INTRODUCTION

The Malaysian government has placed a strong emphasis on Early Child Care and
Education (ECCE). Many entrepreneurs have take part in setting up ECCE to meet
the diverse needs of the crucial early years of newborns until the age of six.
These have contributed to the healthy growth and development of the future
generation.
Early Childhood Care and Education in Malaysia is divided into two categories
according to age groups which are Early Child Care Centre (TASKA) and preschool (TADIKA).
TASKA is built up for children under the age of four years old. TASKA is governed
under Child Care Centre Act 1984. Act 308 is intended to ensure quality
childcare at child center. It comes under Ministry of Women, Family and
Community Development. The Ministry keeps a register of all childcare
centres through its Department of Social Welfare.
TADIKA is meant for children age four years old until six years old. The pre-school
education comes under Ministry of Education. The aim of TADIKA is to prepare
the children before entering the formal education at the age of seven years old.
Through the National Education Act 1996, preschool education was officially
declared part of the school system. All public or private preschools are required
to implement the National Preschool Curriculum formulated through the
Curriculum Development Centre, Ministry of Education.
In setting up ECCE there are certainly requirement to be met. For this case
study, we have interviewed various establishments in this area which are:

Tadika Mahkota Idaman, Fasa 3 Puncak Alam

Tadika Anjung Pelangi , Fasa 2 Puncak Alam
Taska Mahkota Idaman, Fasa 3 Puncak Alam
Tadika PASTI, Fasa 2 Puncak Alam

From the interview, we have received information regarding the formation and
operation of the kindergartens. The formation of the business is mainly about
the setting up of the business. Meanwhile, operation of the business relates to
the day-to-day activities of the business and how it maintains its operation. In
this report, the findings are written based on privately owned TADIKA and Islamic
basis Tadika which is TADIKA PASTI.
1

FORMATION
OF TADIKA

1.1

FORMATION AND REGISTRATION

Fill Form A
obtained from
ROB/ROC

Get approval
from
Commissioner
for Oaths.

Submit Form A
together with IC
to ROB/ROC

Submit the
registration
form to JPN

JPN visit the

premise

Business is
formed. Send
application form
to JPN

JPN obtain
opinion and
support from
related
agencies for
licensing

JPN grants
approval letter
with conditions

JPN grants
Certificate of
Registration

Flowchart of Registration Process, Licensing and Aprroval from JPN

There are five stages in formation of TADIKA, mainly early knowledge, marketing
assessment, registration, licensing and approval.
Early preparation
Each entrepreneur should equip themselves with sufficient knowledge, skills and
attitude that is suitable for child care business.
Marketing assessment
It is important to identify the demand for the service in targeted area. The owner
can choose to rent or buy the premise to set up the business. Factors in
considering the start of the child care center business:

High population of 4 to 6 years old children.

There is no competition.
3

There is competition but the existing child care centers are still not
enough to cover the high demand.

Registration process
Register with Registrar of Business (ROB) for sole proprietor partnership or
Registrar of Company (ROC) for setting up private limited company.
Licensing
The business must fulfill the requirement stipulated by the agencies such as:
Local Authority

Submit layout plan and copy of quit rent

The building has two staircase for emergency exit
The building has two different doors, one at the front and one at the back
of the building

Fire and Rescue Department

The premise should not have any harmful objects

The premise cannot be a basement
The premise provide refuge area such as corridor, lobby or protected areas
Have fire extinguisher in the premise
Have evacuation plan in case of fire
Carry out fire drills once in three months

Department of Health

The premise should maintain its cleanliness all the time

There should not be any container or bottles that can lead to dengue
Provide elbow tap for the children to wash hands
The premise is equipped with garbage dump and dustbins
Provide emergency kit
Prepare a balanced meal to the children
No junk food is given to the children
Provide emergency procedures

Obtain approval letter from Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri

4

The details need to be included are:

Objective and address of the business

Premise layout plan
List of child care centre within the radius of 3km of the business location
Approval from close neighbours at least ten names with Identification

number and signature

Tenancy agreement of the building
Certificate of Occupying (CF)
Business Proposal

Jabatan Pendidikan will make site visit to evaluate the suitability of location. After
that, registration form will be given to the owner. Upon checking the registration
form, JPN will inform agencies such as:

