vector in its new position. Find the point R in the plane CDE where a =
i + 2j + k, b= 2i + j + 2k, c j + 2k & e = 4i + j + 2k-
this triangle is n,tan(pAq) + n2tan(qAr) + ri3tan(rAp) where a, b, c, p, q are n

on zero vectors and jn, tan(pAq) + n2 tan(qAr) + n3 tan(r Ap)| r- p,q,r are mut
ually perpendicular & n, = pxq . ; n = jzzr & n - rxp ,, , qxr . no two of 2 3 x
rx Pi qxr P q <!Bansal Classes Probability [13]
Q.15 Let p, q, ? be three mutually perpendicular vectors of the same magnitude.

If a vector x satisfies the equation p x ((* - q)x p) + q x ((* - f )x q) + r x
((x - p)x f ) = 0. Then find the vector x in terms of P, q, r . Q.16 Let a = cxi
+ 2 j - 3 k , b = i + 2 a j - 2 k andc = 2i - a ] + k. Find the value(s) ofa, i
f any, such that 0a x bj x ^b x cj! x (c x a) =0. Find the vecto r product when
a = 0. Q.17 Prove the result (Lagrange's identity) (p x q) (r x s ) = p.r p.s &
use it to prove the following. Let q.r q.s (ab)denote the plane formed by the li
nes a,b. If (ab) is perpendicular to (cd) a nd (ac) is perpendicular to (bd) pro
ve that (ad) is perpendicular to (bc). Q.18 (a) (b) If px + (xxg) = b;(p*0) prov
e that x = b +(b ' ? 5 ~? p ( b x 5 ) P(P" + a ) Solve the following equation fo
r the vector p ; pxa + (p.bjc = bxc where a, b, c are non zero non coplanar vect
ors and a is neither perpendicular to b nor to c , hence show that pxa + abc a.c
is perpendicular to b - c. Q.19 Find a vector v which is coplanar with the vect
ors i + j - 2 k & i - 2 j + k and is orthogonal to the vector-2i + j + k. Itis g
iven that the proj ection of v along the vector i - j + k is equal to 6 73 . Q.2
0 Consider the non zero vecto rs a, b, c & d such that no three of which are cop
lanar then prove that b5d + c|abdj = a cd + d a b c . Hence prove that a, b, c &
d represent the position vectors of bed + abd acd + abc the vertices of a plane
quadrilateral if and only if Q.21 =1 . The base vectors a1,a2,a3 are given in t
erms of base vectors b p b 2 ,b 3 as, aj = 2b, +3b 2 - b 3 ; a 2 = b, - 2b2 + 2b
3 & a 3 = -2b, + b2 - 2b3 . If F = 3b, b2 + 2b 3 , then express F in terms of a,
,a 2 & a 3 . Q.22 (i) (ii) If A (a) ; B(bj & C(c) are three non collinear points
, then for any point P(p) in the plane of the AABC , prove that; abc axb + bxc
+ cxa The vector v perpendicular to the plane of the triangle ABC drawn from the
origi n 'O' is given by = ) abc (axb + bxc + cxa) where A is the vector area of
the triangle ABC. 4A
<!Bansal Classes Probability [14]
Q.23 Given the points P (1,1, -1), Q (1,2,0) and R (-2,2,2). Find (a) (b) PQxPR
Equat ion of the plane in (i) scalar dot product form (ii) parametric form (iii)
carte sian form (iv) if the plane through PQR cuts the coordinate axes at A, B,
C then the area ofthe AABC Q.24 Let a,b & c be non coplanar unit vectors, equal
ly inclined to one another a t an angle 9. If axb + bxc = pa + qb + rc . Find sc
alars p , q & r in terms of9. Q.25 Solve the simultaneous vector equations for t
he vectors x and y. x+cxy=a a nd y + c x x=b where c is a non zero vector. EXERC
ISE-III Q.l Q. 2 Find the angle between the two straight lines whose direction c
osines / , m, n are given by 2/ + 2 m - n = 0 and mn + n/ + /m = 0. If two strai
ght line having direction cosines I, m, n satisfy al + bm + cn = 0 and f m n + g
n / + h / m = 0 f g h are perpendicular, then show that + + =0. a b c Pisanypoi
nton thep lane/x+my+nz=p.ApointQtakenonthelineOP (where O is the origin) such th
