é L U 84 4, NI _Student’s’Book 4 mom Dar Rte ee OCR ucAttittide Student's Book 4 Kate Fuscoe Barbara Garside Luke Prodromou eA ENNIOUnit 1 Youand me Lesson 1 Names 6 Revew and extension: smote Present, simple past Lesson 2 Signaivres 1B) Review and extension: present. | Adjectives desorbing personaly | progressive Lesson 3 Colors 10 Colors and color colocations Lesson 4 Dancers THRE Recycle: sci present. simple | ast, present progressive Ui in ies ome en ny vy PS cy Unit 4 Together eM and exaraion: ‘uture plans and intentions °, Lesson 1 Fore 18. ev an ecenson Unit 2 spe past Used 1.00, 0 sea t0.d0n Fame and Lesson 2 Having a fortune 18 ‘Money: noun-verb colocations fortune Lesson 3 Regrels BD) Regrets: ! wish /if only ‘School and careers: Intonation expressing interest coco andres iaston § Soyeu wantio | 22 Race: smpe present aoe vinomiion? fash present progres Unit 2 Language Resource MBH) Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary . Lesson 1 Calphones 26 Fevew and exterior presert Unit 3 oaeeee ee RUconnected? Lesson 2 Netizens 28 The internet iesson 3 Tak QD faves ised win Verbs oflang prose porect aston 4 The Word Wide G2 Racy: rr past and od E Wied Houma cary ter / ent TN . ‘Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary Itonation: recogniing and expressing interest (org 0, present proaressie, ‘Siete presen) iesson 2 Marioge: o djing 40. Predctng 0 Theisen ie instiuton? will gong 10, es se expences Lesson 3 Friendship 2 Second covcitonal Frenasip: colocations lesson 4 Asseriyoursell dk Roce. present pao, aches sed with present perect Unit 4 Language Resource [Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary a ON Ua ed Units = 48. Toes conctinal Every objects ‘Stross on comeound nouns Eureka! itsson Svea dixon 5 Desai fa iesson 3 Serendipiy 2) Revew and odension past Dare sree ard proresshe iesson 4 Gorgas A) Detring rate causes Pecyae ist ard second conatonal Unit 5 Language Resource [BA Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary Ce 5 Lesson I Factorfcton? 68 Deckcton and possbyn te YLsretre Unit 6 cannes ‘have + past patope Words, words, WOFdS, — Tesson 2 Ficlon @ Figuing ait meaning words fomoxtet iesson 3 Fodttofariosy 7otina epetion lesson 4 Urban myihshea A magazine article Exchanging information about names An normal ema A conversation ‘aravang and discussing hanging ‘A porearach ‘Alec ‘Making associations with colors Comparing a writen Aeorparaive ceccrpion | Atow gue (Comparng and contrasting and spoken tax paintnas Develop your learning Using a dictionary A boganny ‘Armin autobiography Spaskng from graph information A profs ofa famous parson Trteniews Shot biography exacts conversation Discussing personal regrets retrctens Witting questions toraque | Aquz Develop your writing Ieformal e-mails an temet ari ‘Anintoriow Discussing use of ealphones| Arragazine ai Wing “chat : Anewspaperarice TA ascusOn Discussing proberns| ‘Alectre ‘Alecture Designing and presenting a Wied ste Caren) ceniic arice Discussing intentions cal sence atte "an inert posing Discussing family ane marrage A regaane questo iteniows Discussing fiendship Armagazine questionaire Poope doing a quz ‘Answering a questionnaire Develop your writing Adscursive essay Amagazhe aide Hypothesizng Amagazre wide Trtervew wih a TV chat Dasaussing food and dats 7 biographialarice Asher say Dassissng myths about Cobmous Spedaist magazine ods ‘A descrtion of@ gadget | Inventing and presenting new gadgets Develop your learning Speaking Agu ‘A rac ienview Taking and dscussing a quz Extracts fom roves The continuation ofa stay Discussing books and reasons forreading ‘Anewspaperaricle Predaing fom headines| (ban gerd ‘an anecdote Tan anecdote Tang an anecdote Develop your writingUnit? See 2 ieeson 8 aya BD titers ecg eet | Acouive cecsry pera | natin oe Body language rom m u fe ison 3 Dshonesy 7 Tero ieceon 4 Winfew veuol 18 Foc: doaicon and vocal, verbal eesti n the pest, the passive Unit 8 ast ReaseeTS a anc) Sports lesson 2 Sakdeionse 82 Sopressng purpose Pars of tie body Weak ferme wth ieson 3 Naren ae? Weed omancions to skietve 9 er Lesson 4 The Olympics 86 Recycle: linkers expressing: cones ar srg vets Unit 9 esate) versace cs [rr mene Banari ‘eon 210 Yorgi cas beauty lesson 3 The secret ofa 4 Revew ag questions Tica and dsaase intonation natn tgs iesson 4 Tole Bp Pesce st Heligences Conactons, roa Sauses fend relative clauses Unit10 M02) Fo ec arson : The world Tesson 2 link GR Voce te stead Conan Sess in phases aroundus ——iggson GT = lesson 4 Cimatechonge 108 Unith = 12 ni iasson 2 Video ames ft New caine 2 Colac wih veo Bessrg carte Reaiid Cgrebive ceses inoraton Tmssen 3 WorneW?H16 Revew candicnals Teva ores ison 4 Nene? TIE Racy: oda be ace onc pane mary Uniti2 er ets Looking ahead isan nwa ERIS 1B Funcions ooncionas | Furor edicaion Lesson 3 Which hire? 125 Fite prosyeasive ard Rte Echo aestons erect lesson 4 Guiemasier 128 Pocyce:enguago ard contort cf the Sliders Book Song sheets 134 Communication acwites 148. Dictionary work 182A paychology atide ‘A deta description ofa face Desorting people's faxes Trierdow wih an expat Making Fierences about character ‘Aquestonnare : Discussing amor dies A shot story Arle play eb ads, OVS and ‘An wtervew panel ‘Assessing candies iervewers' notes Making a resentsion tung arrorngiek Develop your leaming dotonary Extracts rom a sports| Ranking photographs magazine accarng fo citere ‘Baraat fem a maria ats | An aavos leit on eocurty | Aradio phonesh ook ‘An interne arice ‘a iioaral conversation ‘role play Castes A committee Gacusson Debating the rol of the Oymeics Develop your writing ‘A short report Arado presenters notes ‘A presentation Discussing bosuty and how its maintaned malate “Topi and eupporing Takng and disoussing Anintemet aril sentences aniQ. test “Anewspanerarice ‘Arado discussion Discussing ways ofimerovng ite expectancy. Abook enact ‘Annfomal dscusson ‘anaiyzng leaning ses Develop your leaming eat ead Aqua ‘Acconwersation Taking and discussing @ auz Amegazie article ‘Arado hiewiow Discussing waste Amagazine aricle A discussie essay ‘A debaia Discussing GM food AFAQ page FAQs ona webate ‘college seminar Extracts fom a science book Develop your writing Exiting your work ATV program review Arevew ofa TV show ‘Arado phone-in Discussing TV progams Amagazne eric ‘Arado ntoniow Exracts For magazines ‘Arado phone-in Discussing TV viewing Fabs Penning aTV schedie code of conduct resenting ideas fr code of conduct, Develop your learning Working wath vocebulary ‘An oxen leet ‘An informal tak ‘Agreeing end dsegrecing ‘with statements ‘Awab page ‘Aforral emal requesting Discussing further education Avwebste ad Irfornation ‘Anewspaperaricie ‘Apalicans Sea Making and discussing predictions insiastons Aaiz End-of yer quiz Develop your writing Cee earsae You andme 1 Speaking skills 4 Put a chock next to the words that describe your first namo or your last name, Myfirst-Mylast 2 Reading skills name... name... 4 maging you are an agent for aE sown eters ad sng Look at some names of your new clients, Would you advise them to koop their names or change them? Why? / Why not? William Bradley Louise Ciccone Ramén Estévez Mary Ann Evans Nofialf Reyes Robert Zimmerman b Read the article bolow. Find the b In groups, exchange information about your names, ‘names that these people use. Why People Use Pseudonyms sy alex Mccarthy aan ee nena market. Soin the film world, Ramon You can't choose the name you are given wrote under 75 different names. The ___‘Estévez adopted the name Martin Sheen. at birth, but in many countries you can-—reason? “When I use a diferent name,|___ Or maybe the artist's real name doesn't change it legally when you reach always write in a different way,” he. sound very attractive — Chad Everett does adulthood. Of course, most people never explained. In most cases, however, the __sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton! change their names even if they feel reason is for social, historical, politcal, or unhappy about them. However, some cultural reasons. Here are some of the most _ Aitsts sometimes choose the narme of someone they admire, Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Bob Dylan because of ‘The person's real name is just too long and his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan people do take this course of action ~ common: particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes its ue Berson’ eal name sus aS eee Ceara amee ache” SMicittoranaeibarimr De pope Tt | Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, femember 25 [ust plain "Madonna". And ‘Another reason may be practicality: in the ast, women found it very dificult to get ~ published. To avoid this situation they } ‘sometimes gave themselves men's names, the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get her books published = pseudonym an invented name that an artist, ‘uses publiely instead oftheir real name Neftal Reyes. He did't want his father to {Se ee know he wes ving poetry 50 be changed sam names oe much eat area his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a : Foling man=Atother tines the easonr may Sates Resin ee appear eccentric; take the case of the ‘Sometimes names are changed for Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, who marketing purposes. For see ur wy Youandme© Who said these things? Read the article again and write the pseudonyms. (There may be more than one possible name.) 1 Well, I changed it to make it sound more 2. It's much easier for poople to remember, don't you think? 3. The chango means I can got my work published. 4 Basically, I made the change because of my father 5 Talways admired him so that’s why T adopted his namo. 4. Discuss these questions. 1 Did anything in the article surprise you? If so what? 2 Which namos in the article do you like thy most? Why? 3 Would you Why not? wer change your name? Why? @ Match the sentences with the correct definition, 1 Artists often change thei 2. Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton. 3 The Farth moves around the sun once every 365 days. 4 He change was a young man. 5 In the past, women found it very difficult published 6 fool unhappy about my name. a a single action that is now finished b a regular, ropeated action a fact that is always true d a prosont feeling or desire e acontinuous situation or a repeated action that is now finished £ a prosent fact that the sp. emphasize ker wants to b Complete the converss present or simple past. ‘A So what do your friends and family call you? B My friends here at college always 1 (call) me Richard, but my family calls me Buzz A “Buzz"? Why 2___ they that nickname? B Woll, when children play with cars they normally 3___(say) Broom, but when 1 was a child Talways 4 say) Buzz. So they called me “Buzz’ A Weird! And when did they give you your nickname? (give) you B When 15 (be) about four. A And 6 you (like) the name? B Hmm, 17 (like) it, but I wouldn't want my friends to call me “Buzz’ his name to Pablo Neruda when he ® @ Listen, Notice how some words in the sentence are stressod more than others. Do you lke the name? ‘What does your family call you b Which kind of words are strossod, o.g. vorbs, nouns, articles? Why? © Mark the stressed words in this conversation. ‘A So what does your family call you? B They call me “Buzz A “Buzz”? Why do they call you “Buzz”? B Because when I was a kid Imade that sound when I played with my cars A Do you like the n Liston and check your answers. Then repos In groups, talk about the following: 1 your first name and how you got it. 2 your nickname and how you got it. bb Toll the class about anything interesting you discovered,Signatures 2 Listening skills a. Write one of your answers from Exercise 1¢ onto a piece of paper and add your signature, b_ Now compare your handwriting with other students. 1 The average handwriting is 3mm in height, for lottors such as a,c, n tsyours LANGE, oy or average 2 2 Does your handwriting slope tothe right or the Toh? 3 Are your letters coviected or Separate ? 4 Do your letters have (iy 5 Does your Wink riting Vvang® ris it always the same in one sentence]? Be Listonto a couple talking. How do you think they are feeling? 2d Listen again. Put a check by the adjectives in NO scion tn that dota Js 4 Cemmeshatnat oe: 1 Rob i weoding/ watching TV 2 Jane finds grephology intersting / boring 2 [Rob toss Jen's conumante sxriaualy / igh 4 Rob wants to watch TV / talk to Jane The analysis of Jane’s handwriting suggests her 1 Vocabulary: adjectives describing a petcacaaltty 6 Rob watches a lot of basoball and Jane feels Do you think the adjectives in the box have a okay about it/ieetated by it positive, neutral, or nogative meaning? Write them in the correct column 3 Speaking skill: active attractive boring cold conservative ‘4 Complete the table on the opposite page for cooperative friendly generous independent yourself by checking the “Me" column levitating lonely orgenized proud realist b Look at your partner's handwriting sample from relaxed romantic serious shy Exercise 2a, Complete the “Partner” column. ¢ In pairs, discuss the results. Are the descriptions correct for you and your partner? Positive Neutral Negative 4 In your opinion, is there any truth in graphology? I USEFUL LANGUAGE 1b Use the adjectives to describe yourself or someone you know. I'm kind of relaxed because I think life is too short to worry ‘My cousin Mary is very irritating. She can talk for hours and tha € Which adjectives would you most like to be and which would you most hate to be? drives me craz; Prd love to be organized, but I'm not! I waste a lot of time. Td hate to be shy because it makes communication very difficult Unit Youandme4 Grammar review and extension: present progressive ‘a Mateh the 1 Tcan't go fora walk right now because Pm studying for an exam. 2 The rate of inflation is rising quickly now. 3 You're always watching baseball! 4 I'm staying with a friend until I find an apartment. 5 I'm seeing my parents next weekend. b There are some mistakes in the sentences below. Put a check next to the correct sentences. Correct the wrong ones. ‘Mmm, delicious. 1m liking this wine. X Mmm, delicious. [like this wine. ‘Are you knowing that strange man across the stroot? 1 Hi 8 I'see what you mean. 4 T'm having two brothers and a sister. 5 6 She's very rich! She owns three houses and two apartments! 'm boing tirod and am wanting to go on vacation. 5 Reading skills ‘Road Jane's e-mail to Maureen, Choose the correct tense. 1b Road the e-mail again, Answer the questions. 1. What is the relationship between Maureen and Jane? 2 Why is Jane writing so late at night? 3. How does jane feel? Why? 4 What is Jane’s good news? © Tell your partner about someone you know who is “a pain” There's a guy in my class who thinks she knows everything, He's always interrupting the teacher. Share your stories with the class, -xamples of the present progressive with their meanings. 4 This describes a situation that is developing or changing. b This describes a tomporary situation or activity. © This describes a definite arrangement that will ‘happen in the future, 4 This describes an irritating habit that someone has. © This describes an action happening now. Stative verbs are not normally used. ‘in the progressive form beceuse the ‘esl i describing "ate" and not “actions” ‘belong to. tennis club. ff ‘Tm belonging to a tennis club. X Hi Maureen, It’s midnight and I'm tired but 1 / write /I’m writing to you now because it's the only time | have to do anything, since I'm so busy! 2 have /I'm having a new job - 3 I'm working /1 work at Food to Go, a fast food place. It's only for a few weeks but it's horrible. | work like a slave! There's this girl | work with. | think 4 you’re knowing /you know her. Jenny Carpenter? She's a real pain! You know the type ~ 5 she always complains /she’s always complaining! 6 | make /I’m ‘making the burgers and she’s supposed to do the French fries, but in fact 7 she never does /she’s never doing anything. Anyway, life isn't all bad. Remember Dave Jenkins? 8 / see /I’m seeing him next Saturday night! ‘Write soon, Love, Jane Youandme ‘Unita What color terms do you associate with the items in the box? Make combinations with these words. LANGUAGE NOTE black, blond, blue, brown 1k, light, gray, green, hazel, red, rosé, white, yellow 12 coffee meat bread eyes hair people (skin color) on eggs ~ brown, white, yellow b Check your answers with the Vocabulary Summary on page 14 ‘a Wo often associate words, especially adjectives, with colors. Do you agree or disagroe with the descriptions of the colors below? Give reasons. 1 blue (radical, cold) agree that blue is cold ~ blue eyes can be cold. 2 brown (warm, friendly) 3 yollow (quiet, happy) 4 green (polluting, dull) 5 red (loving, aggressive) 6 gray (respectable, fun) 7 black (unhappy, negative) 8 white (pure, death-like) b Think of other adjectives that you associate with these colors. Why’? I think that blue is a calm color. Its a good colar for bedrooms.3 Li: 1 You are going 1 listen to part ofa lecture on “Colors and Culture”, What do o think the sponkor wil talk about? @b Liston to Part 1 oF the lecture. Which two colors doos the speaker talk about? How did you guess? Be Look atthe notes a student made on Part 2 of “Colors and Culture”, Liston and complete them, ening skills d Disc 1. What do blue and white mean in your country? 2 What do you personally associate with thase colors? 3 Do you have any expressions in your language related to these colors? What are they? Can you think of expressions related to other colors? 