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RESEARCH ON FRANCE
France
Archeological excavations indicate that France has been continuously settled since Paleolithic
times. The Celts, who were later called Gauls by the Romans, migrated from the Rhine valley into
what is now France. In about 600 B.C. , Greeks and Phoenicians established settlements along the
Mediterranean, most notably at Marseille. Julius Caesar conquered part of Gaul in 5752 B.C. ,
and it remained Roman until Franks invaded in the 5th century A.D.
The Treaty of Verdun (843) divided the territories corresponding roughly to France, Germany, and
Italy among the three grandsons of Charlemagne. Charles the Bald inherited Francia Occidentalis,
which became an increasingly feudalized kingdom. By 987, the crown passed to Hugh Capet, a
princeling who controlled only the Ile-de-France, the region surrounding Paris. For 350 years, an
unbroken Capetian line added to its domain and consolidated royal authority until the accession in
1328 of Philip VI, first of the Valois line. France was then the most powerful nation in Europe, with
a population of 15 million.
France Geography
France is about 80% the size of Texas. In the Alps
near the Italian and Swiss borders is western
Europe's highest pointMont Blanc (15,781 ft; 4,810
m). The forest-covered Vosges Mountains are in the
northeast, and the Pyrnes are along the Spanish
border. Except for extreme northern France, the
country may be described as four river basins and a
plateau.
Etymology of France
The name "France" comes from the Latin Francia, which means "country of the Franks".[15]
Originally it applied to the whole Empire of the Franks. Modern France is still named today Francia
in the Italian and Spanish languages and Frankreich in the German language (and Frankrijk in
Dutch), meaning "Frank Reich", the Realm of the Franks.
French Flag
The French flag was officially adopted on February 15, 1794
The national flag of France is a tricolour flag featuring three
vertical bands coloured royal blue (hoist side), white, and
red. It is known to English speakers as the French Tricolour
or simply the Tricolour (French: Tricolore).
The flag - the tricolore - consists of three vertical bands of
equal width, displaying the country's national colors: blue,
white and red. The blue band is positioned nearest the flagstaff, the white in the middle, and the red on the outside.
Red, white and blue have come to represent liberty, equality and fraternity - the ideals of the
French Revolution. Blue and red are also the time-honored colors of Paris, while white is the color
of the Royal House of Bourbon.
Modern France
France covers 640,679 square kilometres (247,368 sq mi) and has a population of 66.6 million. It is
a semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the nation's largest city and the main cultural
and commercial center. The Constitution of France establishes the country as secular and
democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people.
Language
French (le franais [l fs] or la langue franaise [la l fsz]) is a Romance language,
belonging to the Indo-European family. It descended from the spoken Latin language of the Roman
Empire, as did languages such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, Catalan and others.
French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in
Northern Gaul.
French is the second-most widespread language worldwide after English, being an official
language in 29 countries, most of which are members of la francophonie, the community of
French-speaking countries. It is spoken as a first language in France, southern Belgium, western
Switzerland, Monaco.
Accomplishment
FASHION
France is a leading fashion counrty in the fashion industry , along with italy , the United Kingdom ,
Japan and the Usa . Fashion is an important part of the countryss culture life and society . French
design became prominent during the 15th century through the 20th century, when artistic
development in France was at its peak. The fashion industry has been an important cultural export
of France since the seventeenth century since modern haute couture originated in the French
capital at the 1860s. Paris acts as the center of the countrys fashion industry . Paris is also home
to many premier fashion brands such as Chanel , Louis Vuitton , Dior and etc.
FOOD
French cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices from France. Guillaume Tirel Taillevent,
a court chef, wrote Le Viandier, one of the earliest recipe collections of medieval France. During
that time, French cuisine was heavily influenced by Italian cuisine. In the 17th century, chefs
Franois Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Carme spearheaded movements that shifted
French cooking away from its foreign influences and developed France's own indigenous style.
Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine, playing different roles regionally and nationally,
with many variations and appellation d'origine contrle (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws.French
cuisine was codified in the 20th century by Auguste Escoffier to become the modern haute cuisine;
Escoffier, however, left out much of the regional culinary character to be found in the regions of
France and was considered difficult to execute by home cooks. Gastro-tourism and the Guide
Michelin helped to acquaint people with the rich bourgeois and peasant cuisine of the French
countryside starting in the 20th century. Gascon cuisine has also had great influence over the
cuisine in the southwest of France. Many dishes that were once regional have proliferated in
variations across the country.
Knowledge of French cooking has contributed significantly to Western cuisines and its criteria are
used widely in Western cookery school boards and culinary education. In November 2010, French
gastronomy was added by the UNESCO to its lists of the world's .
TIMELINE OF FRANCE
PREHISTORY
Homo Erectus, who lived around 950,000 B.C., was the first human found in France. With the end
of the Ice Age, prehistoric man began to settle down in more permanent agricultural settlements
(Neolithic Revolution). The Celts came from Central Europe and settled in Gaul around 2500 B.C.
The Celts were iron workers and dominated Gaul until 125 B.C., when the Roman Empire began
its reign in southern France.
ANTIQUITY (200BC-481)
Julius Caesar led the Romans into Gaul during the Gallic Wars (58-51 BC). When Augustus
became emperor of Rome, the result was two centuries of relative peace and prosperity known as
the Pax Romana. During the 2nd century, Romans brought Christianity into Gaul. However, by the
third century the Roman Empire had begun its decline. The fourth century started with Barbarian
invaders from the East such as the Franks, the Vandals and the Visigoths. People feared for their
safety and began allying themselves with local lords in exchange for protection from the
barbarians. In this way, the feudal society that would characterize so much of the Medieval Age
began to emerge. Christianity in France received a boost when Clovis, King of the Franks,
converted to Christianity. In some ways Clovis' reign brought stability and unity to France, but in
some ways it also contributed to fragmentation, because Clovis divided up the territory as gifts and
rewards.
RENAISSANCE (1453-1598)
Francois I strengthened the French Crown during the early 16th century. He also welcomed to
France many Italian artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci. Their influence assured the success of the
Renaissance style. The years between 1562 and 1598 saw an increase in the number of the
Huguenots (Protestants), which led to the Wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants.
Catherine de Medici ordered the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of hundreds of Protestants. In
1589, Henri IV, who was a target of the massacre, became the first Bourbon king of France and
wisely converted to Catholism. Henry ended the Wars of Religion with the Edict of Nantes, which
guaranteed religious and political rights to the Huguenots.
REVOLUTION (1715-1804)
The majority of the population of France was made up of commoners, who resented the privileges
enjoyed by the nobles and clergy. In addition, the growth of new ideas during the 18th century's
Enlightment resulted in thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau beginning to question the
principles of the old regime and absolutism. These thinkers spoke of a liberal society that enjoyed
free commerce. They also championed equal rights and the abolition of the class system. The
notion of revolution was further encouraged by Frenchmen who had been exposed to the ideas
behind the American Revolution. In 1789 the crisis came to a head. On July 14th, a Parisian mob
revolted and stormed the Bastille prison, which was seen as a symbol of political oppression. The
French revolution had begun. On the August 26, 1789 the revolutionaries issued the Declaration of
the Rights of Man which embodied the principles of Libert, Egalit, and Fraternit, and was meant
to end the class system. During the Revolution, Louis XVI was guillotined, along with scores of
moderates and radicals, at the Place de la Revolution (now the Place de la Concorde).
Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety brought brought on the Reign of Terror in France.
RESREACH ON COSTUME
King Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
-EXTREMELY EXTRAVAGANT
-FINE FABRICS
-LARGE RIBBON BOWS TRIM WITH LACE AND FLOWERS
-WIDE PANNIERS
-FINEST SILK
-LACE AND GOLDEN THREAD FOR DECORATION
Napoleon Bonaparte
-BLUE COAT WITH SCARLET COLLAR AND EDGING AND WHITE WAIST COAT
-SILK STOCKING AND BREECHES
-GOLD EPAULETTES AND SMALL GILT BUTTONS
-LARGE AND PLAIN HAT
PARLIAMENT
-INNER COAT, WAIST COAT AND TAIL COAT
-BREECHES, LONG STOCKING AND LEATHER BOOTS
Dr. Joseph/Dr.Guillotine
Commoner
-WHITE BLOUSE
-WHITE CORNETT
-BROWN BODICES
-LONG GREEN SKIRT AND WHITE APRON
Before the French revolution , France was a very peaceful country who King Louis 16th led. After
the American Revolution, the France was in debt and King Louis started to increase the taxes .