at OP. OQ = p2. Show that the locus of Q is p( lx + my + nz) = x2 + y2 + z2. Fin
d the equa tion of the plane through the points (2,2,1), (1, -2,3) and parallel
to the x-ax is. Through a point P (f, g, h), a plane is drawn at right angles to
OP where 'O ' is the origin, to meet the r5 coordinate axes in A, B, C. Prove t
hat the area of the triangleABC is 2f gh w ^ e r e OP = rThe plane lx + my = 0 i
s rotated abo ut its line of intersection with the plane z-0 through an angle 9.
Prove that th e equation to the plane in new position is lx + my + zVl2 + m2 ta
n 9 = 0 Q. 7 Fi nd the equations of the straight line passing through the point
(1,2,3) to inter sect the straight line x + l = 2 ( y - 2 ) = z + 4 and parallel
to the plane x + 5y + 4z = 9. Find the equations of the two lines through the o
rigin which inter sect the line n angle of - . x-3 y-3 z ^ = =y at an Q.3 Q.4 Q.5
Q. 6 Q.8 Q.9 A variable plane is at a constant distance pfromthe origin and meet
s the coordin ate axes in points A, B and C respectively. Through these points,
planes are dra wn parallel to the coordinates planes. Find the locus of their po
int of intersec tion. x+2 2y+ 3 3z + 4 = = - measured parallel to Q.10 Find the dist
ance of the point P (- 2,3, - 4)fromthe line the plane 4x + 12 y- 3z + 1 = 0. <!B
ansal Classes Probability [490]
Q.ll Find the equation to the line passing through the point (1, -2, -3) and par
allel to the line 2x + 3y - 3z + 2 = 0 = 3x - 4y + 2z ~ 4. Q.12 Find the equatio
n of the line passing through the point (4, -14,4) and inte rsecting the line of
intersection ofthe planes: 3x + 2 y - z = 5 and x - 2 y - 2 z = - l at right an
gles. Q.13 Let P = (1,0,- 1); Q = (l, 1, l)andR = (2,1,3) ar e three points. (a)
Find the area of the triangle having P, Q and R as its verti ces. (b) Give the
equation of the plane through P, Q and R in the form ax + by + cz = 1. (c) Where
does the plane in part (b) intersect the y-axis. (d) Give par ametric equations
for the line through R that is perpendicular to the plane in p art (b). Q.14 Fi
nd the point where the line of intersection of the planes x - 2y + z = 1 and x +
2y - 2z = 5, intersects the plane 2x + 2y + z + 6 = 0. Q.15 Fee t ofthe perpend
icular drawnfromthe point P (2,3, -5) on the axes of coordinates are A, B and C.
Find the equation of the plane passing through their feet and th e area of AABC
. Q.16 Find the equations to the line which can be drawn from the point (2, -1,3
) perpendicular to the lines x1 y-2 z-3 x-4 y z+3 . , = = and = y = at right angle
s. x1 Q.17 Find the equation ofthe plane containing the straight li ne = plane x
- y + z + 2 = 0. y+2 z =and perpendicular to the x+l y-p z+2 x y-1 z+ 7 . , Q.18
Find the value of p so that the lines -- = = and 1 = = are in the same D Z* I
For this value of p, find the coordinates of the ir point of intersection and t
he equation ofthe plane containing them. Q. 19 Fin d the equations to the line o
f greatest slope through the point (7,2, -1) in the plane x - 2y + 3z = 0 assumi
ng that the axes are so placed that the plane 2x + 3y - 4z = 0 is horizontal. Q.
20 Let ABCD be a tetrahedron such that the edges AB , AC and AD are mutually per
pendicular. Let the area of triangles ABC, ACD and A DB be denoted by x, y and z
sq. units respectively. Find the area of the triangl e BCD. Q.21 The position v
ectors of the four angular points of a tetrahedron OAB C are (0,0,0); (0,0,2); (