4 What other colors have special meanings in your country? Are there expressions related to these colors? these questions, 4 Writing skills 4 Read this short text. Would you be attracted to thi Why? / Why not? b Make notes on these questions. 1. How important is the color of clothes to you? 2. What colors do you tend to wear and why? 3 What colors in clothes, ifany, don't you like and why? 4 Do the colors of your clothes represent your personality? Why? / Why not? Use your notes to write a short paragraph like the one in Exercise da Give your paper to the teacher. Read out the paper your teacher gives to you. Gan the other stuclents guess who the writer is? Your Unitpre ateciks b Discuss these questions. 1 Do you have a favorite artist? Whe isitt What type of work does/did the person do? ou have a favorite painting? Talk about it. 2 Task In groups, quickly find as many differences as you can between the two paintings above and write them down. 3 Prepare In paits, write a short description comparin contrasting the two paintings. Use these categories: The people and the place The activities The feelings, the colors, and the clot 4 Feedback Report the differences you found to the class. Listen to the other pairs and note down any differences that you didn't find. nit | | Youandme av fa In pairs, put the words and phrases into the appropriate catagory in the table. arm up A watercolor Irs. picture of two 0's wearing An oil painting An 1éth-contury landscape An Impressionist painting (by [think i's German. An abstract work A self-portrait (of ..) Itshows Like it because of the In the foreground /background Phrases describing paintings 5 Compare @ a Liston to tour guide talking to visitors in an art gallery. How many of your points does the speaker mention? Make a note of the points you missed. Db Read the sentences below and complete with some of the words from the box. Then listen to the tour guide again and check your answers. fashion landscapes heme seascapes the city the country passion portraits. s theme the town 1 Renoir painted ___and 2 The two paintings show dancers in 3 Both paintings have a similar — 4. Red is the color of love and‘4 Compare the written and spoken texts about the artist, Renoir Make a list of differences between the two tots. Auguste Renoir: born Limoges, France, 1841; died Cagnes, 1919. One of the greatest French impressionists, Renoir primarily painted portraits and landscapes. Dance in the Counwry and Dance in the City, two of Renoir’s most famous paintings, both feature a young couple dancing. Despite similarities in theme, there are several interesting differences between the paintings. In the former, one can see a bearded BEANS | young woman. This young woman appears extremely happy, whereas the young, woman in Dance in the City appears somewhat uninterested ‘The assumption is that the first woman is in lo’ her partner whereas akon text? © Give examples of similar expressions in your own language 4 In pairs or small groups, choose one of the paintings on thi age (or one your teacher gives you). Together, make nates on then write a short description of it b Present your description of the painting to the class. Don’t just read out the written description ~ remember that spoker English is different from written E 8 ‘Tour guide Now as many of you wil know, Renoir was 2 French impressionist - one of the best. He wes, uh, he was bor in Limoges in 1841 and died in 1919. He painted al kinds of pictures, but, uh, but he mosty painted portraits end landscapes. Okay, uh... Okay, ow, 80... noW here we S66 two of Renci’s best -krown paintings: the fst one is called Dance in the Country and the second one is called Dance in the Cy and ... Un... YoU oan see they both have a simiar Uh. kind of. theme: young couples dancing, Okay lot's bagi by looking atthe people, Notice that in both pictures we have a young couple dancing but there ae some... Um... interesting dferences. The fis hing, uh we notice isthe man in the fist picture this one, Dance in the County — we can see his face, he has ‘beard and he is stancing very close to the young lacy, ‘kay’? In Dance in the Cty, we can't realy sae the man's face at al. Okay, now look caretuly at this git ‘and compare her tothe gir in the other pic, uh Dance inthe Giy. You can see the frst one's sing and seems realy happy, but the other one seems kind ‘of bored so we ... we ...uh ... get the feng that the first woman is crazy about hi... in love wth the man,Grammar Summary 1 Review and extension of simple present Use 2. facts, things that ae true: The sun rises in the east and sets in the wast 'b permanent stuations end states: ve in Bra work as an engineer. {© routine, regular actions: often go to the mowes. | usually watch comedies. fealings anc desires atthe present time: want a break, | eo! trea. ‘© emphasizing a factteeing ‘He does lve here: sure! Ido love you! Form Atfrrative: She works ina bank. Hor two trends wark there, 100, ‘Negative: She doesn't work on the weekend, They don’t work iate very often, (Question: Does sie work hard? Do they work through lunch? Emphatic: We do want you to stay longer ~ it's ust that we won't be here. 2 Review and extension of simple past | | Use + singe ation inthe past that sno iho We went to barat ight + acontruousstuaton or repeated action thats no | fared: Peopo hed poverty hose as. Tey offen ec young | + emphasing aacitesing | You ce ay you'd meet me at ight, rot ie! Form ‘trative: We met fends ana has iz ast ight Negative: dd't meet unt praty lawn the evenrg. | Cveston: Did you meet tem at th restaurant? Enpate: a ell you! | Note the speling rules for reguar past forms: With most verbs, add -e0: look + looked, stay > stayed With verbs ending in -e, add -o tke +> tkad, move -> moved \With verbs ending in consonant + -y, remove -y and ad ied: study * studied, carry > carried With one-sylable verbs ending in consonant + vowel + ‘consonant, douise the consonent: plan > planned, plot > plotted ‘Alot of verbs have an irregular past form, which you need to lear: go-> went, buy > bought, eat » ate, tall tol, drink > rank 3 Review and extension of the present progressive Use + an action happening now: /’m reading about grammar. What care you dong? ‘+ a temporary situation or activity: My sisteris ving in France ‘ght now. She's studying French art and architecture +a situation that is developing or changing: Susan és losing @ Jt of weight, probably because her mother is getting sicker ‘and she's worried. + eniitating habit that someone has: Youre abvays interupting ‘me. Jot alvays turing up late hese days. + adetinte arangerent forthe fature: We're leaving ats tomorrow morning and meeting the others at the arport. Form Afferatve: Pm reading 2 aly interesting book ight now. Negative: We aren't reading very much right now. Question: Are you reading anything good? 1s the use of the tenses in these sentences correct? Put 2 check by the correct sentences and correct the wrong ones. +1 "What are you maloring in?" im majoring in stony.” 2. These tomato plants are growing vary quick ifthe weather's good. 3. caritse0 you tonight — we're having a family inner 4. Our neighbors are always playing loud music late at right ‘and really annoys me. 5 “How's Kevin leg?” “Oh, it gets better, but he can't walk yet” 6 I'mneverteling people my nickname - | hate it Vocabulary Summary 1 Adjectives: personality Positive Neutral Negative geneous realsic §=—sercus. = itating il faxed independent sty! lonely sad friendly scipined romantic cold =—nogatve | cooperative warm ‘conservative boring intable activo creative iberal ‘aggressive unhappy strong pure auiet modest. happy radical Choose three adjectives that describe each of these People: you ‘your best fiend. ‘your mother or father 2 Collocations with colors white, yelow, brown Fed, white, ro38 ‘black, white (British English ony) re, whit, dark (chicken) ‘brown, white, black (German derk rye bread) ‘blue, brown, dark, gray, green, hazel, red (Sleepy, tred, sac) black, brown, red, white, ary, blond, tant, dark white, black, brown (tan from the sun), light’dare ELE aTpH Unit? wi You and meUsing a dictionary : BJ 1 Dictionaries you have used Insmall groups, cscuss these questions 1 Do you own dictionary in your language? If yes, when do you use it? 2 Do you have a bilingual dictionary? If yes, when do you use it? ‘9. Have you ever used an Englsh-Engish dictionary? Ifyou don't have one, would you buy one? Why/? / Why not? Information a dictionary can give you ‘8 Woud you use a detionary in these stuations? Wite o/, X, or? | would use a tionary every te: 1 |s00 a word or phrase that | don't know 2. | 906 a word or phrase that | can't feure out 3 |s00 a word or pivase thats important to understanding a tex. 4 | 30¢ aword or phrase that lam curious about Discuss your answers. © A dctonary is fl of information about words and phrases. In par, make a Ist o he diferent pieces of information an English-English dictionary can give you, L can. bell you different meanongs othe same, ward. Se car tell you 1. word is countable or umncaumbale {d_ Now look atthe dictionary extracts on page 154. Can you add anything mere tothe Ist you made in Exercise 20? DEVELOP YOUR LEARNING 3 Using a dictionary ‘a. Why do you think some of the words are in red? What do the one *, two", and three ** categories mean? 1b Use the dictionary entries on page 154 and 155 to answer the folowing questions. 1 Can any of the “color adjectives’ be nouns or verbs? so, which ones? 2 Which two colors can describe an unhappy feeling? ‘¢ How many meanings do the adjectives black and green have in the dictionary entries? 14. What do you think the folowing phrases (in talc) mean? Check your ideas in the dictionary entries. 1. We're stilin the black thanks to my new job. 2 You can ask me til you ae blue in the face but | won't doit 8 He's f00 green to do thet job. 4. When I got the answer wrong I turned red with embarrassment. €¢ Use the dictionary entries to complete the table below with information about the words inthe box. Independent generous respectable romantic discipined unhappy {Words often collocate with other words, For example the adhective strong can collocate to produce strong leader or a strong dink but nota strong enemy. Which of the words in the box apart from feader and drink can strong also collocate with’? ia Oh Seon aa EN action plan: using ou ditorery 110 page 152 and 193 atthe back of your book and look atthe section on how to use your dictionary. Make a ist more uf things that you lam about the information an Englsh-Engish ictonary can gv you 1 wl need to show your it to a clasarate atthe on of Unt 2 You and me fis | Unit1 Reading skills, Look at the pictures ofthis famous person Answer the questions 1 Who is the person? 2 What do you know about her background? 3 Gan you name any of her movies? 4 Have you sven any of her movies? Ifso, what did you think of them? b You are go Student A: Look at page 150. Student B: Look at page 151, to road an article about this person Now complete this chart with your partner Information Why is it important? ‘September 2nd, 1966 University Teresa LA ‘My Crazy Life Frida In pairs, discuss these questions, 1 What is your favorite movie? 2 Who starred in it? 3. What was it about? 4. How successful was the film commercially? el 2 Grammar review and extension: simple past, used to, be used to Look at the examples below. Then write the correct form by the rules: simple past, used to + vvorb, oF was used to + noun/-ing verb 1 Hor parents sent her to a private Catholic school in Louisiana, tantly 2... sho used to misbehave co 3. Hayok wasn’t used to going against her parents’ wishes 4... jab in a local theater, much th didn’t pay 5 Although Hayek was used to consi ble For habits, situations, or repeated actions in the past that are not true or that don’t happen now. For situations and actions that are now finished. To express that we were accustomed to something inthe past. ie LANGUAGE NOTE Be + used to + noun/-ing verb can be used in the present or the past She wasn’t used going against her parents wishes. used to getting up early in the morning: in ct, Hike ib We can use a number of time words with the 3 Speaking simple past, and with used to. Which of the 7 expressions can go with both? skills ‘a Think about the ups and downs in your life Make notes and draw a graph, as on pages 150 when !lived in Canada ast winter ee ade in 2003 aaa In pairs, show each other your graphs. Interrupt sesterday lastnight ee lage aaa ity la by eee tk. at Christmas time when I was a child Student B: Interrupt A to ask questions with did, this morning at nine o'clock why, when, where, etc., using the graph to help € Which go only with the simp past? bee Span asa it yy ‘A Teoolibsivein Tinea paanreryoals B Where did you lve aftr that? : i ned wiht {A Wo moved to Quobec. It was dificult at st <7 Dectse I wanatused othe cold or apeling Totti ny indpieints =f. rac € Choose the correct verb form in each sentence In two sentences both forms are correct. Which 4 Writing skills ones? a You are going to write a mini-autobiography 1 When I was a child, I used to / was used to Follow these steps: walk to school 1. Make brief notes for your autobiography. 2 Last night wo used fo go / went to the movies. 2 Include one thing about yourself that is 3. Whon we lived in New York, we often wont not true. used to go to the theater. 3 Write your autobiography in about 50 words 4 couldn't understand the Spanish here at first, 4. Give your autobiography to a partner. because I didn’t use to / wasn’t used to hearing Read your partner's autobiography. Can you find that dialect. 5 My grandparents lived / used to livein an apartment near the beach. 6 Did you use to / Did you buy some beer this morning? the information that is not true? £ Look at the picture on the these questions, 1 Do you know who this is? 2 What do you know about him? ight. In groups, discuss 'g Complete the text below with the verbs in the box. Use the simple past, used fo, or be + used to. ‘compote be (x2) beborm make vote play (x2) score shine spend win , Pe lé (popular name of Edson Arantes do Nascimento) Born 1940; soccer player Most people believe Pelé 1.__the most successful player in the history of soccer. He2____ in Tres Coracoes, in Brazil. His family 3____very poor and when he was a boy, Pelé couldn't afford soccer shoes. But his feet didn't hurt when he played he 4 ___ barefoot! To make money, he 5_other People's shoes. Pelé 6 ___his intemational debut when he was 16, and at 17 he 7 _____ for Brazil in the 1958 World Cup Final. He 8 __two goals in the 5-2 win over Sweden. He __a second winner's medal in 1962 and a third in 1970. He 10 __most of his career at Santos (1956-74) and then with the New York Cosmos (1975:7).He 11 ___ in 4,363 first-class games (1955- 1977) and scored 1,281 goals. in 1980 the sports world 42 __him “athlete ‘of the century”, and in Brazil he is a national hero.Having a fortune 1 Reading skills Why not? those questions. © Now read the advice below given by four millionaires and answer these questions. 1 Which one most reflects the secret of Getty's suecoss? 2 Which advice did Gotty ignore? 3 In your opinion, which is the best advice? ala dl TE Lal English mansion; another tells of when srtnase blog adngy reel o opnd ey ferphey bednevued Weis a ransom money money demanded by kidnappers and he refused to pay the ransom money! to rloase ther prisoner Eventually, he agreed to lend his son the installments pur payments made rguary ower ff‘ MOey to. pay for the child’s freedom. ‘period of time + However, the money had to be paid back © in installments. ‘|. The famous billionaire always said his head or hand.” - mene J Wouldyulswirntowmy, | A Stingy Billionaire 1b Read the magazine article about the multi-millionaire, J. Paul Getty, and answer 1 What does he say about being a billionaire? 2 In what ways was Getty “stingy”? John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the only son of the ‘world’s wealthiest businessman, said, “| believe in the dignity of labor, whether with Henry Ford, foun John Paul Getty (1892- 1976), one of the richest people in history, said, “If you can count your money, you don’t have a billion dollars.” Getty always counted _ his millions very carefully. In fact, he was well known for his miserliness. One * story has it that he installed a pay-telephone for guests in his wealth was the result of hard work, “I have no problem with being wealthy. I worked: ie hard for my money; I produced things” t people needed.” When Getty died, he was k worth over a billion dollars. der of the Ford Motor Company stops learning is old, whether at keeps learning stays young. young.” peleved, “Anyone who stOPS twenty or eighty. Anyone Who n ‘The qveast thing in life is to keep your mind GLOSSARY magnate wealthy and powerful person welder person who makes metal joints (0, for cars, ships)2 Vocabulary: money fa Find a word from the box for each of the descriptions below. There are six extra words, Verbs make car spend save lend borrow waste win lose pay Nouns investment creditcard salary receipt money cash 1 money in the form of bills and coins 2 something you buy in order to make mare money later on 3 get some money from a person or an institution, to be paid back later get money or a prize in a competition or lottery use money or time in an inefliciont way can pay with this if you don’t have cash give someone money temporarily; they will pay it back {8 what you get as proof of buying something 9 what you receive every month for working 10 uso money to buy things 4 5 6 7 b Chock that you understand the other nouns and verbs in the box above. © Make as many vorb-noun combinations as you can with the words in the box above, to make an envestment Check your answers with the Vocabulary Summary on page 24, e Complete the sentences with an appropriate verb from the box, 1 How much does a doctor country? 