Local Authority
Fire and Rescue Department
Business Registrar (ROB/ROC)

Approval letter will be granted after getting support from those agencies. JPN will
then grant Certificate of Registration to the business and it must be displayed at
the premise.
From our findings, Tadika Mahkota Idaman has been set up by the founder, Puan
Salina from her experience in handling children. She has so much interest in
children as it reminds her of her own children. Another factor which makes Puan
Salina consider setting up this business is that she has seen the shortage of child
care and education center in Fasa 3, Puncak Alam even though there were also
many existing child care center at that time. This means that child care center in
this place is in high demand. Hence, she set up Tadika and Taska in this area.

Certificate of Registration is displayed in the premise

1.2

RELATED ASSOCIATIONS

The followings are associations that play important roles in helping the
kindergartens owner in managing and operating their business:
1. Persatuan Tadika Malaysia
2. Persatuan Taska Negeri Selangor
These associations unite private kindergartens by setting standards for them to
be more appealing to potential customers. The standards set help private
kindergartens to be different from any public childhood care and education
center. For example, Persatuan Tadika Malaysia set an additional syllabus apart
from syllabus outlined by the JPN.

1.3

HUMAN CAPITAL

Before setting up the kindergarten, the founder, Puan Salina has undergone
training to equip herself with sufficient knowledge and skills. The skills are
essential in managing the Early Childhood Care and Education center. Among the
training that she went to were:

Training under Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM)

Training on Food Handling Management
Attend Proposal and Child Care Center Management by Edu Cahayaku Sdn
Bhd
6

The knowledge she gained has enabled her to manage the business excellently.
In term of knowledge, it covers the knowledge in child care education,
understanding of childrens attitude and managing business. It also helps to
enhance her communication skills and business networking skills. The trainings
have moulded her to become a friendly, dedicated, and also is easy to be
approached.
All child minders must have qualifications and training. According to Childcare
Centre Regulation 1985, the child caretaker should be at least 18 years of age
and have attended basic child care course approved by the Department of Social
Welfare.
On the other hand, the minimum qualification of the teacher is Sijil Pelajaran
Malaysia (SPM). However, candidates with higher qualification such as Diploma
and Bachelor Degree are welcomed to increase the quality of service.
The salary of the teachers range from RM 1,000 RM 2,500.

1.4

FINANCIAL ASPECTS

According to Puan Salina, her capital requirement to set up the business is RM

30,000. She received financial support from her husband and children. Among
the initial cost of the business is registration fee paid to Registrar of Business
which cost about RM 60.
A grant of RM 10,000 will also be given to those interested in setting up private
kindergarten. It acts as assistance to the founder and aims to boost
establishment of children education. However, Puan Salina stated that she did
not get any grant during the formation of the business because the grant has yet
to be available during that time.

1.5

TAX INCENTIVE

According to The Department of Social Welfare (JKM), tax incentives are granted
to:

 Pre-school or kindergarten registered with the Ministry of Education

Malaysia
Child care center registered with The Department of Social Welfare (JKM)
under the Child Care Act, 1984
Effective from Year of Assessment (YA) 2013
Apply to a person in respect of a business of his in relation to the provision
and maintenance of a kindergarten registered with the MoE or childcare
center registered with JKM
Not applicable to a kindergarten which is integrated with a private primary
school
Both Pre- school or kindergarten and Childcare center enjoy the following
incentives:
Tax exemption at the statutory income level for a period of 5 years
Industrial Building Allowance with an annual rate of 10% for buildings used
as Pre-school
Launching grants of RM 10,000
However, we found that the founder of Tadika Mahkota Idaman did not apply for
tax incentives. This is maybe due to the lack of awareness in tax education.

1.6

ISSUES IN SETTING UP THE PRE-SCHOOL BUSINESS

Lack of capital

The founder of Tadika Mahkota Idaman faced this problem in the early stage of
formation of this business. Forming a business needs a large capital for
investment. She used every alternative she had in overcoming this problem
including borrowed money from her family and relatives.