0, 4, 0) and (6,0,0) respectively. Apoint P inside the tetrahedron is at the sam
e distance 'r'fromthe four plane faces of the tetrahedr on. Find the value of V.
x + 6 y + 10 z + 14 _ = - = - is the hypotenuse of an isosc eles right angled trian
gle whose opposite 5 3 8 vertex is (7,2,4). Find the equa tion of the remaining
sides. Q.22 The line Q.23 Find the foot and hence the length of the perpendicula
r from the point (5, 7, 3) to the line x-15 y - 2 9 5-z - = ~ = - r - . Alsofindthe
equation ofthe plane in which the perpendicular and the given 3 8 5 straight lin
e lie. x1 y-2 z+3 Q.24 Find the equation of the line which is reflection of the l
ine == in the plane 3 x - 3 y + 10z = 26. x - l y z . x - 3 _ y _ z-2 Q. 2 5 Find the
equation ofthe plane containing the line = - and parallel to the line ^ 4 Find a
lso the S.D. between the two lines. <!Bansal Classes Probability [16]
EXERCISE-IV > Q.l (a) Let OA=a, 0B=l()a+2b and OC=b where O.A&C are non-collinear p
oints. Let p denote the area of the quadrilateral OABC, and let q denote the are
a of the pa rallelogram with OA and OC as adjacent sides. If p = kq, then k = .
(b) If A, B& C are vectors such that |B| = |C| , Prove that ; ( a + B)X(a+C)1 x
(BXC).(B+C) = 0 [ JEE' 97,2 + 5 ] Q.2(a) Vectors x,y&z each of magnitude -J2, ma
ke angles of 60 with each other. If xx(yxz) = a,yx(zxx) = b and xxy = c thenfmd x
, y and z intermsof a, b and c(b) T he position vectors of the points P&Qare 5i
+ 7 j - 2 k and - 3 i + 3 j + 6 k re spectively. The vector A = 3 i - j + k pass
es through the point P & the vector B = - 3 i + 2 j + 4 k passes through the poi
nt Q. A third vector 2i + 7 j - 5 k i ntersects vectors A&B. Find the position v
ectors of the points of intersection. [ REE' 97, 6 + 6 ] Q. 3 (a) Select the cor
rect alternative(s) A A A A A A A A A f (i) I f a = i + j + k,b = 4 i + 3 j + 4k
and c = i + j + Bk are linearly depend ent vectors & |cj =V3 , then: (A) a = 1,
p = - 1 (B) a = 1, p = 1 (C) < = - l , p =1 (D)a = l , p = l x (ii) For three vect
ors u, v, w which ofthe following expre ssions is not equal to any of the remain
ing three? (A) u . ( v x w ) (B)(v x w ) . u (C)v.(uxw) (D)(uxv).w (iii) Which o
fthe following expressions are meaningfu l ? (A)u.(vxw) (B) (u. v ) . w (C) (u.
v) w (D)ux(v.w) (b) Prove, by vector methods or otherwise, that the point of int
ersection of the diagonals of a trapezeum lies on the line passing through the m
id-points ofthe parallel sides. (You may assume that the trapezeum is not a para
llelogram.) (c) For any two vectors u & v, prove that (i) (u.v)2 +|uxv| 2 = ju|2
|v|2 & (ii) (l + |u| 2 )(l+|v| 2 ) = (1-U.v)2 + |U + v+(Uxv)| 2 [ JEE ' 9 8 , 2
+ 2 + 2 + 8 + 8] A A A Q.4(a) If x x y = a, y x z = b, x.b = y, x.y = l and y.z
= l thenfmd x,y &z inte rmsof a, b and y > A A A ^ (b) Vectors AB = 3i - j + k &
CD = - 3 i + 2 j + 4k are not coplanar. The positi on vectors of points A and C
are 6i + 7 j + 4k and - 9 j + 2k respectively. Find the position vectors of a p
oint P on the line AB & a point Q on the line CD suc h that PQ is perpendicular
to AB and CD both. [ REE' 98 , 6 + 6 ] Q.5 (a) Let a = 2i + j - 2 k & b = i + j.
If c is a vector such that a - c = | c | , ] c - a | = 2^2 and the angle betwee
n (axb) and c is30, then (axb)xc = (A) 2/3 Bansal Clas ses (B) 3/2 (C) 2 Vectors
(D) 3 [17]
(b) Let g=2i+j+k, b = i + 2 j - k and a unit vector c be coplanar. If 5 is perpe