2 Do you ever __ don't need? 3. When was the last time you __ afriond? 4 What do you 5. Have you over competition? 6 Do you prefer to card? __ money buying things you money to most of your money on? by cash or credit £ Ask and answer the questions from Exercise 2e with a partner. 3 Listening skills fa How would you react to winning the lottery? Road tho situation bolow and complete the task Imagine this situation: five yoars ago, you won a nillion dollars inthe lottery. Since then you have gotten married, moved to a new neighborhood, and had throo children, You just received the questionnaire on the right that the lottery has sent toall its winners inthe past five years, Think about what your answors would be and complote the “Me” column with “yes” or “no,” LANGUAGE NOTE You lond something to someone You borrow something from someone Db Liston to an interview. Complete the Beewrounr one Ld percentages in the last column of the table. — Me Survey ‘The win made me happier oe Remade me unhappy. = made no difference to my happiness. My partner and | got divorced. et So snc pret medal cae fee ‘We sent the children to a prvate schoo, = | eave money tomy fai oe ‘The representative of the company discusses six catogories. Listen again and write them, 1 happiness 2 3 4 5 6 In pairs, discuss these questions. Then tell the class your ideas, 1. Do any of the results surpriso you? Ifso, which? 2 Why do you think winning a lot of money made some people unhappy? ‘3. What results would the same survey produce in your country? Fame and fortune: Eo unita deans neg 1. Can you identify the people inthe plcturest 2 What do you know about them? tracts quickly. Match each ono with tne ofthe people in the pictues Rea the extracts again, Make a note ofthe achievements and flares, approp I approptats, ofeach tse pope, aon di te pa Which ofthe people might have thse reget? Which one was not a personal choice? 1 teas realy stupid to go into that stuf 2 L wish hada’ gono back after I rlied A little known fact: when he was in high school, he failed to get onto the school basketball team. Maybe he wasn't good enough for the school team, but he ‘went on to become the greatest basketball player of all twice, only to come back to the sport time. He retired put when he came back the second time t the Washington Wizards, he was clearly past his best. o play fi Born in Chile, she had to leave the country of her birth after the military coup of 1973.She went to Venezuela with her hhusband and children, She was unable to find work in her as a journalist, but it was there that her career 10k off. Since then, she has become the best els to her chosen career as an author to known South American author, with several no\ name. Her most famous, House of the Spiris, has also been made into a film. became Argentina’s youngest ever international soccer and in 1982 he became the world’s most jarcelona. He player in 197 expensive soccer player when he transferred to Bi was captain of the Argentinian team when they won their second World Cup in 1986. Sadly, his career ended only a few years later, after accusations of drug abuse2 Grammar: regrets 4 Lookat the picture above, Answer these questions. 1 Is the man attractive now? 2 Was he attractive fifty years ago? 3, How does he feel about the situation? 4 Can he changp the situation? b The man expresses his regrets in different ways. Which statemonts are regrets about or desires for the present? Which are regrets about the past? 1 Honly.I looked better. present 2 Iwish Thadn’t lost my good looks. 3 Ifonly I hadn't lost my beautiful hair. 4 I wish I weren’t totally bald. Complete the rules. Use the sentences in Exercise 2h to help you. We can express regrets about the present with 1 ‘and Ifonly + the simple tense. We can express regrets about the past with F wish and If ___+ the perfect tense. 4. Make wishes about those sentences. 1 Imoved to this town a year ago and I don’t like it. wish I hadn't moved to this town, 2 Idon't have any friends here 3 Iwas stupid to give up my job in the city 4 I don’t make enough money here. 5. Iprofer living in the city 6 didn’t liston to my parents. They wore right LANGUAGE NOTE ‘When wo use the simple past of be after wish or f only, wo can uso either was or were after I, he, she, it, and there: wish Iwas rich. /Twish Iwere rich. {wish + wero is always correct, though some people ‘think itis old-fashioned, tis more formal. 3 Listening skills @ «Listen tothe converestion, Answer the questions 1. Where ae the speakers? 2 What are they doing? 3 What is their relationship? Listen again and answer these questions. 1 Who did Bill use to goto school with? 2 Where did Bill and Joe use to work? 3. What did Joe do after he left the factory? 4 What doos Bill wish? Oo 4 Pronunciation skill: interest and surprise Qn Listen ts thse pianos from the conversation Which ones expross interest? Which express surprise? Write I or S in the boxes. expressing Really? QQ You'ekiddingt Q Oh, yeah, QQ Abundredt? = Q) Un,buh. = Q) Yeah, right Q a Imcrodible!. QQ No! Q Qb Listen again and repeat the phrases. © Choose one of the “stories” below and make notes on it. Thon tll your partner. When you listen to your partner's story, use expressions from Exercise 4a to show interest and surprise 1 You saw a very strange animal when you were out for a walk in the woods yesterday. 2 You wore invited tothe Oscars and you met some famous movie stars. 3 When you were young, your parents won the lottery 4 You saw something very strange in the sky when you closed your curtains lastnight. 3 Vocabulary: school and careers Which of the nouns in the box can you put with, each verb group? college company factory job offer money partner school store team leave / drop out of / quit graduate from become found/start open work for work at/in 8 accept / tum down b Check your answers with the Vocabulary Summary on page 24 © Which of these have you done in your life so far? Ask and answer in pairs A Did you leave school when you were 16? B No, I graduated from high school when Twas 16 6 Speaking skills In pairs, talk about things you either regret in your life now or regret about your past. Use these topics: friends, family, exams, school, jobs, money. I really miss my bestfriend from high school. I wish Thad kept in touch with hei Fameand fortune Ei Unit21 Warm up Do you watch quizzes on TV? Do you enjoy them? Why? / Why not? What's your favorite TV (or radio) quiz? Why do you like it? 2 Prepare You are going to take a quiz in teams, but frst, practice somo of the language youl nood. In groups of four or five, discuss tho answers to the two ‘questions below. Use the Useful Language phrases, or other phrases that you know for discussing choices. Which of these does not go with the word white? a) meat b) bread tea d) egg ‘What is the namo of the sea that separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey? a) tho Black Sea_b) the Sea of Marmara ) the Moditerranoan Sead) the Caspian Sea 3 Con ® Liston to some people discussing these questions. Do they use similar languago to you? Which phrasos do they use to discuss and decide on an answer? Look atthe audioscript on page 148 and underline all the texprossions that will be useful in taking the quiz ‘Thave no ee 4 Task et 4 Road the aim and rules ofthe quiz. What is wrong TES tight? in each of these statomonts? So, do we 1 You can win less than $1,000,000. [eee 2 You choose your joker after you have heard the questions | 3 One student decides on the answor fr the | group. b Now take the quiz! Your teacher will read the questions out for you Feedback Well, how did you do? Did any group win the million? Take a look at your scores. What were your best/worst categories? Do you need to improve your knowledge in any of them? If you had problems with Aor B, look back over the last two units and review the vocabulary and grammar! 6 Notice Did you notice the question word that most ‘questions began with? If not, ask your teacher to read a few questions again. When do we usually use this question word? Follow up a In pairs, write two bonus questions for each category. Include the answers. b In groups of six or eight, ask your questions. ‘These bonus questions are worth $50,000 each. Who wins the most bonus money? nit2 i: ie and fortuneQUIZ wehecenae pe $40,000, or you get al the Dut werve dade abi es (English vocabulary, 4 Quiz. Please note: the only prize is $1,000,000.1f you don't each that figure, you lose everything! A English vocabulary 1($30,000) a) pink b) rosé ered d) white 2 (530,000) a)earn it b) spendit «make it d) do it 3 (540,000) a) She has brown eyes._b) She has black eyes. ) She has dark eyes. d) She has gray eyes. | 4(540,000) a) you start it. b) you close it €) you discover itd) you work for it 5 (555,000) a) realistic b) respectable ) pure d) conservative 6 (555,000) a) drop out b) stop «leave d) join Section A score (out of $250,000) 8 English grammar 1 ($30,000) a) have b) am having had d) will have 2 ($30,000) a) have more friends_b) had had more friends was more friends d) will have more friends 3 ($40,000) a) we used to be cold_b) we are cold we were used to being cold d) we were cold 4 (540,000) a) You're always borrowing my phone. 1b) You always borrow my phone. You do borrow my phone. d) You never borrow my phone. 5 ($55,000) a) had more careful b) am more careful had had more careful d) had been more careful 6 ($55,000) a) She used to have blond hair bb) She had blond hair. @) She was used to having blond hair ) She was blond. Section B score = (out of $250,000) ‘Total score = $0 YOU WANT TO WIN Rules Divide into teams of four or five. Look at the categories and choose your joker. 3. Youwill hear each question twice. Then you must agree on an answer in your team. Circle the answer. ‘At the end of each category, you will hear the answers. Check your answers and add up your score (honestly). {At the end of the quiz, add up your total score to find if you have won a milion! Politics and culture 41 ($30,000) a) Tom Cruise b) Tom Hanks Johnny Depp d) Marion Brando 2 (630,000) a) year. b) three years, four years.) five years. 3 ($40,000) a) New Zealand b) the USA Othe UK. d) Australia 4 ($40,000) a) | think, therefore Ibe. b) 'm thinking, therefore lam. &)1 thought, therefore | was d) think, therefore | am 5 (655,000) a) Republican b) Social Democrat Conservative d) Labor 6 (655,000) a) Argentina b) Venezuela ¢) Bolivia d) Cuba Section C score (out of $250,000) D Geography and history 1 ($30,000) a) red b) white © green d) blue 2 ($30,000) a) Burma b) Rhodesia ©) East Pakistan d) Ceylon 3 ($40,000) a) July 4", 1789 b) July 5, 1776 July 4°, 1776. d) July 6", 1789 4 ($40,000) a) the Lydians _b) the Greeks the Romans d) the Aztecs 5 ($55,000) a) Riga b) Moscow ¢) Minsk d) Kiev 6 ($55,000) a) Guatemala b)Japan ¢)Chile d) Bolivia Section D scot (out of $250,000)Grammar Summary 1 used to + verb Use We use usec! fo + verb to tak about habits, actions, or situations in the past that are not true or do not happen now. Habits Actions: Situations | used to smoke, The chidren used to go We used to lve ‘swimming every day. by the ocean. ‘We can often use the simple past in place of used to: We used to ve by the ocean. / We ved by the oven. ‘But note that we don't use used to for a single action in the Pastor forthe recent past: We used to visit the Museum of Modem Art once when we were n New York. X We visited the Museum of Modem Art once when we were in Now York. used to watch TV al day yesterday. X watched TV all day yesterday. Form Airmative: We used to walk to school Negative: We didn’t use to take the bus. (Question: Did you use to walk home, oo? Note the sneling in the negative and question forms: use to We form short answers with aid: Did you use fo see her every ‘day? Yes, I ci. / No, | cit 2 be + used to + noun/~ing verb Use We use be + used to to say that we are or ware accustomed to something. 1 travel jt for my work so I'm used to spending time on planes. Be careful not to confuse the past form ofthis with used 70 + verb: used to get up early when | was at school. = past habit, fact ‘1was used to getting up early when | was at schoo, ‘something that | was accustomed to; it wasn't @ problem. Form ‘Subject +be used fo ing verb + complement or noun “im used to going o'bed ear, | Sohn wasnt chien, | Peterisn't working hard | We were ‘cold weather. ‘Choose the correct completion. 1 1used to go / went shopping lat Saturday. 2 We weren't used to / aight use to getting up early 8 My dad used to smoke / was used to smoking, but he quit 4 | was used to / used to the heat when |ived in Texas. 3 Regrets (I wish / If only) Use only /1 wish + simple past for things that we regret or desire ‘about the present | don't have ajob. + / wish had @ job. We lve in a smal apartment. > wish wo cht ive in a smal apartment, {only /| wish + past pertect for things we regret about the past Helt school at 16. wish | hac't left school at 16. We didn't have a vacation last year. | wish we had had a vacation last year, Form Regret about something n the present: ‘tony / wish « simple past: H only I knew the answer. I wish Shad more money. Regret about something in the past: ‘only | wish + past pertect: only { hadn't eaten so much. wish you had come fo the party. Complete these common regrets with the simple past or the past perfect of the verbs in parentheses, then discuss them with your partner. Do you have these regrets, too? 4 wish __ (have) more uel 'm so busy! 2 Monty! (not argue) with my last Doytriend/girtriend. 3 wn |__ (pay moe attention when | was at schoo. 4 ony! (not spenc 80 much money ast week 5 I wish! ____ (can) change my appearance. Vocabulary Summary 1 Money ‘Common vetb-noun combinations concerning money: ‘make money / an investment ‘earn money / a (good/bad) salary spend / save money lend money (to someone) / borrow money (om someone) ‘waste money / win money / lose money pay cash / by creditcard / the check /the fare / for ticket ‘Answer these questions. 1. Have you ever made a good/bad investment? 2. When oid you last spend a lat of money? What cid you buy? '3. When did you last borrow money rom a frend / the bark? 4 Have you ever won any money? How much? 5. How do you usually pay the check in a restaurent? 2 School and careers leave / crop out of/ quit college / school /# team: ‘graduate from colege/schoo! ‘become a partner found/start a company ‘open a factory /a store ‘work for a company work atin a college /@ company / a factory /a school / astor ‘accept / turn down a jab offer/ money Unit2 | 2s | Fame and fortuneInformal e-mails 1 Using e-mail Have you ever had to read or send ‘e-mais in English? Tel your pertner about it. If you've never sent any e-mais in English, what do you think would be dfflutt about wring them in English? eh a pais, ak about your action plan fom page DEVELOP YOUR WRITING Organizing an e-mail a: Foad the erel ard anor uotion 1 ethig oma ortfoma ere? How do >Hi Anni, se leon? © Thanks for your e-mail. Really good to hear 2 iat ete etna etna thier from you again. Glad to hear Your segres Is to justify your answer. going well. dae pres n vaaiy pata inna So when will you finish? And how about Pou? Is Sea Nath dace mn te oiean he sil working at that department stare? few * Life in Germany so of fun now but Elngs anperet on bie ot he amet werent so nay ot frst I wasnt used to the siicione exer ane Sey ene culture or speaking German all day - exhausting, 3 give information about the writer but that slowly got better. Some great people in 4 Garg tatters my office and {ve made e couple of good frends 8 kth reader tresoond/ do sareting through the gym where I work out Of, aed met obits a really nice guy here too! :-) 7 give a reason for closing the e-mail ‘ Anyway, I'm thinking of coming to the States 8 eaynoto she cumtper=-aan Papen ee workin He See on te August. Wil you guys be tere? Can T come to stay with you for a couple of days? Would be (©. Would the order of ideas be the same in your areca yea language? Discuss in pairs. 2 Lots of work to do so gotta go. » write back and let me know about the summer, okay? 3 Replying to an e-mail ‘8 Hows writing an e-mail diferent from wting @ Standard letter? Make notes. in. e-mail has Aig hug, 4 sibyect bow bu 0 ler dawsn' _ ferry 'b Compare your ideas wth the advice onthe fight about writing informa e-mails. Does it tl you anything you cdn't mention? «© Putyour knowiedge of writing informal e-mails tothe tet Take care and say hi to Paul. Imagine you ae Anrie or Paul and write a reply to the e-mail from Terry above. Be sure to Informal e-mails are very different in structure from more formal reply to all the information and letters. There's usually a short, informal greeting, or sometimes no aeperashe wate. greeting Words are sometimes abbreviated or emoticons (symbols) 4 In pairs, compare your e-mal are used, E-mails often don't use complete sentences. Be careful to Gan you helo improve your ao avoid misunderstandings by using enough words to make your ‘meaning clear. Remember to match your style to the writers style. Even though an e-mail is often a more informal way of ‘communication than writing a letter, e-mails ina business environment may be much more formal.And you stil need to read over your e-mail before you send it. Finaly, use an English spell checker if you can! possible to make friends onthe internet by sending e-mails to one or two people on a regular basis, : people are called “key pals”. By using the Internet you can make friends from all over the world, find out diferent cultures and practice your Engish at the same time! Find out about how to make key pals by @Seerch engine and entering the words key pais + EFL. elie mann atienieee kn yt aceenat tt odo Urn 3 Unit2—_' \ Unit 3 Nek Cellphones ea 1 Reading skills © Complete the table with ideas from the article. ‘Add any other ideas you had in Exercise 1a. 4 Look atthe pictures of phones, Answer the questions. 