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Abstract
The South Umm Gudair (SUG) oil field located in the Neutral
zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia has produced since
1968 from an active water drive carbonate reservoir of Lower
Cretaceous age. The lower zones are homogenous intervals of
higher permeability which appear to be sufficiently swept by
natural water drive over a period of time. The upper zones of
the reservoir are more heterogeneous and have lower
permeability in the range of 50-150 millidarcies. These upper
zones are relatively thin and are bound by tighter intervals that
act as effective barriers to the natural water drive system. Due
to the presence of barriers and low permeability intervals,
these zones have been poorly swept resulting in significant
volumes of by-passed oil remaining in these parts of the
reservoir.
The new approach of exploiting these reserves by drilling
and completing 4 horizontal and 2 horizontal side track (HST)
wells targeting the lower permeability portions of the reservoir
in the SUG field since January 2004; have yielded
considerable success in extracting significant incremental oil
production with the added benefit of very low water cut. This
success has led to field development plan to recover un-swept
oil reserves from these low permeability zones. This paper
summarizes the various aspects of field development plan
taking into consideration geology, reservoir data and
production data while highlighting the successes of the new
horizontal and HST wells in the low permeability reservoir
portions of the SUG field.
Introduction
The SUG field was discovered in 1966, and put on production
in 1968. The primary recovery mechanism is a combination of
edge and bottom water drive aquifers. The field has been
developed initially by vertical wells targeting all productive
zones; which have been perforated and produced commingled.
The SUG field today produces approximately 70,000 Barrel of
Oil Per Day (BOPD) and 80,000 Barrel of Water Per Day
(BWPD) from 64 active oil wells, out of which 23 are
horizontal and HST wells. All wells are produced by artificial
lift using Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). Location and
structure maps of the field are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.
Carbonate Reservoir
The Ratawi Oolite carbonate reservoir is an anticlinal
structural trap. The Early Cretaceous reservoir section was
subjected to folding during the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary
times associated with compressional events. The dominant
carbonate lithologies consist of pelloidal/skeletal grainstones
with lesser amounts of packstones, wackestones and minor
mudstones. The Ratawi Oolite section at SUG is considered
to have been deposited on a very broad, shallow, carbonate
platform. Deposition occurred in inner ramp tidal flat, lagoon,
and higher energy ramp crest environments.
Deeper water more micritic lithologies, associated with
flooding events at the base of these depositional cycles, form
important reservoir barriers across large portion of the field.
Low energy, tight, shallow shelf mudstone and wackestones of
Upper Ratawi Oolite formation overlie the porous reservoir
section.
The upper and the lower part of the reservoir are fairly
different with respect to formation characteristics. The lower
zones (M4 to M12) are relatively homogeneous with
permeabilities ranging from 300 to 400 millidarcies. The
upper zones (M1 to M3b) of the reservoir are more
heterogeneous and have lower permeabilities ranging from
50-150 millidarcies (called Low Permeability Reservoir).
These intervals have a fining upward lithologic signature, as
evidenced from the open hole logs of the wells. The reservoir
layers are illustrated in the cross-section shown in Fig. 3.
Several potential barriers are known to affect the vertical
communication within the reservoir. Most of these barriers
appear to be local, but at least two of these tight vertical
barriers of fairly wide lateral extension have been identified in
the reservoir. Barrier-1 is within the Low Permeability
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References
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Table-1
Grid layer
Pay
Por
Kh
(%)
(md)
Kv/Kh
Layer
thickness
Sw
(%)
(ft)
1
M3a
15
50
0.2
2
3
M3b
20
100
0.4
4
5
6
M4
25
150
0.6
10
0.20
10
0.20
10
0.20
10
0.25
10
0.46
10
0.67
_______________________________________________________________
Madan Jha works as Asset Management Team Geologist for Joint
Operations, Saudi Arabian Texaco- Kuwait Oil Company. He holds a
MS degree in Applied Geology from IIT University of Roorkee, India.
Madan has 19 years Industry experience, the initial 14 years with Oil
India Ltd ex Burmah Oil Company UK as Senior Geologist working for
Onshore Oil & Gas fields and Offshore Exploration project before
joining Joint Operations in 1999. He is member of Petroleum
Exploration Society of Australia (PESA) and Society of Petroleum
Engineers (SPE). Thanh Tran works as Asset Management Team
Leader and Senior Petroleum Engineer for Joint Operations, Saudi
Arabian Texaco- Kuwait Oil Company. He holds a BS degree in
Petroleum Engineering from University of Tulsa, USA. Thanh has 23
years Industry experience in Production operation, Reservoir
management, Horizontal drilling and Geosteering. Brd Hagtvedt
works as Asset Management Team Senior Reservoir Engineer for Joint
Operations, Seconded from TOTAL-Kuwait to Kuwait Oil Company. He
holds a MS degree in Reservoir Engineering from the Technical
University of Trondheim, Norway.
Brd has 14 years industry
experience as a Reservoir Engineer for TOTAL which includes:
Reservoir management, Field monitoring, Field operations and
Numerical Simulation.
Mohammad Al-Haimer works as Asset
Management Team Senior Reservoir Engineer for Joint Operations,
Saudi Arabian Texaco- Kuwait Oil Company. He holds a BS degree in
Petroleum Engineering from University of Southern California, USA.
Al-Haimer has 7 years industry experience in Field operations &
monitoring, Reservoir management and Numerical Simulation.
Musaad Al-Harbi works as Asset Management Team Geologist for
Joint Operations, Saudi Arabian Texaco- Kuwait Oil Company. He
holds a BS degree in Geology from Kuwait University. Musaad has 13
years Industry experience as a Development Geologist with Saudi
Arabian Texaco. He is member of American Association of Petroleum
Geologist (AAPG) and Society of Petroleum Well Log Analysts
(SPWLA).
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