ndicular to a, then c (A) - j . ( - ] + k) (B) j . (-i - 1 - k) (C) J L (i - 2
j ) (D) ^ (i - j - k) (c) Let a & b be two non-collinear unit vectors. If u = a
- (a . bj b & v = a x b, then |v| is: (A) |u| (B) |u| + |u.a| (C) |u| + |u . bj
(D) u + C . (a + b) (d) Let u & v be unit vectors. If w is a vector such that w
+ (w x u) = v , then prove that | (u x v). w | < ^ and the equality holds if and
only if u is perpen dicular to v . [ JEE '99, 2 + 2 + 3 + 10, out of 200 ] Q.6(
a) Air arc AC ofa cir cle subtends a right angle at the centre O. The point B di
vides the arc in the r atio 1 : 2. If OA = a & OB = b , then calculate OC in ter
ms of a & b . (b) If a , b, c are non-coplanar vectors and d is a unit vector, t
hen find the value of, (a.d)(bx5) + (b.d)(cx5) + (5.d)(Sxb) independent of d . Q
.7 (a) Select the corre ct alternative: (A) a . b + b . c + c . a = 0 ( C ) a .
b = b . c = c.a (B)axb = b x c = c x a (D) a x b + b x c + c x a = [REE'99,6 + 6
] (i) If the vectors a , b & c form the sides BC, C A & AB respectively of a tri
an gle ABC, then 0 (ii) Let the vectors a , b, c & d be such that (a x b )x (c x
d) = 0 .Let P, & P 2 be planes determined by the pairs of vectors a , b & c,d r
espectively. Then th e angle between P, and P2 is: (A) 0 (B) 7 i / 4 (C) 7T/3 (4
) tx/2 (iii) If a , b & c are unit coplanar vectors, then the scalar triple prod
uct 2a-b (A) 0 (b) 2b -c 2c-a (C) - V3 (D) 73 [ JEE ,2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 + 1
out of 35 ] (B) 1 Let ABC and PQR be any two triangles in the same plane. Assume
that the perpendi cularsfromthe points A, B, C to the sides QR, RP, PQ respecti
vely are concurrent . Using vector methods or otherwise, prove that the perpendi
culars from P, Q, R to BC, CA, AB respectively are also concurrent. [ JEE '2000
(Mains) 10 out of 10 0 ] If a = i + j - k , b - i + 2j + 2k & c = - i + 2 j - k
, find a unit vector normal to the vectors a + b and b - c. Given that vectors a
& b are perpendicula r to each other, find vector 6 in terms of a & b satisfyin
g the equations, 6 . 5 = 0 , 6 b = 1 and J o , a , b = 1 Q.8 (i) (ii) <!Bansal Cl
asses Probability [18]
(iii) a , b & c are three unit vectors such that a x (^b x cj = - (b + cj . Find
angle between vectors a & b given that vectors b & c are non-parallel. (iv) A p
article is placed at a corner P of a cube of side 1 meter. Forces of magnitud es
2,3 and 5 kg weight act on the particle along the diagonals of the faces pass i
ng through the point P. Find the moment of these forces about the corner opposi
te to P . [ REE '2000 (Mains) 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 out of 100 ] Q.9(a) The diagonals of
a parallelogram are i - 4 j - k Determine its sides and also that a, b, c are al
l non-zero and (~4i + 5 c - X (ai + bj + ck) [ REE '2001 (Mains) 3 given by vect
ors 2i + 3 j - 6 k and 3 the area, (b) Find the value of X such j ja + (3i - 3 j
+ k)b + (i + j + 3k) + 3]
Q,10(a) Find the vector r which is perpendicular to g = i - 2 j + 5k and b=2i +
3 j - k and r (2i + j + k) +8 = 0. A A A A A A (b) Two vertices of a triangle ar
e at - i + 3 j and 2i + 5 j and its orthocentre is at i + 2 j. Find the position
vector of third vertex. [ REE '2001 (Mains) 3 + 3] Q. 11 (a) If a, b and c are
unit vectors, then a - b (A) 4 (B) 9 (b) Let a = i - k , b = xi + j + ( l - x)k
(A) only x (B)onlyy + b-c a n d c = yi + + |c-a| 2 does NOT exceed (C) 8 <D)6 x
j + (l + x - y ) k - T h e n [a, b, c] de pends on (C) NEITHER x NOR y (D) both