1. How did the invontion of the telephone change our lives? 2. How have cellphones changed our lives? Make a list oftheir advantages and disadvantages. bb Read this Internet article on cellphones. Write in the correct paragraph headings. (Be careful: there {s one heading too many.) Collphones and the family Problems with collphonos Gollphones at work Cellphones in everyday life ‘The history of the cellphone 4. In groups, discuss these questions 1 Ifyou have a cellphone, why do you need it? If ‘you don't have a cellphone, would you like to have one? Why? / Why not? 2. Can you imagine life without cellphones? How would it be different? cellphones the facts 1 Believe it or not, cellphones have been around for over a quarter of a century. The first commercial cellphone system was developed by the Japanese in 1979, but cellphones have changed a lot since that time. in the United States, Ameritech set up the first system in 1983. The early cellphones were big and heavy but they have developed into small and light palm-sized models. There have been huge developments in their functions, too: we have had caller ID, call forwarding, text messaging, answering services and hands-free use for years, but now there are countless new facilities, such as streaming video, instant access to the Internet and receiving and sending photos. Cellphones have become very common in our lives: recent statistics suggest as many as one in three people on the planet now have a cellphone, and most of them say they couldn't live without one. They are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool, used for essential arrangements, social contact and for business. They have made everyday life easier but noisier. They have made it easier to call for help on the highway or war a colleague that you'll be late. They have made it possible to keep in touch with people “on the move” ~ when you're traveling. However, they also mean you can escape the workplace physically, but not mentally: with the help of call forwarding the employee is always at the end of the “phone line”. 3 Cellphones have made communication easier and have reduced the need for family arguments! We can use cellphones to let our family know we'll be late or if there's a sudden change of plan or an emergency. Cellphones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are ‘out late: they can now contact their children at any time. Of course, they still don’t know where their children are, except for those times when the kids call because they want a ride home from a late night party! 4 GLOSSARY palm the inside of the hand. a time bomb something that is likely to have a sudden and bad effect in the future This does not mean that cellphones are all good news. They have brought with them a number of new headaches for their owners: it costs a lotto replace stolen phones, something that is becoming a frequent occurrence, and have you ever seen such huge phone bills? More serious, however, is the potential health problem they bring: there are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumors. This may be a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have ‘grown up with cellphones that they simply cant live without!2 Grammar review and extension: present perfect, since and for 4 Look at the parts in italic of the first two sentences in the article. Answer the questions. 1. What tense is the verb in each sentence? 2 Is the action or situation in each sentence finished? 3. Which sentence focuses on a situation up to 4 Choose the corract words: We uso for with a period of time / a point in the past We use since with a period of time / a point in the past. b Do we uso since or for with these time expressions? Thanksgiving two y the last ton m urs last night 2 © Choose the simple past or present perfect, and for or since if necessary 1 The cellphone revolution began / has begun in the 1970s, 2 The Japanese have used / used cellphones for / since the late 1970s. 3 In 2003, the British have banned / banned the use of cellphones while driving, 4 Inthe U.S., commercial cellphones have existed / existed for / since 1983. 5 Phones have never had / never had so many features as they do today, 6 Pople have used / usad collphones for / since about 25 years now. stening skills 4 You are going to listen to an interview with Mike Wilson, a police representative, about the dangers of taking on a cellphone while driving. Before you listen, ead the fact shoot below and try to Ail in the blanks with these figures: 2, 4,50, 85, 1,000. Listen to the interview with Mr, Wilson and check your answers 5 © Research shows that: 4. the risk of having an accident is the driver is using a cellphone. i the number of drivers & 2 ving is pereent 4 3 around countries have banned usi while driving. i i ive 4 drivers in Poland can receive & dollars for phoning while an ‘a ban against the use 0! Saher aba tte) inthe US. rt i ® @ Liston to the intonation in these questions. @p sho use their cellphone while Jing a cellphone fine of up to jones while driving 4 Pronunciation skills: question intonation = Complete the rules about question intonation below. ee 1. Do you have a cellphone? 2. How long have you had your cellphone? or, 3 Do you ever Said text messages? 4 Who do you normally text? In yes/no questions the voice usually goes In wh-questions the voice usually goes Listen to the questions and repeat them. © Mark the correct intonation on these examples, Have you sent a text message today? Who did you send it to? 1a b 2 a Have you paid a cellphone bill recently? b How much did you pay? = @ Have you over felt irritated by cellphones? b When did this happen? 4a Is your cellphone on now? b Why? / Why not? In groups, ask and answer the questions in Exercise 4c. How many people in the class said vyes to each “a” question? 5 Speaking skills In groups, discuss these quostions 1 Is “talk and drive” a danger in your country? Has ‘your government introduced laws about it? Ifnot should the government ban it? 2 Do you talk on the phone while you drive? Have You, or has anyone you know, ever had an accident while talking on a cellphone? 3 Do you think the government should also ban the uso of cellphones in public places?Netizens dofin 1 2 surf 3 avirus e achat room —d 1 Vocabulary: the Internet 2 Match the words and phrases with the correct spend time online looking through Web sites connected to the Internet ‘computer file sont with an o-mail message {information that you store under a particular name wwe 2 Speaking skills a In groups, discuss thoso quostions. 1 Have you ever surfed for more than three hours online? When? Why? Has your computor over gotton a virus from the Internet? When? What happened? 3. Have you ever taken part in achat room? Who did you “chat” with? What about? 4. Have you ever downloadd file from the Internet? What kindof files? 5. Have you aver sont an attachment? What dia it contain? Do you receive alot of attachments? What are they about? b Whois the most “connected” in the group? ; 5 logon/off —_ move information from the : . e Internet to a computer 3 Reading skills 6 crash f disconnocted from the a Do new developments in information technology Internet affect your life? Which of these phrases best 7 offline start/finish using a computer describes you? system Y'man Intemet addict. 8 download hh when a computer or program Thave an Internet phobia. stops working suddenly Tuse the Internet, but it doesn’t affect my life. 9 afile i. a Web site people use for exchanging messages ‘a program that enters your ‘computer and damages or dostroys information 40 anattachment j ‘The Internet is rapidly replacing TV as_ the most popular form of home “entertainment. Many people are _ spending longer amounts of time online, and in some cases this has had a negative effect on their work, studies, and social lives. So how about you? Do you have your internet use under control? Take this quiz and find out. ‘Are you addicted to the Internet? ‘1. Which of these is closest to your moming {always log on at home. | realize an hour "has passed and Iam late for work again. -b) | get to work early sot can have some -@) Honly log on when | need the internet for ‘2 Ihave more friends ... “Give hut ve lost touch wth at of “ends shoe | stated surfing the Net. Now take the quiz. Is your answer still the same afterwards? Ask your partner his or her answers to the quiz, note them down and discuss them. Who is more addicted to the Internet, you or your partner? Look at page 149, work out your partner's score and read the analysis. Do you agree? 3 Where do you do most of our stooping? a) In stores, of course. I'd never buy anyting over the Nt =i Smo rot 1b) [haven't been in areal store in overs | even buy my groceries online. (9) ve never ted shopping but thinks ‘good idea. 4 Have you over met anyone ovr te 12) Yt of peo nat, Ne stares °) Noe never phon ta snes ‘online. It's too dangerous. '5 How often have you spent three hours or _b) spend more uae tenia, 1 more on the Net? _don't see my fiends very often, Internet. ——— 'b) Regulariy! | usually spend at least wo hhours @ dey surfing, 8) Only occasionally If Unit 2 | RUconnected?‘a In pairs, answor those questions. 1. What do you know about chatting online? 2 Do you have any “online” friends? Have you ever written to a stranger online who has bocome a friend? b Chatters normally have nicknames, which they call “handles”. Chat is like a mixture of speaking and writing, and chatters use different techniques to talk online, Match the techniques on the left with the examples of chat. 1 informal language a culbr 2 not much punctuation b gonna buya 3 abbroviations © diane can you come saturday 4 ellipsis (leaving out unnecessary words) d=) (a smile) 5 slang have to go — talk later 6 emoticons £ cool! wicked! © Read this chat between two friends. Can you understand it? (Use the glossary to help you if necessary.) Try reading the dialogue aloud with a partner. Angel with ahalo says: how ru Dancing and singing says: im good uv {(= worried, annoyed, or really thinking s)=asmile Angel with a halo says: good 2 what u been up 2 +0 = Oh, no! Dancing and singing says: not much ~ studying (0.0) = shocked Angel with a halo says: what 4 ae Dancing and singing says: exam in 2 weeks Angel with ahalo says: :( sass Angel with a halo says: no gotta study :~< See you later, Jol = laughing out loud mu ok= Are you ok? 2day = today ld = could, sha = should 1¢=Isee/ understand Angel with o halo says: sure what u doing? Angel with a halo says: lol Dancing and singing says: n u Angel with a halo says: shopping! isa ieee Dancing and singing says: (o_o) v shd be studying y e ‘Angel with a halo says: yeah lol gotta go ty! nu= And you? Dee acl oir bfn = Bye for now ng one ie oe Angel with o halo says: cu Br bye : ttyl = Talk to you later You are going to “chat” with your partner. Follow these steps. 1 Find a piece of blank paper. 2 Choose your “handle”. (See Exercise 4b.) 3. Write your handle and your first comment. Use the glossary to help you and remember to use abbreviations and ellipsis 4 Pass the paper to your partner. 5. Write your handle and the next comment on the piece of paper you now have and pass it back to your partner. 6 Continue chatting until you decide to stop. € Look'at your chat. Change anything that you want to and then pass the paper to another pair. Can they understand your conversation? Dancing and singing says: oh yeah! Btw u going 2 i’ party fri Dancing and singing says: :( v looking forward 2 weekend? Dancing and singing says: football game sat, then probably sleepin afternoon1 Speaking skills inal dics tse stations Youve just broken up wit tiend/gilriend, Who do you talk to? You aroh class, Who doyoutakto? money problems. Who do you D In our soci uur society we have a lot of op units t ‘on the street talk on cellphor in chat rooms, etc. — but 2 Reading skills a Read the article quickly. Choose the bes vummar eee 1 Bill and Liz aro psychol bl and Liz ao peycholgits working on 2. Bill and Liz talk to people on th he strets and try to help them sae poche hey ballets therapeutic erapeutic, 29 t talk to therapists, Way do you think that is’ alk tome le time to talk to someone you've “Taking @ litt n change you never met cu _ ris evening rush hour ip the Times perhaps the most «cin the busiest cit Wetzel have just NEWYORK (AP) ruare subway station Unit3 | 20 | RU connected? 2 Liz Barry Amazingly, for the ext two hours, people do. Dozens 40 of them. Two 17- ‘year-old girls tall about their science class. A middle- ‘aged man gives his 45. views on politics. ‘young woman with ‘purple hair, neat tears thas recently She hasn't gotten Over it YEE ‘and she wants t0 talk “York only a year ag0 Dut ids of stories like these set up their Liz and Bill, in their 20s, have discovered that talking is ‘highly therapeutic fOr ‘New Yorkers. “Taking * sitde time ‘9s out from a busy ‘schedule t0 talk to someone ‘you've never per ean change your Whole Sutlook forever,” Liz Barry says ‘Barry and Wetzel figure that 2085 after a year is 2 5004 re decided what to do Next sey 5 coogs They eines or satis walk 0 be eometng original as their “Talk to me” project! GLOSSARY feantic busy, hurried hectic busy full of | dene oinage sunken number (one dozenb Read the article again. Answer the questions. 1. What impression does the writer give of New ‘York in the evening rush hour? 2 What type of people stop and talk to Liz and Bill? 3. How do we know that New Yorkers like talking? 4 Why have Liz and Bill encouraged people to stop and talk to them? 5 Do you think that Liz and Bill have gotten any ‘benofits from their project? Find these words in the article. What do they refer to? 1 them (line 5) <3 anc All 4 it (line 17) 2 do (line 9) 8 these (line 20) 3 them (Line 10) 6 it dine 30) Discuss these questions. 1. How would people where you live react to “Talk to Mo”? 2 Would you stop and talk to Liz and Bill? Why? / Why no? Ifyou did stop. what would you talk about? 3 Grammar: adverbs used with the present perfect 4 Find these adverbs in the article: just, recently, yet, already, still. Note the way they are used and. ‘complete each sentence below with one of them, 1 “Have you finished your homework _?* “I haven't oven started it__!" 2 can’t talk now. I've finished cooking dinner and we're about to eat. yy luck with work?” “No, I___ haven't found a job.” 4 “Tl feed the dog before we go out.” “It’s okay. T've___ done it.” 5 “Have you seen Mary at all?” “Mary? Yes, she's stayod with us a few times.” b Match the adverbs in Exercise 3a with their meanings. a The action happened in the immediate past, very soon before the moment of speaking, b The action has not happened up to now but will probably happen in the future. (used with questions and negatives) © The action has not happened up to now but will probably happen in the future. (used only with negative sentences in the present perfoct) The action or actions happened not long ago. € The action has happened, perhaps before expected, and doesn't need to be repeated. © Check your answers with the Grammar Summary (on page 34. 4d Gomplete the sentences to make true statements about yourself. Then compare with a partner. 1 [still haven't... 21 haven't... yet. 3 1've just 4Tve already... 5 I've recently .. @ob ec 4 Listening skills You are going to listen to an interview with Liz ‘and Bill. Imagine you are Liz or Bill and answer the interviewer's questions. 1 How do you get people to talk? 2 How do people react when you invite them to talk to you? 3 Have you had any trouble with the police? 4 What lessons has “Talk to Me” taught you? 5, How have you been able to do this financially? Listen to the interview and compare your answers with Liz and Bill's. Listen again, Which of these things have happened to Liz and Bill? 4 They've spoken to someone without a job. 2 They've had serious problems with the police. 3 They've insulted someone who was drunk, 4 Someone has robbed them. 5 They've made some friends. 6 They've made a lot of money. 4 Why do you think “Talk to Me" is popular in New York? 5 Vocabulary: talk ‘a In groups, check the meaning of the expressions in italic, then discuss the questions. 1. Have you ever complained about anything? If so, what? 2 Have you had an argument with anyone recently? What was it about? 3 Have you shouted at anybody this week? If so, ‘what made you shout? 4 Do you know anyone who boasts a lot? Who are they and why do you think they need to boast? 