The formation procedure took forever to be done

The tadika owner keeps on complaining that she had to wait for so long for the
registration to be completed as this process go through to various departments
and ministries for approval. She needs to get license from various agencies. The
approval from local authority takes the longest time among all. However, as for
now, the agencies are being more efficient in the registration process.

Lack of support from neighborhood

8

As mentioned before, support from neighborhood is required in registration

process. Some neighbors are not supportive enough by not giving cooperation in
preparing required documents. This has led to delay in registration process.

FORMATION
OF TADIKA pasti

2.1

VISION OF PASTI

Melahirkan Insan Soleh di Malaysia melalui pendidikan pra sekolah sebagai

elemen terpenting
2.2

MISSION

Improve the quality of teaching and learning, as well as quantity management in

Malaysia to make PASTI preference to public education-loving Islam
2.3

OBJECTIVES

Provide early education process oriented education system of Islam towards child
birth of good, knowledgeable and practicing.

Educates the soul and the mind of children with Islamic education derived

from the Quran and Hadith

Guide their children to appreciate the religious, moral and tend to do good

and leave the bad

Train children to read, memorize, and appreciate the Quran, prayer and
the zikr

2.4

SCHOOL SYSTEMS

Tadika Pasti accepts students from 4 years old to 6 years old. There is no nursery
in Tadika Pasti. However some of the pre-school may have day care for their
students itself whose parents are working and only can pick up their children at
the evening.
The minimum hours for PASTI classes is 3 hours and 30 minutes including the
break time. PASTI operates 5 day a week which is from Monday to Friday or from
Sunday to Thursday.
10

2.5

SYLLABUS

Unsur tarbiyah

Tarbiyah
Tarbiyah
Tarbiyah
Tarbiyah
Tarbiyah

imaniyyah
ruhiyah
khuluqiah
aqliyah
jasadiah

Knowledge scope

Ilmu fardhu ain

Ilmu fardhu kifayah
Sumber ilmu

Component subjects

2.6

Bahasa Melayu
English
Arabic
Jawi
Mathematics
Social Science and Human Development
Al-Quran
Peribadi muslim
Writing

HOW TO FORM TADIKA PASTI

PASTI, as we all know is an independent organization or Non-Government

Organization (NGO). This means that any person with the intention to operate a
PASTI at any place, they need to register with PASTI Malaysia themselves rather
than going under normal procedures of other private kindergarten and register
with the Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM).
To operate Tadika PASTI, one needs to go to the PASTI Malaysia website and
register there. At website, we need to choose place to operate PASTI and fill the
required forms.
After filling in the required form, submit and send to PASTI Malaysia. PASTI
Malaysia will further process the registration. The operation of PASTI will depend
on the PASTI Malaysia approval. If PASTI Malaysia approve the application to
operate PASTI, then we are good to go.
11

Before approving the license of PASTI, there is some policy and procedures need
to be followed. As PASTI is an organization under PAS, therefore the principal of
PASTI must be a member of Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS). This is to ensure that
the education system can operate with the value instill inside. PAS aims to
produce a spiritual human being equipped with Islamic knowledge gained
through the pre-school education. PASTI Malaysia also needs to ensure that the
principal has the capability and necessary qualification in operating the
kindergarten in terms of financial and knowledge abilities.
2.7

HUMAN CAPITAL

Once the license is obtained from PASTI Malaysia, the principal have to operate
the business by himself. This is one of the reasons why the principal need to be
competent enough and have necessary knowledge equipped in themselves to
operate the taska as mentioned earlier.
As for the teachers, they need to be equipped with the necessary knowledge to
teach and take care of the students at PASTI. If they do not have any experiences
in teaching at kindergarten level, PASTI Malaysia will provide them classes and
seminars to help them. The teachers will be trained from time to time, in terms
of the syllabus and teaching techniques. Teachers are role models for the
students and therefore, it is vital to them to be proper mentor to be followed at
the taska.
The salary of teachers are as below:
Day care teachers : Basic RM1100
Halfday teachers : Basic RM750
The amount will be increased by RM50 every year.