x and y [ JEE '2001 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35] Q. 12(a) Show by vector methods
, that the angular bisectors of a triangle are co ncurrent and find an expressio
n for the position vector of the point of concurre ncy in terms of the position
vectors of the vertices. (b) Find 3-dimensional vec tors v,, v 2 , v3 satisfying
v, v, = 4, v, v2 = -2, v, v3 = 6, v2 v2 = 2, v2 v3 = -5, v3 v3 = 29. (c) Let A(
t) = f, (t)i + f 2 (t)j and B(t) = g, (t)i + g2 (t)j, t e [0,1], where f,, f2, g
,, g2 are continuous functions. If A(t) and B(t)are nonzero vectors fo r all t a
nd A(0) = 2 i + 3 j , A(l) = 6i + 2j, B(0)= 3i + 2j and B(l) = 2i + 6j, then sho
wthat A(t) and B(t) are parallel for some t. [ JEE '2001 (Mains) 5 + 5 + 5 out o
f 100 ] Q.l 3(a) If a and b are two unit vectors such that a +2b and 5 a - 4 b a
re perpendicular to each other then the angle between a and b is (A) 45 A A A (B)
60 _ A A (I) (C)cos-1 (D)cos , _ 2 (b) Let V = 2i + j - k and W = i + 3k. If u i
s a unit vector, then the maximum v alue of the scalar triple product [U V W is
(A)-l <!Bansal Classes (B) 7l0 + V6 ( ) 5 CV 9 Probability (D) V 0 6 [JEE 2002(Sc
reening), 3 + 3] [19]
Q.14 Let V be the volume of the parallelopiped formed by the vectors a =a,i + a
2 j + a 3 k, b =bji + b2 j+b 3 k, c =c j + c2 j+c 3 k. If a , b , c , where r =
1, 2, 3, are non-negative real numbers and (ar + br + c r ) = 3L, show that V <
L3. 3 [JEE 2002(Mains), 5] Q.15 If a = i + aj +k , b = j +ak , c = ai +k, then f
ind the value of 'a' for wh ich volume of parallelopiped formed by three vectors
as coterminous edges, is mi nimum, is 1 1 1 (C) (D)none (A)^ (B)--JJ V3 [JEE 200
3(Scr.), 3] Q.16 (i) Find the equation ofthe plane passing through the points (2
,1,0),(5,0, l)and(4,1,1). (ii ) If P is the point (2,1,6) then find the point Q
such that PQ is perpendicular to the plane in (i) and the mid point of PQ lies o
n it. [ JEE 2003,4 out of 60] v andw , w and u respectively and x , y , z are un
it vectors along the bisectors of the angles a r_ _ 1r -\ 2 2 l r1 I 2l 27 2 PP a
, P, y respectively. Prove tha t [xxy y xz z x x j =[u v wj c sec sec . sec sec sec 16 Q.17 If u , v , w are three non-coplanar unit vectors and a, P, y are the
angles between u and v , 2 2 2. 2 L [JEE 2003,4 out of 60] x - 1 y+1 z - 1 x-3
y-k z Q. 18(a) If the lines y = - y = and = = y intersect, then k = (A) | (B)| (C)
0 (D)-l (b) A unit vector in the plane of the vectors 2i + j + k, i - j + k and
orthogon al to 5i + 2 j + 6k 6i-5k A A 3j k 2i-5k A A 2i + j - 2 k A A A (c) If a
= i + j + k , a-b = 1 and 5xb = j-k,then b = (A) i (B) i - j + k (C) 2j k (D) 2
i [JEE 2004 (screening)] and axc = bxd. Show that Q.l9(a) Let a, b, c, d are fou
r distinct vectors satisfying axb = cxd a-b + c - d ^ a - c + b-d. (b) T is a pa
rallelopiped in which A, B, C and D are vertices of one face. And the face just
above it has corresponding vertices A', B', C', D'. T is now compressed to S wit
h face ABCD remaining same and A', B', C ', D' shifted to A., B., C D. in S. The
volume of parallelopiped S is reduced to
90% of T. Prove that locus ofA. is a plane. (c) Let P be the plane passing throu
gh (1,1,1) and parallel to the lines L, and L2 having direction ratios 1,0, -1
a nd -1,1,0 respectively. IfA, B and C are the points at which P intersects the
co ordinate axes, find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are A, B, C
and the origin. [JEE 2004,2 + 2+ 2outof60] <!Bansal Classes Probability [20]
Q.20(a) If a, b, c are three non-zero, non-coplanar vectors and , b, = b + - - a