5 How do you persuade people to agree with you? 6 Do you ever discuss problems with your parents? If so, what kind of things do you talk about? If not, why don’t you? 7 Do you ever gossip’? If so, who with and when? b Good communication is not only about speaking, but listening, too. Are you a good listener? Try this activity Student A: Choose a topic from 1-7 above; propare to talk for exactly ono minuto. Student B: Listen, without interrupting, and then repeat what Student A said. (You don't have to ‘use exactly the same words.) ‘Student A: How good a listener was your partner? ‘When you have finished, reverse your roles. Student B talks for one minute.1 Warm up a The World Wide Web has created a lot of weird and wonderful things, including new vocabulary How good is your Web vocabulary? Match the definitions below with the words in the box. icon link FAQs Web Web site Web browser search engine homepage URL Web page scroll bar 1 The place on the Internet that appears first on your computer is your Ao 2A software program that finds and displays pages fram the Internet is a — 3 A connection between one Inter another is a the row of small pictures on the screen that you click on to perform particular actions is the 5 The long narrow line at the edge of the screen, used for moving information up, down, or across the screen is the 6 The unique address of a computer ora document on the Internet is called a ‘A place on the Internet where you find Information about a particular subject, organization, etc. is a 8 A page or document that you can read on a Web site isa 9 A small picture on a computer screon that ‘opens a program or performs an action is an 10. A program that looks for information from many different Web pages isa 41 A page in a magazine that gives you information about Web sites is a 12 Questions that Internet users frequently ask are called Read the Web guide on the right and recommend ‘one or more sites for the people below. I miss Plan She always cheered me up with her Jokes. | wish she was here. T haven't done any studying for the reading comprehension test yet. Tm bound to fail it ee This week’s Web guide ‘A. http: /wwwliteracynet.org/cnnsf/ Fantastic sit from CNN. Over 50 news stories categorized under headings such as crime, environment and adventure, Each story has a range of activities focusing on comprehension and vocabulary, mostly of the multiple- choice variety. B_ http://www.nprorg/ NNPRis an American radio network wth an extensive audio archive ~an excellent source of authentic English C__http://www.humorlinks.com/ Hilarious site bringing together over 7,000 links to humor of every kind, from American comedy to Australian cartoons. Here you will see the funniest okes and pictures from around the world D_http://www.bbe.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/ Hundreds of fascinating interviews with famous people from every walk of life: actors, cartoonists, musicians, painters, philosophers, politcal activists, scientists and wwiters E _http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/listen Lots of online music from classical to jazz, from blues to rap. You can listen to radio programs or select a range of special features. F _http://www.onestopenglish.com Here you will ind listening activities — updated each ‘month ~from the online magazine from Macmillan. | failed my English test. only '¢ worked more on my listening! ‘just bought the new CD by The Darkness; they'e my favorite rock band and I wish I could find more of their music. een 5 WF | wish | knew more about Johnny Depp! haven't read anything about him for ages,+ Non-Flash Version AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION iS LE EY mer ee fered roy sass sora soa ® (ESC Coane Up Aner Staton Crewe Join REMMI Catet on Goneis be _ eteet + Read More ad More “ 09.03.04 03.09.08 Station Spacewalk NASA Remembers Successful September 11 + Read More ‘Object in Saturn's F 2 Task You are going to enter a competition to createa Webb As aclass, vote on the best Web site, site for your class, and your group will have to ¢ Make a class list of the features that a good Web design the home page of the site. You will need to iis aoa have, present the concept of the Web site and the home page to the class and they will vote on the onethey 5 Compar like the most. In your groups, discuss these points = 7 and then design the home page. ® a Liston to a locture on Wob design. Which points con your list from Exercise 4c does the speaker 1 Who i ; pndirtaee 2. What will the Web site contain? (Articles on Liston again and add any points the speaker things such as sports, music, science, otc.; tips for serie it ch ethos peat cae learning English; help with homework?) Hlons which arn DA sees 3. What will appoar on the home page? Think about a ee = Liston again. How doos the sposksr ist her 4 What makes a good Web site? Think of your points? Complete this list. favorite Web sites and make a list of the five most important things a good Web site should have, fhe Web site for? What are their interest First of all, finally. b Notice how the spoaker identifies the good points in Wob sites. Complete the table with positive adjectives and phrases about good Web design. Listen to the lecture again if necessary ‘ 5 Put your ideas into action ~ design the home page! 3 Prepare a You are going to report your group's ideas to the rest of the class, List the main points about your 5 3 as resco Web site simple, easy felon : b Look at the home page from a Web site at the top eit sc of this page. Check how many of your points are Navigation covered by this site, Can you add any other points? se Now go back to your list of points, Do you want to make any revisions to your Wob site? l . : Choose « home page from a site you like and print 4 Feedback it out. Make notes on what is good about it and a Prosent your idea for tho Wb site tothe class and what could be improved explain your home page bb Prosont i to the rest ofthe class.Grammar Summary 1 Present perfect Use To tak about actions or states in the past but that have some: cffect inthe present. ‘Actions or states that began in the past but that are ‘continuing in the present PAST Jack tendering orFor. Jak won fer For no + Experienoes that we have had in our ives (at an unspaciiaa time) and that we may have again I've been fo Chip, but ve never been to Argentina With this use ofthe present perfect, we often go on to ad more information, usualy with a specific time reference, in the simple past tense: ve been to Chile. | went there last year We took an amazing cruise down the Pactfc coast. Recent actions or actions that we expect to do: "ve just had some coffee (a few minutes ago) We haven't met Anna's new boytnend yet (out we expect to). I've akeady fed the cat (30 you don't need to dot. Note: In informal American English, the simple past is often used in sentences with ust and already: {just had some coftee. | already fed the cat 1975 Form ‘We form the present perfect with the suxliy verb have + a past participle, ag. been, dane, givan, bought Airrative: ve been to New York twice. My sister has just bought 2 car (Question: Mave you ever bean to Now York? Has she bought aused car? Negative: No, haven't been there. No, she hasn't bought 2 used car Adverbs used with the present perfect Just —for very recent ections Please take your shoes off. We've just cleaned the carpet already — er actions competed earler than expected |e areacy fisted all the questions. Can | go now? {yet to ask whether an acton has been done oro say that an ‘expected action has not been done question and negative form ony) Have you called your mother yet? No haven't called her yet because the phone isn't working! ‘sti - 1 say tht an action has not been done, when we expect itto be done (negative frm ony) We stit haven't heard tom our daughter Astra: wee geting wore. recently —o say someting has happened inthe recent past Ive been to the moves fot recently. ‘ever ~to ask about experiences that have happened at east ‘once upto now (question form oni) Fave you ever bean to London? for - 1 state how fang an action hes been in progress, used for parods oftme We've had these dogs for five yeas since ~ to state vnen a continuing action started, used fora particular point in time J haven't seen Simon since Monday. antences are incorrect. The errors can be in the present perfect itself or in the use of the adverb. Check the correct sentences and correct the wrong ones. 1. The President has never been overseas. Don't wait for James. He's ust went out ‘Have you seen the new Jarmes Bond fim stl? Louisa has recently made a lot of new friands. We haven't been to a good party since two years. Fran never went skiing but she hopes to go next year Kevin and Jacide have just had their thir chil \Welve been to a concert in the new aucitorium. infact, ‘we've been to one last week, t00, Vocabulary Summary 1 [and Internet words Look at the IT words and expressions in the box, and ‘check their meanings in Lessons 2 and 4 / a dictionary it you need to. Then write them into the correct column in ‘the table, and add more words of your own. -aitachment teen: link FAQS Web guide toolbar Web site Web browser search engine home page chatroom rach download fle go online /otfine log on /log off serall bar surf virus Web page ‘The Internet attachment Computers cash mn 2 Words connected with talking Look at the meaning of these words in Lesson 3/ a dictionary. Which word from the table describes the situations below? Rewrite the sentences using a word trom the table. Word or phrase Useful phrases Example ‘complain complain about We complained about someoneor the meal tothe manager something have an have an argument hac an argument with argument with someone my bother about his ee shout at shout at someone Don't shout atthe cat! boast boast about Smonts ways boasting ‘something to about his expensive someone) sports car persuade _persuade'someone Okay, you've persuaded that something ../_me to come this eveing! persuade somecne todo someting ‘gossip gossip about Karen gassips about someone everbody 80 don't tel her any secrets! discuss ‘discuss something Could | iscuss my (with someone) annual raise wth you today? 1 gave Sam all the reasons why he should come with us on ‘vacation, and he agreed 2 We disagreed strongly about polis 3 told everyone in the toom about now I won the competion 4 Did Amends tel you al about Mery’s new boytiand? 5 | was very unhappy about the hotel room and | tld the meneger. Unit Js | RU connected?DEVELOP YOUR LEARNING Figuring out meaning : 1 Dealing with new words when reading {a Read these strategies and check the ones that you have used when reading, 11 If .don't know something, | immediately ook it up Jina dictionary or ask my teacher. 22 First ofa, | ask myset i the word is important in ‘order to understand the text. fit isnt, ignore it ‘and carry on, there area lot of words or phrases | don't know, I stop reading because the text is too high for my level. 4 [try to flgure out the meaning rom the context. bb Discuss your answers with the lass, 2 Using contextual clues to figure out meaning In pairs, use the context to guess the meaning of the ‘words in tac. Discuss the clues you used to discover the meaning. 1. Therman used a sharp ax to chop the tree down, We know i's sharp, hea knife, and it's a too, so i's {a too! for cutting down tees. 2 Every time | come across a new word, | each for the dictionary, 3. Pete's 2 rea technophobe. He refuses to buy a cel [phone and won't use the copy machine. 4 Hey, Jane, | have to give this presentation next week 2nd | know that you're really good a that kind of thing ‘Can pick your brains for half an hour or so? Using structural clues to figure out meaning 1 You can also use information about the type of word {aciectve, noun, verb, etc), to discover what it means. In par, lok atthe sentence and answer the questions. “The catty choodle departed on time for a change. 1 Write 2s many questions as you can about tne ‘nonsense words cratty and choodl. ‘What kind cheecile. was b? 2 What kind of word is choodle? Write three words that could replace itin the sentence. 3 What kind of word is craty? Write three words that could repiace itin the sentence. You can aiso use word formation to discover what a \ word means. For example, the noun csagreement is made of three parts: pret BQ G® CH 1 The prefix os- is used witn some verbs, nouns. ‘and acjectives to create the opposite, usually negative, meaning. 2 The word agree is the base word or rot 3. The suffix ment indicates thatthe word is a noun. root sufi “Yoram | your next few English lessons make a ist of any important new = and tte Uist new words, phrases, etc. you fgured out and thei meanings. len fom the reedng texts, In pairs, analyze these words in the same way as ‘disagreement: complete the table and say what they al mean. Use a dictionary if necessary. ‘© Choose the comect word in tai. 1 Carel reference / referencing is essential / essontialy in a research paper 2 Happy / Happiness isa qualty that we don't all have the fortune / misfortune to enjoy. 3 Jenny fot satistied / dissatisfied that her boss ortiteed / ential her work. 4 The earthquake was strong / strongly enough to cause alt of destruct / destruction. 5 Unemployment / Unemployed is causing desperation /dasperate among workers. 4 Applying what you've looked at ‘2 Read this text and decide which underined words or [phrases are important to understand the text. Then try to.guess more or less what the important words or phrases mean, bb Discuss your answers with your class or group, | My Fark German. deseo Stl never forget my fort formal German. lesson. wa ol concen tl fot Léuttedtlas on my stomach all morning about the 2: Dees “Tischler entered the casstom. The woman. handed out a newspaper anticle and. saitt, "Moase A fughlight alt the words you do nit know" The text nas 5) cibfaculs te title alone had me sneating - 6 Die Weauer fale nach 23 Gahven, Sather than T pallong ast oy haar on dosperaiony S pul up my hand and on by asked ae pie locas be as easy as ths?” ae RUconnected? UnitsChoose the correct tense, simple present or present progressive. 1 Water is boiling / boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 2 Tlive alone back home but right now I share /I'm sharing apartment with my sister. 3 I'm only in California for a year or so; I'm taking postgraduate course at UCLA. 4 Tget up early and write for a couple of hours and then J usually go /T'm usually going for a walk 5 Next weekend / go /J'm going to my grandfather's 75 birthday party. take a ‘There are six mistakes with the simple past and present perfect, in the essay on the right, My Hometown. Look at the example and underline the remai takes. Write the correct form below. haveloed 3 1 =~ 2 5 Complete these sentences with five of the adverbs from the box. sinco for just already yet ever recently 1 [don’t want to see that movie again - I've seen itsix tin 2 I've studied English mistakes, 3 I've worked here long time and don't want to leave ~ I'm used to working hi 4 Have you finished that assignment to hand it in tomorrow. 5 Have you taken part in a chat room o I was six and I still make We have | Tove my hemetonn. | lived here all my life and | can't imagine living aayuhere else. | did travel to other places but they just don't Fil sue with ‘the same Feeling oF contentuent, 0 hy a0 | 50 hagpy here? The nest ingertant thing for me here if my fan Es cao baa aan when | wis a child. | have « lot of friends at eles, ao, Another ingortant thing about bicthsace is thet Hs wot too big 30 can walk, downtown in 1S minutes. That makes me Sd a nee hie, thar nae ey cous obs hag ered to Chinge from here fv nent age ahunys complains about how difficult it is to sve her Sends. he lived there since ast July and Al mises her life hare, The last thing thet makes me lve tay henatonn if that there are lots OF things to do. Tust last week there was 4 est rec coer in the toon square varybody was there ~ even my grant! baleen oy ae only Tay! Move to another city? Not ne, the staying bene! Complete these sentences with the correct form of used to or be used to + -ing verb and the verb in parentheses. 1 [don't play soccer any more. (play) but I'm too old and slow now: 21 (not/work) with music on, Could you turn it off, please? young but now [love it! 3 1 {not/like) gardening when Ts 4 (you/play) with toy trains when you were a kid? 3 (ou/live) in the country now? It's so quiet compared to the town you moved from, Match the problems with the wishes and regrets. 1 [oft college early without a degree. 2. I've gained a couple of kilos during this vacation 3 My boss fired me. 4 Ihave to do two jobs to make enough to survive 5 We broke down on the highway and had to call for help, ‘a [only Ihad the mo: b [fonly I didn't have © Twish I hadn't gone out to restaurants every ev [wish [hadn't insulted hor in front of the other employees, © [fonly Thad finished my major ey to buy a new car 10 work so hard.smplete this text with the adjective form of five of the irds in the box. [tract fiend croata relax coopatale Teepedt The Ideal Boss ve had alot of bad ad managers in my time: me see aa : incompetent: But Pike to ely aboutmy lst oss. She wea eo Sort of person — aie “Dtight oF nerve and she always had time and a stile for everybody. She manages grote ann 2 atmosphere inthe workplace we began to see each other soca proud us alll to be = — in Our work ~ she didn fee t0 work on our own, As nee Wwe were 4 with each other we worked wel 8 team and with her We all espe her: he was not only experieneed elfiient and 62 gee communicated openly and reat team spirit, eee 8. Underline the odd word out 1 a 3 4 Byes: black/blue/brown/green Wine: red/white/black/rosé Hair: blond/brown/yellow/black 1h Choose the correct word, a, b,c, or d, to fill in the blanks | went tothe bank for adce the other day. "ve been 4. ot of ‘money recently and needed some advice from my foan offcat ‘Anyway, | asked her what my options were, apart from 2 .. Some more money from the bank, which relly don't want to do. Of course, when a bark 3... you money, you dor’ arty repay the loan put also the interest and | can't afford that. It's dificut for me to 4 ary money right now ~ have 80 mary obligations nowedaye that | spend everything 1S. ight ave, The fact sm salary is st 100 tow. ty to be optimist, but ifs realy hard ght now. 1 ausing spending making d missing 2 alending taking casking_d borrowing 3 aowes blonds —cborrows gives 4 akeep — bwaste —esave.