During that time, Nobility and Clergy got the privilege to not pay for the Tax . The King ordered
Antonia Lavoisier, the tax collector which was involved in tax corruption. Commoner started to felt
unfair because they needed to pay for the taxes . Commoner started to rebel against the
king .They held a meeting which called out all the estate generals ( national assembly ) which
wasn't held since 1614 and it's the first meeting with a full attendance for 175 years.During the
evening,the commoner wanted to form their own national assembly .The king rejected it and closed
the door during the mid break . The commoner found another place which is an indoor tennis court
to held their assembly.
The king sent his troop to Paris to quell up the rise due to the food storage but sadly the
commoners see it as a provocation. During the revolution, the commoners abolished the ancient
regime, feudal rights, tithes privileges and unequal tax. After that they declare the rights of man
and citizens into a new constitution. During that time, theres a rumour saying that Marie Antoinette,
the queen boarded grain inside inside the palace which causes the Woman march to happen.
Woman march is an event which women stormed into the palace and demand the king and queen
to go back to Paris. Unable to withstand the rebel, they moved back from Versailles to Paris. As a
result the country is now controlled by the national assembly. This caused the King to lose his
power. Next, the assembly voted to suspend the monarchy and have a new election which
everyone gains a chance to vote. Due to that, a new Republican Constitution is formed. Towards
the end, King Louis XVII was killed by Guillotine because he was found guilty. A guillotine is an
execution machine created by Dr. Joseph involving beheading prisoners which was considered a
more humane way back then. After the guillotine was created, this begins the terror of the country.
almost everyone who was found guilty was killed by the machine including Marie Antoinette, the
queen of King Louis XVII. This action was performed until 1977.
After the death of King Louis XVII, Napoleon Bonaparte came back to France. He became the first
consul of French and proclaimed himself as the Emperor. He is more monarch than King Louis
XVII. During his ruling, the church became much more wear because they lost their land and tithes.
He is the one who restored the French monarchy. The process is completed in a 4 years time.
Napoleon died at the Helena island in the year of 1821
The first two classes doesn't need to pay taxes while the commoners need to pay more than they
earned.
Which causes the rebel from the commoners as the feminism happened before French Revolution.
Commoners were very angry and started to fight against the King which started the French
Revolution.
ENGINEERING ( Guillotine )
It was originally developed as a more humane method of execution. The origins of the French
guillotine date back to late-1789, when Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed that the French
government adopt a gentler method of execution.
The guillotine became the symbol of a string of executions: Louis XVI had already been guillotined
before the start of the terror; Marie-Antoinette, the Girondists, Philippe galit, Madame Roland
and many others lost their lives under its blade
The following year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed France since 1795,
offered to let Napoleon lead an invasion of England. Napoleon determined that Frances naval
forces were not yet ready to go up against the superior British Royal Navy. Instead, he proposed
an invasion of Egypt in an effort to wipe out British trade routes with India. Napoleons troops
scored a victory against Egypts military rulers, the Mamluks, at the Battle of the Pyramids in July
1798; soon, however, his forces were stranded after his naval fleet was nearly decimated by the
British at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798. In early 1799, Napoleons army launched an
invasion of Ottoman-ruled Syria, which ended with the failed siege of Acre, located in modern-day
Israel. That summer, with the political situation in France marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious
and cunning Napoleon opted to abandon his army in Egypt and return to France.
STORY DESIGN
E: Oui Madame. Oui Madame. Oui Madame. Oui Madame. Oui Madame.
W: Erica! Erica! Erica!