, 2 Ia| | a |2 c-a - b-c - - c-a c Ta + r-b, '' | a| then the set of orthogonal
vectors is (A) (a, bj, c 3 ) c, =c bj-c = |bj| 2 '' ^ c-a _ b-c r c - T a + r2b .
bc ,4 2 3 b-c r ^ 2 b1. |b| (C) (a, b p c j (D) (a, b 2 , c j
b, = b - - ^ - a c 2 = 2 2 Ia| |c| (B)(5,bj,c 2 ) =c 2 |c| |c| c-a _ |c|
(b) A variable plane at a distance of 1 unit from the origin cuts the co-ordinat
e axes at A, B and C. If the centroid D (x, y, z) of triangleABC satisfies the
r elation - y + j + ~y = k, then the value of k is x y z (A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D)
9 [JEE 2005 (Screening), 3] (c) Find the equation of the plane containing the li
ne 2x-y + z - 3 = 0,3x+y + z = 5 and at a distance of 1 ^ from the point (2,1,-1
). (d) Incident ray is along the unit vector v and the reflected ray is along th
e unit vector w. The normal is along unit vector a outwards. Express w in terms
of a and v. vN mmmmMfmmuum [ JEE 2005 (Mains), 2 + 4 out of 60 ] Q.21(a) A plane
passes through (1,-2, 1) and is perpendicular to two planes 2x 2y + z = 0 and x
- y + 2z = 4. The distance of the plane from the point (1,2,2) is (A)0 (B)l (C)
4 1 (D) 2 V2 (b) Let a = i + 2 j + k , b = i - j + k and c = i + j - k A vector
in the plane of a and b whose projection - . 1 . on c is p=, is V3 (A) 4 i - j +
4k (B) 3i + j - 3 k (C) 2 i + j - 2 k (D) 4 i + j - 4 k [JEE 2 006,3 marks each
] (c) Let A be vector parallel to line of intersection of planes P j and P9 thro
ugh origin. P, is parallel to the A /V /\ /V a a a a vectors 2 j + 3 k and 4 j 3 k and P2 is parallel to j - k and 3 i + 3 j , then the angle between vector A
and 21 + j - 2 k is ,. s n (A) 2 4 n 6 3n T [JEE 200 6,5] (C) (D) Bansal Classe
s Vectors [21]
(d) Match the following (i) Two rays in the first quadrant x + y = | a | and ax
- y = 1 intersects each other in the interval a (a0, co), the value of a0 is (ii
) Point (a, (3, y) lies on the plane x + y + z = 2. Let a (A) 2 (B) 4/3 i (C) j
V l - x d x + o 1 + x dx = ai + P j + y k , k x ( k x a ) = 0, then y = <5? 0 1
J(l-y 2 )dy + J(y 2 -l)dy (iii) l 0 (iv) If sinA sinB sinC + cos A cosB = 1, th
en the value of sin C = (e) Match the following / 1x 1 = t , then tan t = (i) Xt
an--1 i=l v2i2 j (D)l [JEE 2006,6] (ii) Sides a, b, c of a triangle ABC are in A
.P. and cos9, = b+c , cos02 = , cos G3 = a+c a+b (A)0 9 0-, 9 0, then tan + tan
= 2 2 (iii) A line is perpendicular to x + 2y + 2z = 0 and passes through (0,1,0
). The perpendicular distance of this line from the or igin is (B)l V5 3 (D) 2/3
(C) [JEE 2006,6] <!Bansal Classes Probability [22]
ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Q. 1 Q.4 Q.5 Q.13 Q.19 x = 2 , y = -1 Q.2 (b) externally i
n the ratio 1:3 (i) pa rallel (ii) the lines intersect at the point p.v.-2? + 2]
(iii) lines are skew 2 :1 Q.7 xxj + y y ^ a 2 Q.10 x = 2,y = - 2 , z = 1 1 1 (a
)yi-~j+-^k -s/lT ^ ,, Q. 21 Q.15 1 (a)arccosQ.18 - i + 2j + 5k 5a? ^sq.units ~ \ ,,. ^ , (a) 3 ( i - 2 j -k2k), (b) y = 3 or = - 1 Q.24 2j 2 ) , (b)y = 3 or y EX
ERCISE-II Q.l Q.5 Q.8 2Jl7 (i) ^ Q-2 (ii) 6 (iii) f VlO (iv) S + Q-4 Q.6 7t N0 '
N 0 ~ Q.7 p ( p + q + r) p.v.ofR = r = 3i+3k Q.10 -a=n7t + ( ~ 1 ) 2 ,nel&p = l
Q.15 Q.16 a = 2/3 ; i f a = 0 then vector product is-60(2i + k Q.18 (b) p = L a
bc (a.c)(a.b) r _ a + cxb + b.c b b.blc) U r - U (a.b) (a.b) J Q.19 / - r\ 9-j +
k ! Q.21 F = 25j + 5a2 + 3a3 Q.23 (a) 2 i - 3 ),(iii)-4,(iv) 2cos0 1 2cos9 p= b
+ (c.b)c + a x j + 3k, (b)(i)-4,(ii) f = i + j - k + M j + k) + p(-3i + j + 3k .
Q.24 p = or 1 2cos0 1 ; q= ; r= - , V l + 2cos0 V1 + 2COS0 yl + -r ; q ~ F = ; r
: VT+TcosO" ' / l + 2cos0 ' a + (c.a)c + b x c c ^ , y= _ 1+c 1 + 2c 1 ^/l + 2cos
0_
Q.25 x= EXERCISE-III Q.l Q.8 v 0 = 90

