Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*1845295131*

CHEMISTRY

0620/32
October/November 2014

Paper 3 (Extended)

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

IB14 11_0620_32/2RP
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1

An important aspect of chemistry is purity and methods of purification.

(a) Give an example of substances used in everyday life which must be pure.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A list of techniques used to separate mixtures is given below.
chromatography
evaporation
(i)

filtration

crystallisation

diffusion

fractional distillation

dissolving
simple distillation

From the list, choose the most suitable technique to separate the following.
water from sea-water ..........................................................................................................
helium from a mixture of helium and methane ...................................................................
ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and propanol .................................................................
iron filings from a mixture of iron filings and water .............................................................
a mixture of two amino acids, glycine and alanine .............................................................
[5]

(ii)

Describe how you would obtain a pure sample of copper(II) sulfate-5-water crystals from
a mixture of copper(II) sulfate-5-water with copper(II) oxide using some of the techniques
listed above.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 10]

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2

Aluminium is obtained by the reduction of aluminium ions to aluminium atoms.

(a) Write an ionic equation for the reduction of an aluminium ion to an aluminium atom.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The original method of extracting aluminium involved the reduction of aluminium chloride using
the reactive metal sodium. Aluminium obtained by this method was very expensive due to the
high cost of extracting sodium from sodium chloride.
(i)

Complete the equation for this reduction.

Al Cl 3 + .......Na ........... + ...........

(ii)

[2]

How can sodium metal be obtained from sodium chloride?

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) In the modern method, aluminium is obtained by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide (alumina)
dissolved in molten cryolite, Na3Al F6.
waste gases,
O2, CO2, CO, F2

carbon anode (+)

mixture of aluminium
oxide and cryolite

carbon cathode ()

molten aluminium
(i)

The major ore of aluminium is impure aluminium oxide.

What is the name of this ore?
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

This ore is a mixture of aluminium oxide, which is amphoteric, and iron(III) oxide which is
basic.
Explain how these two oxides can be separated by the addition of aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(iii)

Give two reasons why the electrolyte contains cryolite.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv)

The mixture of gases evolved at the positive electrode includes:

carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
fluorine
oxygen
Explain the presence of these gases in the gaseous mixture formed at the positive
electrode. Include at least one equation in your explanation.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [5]

(d) A major use of aluminium is the manufacture of pots and pans. One reason for this is its
resistance to corrosion.
(i)

Explain why aluminium, a reactive metal, is resistant to corrosion.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Suggest two other reasons why aluminium is suitable for making pots and pans.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 19]

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3

(a) A hydrocarbon has the following structural formula.

H
H

H
(i)

State the molecular formula and the empirical formula of this hydrocarbon.
molecular formula ...............................................................................................................
empirical formula ................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii)

Draw the structural formula of an isomer of the above hydrocarbon.

[1]
(iii)

Explain why these two hydrocarbons are isomers.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv)

Are these two hydrocarbons members of the same homologous series?

Give a reason for your choice.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Alkenes can be made from alkanes by cracking.

(i)

Explain the term cracking.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

One mole of an alkane, when cracked, produced one mole of hexane, C6H14, and two
moles of ethene.
What is the molecular formula of the original alkane?
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) Alkenes are used in polymerisation reactions and addition reactions.
(i)

Draw the structural formula of the product formed by the addition polymerisation of
but-2-ene. Its formula is given below.
H

H
C

H 3C

C
CH3

[3]
(ii)

Give the name and structural formula of the addition product formed from ethene and
bromine.
name ...................................................................................................................................
structural formula

[2]
[Total: 14]

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4

Zinc is an important metal. Its uses include making alloys and the construction of dry cells (batteries).
(a) Name an alloy which contains zinc. What is the other metal in this alloy?
name of alloy .............................................................................................................................
other metal in alloy ....................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The main ore of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS.
(i)

The ore is heated in the presence of air to form zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide.
Write the equation for this reaction.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Give a major use of sulfur dioxide.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Zinc can be obtained from zinc oxide in a two step process. Aqueous zinc sulfate is made from
zinc oxide and then this solution is electrolysed with inert electrodes. The electrolysis is similar
to that of copper(II) sulfate with inert electrodes.
(i)

Name the reagent which will react with zinc oxide to form zinc sulfate.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Complete the following for the electrolysis of aqueous zinc sulfate.

Write the equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.
.............................................................................................................................................
Name the product at the positive electrode.
.............................................................................................................................................
The electrolyte changes from zinc sulfate to .................................................................... .
[3]

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(d) A dry cell (battery) has a central rod, usually made of graphite. This is the positive electrode which
is surrounded by the electrolyte, typically a paste of ammonium chloride and manganese(IV)
oxide, all of which are in a zinc container which is the negative electrode.
electrons flow
when cell
produces
energy

wire
graphite
electrode
zinc
electrode
electrolyte which is a paste of
ammonium chloride
and manganese(IV) oxide

(i)

Draw an arrow on the diagram to indicate the direction of electron flow.

(ii)

Suggest why the electrolyte is a paste.

[1]

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii)

The following changes occur in a dry cell.

For each change, decide if it is oxidation or reduction and give a reason for your choice.
Zn to Zn2+
.............................................................................................................................................
manganese(IV) oxide to manganese(III) oxide
.............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 13]

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5

(a) Glucose, sucrose and starch are all carbohydrates. Their formulae are:
glucose, C6H12O6,
sucrose, C12H22O11,
starch, (C6H10O5)n.
(i)

Identify two common features in the formulae of these carbohydrates.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Draw the structure of a complex carbohydrate, such as starch. The formula of glucose,
can be represented by
HO

OH

Include three glucose units in the structure.