2.8

FINANCIAL ASPECT

The branch PASTI must gain capital funding themselves as PASTI Malaysia only
give license to them to operate only. At Tadika PASTI Little Ikhwan Fasa 2 Puncak
Alam, they managed to operate based on the registration fees and contributions
of the committees formed around the neighborhood. From the contributions they
received, they managed to operate PASTI Little Ikhwan until today.
12

OPERATIONS
OF KINDERGARTEN,
CHILD CARE AND
TADIKA PASTI

13

REGISTRATION FEES

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

As mentioned by the all interviewees, registration fees will be determined

by considered on several factors such as competitors, ages of the kids and also
environmental changes. For the kindergarten, fees will be fixed at RM 300 per
month whether they are 4 years old or 5 years old. Monthly fees will cover their
foods and also utility cost to running the operation of organization.
While the child care centre, the fees are fixed based on the ages of the
kids and also the competitors fees. For the year of 2015, they charge RM 350 for
children that age 3 month until 3 years old and RM 300 for children that age 3
years old until 4 years old. These fees can be change depends on the
environmental changes such as inflation or deflation.
Normally, for those who are first time to register their children, they have
to pay the higher initial fees including fees to buy set of uniform.
2.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

Even PASTI are monitored by the PASTI Malaysia Centre, but each branch

fees are not determined by them. Each branch was given an authority to fix their
own registration fees by considered the premise environment and cost to
operate the business.

14

What have we found is, each branch will analyze their cost and also
evaluate in order to set an affordable amount to be charge per each student. As
info given by the PASTI Puncak Alam, they have changed their rate of fees
comparing to the previous year from RM 95 to RM 135. The increase in fees was
reflected by introducing the new additional syllabus which is Pra-Tahfiz and
Hafalan.
As usual, the initial fees will be more expensive due to the set of uniform
and methods for learning.

OPERATING HOURS

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

For the kindergarten and child care centre, they will start to operate at 7.30 a.m.
and close at 7.30 p.m. This operating hour was decided by the owner of the
organization.
Session
st

1 session
2.

Start Operating

Stop Operating

7.30 a.m. 8.00 a.m.

6.00 p.m. 7.00 p.m.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

Due to the space limitation, PASTI has decided to operate at 2 session which are
morning session and evening session.
Session
1st session
2nd session

Start Operating
7.30 a.m.
12.30 p.m.

Stop Operating
12.30 p.m.
6.30 p.m.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

15

The principal of the kindergarten and child care centre and PASTI will have
several

responsibilities.

He

or

she

will

be

responsible

to

manage

the

administration part of the kindergarten and child care centre. He or she needs to
monitor the teachers learning method when they taught the students. Apart from
that, the principal needs to monitor the staff that in charge to take care of the
babies, to ensure the babies safety. He or she also required to provide their staff
with equip training and skills before they can hire them to be the part of the
kindergarten and child care centre.
The teachers in kindergarten and PASTI are required to fulfill their duties to teach
and give knowledge to the students. They need to teach them according to the
syllabus requirement and prepare the test for the students.

Principal

Teachers

Babysitt
ers

Cook

STAFF

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

There is only one cook for both the kindergarten and child care centre. The

kindergarten has six teachers while the child care centre has fourteen
babysitters. The qualifications for babysitter are as follow:
1

Malaysian

Must be at the age of 18 or above.

These are the qualification for kindergarten teacher:

1

Malaysian

Have Diploma in Early Childhood Education or

16

Have at least 2 years experience in working and teaching at

kindergarten.

These babysitters and teachers are sent for training by the manager and
must obtain certificate of attendance and passed the Basic Child Care Course
(AAK) or PERMATA Child Care Course Care recognized by JKM.
2.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

At PASTI, the requirements for the teachers are a little bit different since

they are not governed by Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. They will be 8 persons
as a muallimah (teachers). The requirements for PASTI teachers are as follow:
1

Malaysian

Have at least SPM certificate.

The headquarter of PASTI Malaysia continuously provide seminars, courses

and training for their teachers to enhance and update their teaching skill and
method according to the current demand.

STUDENTS LIMIT

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

For kindergarten, the number of students are as follow:
4 years old : 32 students
5 years old : 32 students
6 years old : 34 students
The number of children in childcare center is limited to the number of
babysitters according to the ratio fixed and varies according to the
childrens age. For child care centre, the number of children assign to each
babysitter is as follow:
3 months to 11 months old

: 1 babysitter for 3 infants

17

2.