—d guard Sawin save ceam —— d gain Complete this dialogue by choosing the appropriate ‘word or phrase from the box. Only five words or phrases are used. download attachment file crash toolbar virus connection Net Web site scroll bar home page logon online John Hey, good to see you. I wonder if you Luke I can try. What's the problem? John 1 think I picked up a1 the 2 Luke Oh, nol So what happens to your computer? John Well, every timo I try to go 3_ I get this mossage saying an error has occurred and the computer just switches itself off. [haven't been able to send any e-mails for days! Luke I know a very good 4__that provides really good anti-virus programs free. You can 5 them onto your computer. I used one and it worked. John Great. Could you send me the detail: Luke 8} Complete the sentences with the correct form of five of the words in the box. pormuade complain boast shout | gossip discussion argue 1 Our neighbors about the noise during our party last night 21 as loudly as I could atthe child, but she couldn't hear me 3 Nothing you say will Falls on a bicycle! 4 Actors are well known for__ about each other ~ they love to talk about other stars” secret lives 5 Have you heard? Joe and Helen had an enormous and aren't talking to each other anymore. __ me to cross NiagaraThe four people in the article below are also at the Which one would k to? Why? son that the writer suggests is the Gy mm GLOSSARY attribute a pc r 6 ors posture thi n aspire desi k met© Make notes of what the writer says about the four people in the pictures. Discuss the notes with your partner, Do you agree with the writer? Think of your bestfriend or boyfriend/girliriend. Whore did you moot? What do you think first attracted you to that person? 2 Listening skills ® « Listen to four conversations at a party. Match the conversations with the four people in Exercise 1a. (The people in the pictures are the second speaker in each conversation.) 4 person 2 person 3 person 4 person Listen again and answor the questions. 41. What is the outcome of each conversation? ssful? Listen to these short exchanges from the conversations and complete them. 1. A Do you work with Daver B No, know Davo from way back - we wore in school together. A ‘You've kept in touch? B Yeah, well, it’s not so difficult when you're in the samo town. Do you live near here? ‘Well, no, om the other side of town, near the airport. => A B So you're in the travel industry. What exactly do you do? A Oh, I'ma fight attendant, nothing exciting. B Nothing exciting, 2 bet you get to see some interesting places, ‘A Well, yeah, we do, I suppose. I've just come back from Caracas. B ; A Yeah, it was really fascinating. 3A Where are you from? Michigan. 2 T’ve never been to Michigan. Tim from New York, So, what do you do? Pm a research biologist. pe ope 3 Pronunciation: intonation (@ & Listen to tho exchanges again. Who sounds interested? Who sounds bored? Why? {® b Intonation shows how intorosted we are in a person or a conversation, Listen and repeat tho phrases that you wrote in the conversations above. 4 Grammar review and extension: future plans, intentions, and arrangements 4 Look at these examples and answer the questions. 41 'm meeting some friends on Saturday. ‘We're seeing a play atthe theater. 2 The light leaves vory early in the morning. 3. I'm going to try that new salsa club. 4. Which tense/verb form is used in each example? b Which example describes an intention, not a plan? © Which example describes a very definite plan, such as a schedule? 1b Which sentences describe the present and which scribe the future? Write P or F 1 Are you enjoying the party? 2 We're leaving for Paris next Monday. 3 My tran arrives at six on Wednesday. 4 'm staying with my cousin in Chicago next weekend. 5 Jeremy always arrives late for the class. © Read the information about the ways of expressing future plans and intentions on page 46, then write sentences from the prompts below, using the correct form. 1 sho/ fly / Thailand / Saturday (She has already bought the ticket) aa She's Hagng to Thalind on. Sabor, a 2 her flight / leave / 7:30 / morning : (This is the scheduled time.) 3 hor parents / take her / airport (This is their intention.) 4 1/ stay / home / watch soccer /‘TV tonight (But [could change my mind.) 5 we/ play /in/ soccer final / Saturday (it’s in the program.) 6 game / start / 3:00 / afternoon (This is the scheduled time.) 5 Speaking skills a Choose one of the situations below. Make notes of your plans for the situation (e.g. times, travel) and your preparations (e.g. clothes, conversation topics). 1 You're new in this town and you have been invited to a party on Saturday. You won't ‘know anybody there, but you want to make ‘some now frionds. 2 Your boyfriend's/girlfriend’s parents have invited you for lunch. You haven't met them before and you want to make a good impression. b In pairs, talk about the situations and what you intend to do. Remember to show interest in what ‘your partner says! ‘T'm going to a party on Saturday. I'm going to wear firm ayMarriage: a dying institut 1 Reading skills @ One in two couples in the Un divorced, and the rate is inen ‘you think people get divorces many divorces in your count b Road the article quickly. Mat with the four brief summaries. 1 The statistics may give an pessimistic impression of divorce, C) 2. The current trend and pre future are for an increasing A good marriage can 4 The incroase in t result of changes in societ o divore tion? nited States get roasing. Why do sd? Aro there as ich the paragraphs dictions for the 1g divores rate. alot of benefits LJ erate may be the va THE STATE OF MARRIAGE TODAY Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 530% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests itis going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the break-up of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association ‘Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now. But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. ‘The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage. “In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be pessimistic as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is stil quite popular. In addition to this, ‘many couples now cohabit and don’t bother to marry ~ these couples are effectively married, but they do not © Find reasons for these facts in the article. Way 1. is marriage not a necessity for women any longer? 2. .«.doos the number of cobs trend? 3... are the statistics decopti staying in first marriages? appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriges So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships! mm clossarY iabiting couples not affect the | ive with rogard to people 4... is marriago bonoficial to men? d In pairs, talk about successful What makes a good marriage’ Couples have to learn to acce Unita Bg Together | marriages that you know. ch other's differences extramarital outside of marriage gloomy depressing, pessimistic | cohabit live together (as « couple)2 Grammar: predicting the future ‘@ Road the first paragraph of the article again. Underline four predictions about the future of marriage. Which future forms do they use? bb Look at the ways of predicting the future on page 46, then complete the paragraph below with the correct form of the verbs. One of the problems faced by the western world is its falling population. Couples need to produce ‘an average of 2.4 children, but in many countries that has fallen to below two and 1 __ (definitely continue) to fall. In some European ‘countries the average couple has only one child aand evidence suggests that it 2___ (get) worse ‘as more couples decide not to have children. ‘This, of course,3___ (cause) many problems in the future. Ifthe population continues to fall there 4 (be) fewer peoplo in work, governments 8 {raise} less money in taxation, and there 6 __ (be) less money available for the sick and the elderly. © Complote these predictions in your own words ‘Then, in pairs, compare your sentences 1 In50 yoars, marriage 2 Lfmore people get divorced 3 In the future, single-parent families 4 In tho future, the sizeof families 3 Vocabulary: the family a Complete each definition about the family with two words from the box. ‘brother children family fathor half dalow ivlaw mother parent single sister stop traditional working 1. Your wife's brother is your Athervn-lax: 2 Your husband’s father is your __ 3 Ifyou marry a man or woman with children, they become your 4 Ifyou have a sister with a different father or ‘mother, she is your 5 Mother, father, and two children form a 6 A man or woman on their own with children forma family. 7 A woman with children who works outside the home is a Match the verbs and nouns, then write them in the order in which we usually do these things in cour lives. Compare your order with a partner 1 got a more children 2 got b married 3 got © ababy 4 gooutwith engaged 5 have © a boy/girl 6 have F divorced Check your answers in the Vocabulary Summary con page 46, 4 Writing skills 4 In small groups, discuss these questions. 1. Do any of tho phrases in Exercise $a describe ‘you? Which ones? 2. Do you have any of the paople in Exercise 3a in your family? Which ones? 3 How many of the actions in Exercise 3b have you done? = ‘a Read the Intemet posting about the state of marriage and complete it with words from Exercise 3. What has happened to thea __ family. parents and children, with the mother at home? It seems today that most children have 2___ mothers, so they are left with strangers all day, which can't be good for them. In my day, mothers stayed at home with their children, and if they had to work, they left the children with their own mother or mother- 3 Then of course there are the 4 ___-parent families, where a couple has gotten 5__, leaving the children with only one parent at home ~ or worse, where the couple didn't get6___in the first place, and the woman has to bring up the children totally on her own, It isn’t right. Then you get divorced people who remarry and end up with several 7__children ~ and these poor children get totally confused. | believe that these children will grow up with terrible problems, which of course leads to more crime and unemployment, What can we do about this? bb Do you agree with the writer ofthis posting? Discuss the posting with a partner, © You are going to write a posting about a related topic. In pairs, discuss the statements below and ‘choose one that you are both interested in, Write 1 short posting of about 100 words 1 People have children too young — before they know whether their relationship is “right”. 2 Single-parent families can’t bring up children as well as traditional families. 3 Families where both parants work have some advantages. 4 Divorce is not necessarily bad for children, d Join with another pair and in groups of fou exchange postings. Write a reply and “send loresting the message back again. Read out -mossages to the class.1 Speaking skills 4 What kind of frond are you? Choose tho bost answers for you inthe questionnaire below 1b Discuss your answors with a partner. Then look at your score on page 149. Do you agree’ € Copy and complete th “important relationshi circle with names of flends and family. Someone ear “co in tho cle sore important than those fur awey. . a mega tn a caver Guat ical TATE toe 0 pe lpn wp taGy se Tepeent igen How opal your edi different without them? A Who's Karon? B She's my gliltnd. We've been together for three yous and think well gt married some sg A And Pole sovnan my best fiend We ply bascbal topethr 7 sry ese tal ots et Rim t woulda havo hse fend conan What would you do if your friend had a new hairstyle and you thought it looked awful? a say "What did you do to your hair?! 'b say “That looks great! Which hairdresser did you go to?" © say “Sorry, but I don’t think it really suits Yyou. It might be nice if you cut it shorter, though.” if you were sharing an apartment with a friend and they never did any housework? @ tell your friend they had to move out 'b stop doing housework yourself to make apoint ¢ talk to your fiend about it and explain the problem if your best friend started to make it your friend was feeling really alot more money and you were still almost always broke? feel jealous and ask your friend to pay for you all the time 1b sa0 less of your friend because you don't want him/her to pay for everything © suggest doing things together that don't cost a ot of money depressed after a relationship breakup? @ slop caling your fiend because he/she Is always complaining } tell your friend to call you whenever he/she wants € insist on taking your friend to parties, but listen when he/she wants to talk unt gu Together if you were at a party with a friend and you met a really attractive person? ‘a spend all evening with the person and ignore your friend b ask your friend if he/she minds if you ‘spend the whole evening with the Person ¢ invite the person to j friend iN You and your2 Vocabulary: friendship 4 Listening skills a Add some words and phrases from the ‘a Who is the most important person in your life {questionnaire and scores in Exercise 1 to right now? Why’? Has this always been the caso? the diagram, Complete this table for the different times in your life Important people in my life Age. ae ‘Survey oa 58 R mt oz 13-16 17.21 22-25 © b Listen to a survey based on the table above and complete the “Survey” column, b_ Add the words in the box to the diagram, Can you add any other words or phrases? iship girlfriend hip unfriendly become friends form a iri real friend strike up a frien ¢ In pairs, complete each sentence with two different ideas. 1 Friondship is 2. If someone at a party were unfriendly toward me, I would 3 If wanted to make new friends, I would 4 IF Thad a fair-weather friend, [ would 5. If my gitlfriend/boyfriend did something 1 disapproved of, I would 6 One way of striking up a friendship Share your ideas with another pair. 3 Grammar review: second conditional a Look at the clauses ir the rule Exercise 2c and complete Second conditiona (not) + infinitiv + simple b Read about the second conditional on page 46. Then match the condition clauses with the main clauses and write sentences in the second clause and waite centancts inthe aco @e whon wo speak naturally wo often add ito words to make our speech sound more natural, 41 lf my best friend lived near me, 1 eg. well, you see, sure, absolutely, 1 mean. Listen 2 IL weren't so shy, 1 again and expand these responses to make them 3 If Lwanted to got married, 1 sound more natura 4 If we went out more often, we 1 Swe, go ahead 5 If thought a friend weren't honest with me, 2 ___, my mother, definitely. 6 Ifyou weren't so demanding, vou 3 ___, no, [don't think so. a. marry someone different from me. 4 when I was about five to eight? bend the friendship 5 ___, my mom used to go out to work © meet more people. 6 Tcan't really remember: make friends moro easily 7 Much more important. ehbeee ieee reel 8 My girlfriend. My first real girlfriend £ see her once a week. 4 in pairs, compare your answers from the chart a ed Feit vata and think about the future, Who are going to be the most important people in your li Together | a |1 Warm up 4 Look at the definitions. Where do you think you ‘come on the scale below? Put a cross (36) at the best point 1. non-assertive not making your opinions and desires known; willing to accept what others want above what you want 2. assertive behaving and expressing ideas in a firm and confident manner 3. aggressive behaving in an angry or rude way, often indicating that you want to fight, attack, or argue with someone non-assertive assertive aggressive a In groups, decide whether these expressions are assertive (A), non-assertive (NA), or aggressive (AG) language. Which of them do you tend to say? 1 Twould like to discuss this with you, if you don't mind. 2 Do itnow! 3 That's a really dumb idea. 4 I'seo your point, but in my opinion ... 5 Well, ifyou say s0 ... let's do it your way. 6 Idon’t mind what we do. ‘Think of your family, friends, and acquaintances. Write the initials of three or four people on the scale. Explain to your partner, with examples, ‘why you put them there 2 Task Take the quiz on the opposite page to find out how assertive you are. b Discuss tho quiz in a small group. Keop a note of the other students’ answers, 3 Prepare ‘8 Chock your answors with the key on page 149. b Summarize what you have learned about yourself and others in your group, How assertive are you compared with the other members of your group? 4 Feedback Report your group’s results to the class. ‘Which group has the most assertive members? 5 Compare Qi utes ts es pers cela pl toca the questionnaire. Which questions do they discuss? 'b What kind of person do you think Rob is, assertive, aggressive, or non-assertive? How about Jane? 6 Notice Look at these extracts from the conversation. In informal conversation we often leave words out. ‘Which words have the speakers left out from the underlined expressions? 1 [still haven't done the last two, Done yours? Have you done yours? 2 Yeah, finished ages ago. [finished ages ago. ing” words in these examples from This has happened to me so many times ~ such a pain. Remember last summer, the restaurant near the beach? Wasn't very assortive of us, was it? Really? Amazing. I'd ask people to introduce themselves. 