[2]
(b) Starch hydrolyses to glucose in the presence of the enzyme, amylase.
What is meant by the term enzyme?
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) The effect of temperature on this reaction can be studied by the experiment shown below.
Starch and iodine form a blue-black colour.
Glucose and iodine do not form a blue-black colour.
teat pipette to add a
few drops of iodine

water at different
temperatures
aqueous starch and
amylase (enzyme)
The experiment is set up as in the diagram and the time measured for the mixture to change
from blue-black to colourless. The experiment is repeated at different temperatures.
Typical results of this experiment are given in the table below.

(i)

experiment

temperature
/ C

time for blue-black

colour to disappear
/ min

20

30

40

15

70

remained blue-black

Put the experiments in order of reaction rate slowest first and fastest last.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Explain why the reaction rates in experiments A and B are different.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii)

Suggest why the colour remains blue-black in experiment C.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 12]

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6

Sulfuric acid is an important acid, both in the laboratory and in industry.

Sulfuric acid is manufactured in the Contact Process. Originally, it was made by heating metal
sulfates and by burning a mixture of sulfur and potassium nitrate.
(a) Give a major use of sulfuric acid.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A group of naturally occurring minerals have the formula of the type FeSO4.xH2O where x is 1,
4, 5, 6 or 7. The most common of these minerals is iron(II) sulfate-7-water.
(i)

When this mineral is heated gently it dehydrates.

FeSO4.7H2O
green

FeSO4 +
pale yellow

7H2O

Describe how you could show that this reaction is reversible.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii)

When the iron(II) sulfate is heated strongly, further decomposition occurs.

2FeSO4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
The gases formed in this reaction react with water and oxygen to form sulfuric acid.
Explain how the sulfuric acid is formed.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii)

A mineral of the type FeSO4.xH2O contains 37.2% of water.

Complete the calculation to determine x.
mass of one mole of H2O = 18 g
mass of water in 100 g of FeSO4.xH2O = 37.2 g
number of moles of H2O in 100 g of FeSO4.xH2O = .................
mass of FeSO4 in 100 g of FeSO4.xH2O = ................. g
mass of one mole of FeSO4 = 152 g
number of moles of FeSO4 in 100 g of FeSO4.xH2O = .................
x = .................

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(c) When a mixture of sulfur and potassium nitrate is burned and the products are dissolved in
water, sulfuric acid is formed.
(i)

The sulfuric acid formed by this method is not pure. It contains another acid.
Deduce the identity of this acid.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

The heat causes some of the potassium nitrate to decompose.

Write the equation for the action of heat on potassium nitrate.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]

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85

0620/32/O/N/14

133

Fr

Caesium

Cs

21

88

56

Radium

Ra

226

Barium

137

Ba

Strontium

38

22

89

57

Ac

Actinium

227

Key

Hafnium

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

72

178

Hf

139

La

Zirconium

40

91

Zr

Titanium

Yttrium

Lanthanum

39

89

88

Sr

Scandium

Calcium

*58-71 Lanthano d ser es

90-103 Act no d ser es

87

Francium

55

37

Rubidium

Rb

20

Ca
23

51

24

52

Cr
25

55

Mn
26

56

Fe
27

59

Co
28

59

Ni
29

64

Cu
30

65

Zn

181

Ta

Niobium

90

58

74

59

Protactinium

91

Pa

Praseodymium

141

Pr

Tungsten

184

Molybdenum

42

96

Mo

Chromium

75

92

Uranium

238

Neodymium

60

144

Nd

Rhenium

186

Re

Technetium

43

Tc

Manganese

Pm

Np

Neptunium

93

Promethium

61

76

Osmium

190

Os

Ruthenium

44

101

Ru

Iron

150

Sm

Iridium

Pu

Plutonium

94

Samarium

62

77

152

Eu

Platinum

Am

Americium

95

Europium

63

78

195

Pt

192

Ir

Palladium

46

106

Pd

Nickel

Rhodium

45

103

Rh

Cobalt

157

Gd

Gold

197

Au

Silver

96

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

64

79

47

108

Ag

Copper

Bk

Terbium

159

Tb

Berkelium

97

65

80

Mercury

201

Hg

Cadmium

48

112

Cd

Zinc

162

Dy

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

Cf

Californium

98

Es

Holmium

165

Ho

Lead

207

Pb

Tin

Einsteinium

99

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

In

Germanium

32

73

Ge

Si icon

28

Si

Carbon

Gallium

Dysprosium

66

81

49

31

14

12

IV

The vo ume of one mo e of any gas s 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

Thorium

232

Th

Cerium

140

Ce

Tantalum

73

41

93

Nb

Vanadium

Ga

70

48

Ti

Al

27

Boron

40

13

11

39

45

Hydrogen

Aluminium

Sc

III

Magnesium

Mg

24

Beryllium

12

Be

II

Sodium

Na

23

Lithium

Potassium

19

11

Li

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

31

Nitrogen

122

Sb

Arsenic

167

Er

Fm

Fermium

Erbium

100

68

83

Bi

Bismuth

209

Antimony

51

33

75

As

Phosphorus

15

14

79

Se

Sulfur

32

Oxygen

101

Md

Thulium

169

Tm

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

Po

Tellurium

52

128

Te

Selenium

34

16

16

VI

173

Yb

At

Astatine

Iodine

127

Bromine

80

Br

Chlorine

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

No

102

Nobelium

Ytterbium

70

85

53

35

17

19

VII

Lr

Lawrencium

Lutetium

175

Lu

Rn

Radon

Xenon

131

Xe

Krypton

84

Kr

Argon

40

Ar

Neon

20

Ne

Helium

103

71

86

54

36

18

10

He

16

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