2 ~T 2 2 y-2 2 z-3 -3 Q v .10 Q.II x
7 Classes y z 1 -2 Q- 12 1 . 1 . 1 1 1
- 4 y+ 14 z - 4 3 10 Prob ability 17 2
- = - = Q.4 y + 2z = 4 = - = Q.7 0 v .9 x-1

y z x or 1 2 - 1 - 1 x-1 y +2 z+ 3 = = 13 1
+ _ 2 + _ 22 = " T2 2 2 2 x y z z p P" x
<!Bansal [23]
3 2x 2y z / 0 , ^ , 0 A ; (d) x = 2t + 2 ; y = 2t + 1 and z = - 1 + 3 " Q.13 ( a

) - ; (b) y + y - - = l ; (c) 2 / Q.14 ( 1 , - 2 , - 4 ) Q.17 Q.15 x y z 19 - +
j + = l , A r e a = y sq.units Q.18 Q 20 x-2 y+1 z-3 Q.16 = = - y 2x + 3y + z
4 = 0 p = 3, (2,1,-3); x + y + z = 0 V(x 2 +y 2 +z 2 ) Q.21 | Q.22 Q.23 x-7_y-2
_z-4 x-7_y-2_z-4 x-4 y+1 z-7 (9,13,15); 14 ; 9 x - 4 y - z = 14 Q.24 Q.25 x - 2y
+ 2z - 1 = 0; 2 units Q.l (a) 6 Q.2 (a) x = a x c ; y ^ b x c Q.3 (a ) (i) D (i
i) C (iii) A, C axb - axb -a x Q.4 (a) x = SY* axb ; EXERCISE-IV (b) (2, 8, (0, 1, 2) ; z = b + a x c or b x c - a _ r axb y=; axb r axb ^ + b x -^LZ=.-Lfa
Y Q.6 ' y (b) P = (3,8,3)& Q = (-3,-7,6) Q.5 (a) B (b) A (c) A, C Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 (
a) (i) B (ii) A (iii) A (i) i ; ( i i ) 4 + ^ i r ; b (axb) (a) 5 = -V3a + 2b (b
) abc ("i)J ; T (iv) |M| - V 7 (a) y(5i - j-7k), y ( - i + 7j-5k); | Vl 274 sq.
units (b)A, = 0, X = -2 V29 5 a 17 a Q.10 (a) r = -13i + l l j + 7k; ( b ) - i +
y j Q.ll (a) B (b) C Q.12 ( b) v, = 2i, v2 = - i j, v3 = 3i 2 j 4 k Q.13 (a) B
(b) C Q.15 D Q.16 (i)x + y - 2 z = 3 ; (ii) (6,5,-2) Q.18 (a)B, (b) B, (c)A Q.1
9 (c) 9/2 cubic units Q.20 (a) B, (b) D ; (c) 2 x - y + z - 3 = 0 an d 62x + 29y
+ 19z- 105 = 0, (d) w = v - 2 ( a v) a Q.21 (a) D, (b) A, (c) B, D,
3) ;
x b
(d) (i) -> D, (ii) ->A, (iii) -> B, C, (iv) D, (e) (i) B, (ii) D, (iii)->C <!Bans
al Classes Probability [24]

Bansal Classes Mathematics Study Material For IIT JEE

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BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGET IIT JEE 2007 XI (P, Q, R, S) COMPOUND ANGLES T

rigonometry Phase - / i : - . I CONTENTS KEY-CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE -II EX

KEY BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES : 2 2 CONCEPTS -l<sin9<l; -l<cos9<l | sec 0 |

22 V 1 2 tan 15 = sm . - = 2-V3 V3 + 1 ^ = cot 75 ; tan75= V3 - 1 = 2+V3 =cot 15 3tt

^Bansal Classes [2]

TRANSFORMATION O F PRODUCTS INTO SUM O R DIFFERENCE O F SINES & COSINES: (a) 2 s

, , THREE ANGLES : (a) tan (A+B+C) = N O T E IF : (i) A+B+C = n then tanA+tanB +

10. Sum of sines or cosines of n angles, sin a + sin (a + P) + sin (a + 2p ) + +

2 V1 _ e tan . 2 Q.10 If cos (a + P) = j ; sin (a - P) = & a , P lie between 0 &

Q.20 Q.21 Q.22 If a + p = y , prove that cos2 a + cos2 p + cos2 y = 1 + 2 cos a

Q. 18 Prove that: 4 sin 27 = (5 + V ) J Q.19 If A+B+C = TT ; provethat t a n 2 Y

Find all values of 9 in the interval n ~ s a t i s f y i n g the equation ;; [JE

[JEE 2004 (Screening)] Q. 8(a) In an equilateral triangle, 3 coins of radii 1 un

5 7Z 71 Q.5 (a) Minimum value = 3 ~5; maximum value = 3 5 ,(b) x= ; y = Q.6 C 12

BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS TARGETIIT JEE 2007 XI (P, Q, R, S) QUADRATIC EQUATION

KEY CONCEPTS The general form of a quadratic equation in x is, ax2 + bx + c = 0

7. ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a * 0). (i) If D > 0, then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 ha

en, X Oj C Note : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (V) , X a2 = + a , X a, a 2 a 3 = - a O| (

12. LOCATION OF ROOTS : Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c , where a > 0 & a, b, c e R . (i

Q.28 Find the values o f ' a ' f o r which - 3 < [ ( x 2 + a x - 2 ) / ( x 2 + x

2 2 2 ii Bansal Classes Quadratic Equations [9]