7 Follow up Look at the situations in the quiz. Have you been in any of those situations? Did you assert yourself or not? Discuss the situation with your partner, using these questions. What was the incident? Thad really bad food at a restaurant. Where did it happen? It was in a pizza place in town. ‘When did it happen? Who were you talking to? How did you react? Why did you roact as you did? How did you feel afterwards?Win — win, win, or just lose? Do you always win, whereas the others normally lose? Just maybe you’re the aggressive type. Do you usually find yourself losing while the others wint Then perhaps you’re the non-aggressive type. Do you win and do they win, too? Well, if that’s how things normally happen, you’re probably the assertive type. But enough talking, take our questionnaire and find out who you are. a | drive off without saying anything bb | insist that the other driver leave the space. € Thave an argument with them and then drive fT ss aad a Tell your friend firmly that you value your things and would like them back. bb Tell your friend that they're behaving like a thief and you won't lend them anything else. € Say nothing. What are a few books and CDs compared to friendship, anyway? a | complain to the waiter. b | leave it on the plate. ¢ I threaten the manager with legal action a I've never heard so much garbage in my life before! b I can see what you're getting at, but have you considered ...? Yeah, | suppose you're right. a | avoid using people's names and refer to them as PROSE it “he” and “she” b I suggest to the teacher that we all introduce ourselves briefly € go around introducing myself to everyone.Grammar Summary 1 Future plans, intentions, and arrangements | Form Use Examples ‘going © plans or intentions: Fm gong to study rer a.decson made before medicine the tie ot spsaking ‘She's og toget marred Prosomt dette plans: teksts We're leaving progressive booked, appointments: tomorrow. made, ete olen wth 'mseeing don time adverb) tonont ‘Simple very datinteroutine or The concer starts, prosent -scheded events, eg. ateignt o'clock Scpedkles, concerts Johns ight arives at 1620 ‘Avoid repeating the verb go when you use going to: We're going to go to the movies. X We're going fo the movies. ‘Sometimes going to and the present progressive have ite or 1a diference in meaning: What ara you doing this weekend? What are you going to do this weekend? In'you are unsure which form is corect, use going to, 2 Predictions about the future Form Use Examples gong to predictions forwhich ts going tora. Sve wehave evigencenow, (Look the clouds) le. basedon something I'm going to feel bad ‘we can $00, hear ore! tonight. 'vehed 00 atthe time of speaking muchtto eat) 1wil/won't personal opinions about think the Democrats +e the future and vl probably win the predictions based on ection. astevdence(oten _No, the Republicans with think and adverbs wilwin. They aways suchas deta, cdo when the economy probably) 'sbad. Fest prediction that depends you continue to ‘conditional onafutureconditon annoy the dog, he being ffiled wait you 9 First conditional Use “The fist concitional precicts a future result dependent on a future condition: f you work hard, you'l pass the exam, Form 1¥ + present, wil/ won't + infinitive If Maria. goes to the party then I won’t go. Itis possible to use othar present forms in the if clause of a frst Concitionat: It James is staying at home tonight, I'l cancel the babysitter We can put the clauses in either order cancel the babysitier if James is staying at home tonight. We put a comma ater the f clause when it comes at the bbegrning of the sentence. 4 Second conditional Use ‘Wo use the second conditional to talk about a future resuit or faction that is unlikely because the condition inthe f clause wll probably not be fulled: I Phil got a promation, we could move to the country. (Phils nikal to get a promotion.) \We also use this conditional when the state or action in the it clause is contrary to a present fact it Thad a big house, 'o1be much happier don’ have abi house.) If] wore you, 'd gat a new job. (rm not you) Form 11+ past, would/ woulan’t + infinitive Hf \Maria went fo the party, then | wouldn't go. tis possible to use other past forms in the if clause, and other ‘model veros (usually might or could} in the maln clause: I someone famous were coming, we would buy tickets for the festival, If he tole her he loved her, then she might marry hin \Weuse might when the result i less certain and could when there is an element of abilty or possibilty We can put the clauses in either order: She might many hin ihe to her he loved her We put a comma after the f clause when it comes atthe beginning of the sentence, ‘Make two complete sentences from each set of prompts, ‘one in the first conditional and one in the second ‘conditional. If1/ g0/ abroad next year // probably go / Europe 11/1 win lottery /1/ give /a lot of money / poor people I1/ they / offer me / new job /1/ accept it I/1 / moet / Nicote Kidman /|/ask / autograph Vocabulary Summary 1 Family Types of family: ractional family one-parent/ single-perent / step family Family members: workng mother. step mother / father / brother / ‘ster half brother sicter mother / father / other / ister-r-iaw 2 Friends and friendship Collocations with adjective + noun: Dest tend close fend. far-woather fiend good rend great fend ld fiend. rel fiend Collocations with verb + noun: be friends become ‘tends ‘oma frendship keep trends make frends strike up a fiendship Compound nouns: fendiship boyhiend ghiiend Adjectives: Fondly untrencly Find these words or phrases from the lists above, four expressions that mean start a frendshio ‘ne way of descr 2 person you nave known fora long time ‘ve ways of desorbng a fend in a postive way cone way of descrting a frend ina negative way ‘wo words that suggest a romantic friendship 3 Life stages go out with aboy/ gid > get engaged + get married > have ababy > have more children -> get divorced Unita w TogetherA discursive essay 1 Thinking about the main topic ee ae ato oe he meening of Ina dscurste essay. the water argues foro aganst Ina, show each othe ard tek about nienaorecietncose:, — aeaaiaieten seiaeatn ra lecursa eeay, cuss the qucton, Do you thi tho on wemuuretat ts Wesneoee traditional famiy unt isin danger? Why? / Why not? i 2 Thinking about the main idea 3 Organizing a discursive essay ‘@_ Look at these three titles for the essay below and then This type of essay is usually organized into three parts: read It, Which title is the best one? ‘the introduction, the main body of the essay, and the 1. The future of the traditional family is under threat. conclusion. 2. Respect isthe key tothe preservation ofthe fay, ‘Flin the blanks in each of the defitons below with ‘ntodvcton, main bod, and conclusion. “The dangers facing the tars survival can 2 ye hee hid 1. The_can be made up of two 0 more DEVELOP YOUR WRITING pecans poe The arguments for or against the main 1 Some peaple claem that on ty years or 50 the ee mae bradhional Family wll be in deep ons. They Say | B= emuratees heme pois decvssedt that there ave signs of this cnss today, for pole! | aike pacucen roma me the number of deverces and the ncrase in sngle- Bore = pean tees wives Pavent famulses en Some parts of the world. S ‘rection ofthe essay. I aso introduces the main idea chsagree that the family is Lkely to disappear Of the essay in one sentence that can ether come completely. Honever, £ thenk ib es brue that there ‘eer the beginning o the end of the paragraph. ave a lat of pressures on the. family today and £ Db Underine the man idea ofthe essay inte intresucion believe that it is emparant ta lack ob wei on which ‘andin the conciusion. family tues can be srengthened. There are a nauméer of thengs that Can be dome to improve it Using fixed phrases in an szany ao nics the fi 2 is sean passin wing fore osays peer ere Stuy the it blow arc then ads at ast ons 2 Fort all, members othe family should respect tampa rom he exo to each catego. cach cher. Although cach member has a nght bo express theer news clearly and. Formby, bs wrong to show cusrespect for ethevs or for thesr apinsons. eaten aewiee 3 Second, pavents and children. should learn. bo dete to each ather. Even thaugh many peocte claim | Perera thenmterveniion | inmy ven, .. \Seievs tet) 'b. Check your answers with the teacher. 1 pt Enns yor tal mt ang SERRIMCOTCRES Seperate | kdl which ences give and. take anc this } of consirictrve dialogue is very important ona | Tee taneteconions | Riekuethet i “s Sener ee a i ee ee, eas | Ly, que ° Giving example to support | ie cine 0 fama yoregunen etiam | ai yur poke ~~ a | en Ni 8 Fn conclusion, S agree that there is a threat to the } San, traditional Family today. St is therefore very | ‘ empartant For Families to work together to strengthen. | Making concusions Sees heer relationships. Sr meg spinion, this & best ached through values Such as respect, en © nepiies Sie you mrs ienned comenienicahion, anh a Sense & responsibly ®Inpars, compete paragraph 4n he essay onto When you have fished, compare your answer with 1b Compare your answers and justify your choice the mode on page 148. "Your action plan wring scsi cosay Here are some possible essay tes: this type of essays important to you fracas, Peake natin beter then fii h ab cre. professional, or personal reasons, why not wtta one’? ei cierto ws happens: | Here are some basic steps: ss tei ity anair |. Step 1: Look carefuly at the tle and brainstorm ideas. | Step 3: Wea craft version, in about 250 words r "Step 4 ead the ca and focus on iron tho Sivan oo “organization of ideas, the language, and the punctuation. ‘Step 5: Write the final version of the essay. Ei Unita |Inventions 2 Pronunciation: stress on compound nouns 4 Compound nouns are made of two words, e ‘mouse pad. Say those compound nouns to yourself. Is the stress on the first or second word? ‘washing machino papor clip dishwashor ‘water cooler armchair answering machine ® b Listen and check your answers. € Write @ definition of an object from Exercise 1b (or choose your own). In groups, read out the definitions for other students to guess the objects USEFUL LANGUAGE 1s the thing wo use at home / in the office for ..-ing verb oe 1 Vocabulary: everyday objects ite a kind of machine /a pice of ‘equipment that It's a small gadget/device/machine that LANGUAGE =a In pairs, read the descriptions of useful, everyday What do you inventions and guoss what they are, Use the call that pictures and the list in Exercise 1b to help you. stuffithing 1a small piece of bent wire that we uso for we use for + holding pieces of paper together eet 2 small pieces of paper with glue on the back 3 Reading skills that are used for sticking notes on other papers Look at tho pictures with tho article on tho opposite and surfaces page. What are these objects made of? What do you 3 a white liquid used for covering mistakes in think i the most common material we use today? something you are writing b Read the article quickly and check your answers, 4 a flat surface that you put under a computer ‘mouse so that it can move smoothly 5 acontainer that stores and chills drinking Write a title for the article, using at least two of these words: invention material accident important b Patthe words rom the box below in th table peti prea ie Seeley Which items can be found at home, in the office, © These statements all contain factual errors. Read orboth? the article again and correct them. 1 Society today uses a lot of traditional materials in the home and office. 2 Inventors spent a long time trying to find the first plastic 3 Parkes found that collodion tured into a solid if t was exposed to ar. 4 All plastics are hard and durable. 5 Planes have carried radar machines since radar In groups, discuss those questions, 11 What information about plastic was new to you? 2 What plastics do you use in your everyday life? 3 Do you prefer plastic or natural materials? Why? © Check your answers in the Vocabulary Summary on page 56, washing machine paper clip dishwasher water cooler armchair answering machine food processor ironing board alarm clock hole puncher dishtowel filing cabinet correction fluid. sticky notes photocopier mouse pad cutting board. fax machine units Eureka!Recent history hag seen countless new inventions that have changed the lives of most people on this planet. Just look around you = how many of the things in your home oF vrnce, clothes that you're wearing, tools you're using, are made of materials Wwe didn’t now 150 years ago? What, in fact, is the most common material in your environment? (Our lives would have been very different if plastic had not come along 150 years ago. Plastic is used in just about everything these days, from grocery bags and children’s toys to furniture, computers, and cars. Replacement body parts are even made from plastic today! We obviously need this mera butkeminy |g eacontoea‘The int ev fd dangerous. Plastic bags throven tren iteameaDet pe, sine a8 aa not things as ito the se, for example, kl EE peesthed in 1862, Atabout the diverse as Kitchen equipment thousands of fish and other accident. Alexander Parkes, an shuttle, and it marine animals every year. same time, the Hyatt brothers and the spas Eoghan, ea gy eine Sanioraeds. niv with the development However, more and more get some collodion, and inthe Oeance Gat they oflight plastics thatradar peopl ae reeyting and the PC ecinemenaetd, = celluloid, which was could be fitted to planes; not-too-distant future about discovered tha u ‘commonly used in film- tbefore then radar machines 40% of plastic may be recycled. Just think, if ‘urned into a tough, rubbery nla “Ne ‘Since those early days were too heavy ifferent plastics have Plastics are extremely useful Come into existence: hard, because they are cheap to ‘we could durable plastics; soft silky produce, song, very durable develo a fabrics; malleable, easily arr im comparioon with gloss, Piste that moldable substances. IFParkes ight and safe. Imagine was 100) idart discovered that first carryingapackof four two Tecvclble, plastic, technological Gergen bonteaborme from We Aly Mlevelopment would have been he supermarket, ina paper would Have Giorslower. Because some hag! Bur team take up to 100, found he plastics are resistant to sears for plastic to disintegrate, “Wonder stuff”! fextremes of heat and cold, they and discarded plastic ean be Rewrite the sontences by putting the underlined womans words and phrases in the correct order. collodion liquid used in medicine, to stop ee ‘ igs stop bleeding he wouldn't have bec 8 malleable can change shape easily 75 Se legrate break up, gradually rot, or disappear aula 2 Iflsaac Newton hadn't sat under the apple tree, 4 Grammar: third conditional wouldn't gravity have he discovered x isigiMeeiaiaiediatme ale aired aio ener ssoulda atomic empons have scientists cated If Parkes hadn't discovered that frst plastic technological development would have been a lot Beales eet slower. penicillin, have alotof people died would 1 Did Parkes discover the first plastic? 5 Microsoft If started BillGates bad not . he 2, Was technological development slow? wouldn't have become the richest man in the 3 Are the events in the sentences in the past or ven present? 5 ‘ 4 Can we change the facts? Espey ee In groups, discuss these questions. 1 How would your life have boon different if you'd boon born 50 years ago? b Find a similar sontonco in the article and ‘complete this rule for the third conditional. 2. How would life have been different for your great grandparents (circa 1920s) with these i washing machines TV video / DVD the Internet modern medicine Eureka! a ‘Units Yepast___+___+_+ past participle —" © Check your answer with the Grammar Summary ‘on page 56, ventions?i | | i (era Sweet discoveries 1 Reading skills ¢ Road the article once more and underline the important details. Then complete these notes swith those details. (Remember to use abbreviations, leave out articles, etc.) a. In groups, discuss the questions. Then read Paragraph | choc good for you - has the article and check your answers. Havonads, > 1 Is chocolate good or bad for you? Paragraph 2 origens of chocs Olmecs 2, How was chocolate frst used? Mayas 3. Which country has the most “chocoholics"? Paragraph 3 1544 choc went > b Read the article again and match each paragraph Paragraph 4 — sola choc familiar. 1765 Saker ‘with a short summary. + Hanan f Paragraph 1 the popularity of other | Paragraph 5 Ux. big choc. ealing country. ... forms of chocolate Paragraph 2 chocolate spreading d In pairs, look at your notes. Can you add anything to Europe to improve your partner's notes? Dayenn hhow chocolato maybe _-~& ‘groups, discuss these questions, good for you 1 Do you eat chocolate? not, why not? Paragraph 4 the most “chocobolie 2 Ifyou do, how much chocolate do you eat? Are country in the world you. chocoholic? PenemNS io Gos of HOKE 3. When do people eat chocolate? Why do they like it so much? SCIENTISTS MAKE SWEET DISCOVERY! 1. Good news for chocoholics: the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California, Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin ‘and that eating a bar of chocolate one in a while may contribute to a healthy diet. Chocolate has also been ‘shown to release endorphins in the body: these ‘chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy. 2 But who first discovered this wonderful way of keeping healthy? The Olmec indians of Mexico and Central ‘America were the first to grow cocoa beans, in about 1500 ec, and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened ‘cocoa hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe. The word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl ‘word xocolatl, which means “bitter water’. 