1-year -2 years old

: 1 babysitter for 5 infants

3 years old and above

: 1 babysitter for 10 children

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

In PASTI, it has two sessions which are the morning session, starts at 7.30

a.m and the evening session which starts at 1.30 p.m. For both sessions, it has
three classes according to the age of students. The number of students for
morning session:
4 years old : 36 students
5 years old : 37 students
6 years old : 22 students

The number of students for evening session:

4 years old : 25 students
5 years old : 25 students
6 years old : 15 students

SYLLABUS ARRANGEMENT

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

Kindergarten will be monitoring by the Ministry of Education, therefore the

syllabus will be given by PPD according to the State. Syllabus can be amending
by PPD over the time depending on the necessity. Basically, their syllabus will
include subject of Mathematics, Science, Bahasa Melayu and English.

18

However, some of kindergartens have added their own extra subject such as
Hafazan, Bahasa Arab and other language to make different values comparing
other competitors.

2.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

PASTI also have its own syllabus but it is controlled and monitored by the

PASTI Malaysia Centre. Subject given must be related to the Islamic perspective
which is based on Al-Quran. Each module will be review by the experienced
teachers before get approval to release for branches.
There are 3 main different syllabuses created which are for 4 years old, 5
years old, and 6 years old. The purpose of creating this 3 level syllabus is to
avoid the children from becoming boring on studying the same topic during the
learning session. Once they move to the next level, they will learn on the new
topics.
The main subjects offered by PASTI are Mathematics, Science, Bahasa
Arab, Tahfiz, and English. PASTI Malaysia Centre will monitor the effectiveness
for each subject over the time. Amendment will be carrying out depending on
necessity.

LEARNING METHOD

Referring to our finding, there is a quite similar technique applied by the

kindergarten and also PASTI :

19

Class
All students will be classified to the certain groups according to their ages

in order to deliver the learning syllabus. By doing this method, teachers can
easily give a high attention to teach and recognized the student strength and
also weaknesses.
2

Examination
At the end of the year, children will be tested to evaluate their

performance over the period. Examination question will be based on what have
been learnt. Through this method, reward approach such as awards can help to
motivate them in performing the best in their examination.
3

Outside visit
Children are also offered to explore the outside world through outside visit

such as Lawatan Zoo Negara, Mari Kenali Rumah Allah and other programs.
These opportunities can help children to think out of the box, get real
experienced and be more motivated in their studies.

20

MEALS MENU FOR STUDENTS AND CHILDREN

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

The students will have four break sessions which is 8.00 am, 9.30 am,

12.00 noon and 4.30 pm. They will be provided with meals and drinks prepared
by the staff of the kindergarten. The meals prepare must contain the healthy
ingredients and nutrients for the students. Thus, the meals menu has been
displayed clearly on the wall. The menu that has been decided for the students
and children are as follows:

2.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

As for PASTI, they have two sessions per day, which has been stated in

operating hour. Thus, for each session, there will be two times food being served
and prepared for the students. The food will be provided by catering service. The
fees charged by PASTI is RM 135 per month which including the food prepared for
them.

21

ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE

CENTRE
Kindergarten

and

child

care

centre

has

conducted many activities and programs that

suit their students and children in order for them
to meet their objectives and provide benefits to
the students. They had do Lawatan Sambil
Belajar ke Econsave with objective to teach the students to spent their money
wisely. In addition, they had been introduced on
the halal products in the supermarket.

Furthermore,

they

had

conducted

program Mari Kenali Rumah Allah where the

students will have a visit to Masjid Puncak Alam.
They will learn on how to perform Dhuhas
prayer and memorize verses.

Next, the kindergarten and child care

centre also held a Sports Day event for the
students. Some activities during the Sport Day
are musical chair, marching and so on. This
program can benefit the students to stay healthy
and fit as well as strengthen the relationship
among them because some of the games
required them to work in a team.

Lastly, the big event that kindergarten will have

every year is Convocation Ceremony for the six
years old students who will enter primary school later. They will be given

22

certificate and prizes are provided for the best students. This will be a symbolic
for the children completing their early education.