(d) If a, P are the roots of ax2 + bx + c - 0, (a * 0) and a + 5, P + 5, are the

a = 1 - V2 or 5 + VlO Q 20. S2 = 0, Sn = - nr EXERCISE-III QL. X 6 r 1 1a 1 1 u

Quadratic Equations [9]

KEY CONCEPTS DEFINITION: A sequence is a set of terms in a definite order with a

NOTE n , Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1 = arn, where r = (b/a)1/n+1 : The product of n GMs bet

ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES: A series each term of which is formed by multiplyi

(n+1) ^ s u m 0 f the squares of the first n natural numbers) (iii) r3 = T=\ z (

EXERCISE-I Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q 5. Q 6. Q 7. If the 1 Oth term of an HP is 21 &

(ii) xyz = x + y + z EXERCISE-II Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4, The series of natural numbe

Q 9,(a) Let a,, a2, a3 a an be an AP . Prove that : + a 1 1 1 +a a + + a l n 2 n

or 18/5 according as the series a, x, y, z, b is an AP or HP. Find the values of

re (A)-2,-32 (B) - 2 , 3 (C)-6,3 (D)-6,-32 If the sum ofthe first 2n terms of th

, fa Ban sal Classes Sequence & Progression [11]

ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I Ql. 1 Q 2. x = 105, y = 10 Q3. ji= 14 Q 4. S = (7/81){10n+

BANSAL CLASSES MATHEMATICS I TARGETIITJEE 2007 XI ( > Q, R, S) P r * -yfi i I i

(e) (f) 8. (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]

9. DIRECTOR CIRCLE : The locus ofthe point of intersection of two perpendicular

(iii) Aa2 Ba 2 ^ (!%Bansal Classes Circles [12]

EXERCISE-I Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Find the equation of the circle circumscribing th

Q 13. The circle x2 + y2 +2ax- c2 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2bx- c2 = 0 intersect at Aan

^Bansal Classes Circles [10]

ANSWER Q 1. x + y - 17x - 19y + 50 = 0 Q 5. x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 - 0 Q 7. 4x2 +

common tangent between c & Cj : Tj = 0; T2 = 0 and x - 1 = 0 ; common tangent be

KEY DEFINITIONS: 1. PERMUTATION 2. CONCEPTS : Each ofthe arrangements in a defin

1 1 2! + + 3! 4! 1 / IV +(-1) . v ' n! 1 (xvii) S ome times studentsfindit diffic

Q.16 Prove by combinatorial argument that: n+I (a) C r = Cr + C r _ 1 /TA n + nif>

Q. 28 Six faces of an ordinary cubical die marked with alphabets A, B, C, D, E a

n/2 x Yn/2 'l n/2 Term independent of x contains no x; Hencefindthe value of r fo

y -1=0 r i i i 00 e - e"1 = 2 l + _ + _ + _ + ^ 3! 5! 7! J Logarithms to the bas

8. (i) (ii) LOGARITHMIC SERIES: /n(l+x) = x - ~ In v(1- x) = - x (1 + x) f 2 2 ^

EXERCISE-I Q. 1 v a Find the coefficients : (i) x in ' ax + i ' 7 (A) Nl i (ii) x

vn Q.12 In the expansion of \1 + x + - J find the term not containing x. Q.13 Sh

x6 in the expansion of (ax2 + bx+c) 9 . x2 y3 z4 in the expansion of (ax - by +

/=k-l /. ^ n Q.27 If P k (x)= 2 x1' then prove that, n C k P k (x) = 2""1-Pn' /o

Q.5 If P = (s + 3V7) and f = P - [P], where [ ] denotes greatest integer functio

6! 1.1+2 1+2+3 1+2+3+4 ! + _ _ + + + 2! 3! 4! = \2J 6 Q5 Q.6 07 V Q.9 Q.ll Q.12 _

Q1 .4 2 \2 V 4 V2 3 / 6V2 3 3 Q.15 If y = x - + + where|x|< 1, then prove that x

3 + + n+1 n+1 V ' 0 2 3 4 n+1 ( n n+1 Q. 10 C0Cr + CjCr+1 + C2Cr+2 + .... + C

Q.15 If n is an integer greater than 1, show that ; a - n Cj(a-l) + nC2(a-2) + (

Q.21 J c ^ + yfc7 + + + Jc~n<2n-l + n-1 2 -il/2 n Q.22 V ^ + V c T + A / c T + + V c

= 2n~2(n+1) (n+4) . t=0 Q.5 Given p + q = l , showthat j>>2.nCr.p1 .q'w = n p [

Q.8 v P r o v e t h a t , 2 . C n + . c 1 + . C2, + , 0 2 3 + 11 . C100 = , 11 Q