E: Oui Madame. Oui Madame. Oui Madame. x2
W: Where is my supper? Its was already suppose to be here by noww~
Catholic Church and most of its higher clergy were extremely wealthy. The Church owned roughly
10 per cent of the land in France and collected revenue of about 150 million livres a year, mainly
from rents and tithes. Not only did it have a massive annual income but the Church paid no direct
taxation to the state.
[ All the commoner and nobility just came out from the church and receive a news . ]
V : Attention to all the people . Queen Marie would like to invite all the nobility to a lavish party at
Versailles Palace .
V : Ladies and Gentlemen , let the party begin
W : Your majesty
LV : Your dress looks so pretty
[ keep walking with the king ]
LV : Look at her dress , So ugly
Iggy : HOHOHO , nothing prettier my love
LV : Of Course
[ the king and queen dancing at the middle ]
[ light off ]
why do others
can be free from the tax
that is unfair
i want my own rights back
give me all you have
and get lose now
so pay me now
[vincent]
pay tax pay tax
i wont let you escape
pay tax pay tax
it belongs to the king
[ lights off ]
Due to the rebellion by commoners , the King held a meeting which called out all the estate
generals which wasn't held since 1614 and it's the first meeting with a full attendance for 175
years.
E: There is so many unfairness between commoner and others class . We want to form our own
national assembly !!!
MK: No ! the king will not allow you all to form any assembly !
[ crowd arguing ]
MK: times up ! time for tea break !
When the assembly is having a break , the king assign his men to close the door and forbid the
commoners to join the assembly .But the commoners found another place to hold an assembly
which is in an indoor tennis court .
The king sent his troop to Paris to quell up the rise due to the food storage but the commoners see
it as a provocation.
[ Do you heard the people sing ]
During the revolution, the commoners abolished the ancient regime, feudal rights, tithes privileges
and unequal tax. After that they declare the rights of man and citizens into a new constitution.
Scene Three - King & Queen been moved out from Versailles to Paris
During that time, theres a rumour saying that Marie Antoinette, the queen boarded grain inside the
palace which causes the Woman march to happen. Woman march is an event which women
stormed into the palace and demand the king and queen to go back to Paris.
[women]
At the end of the day you're another day famish ,
And that's all you can say for the life of the poor.
It's a struggle, it's a fight ,
And there's nothing that anyone's giving.
One more day, standing about, what is it for?
One day less to be living.
At the end of the day you're another day fatter,
And the shirt on your back doesn't fit into you.
And the righteous hurry past,
You don't hear the little ones crying...
And the famine coming on fast, ready to kill.
One day nearer to dying!
At the end of the day we found food in your palace ,
And the sun in the morning we ready to storm .
And we march in to palace ,
Like a storm that'll break any second...
There's a hunger in the land,
There's are people still need to be feed ...
And there's gonna be tax to pay,
At the end of the day!
[IGGY]
Fate against me
i am the king
how dare you could behead me
[Zhi Yong]
you this scumbag
see the blood spilled
kill you with my guillotine
at this moment
without delay
lose the incisive knife
whats your last word
you this villain
before i start the execution!
[ man Kit took the kings head and drink his blood ]
A guillotine is an execution machine created by Dr. Joseph to behead prisoners which was
considered a more humane way during that time. After the guillotine was created, the terror of the
country began. almost everyone who was found guilty was killed by the machine including Queen
Marie Antoinette . This action was performed until 1977.
[Commoners]
who is he x 2
the man with the horse
who is he x 2
the man look so short
[Napoleon]
Im the emperor come and save the france
restore the french monarchy Im back for now and on .
[Commoners]
he is back x 2
good news x 2
NB : im here to declare the french revolution to fight for the equality and you all will be save
[Commoners]
lets us all have faith on him And now we all got hope
He is more monarch than King Louis XVII and he is the one who declare the french revolution .
During his ruling, the church became much weaker because they lost their land and tithes. He is
the one who restored the French monarchy in a 4 years time. Napoleon died at the Helena island
in the year of 1821 due to the reason of weakening of his armies and overthrown by his enemies .
[ The End ]