2.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

PASTI had organized a visit to Museum, Zoo Negara and Petrosains. The

students will be exposed to history and technology which can open up their
mind. As for this visit, parents are required to pay additional fees for their
children to be participated. PASTI also will get some contribution from any other
party.
Besides

that,

PASTI

also

held

Sports Festival for the

students. They will

be

competition,

football

netball
The

competition
students

are

and

many

required

to

more.
have

proper training before

their

The

(teachers) will be

muallimah

responsible to teach

their

competition.
students

about sports games.

Next, PASTI will

organized

programme named Alam Ria PASTI. Some activities during this event are nasyid,
choral speaking (kalam jamaei), memorize verses and so on. The prizes and
certificate will be awarded to the winner.

23

Lastly, PASTI will have their Convocation Ceremony for their students. The
students who perform well during the test assessment will be given excellence
award during the ceremony. The excellence awards are based on subject.

POLICY

1.

KINDERGARTEN AND CHILD CARE CENTRE

For kindergarten and child care centre, both have the policy to ensure that the
physical of the children or infant under their care is just the same as when the
parents send their children in the morning. They will make sure that the children
have no injuries and cuts under their care.
Apart from that, this child care centre also applies the policy of not accepting
kids who have infectious disease such as chicken pox, flu and etc. This is to
protect other children from being infected. Kids who have been infected are not
allowed to attend the kindergarten and childcare.
This kindergarten and child care centre also display evacuation plan in case of
fire and emergency. Moreover, the rules and regulations in both the childcare and
kindergarten are displayed in the classroom.

2.

PUSAT ASUHAN TUNAS ISLAM (PASTI)

No information obtained.

24

ISSUES ARISE IN OPERATING KINDERGARTEN, CHILD CARE CENTRE AND

PASTI

These are the issues arise in operating kindergarten, child care centre and also
Pusat Asuhan Tunas Islam (PASTI).
Limited Capacity
This problem is found in PASTI where there is demand from parents to send their
children but the management needs to reject the application since the number of
students has reached the maximum limit.

Limited Fund
Due to limited fund, the owners of the kindergarten, child care centre and PASTI
are not able to expand by renting more space and accept new students.
Lack of Facilities
There are complaints from parents, requesting the childcare to install air
conditioners in order to give comfort for the infants. However, due to limited
fund, it is not possible to install the air conditioners. Furthermore, the parents are
not willing to spend more on the fees charged to them.
Lack of Parents Cooperation
There is an issue where parents still send their child to the child care centre even
though that child has been infected with chicken pox. Parents should aware that
this action will cause the other children to be infected with this disease ad should
not let their child to be in public area.
Injuries at Childcare Center, Kindergarten and PASTI
Sometimes, even if the children are taken care with the highest safety measure,
they will still get injuries like cuts and bruises because they are active. For
example, they might stumble while playing with their friends. Parents should not
blame the babysitters or teachers. They must investigate first before accusing.
25

One of the ways is that, the parents can check their childs individual logbook for
the activities carried out on that day and listen to the explanation by babysitters
or teachers.

CONCLUSION
Early Children Care and Education business has contributed to human capital
development. High quality child care and preschool can positively influence
childrens development and school readiness by providing valuable education al
and social experiences.
Child care programmes assist in developing the cognitive skills of the children,
besides shaping them to acquire new skills and knowledge.

There must be

awareness drive to alert parents on the importance of providing developmental

experiences during their children formative years.
With the help of the government by providing grant, it is hoped that it can attract
more entrepreneurs to take part in this child care and education business. It aims
to increase the establishment of child care centre and education in Malaysia.
Government also helps in reducing the burden of parents by providing subsidies.
These initiatives by the Government help in ensuring all children have the
opportunity to gain education during their early years.

26

Last but not least, we would like to thank the owners and teachers we have
interviewed for their time. They have provided us with sufficient information
which helped us in completing this case study.

REFERENCES

Puan Zainab binti Mohamad Isa

Tadika PASTI, Fasa 2 Puncak Alam

Puan Maimanah binti Shaarani

Tadika Anjung Pelangi , Fasa 2 Puncak Alam

Puan Salina binti Hussain

Tadika Mahkota Idaman, Fasa 3 Puncak Alam
Taska Mahkota Idaman, Fasa 3 Puncak Alam

27

Appendix
28

29