If clause was a group of related words that

contains a subject and a verb, phrase is a group

of related words that does not contain a
subject and a verb.

An adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective

clause. It modifies a noun. It doesnt contain a subject
and verb.

There are two ways in which an adjective clause is changed to an

adjective phrase. These are :
1.

If the adjective clause contains the be form of verb, omit the pronoun and
the be form.
Examples :
The girl who is sitting next tome is Maria. (Clause)
The girl sitting next tome is Maria. (Phrase)
The ideas which are presented in that book are good. (Clause)
The ideas presented in that book are good. (Phrase)

2.

If there is no be form of a verb in adjective clause, it is sometimes

possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to its -ing
form.
Examples :
English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. (Clause)
English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters. (Phrase)
Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. (Clause)
Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome. (Phrase)

If an adjective clause that contains be + a

single adjective is moved to its normal
position in front of to the noun it modifies.
Example :
Clause : Fruit that is fresh tastes better then
old, soft, mushy fruit.
Correct Phrase : Fresh fruit tastes better
than old, soft, mushy fruit.

Modifying adverbial phrases beginning

with upon + - ing usually have the same
meaning as adverb clauses introduced
by when.
Example :
Upon reaching the age of 21, I received
my inheritance.

* Notice : in that sentence upon can be shortened to

on. All have the same meaning.

A group words with an adverb as its head. This

adverb
may be accompanied by modifiers or qualifiers.

How?
When?
Where?
An adverb phrase (also called an adverbial phrase) usually
answers one of these questions.

Examples :
Rama ran quickly. (How?)
Rama ran quickly with great speed.
He is coming now. (When?)
He is coming at this very moment.
He fell down. (Where?)
He fell to the ground.

A. Noun phrase is a group of word that

does the work of noun
Examples :
The boy wants something.
( The word something is a noun and it is
the object of the verb wants)

An important element of english

sentences is the preposional phrase. It
consists of a preposition of a preposition
(PREP) and its object. The object of a
preposition is a noun or pronoun.
The student studies in the library.

We enjoyed the party at your house.

S
v
o
prep
o of phrase
We went to the zoo in the afternoon.
Place
Time
* in most english Sentences place
comes before time

Change these adjective clauses to

adjective phrases !
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
2. The books that are on that shelf are
mine.
3. Anyone wants to come with us is
welcome.

Find out the adverb phrases then

change it to similar adverbs!
1. He does his work without anycare.
(how?)
2. She is coming at this very moment.
(when?)
3. You can by it in all places. (where?)

Make sentences with upon + -ing

1. When Tina crossed the marathon finish
line she fell in exhaustion.
2. I bowed my head when i met the king.
3. When you finish the examination, bring
your paper to the front of the room.

Find out the noun phrases on these

sentences !
1. Early to bed is a good maxim.
2. We enjoy playing football.
3. Standing about in a cold wet wind did
me no good.

Find out the prepositional phrases !

1. The waiter cleared the dirty dishes from
our table.
2. Trees tell during the violent strom.
3. We walked to the park after class.