3 In 1544, a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift. Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal. The Spanish ‘were the first to add sugar to their cocoa drink. in the ‘17th century, chocolate was becoming fashionable with the middle-classes, not only as a drink but also as a medicine. - li: 4 By the middie of the century, solid chocolate was becoming familiar. In 1753, a Swedish scientist renamed cocoa theobroma or “food for the gods’. In 1765, James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States, introducing chocolate to the average citizen. In 1876, in Switzerland, Daniel Peter had the idea of adding mik in the chocolate-making process. and produced the first milk chocolate. 5 Since then, chocolate has grown enormously in popularity. One of the biggest chocolate-eating nations is Britain where the average man, woman, and child eats a staggering nine kilos of chocolate a year! In fact, chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more “chocoholies” in Britain than anywhere else in the world, Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you, it should be eaten in small quantities — and with, no added milk, atta com GLOSSARY circulation the movement of blood around the body staggering amazing, incrodible chocoholic someone who is addicted to chocolate2 Vocabulary: describing food a Chocolate tastos s0 good because of its ‘combination of sugar and fat. Look at this list of nutrients in food. Which types of food in the box below do you associate with them? Food nutrients: carbohydrates fats. fiber protein sugar vitamins and mineral bread butter chicken eggs fish fruit ables (e.g. eabbage, spinach) jam milk oats oil pasta green v honey potatoes. legumes (e.g. beans, lentils) red meat rice yogurt b Look at the foods are and describe two of them, using the Useful Language below. nthe pic USEFUL LANGUAGE © Do you have a healthy diet? Make a note of what you eat on a typical day and discuss it in pairs. In groups, discuss these questions. 1. What balance of foods makes a healthy diot? Is obesity a problem in your country? Why ‘Why not? Is it worse than twenty years ago 3. Is obesity in children a problem? a LANGUAGE NOTE We say a food is high / ow in or full of something, ‘These can be positive or negative: Bot your vegetables. They're full of vitamins Most chips are high in fat and salt. Ifwe say a food fs rich in something, it is always positive: Liver is rich in iron 3 Listening skills @ You are going to listen to an interview with a TV chef about “comfort food”. What kind of food do you think this is? When do you think we eat it Look at the words and phrases in the box. Check the ones you think you will hear in the interview carbohydrate fat content fruit and vegetables fiber grandma healthy low in calories meatloaf overweight potatoes sour sweet @) ¢ Listen to the interview and check your answers, B 4 Liston agnin and complete this summary ofthe interview, Write one word or phrase in each What we think of as comfort food depends an each 1 but it tends to be 2 and filling. We usually eat comfort foods when we feel 3 and they are often dishes we associate with our mom and 4 They usually have a high 5 _ be thought of today as unhoalthy. However, there is 8 Jot more fat and 6 in much of the processed food we eat today, which results in a population that is 7 and suffers from problems such as 8 4 Speaking skills a The chef in the interview has the following opinions. Do you ageoe with him? Why? / Why not? 1 Weassociate comfort fo hildhood 2 We do not have an active lifestyle toda 3. People often eat garbage today with our 4 The government should do something to stop children from eating junk food. 5. Tho food industry should cut down on fat and salt in food b Can you thi ways of improving poople’s diet?Units skills How much do ‘you know about Christopher Columbus? In groups, decide if those common beliofs about him are true or fal. 4 Columbus sot out to prove that the arth was round. 2 Columbus bogan his journey in order to win glory and riches, 3 The crow of tho throo ships on tho voyage of discovery was made up mainly of criminal. 4 There is no doubt that Columbus was of Italian descent. 5 Columbus died in poverty, in chains, in ‘Spanish prison. 6 No women traveled to the New World with Columbus. 2 Reading skills a Road the paragraphs about Columbus quickly and check your answers to Exorcise 1. Then decide on the correct oder of the paragraphs. 19 20 a0 40 50 Which of these questions does the article answer? Check (7) those questions. 1. Where was Columbus born and raised? 2 When did he leave his native country? 3. What were the reasons for the “voyage of discovery” in 1492? 4 Who sponsored Columbus on his voyage of 1492? 5. Where exactly did he land at the end of the voyage? 6 What were the reasons for the second and third voyages? 7 What was the percentage of women traveling to the New World in 14987 {8 What was the reason for his death in 1506? In pairs, ask and answer the questions you checked in Exercise 2b. Can you answer any of the others? Ifnot, try to find out the answers. GLOSSARY serendipity when something valuable is discovered by luck quest search for something Eureka! me ‘commonly known oe fof course, the other commonly reason eae ol Was that Columibus was looking for 2 N68 ee (now part of In . sane ‘saling west rather than east. i pone c e Wort was therefore 2 ase case Of eT nad xxpectedly discov a i cats an had sled or 3000 ms wave Ihe had arrived in the East indies. ‘Columbus became a sailor at an early age and had made journeys as far as Iceland and Guinea before he made his famous voyage in 1492. Contrary to popular belief, Columbus didn't sal to the Americas in order to find out whether the Earth was round: at the end of the 15th century almost everyone knew it was a sphere. What was in question, however, was the size of the earth — its circumference. We do know that he sailed in part to fuffl @ religious quest: he saw his journeys as a futflment of a divine plan for his life. This third voyage was not a happy one f¢ sets reboled against tim anche was unabie tera ea of gold back, so he was arrested and returned to Spain in chains. However, the King and Queen soon apolegizes saying there had been a mistake, and Columbus was reed, By this time, 1500, Columbus was not a woll man and he dies quietly at the age of 55 in Valladolid, Spain, on May 20, 1506, in his own apartment attended by family and fiends. He was 2 relatively rich man at the time of his death, " Everyone knows the name of Christopher Columbus, and, as with any historical icon, there are as mary myths as truths about the man. Tako, for example, the disagreement about his origins ‘Some people say he was a converted Jew. The Spanish say he was from Spain, and the Italians claim he was from Italy There is, in fact, some evidence that he was born in 1451 ip ‘Genoa, which is now part of Italy. Columbus left on the voyage of discovery from the south of ‘Spain, with a crew made up mainly of experienced sailors from the area. He made two further voyages before the end of the century, taking Europeans across to colonize the new lands. On his third voyage in 1498, he also took women to the New World,3 Grammar review and extension: past perfect / past perfect progressive Look at these two sentences. Find one sentence in the article that means the same, Columbus made journeys as far as Iceland and Guinea. Then he made his famous voyage ia 1492. Find other sentences inthe article using the past perfect. Which part ofthe sentence happens first {in timo), the clause with the simple past or the cone with the past perfect? 'b Look atthe diagram and choose the correct answer. ‘The past perfect tell us that something happened .. 1 at the same time asthe events in the simple past. 2 before the time referred to in the simple past 8 after the event in the simple past | < sled for 3,000 miles» 1492 PAST. Now Columbus had sailed for 3,000 miles when he discovered the Americas. SET: © Look at the sentence and complete the rule for the past perfect progressive. When he unexpectedly discovered the Americas, he had been traveling for three weeks. We form the past perfect progressive with + __+-ing verb. d_ Make sentences by joining the questions and answers below with because, 1 Why wae Columbus happy when he resched 2 Why was Columbus impatient to set off? 3. Why was Columbus delighted when Isabel agreed to help? 4 Why was Columbus anxious to travel? 5 Why did Columbus feel depressed? He thought he had discovored the East Indi ‘The Portuguese King had refused to help him. He had been looking for support for his journey. He had been reacling about Marco Polo. He'd been thinking about this voyage for years. a Cabumbus was happy when he reached land because he thought he had asconved the Fast Src 4 Writing skills, @ Columbus’ discovery of the Americas is one of the most famous examples of serendipity. You are {going to read another short story about serendipity, ‘and then write your own story. First, put these ‘connecting words and phrases in the table, also although as soon as because eventually fortunately inaddition in theend luckily suddenly later too when while 'b Read the short story and fill in the blanks with ‘words or phrases from Exercise 4a. lLnever forget the day I met the love of my life. ‘was on my way home from work one evening ‘1 __ Itwas raining 2___the streets were deserted. Thad been driving for about 20 minutes 3___Inoticod a strange burning smell. 4, smoke started pouring out of the hood, 8 I pulled off the road, jumped out of the ear, and ran into a computer store, The manager let me use the phone to call a garage. 6 __I was talking, a ‘woman ran in, grabbed a fire extinguisher, and ‘put out the fir. The woman explained that she was an off-duty fire-ighter, and, 7, she had bbeen passing the store at that time! Two years ___, we got married! € Think ofa case of serendipity in your life or in the life of someone you know. Use the questions hhelow to make notes about the story. ‘+ when/where did the evant take placo? ‘+ what were you doing at the time? + what had you been doing before the event? + what was the unexpected thing that happened? + what was the result ofthis unexpected event? Use your notes to write the story (approximately 4120 words) of “a case of serendipity". 41. Write the story, using connecting words and phrases where you can. Look at the underlined phrases in the story above and try to use similar phrases in your story, e.g. change one ‘evening to one morning, or I was raining ta The sun was shining. 2 Read your story and correct/edit it if necessary. 3 Give it to another student to read. Read your partner's story and ask questions to find out ‘more information. Eureka!Unit you can pause the recording action on TV, replay it, ahead so orsee allthe actionas — youwon't it happens in slow miss a thing. motion. When you go back to normal Handy scanner The C-Pen pocket scanner means you will never have to search the streets for a photocopy store again. It looks 1. Warm up 4 In groups, think of inventions or discoveries that have changed our lifestyle in important ways. tin erin of aio“ nk of possible inventions that don't exist » Tat ot you think we ned, and hm wl extn the future, Give your reasons. If we had a gadget for ironing automatically, life would be much easier for people. © Read the descriptions below of four gadgets. Which of the gadgots . ady exist? 2 doyou thnk are going to retin tho fart 3 will never exist? 4 Which of these gadgots would you like to have? Why? / Why not? TiVo TiVo is a remote control system that allows you to interact with live TV. With Tivo viewing, the TV will continue from the point where you left off, and TiVo keeps 2 Task ast 2, naps, invent a gadget that you think is going Te tofu io youor ether membre of our cocity. Discuss these questions. 1. What will itbe used for? Who might use it? Where will it be used? (at home J in the office...) Will it be useful to alot of people? Will it be attractive and stylish as well as useful? Will itbe expensive? Will it be easy to use? ‘Will it sellin other countries? 3 Prepare Write a description of your gadget (about 60 words). ‘Use the texts below to help you. MultiPhone IFyou're looking for a cellphone that lets you see the person who you're talking to, and has internet, access, a video camera, and plays your favorite CDs, this new multi-purpose phone will keep you happy. Itallows you to send e-mails, do online banking, book travel tickets, and much, much more! Thought-control computer How would you like a computer that understands your thoughts This is the ideal gadget if you suffer from Repetitive Action re 7 and acts upon them? You won't ‘Syndrome, and for like a highlighter pen, and is basically need a mouse ora keyboard; pabte whi ase a aan portable soem a ead you just think of the command physically and memorize a text line-by-line that you want to give to th disadvantaged. and then transfer it directly to cee a eae your PC. It can store up to 3,000 pages of text. Eureka! ‘computer, and the cursor will move where you want it to.4 Feedback Describe your invention to the class, Take notes on the other groups’ inventions, and ask questions about them if you want b Vote on the best invention in the class, according. to the criteria in questions 4-8 of Exercise 2. 5 Compare Listen to someone describing a new invention. iswor tho questions. 1 What is it and what does it do? 2 Would you like to have one’ 3. When would you use it if you had it 6 Notice Using relative clauses in descriptions When we doscribe objects (or people) we ofton {d information that gives important details or -ontiates the object (or person) from others To do this we use clauses boginning with that, which, ot who, If the information is essential to the meaning of the sentence, wo do not use GyberBug is a device that all sople’s conversations. ws you to listen in It consists of alittle box that contains a you can hear poople who are talking up to 50 a Read the descriptions in Exercise and underline examples of relative clauses. Do they describe things or pooplo? What information do the b Com rolative pronoun, ne the ser in each pair with a 1 The Alcohol Sensor is a small gadget. It fits in 2 The sensor identifies people. The people have had too much to drink 3 It isa precaution. Police can use itt stop drunk drivin; 4 The sensor is attached to a computer. This measures your reaction times. 5. If your reaction times are slow, it sonds nal, The police can pick out a si the sig 6 Italso contains a switch, The switch immobilizes your car, The police can then arrest people, The shouldn't bo in people are drunk and their cars 7 Follow up Choose an everyday object. Make notes about it and describe it to your partner Don't name the object! Can your partner guess what it is?Grammar Summary 1 Third conditional Use ‘To talk about actions or situations in the pest that are contrary {to known facts, .e. when we imagine consequences of actions that in realty didn’t happen: If the Russians had used nuclear weepons in the Cold War it wouton’t have ended in ne 1390s. (The Russians didn't use nuclear weapons in the Cold War) We can also imagine consequences of something that cSd not happen, when in realty it id: {If Fleming hadn't clscovered peniciln, a lot of people would ‘have dled trom bacterial infection. (Reming did discover penicilin) Form I+ past perfect, would / wouldn't + have + past particiole I Floss had studied harder, he wouldn't have failed his exams. I Penny ect gone ote party he wouldn' have met a We can put the clauses in either order: Penny wouldn't have met Jeff if she nadh't gane tothe party. We put a comma ater the f clause if t comes atthe beginning of the sentence, ‘Complete the third conditional sentences, then compare ‘them with a partner. 1 Ii hadh't studied... 2 It hadn't met 3.1 had won . 4 It had been bom in. 2 Past perfect simple and progressive Use To show sequence the past, fran action that happened before another tis cen used with connectors such as bole, afer, when. | had become qute proficient in Spanish before I visted Latin America. ‘She got her degre after she nag competed a the courses successful, Noe the diference between the spe pest and the past perfect: We wore realy late and when we arrived atthe party, our fends ‘ef. (We amved, then our ends let) We were realy late and when we arved atthe party, our fends adie. (Our trends let then we atved) “The past perect is often used to give an explanation for something: Wy ci they award ner the Nobel Pree? Because she had fought for peace af he ite The past perfect progresive is used for ongoing ations or stations which conthued unt, or stopped just before the past time we are taking about: We had been iving in Chie for several months before we realy fat at home there. Wi had been experiencing pain for several weeks before his ‘ert problem was dlegnosed, Form ‘past perfect simple: subject + had + past particple | had akeady seen the movie, 30 | cidh't want to see it again last night past perfect progressive: subject + had + been + —ing vert ‘Susan had been waiting for an hour before Tom ame. ‘Think of explanations for the following problems, using the clues given or your own ideas. 1. Why did Isabel leave John? (alin love.) 2. Why did Mike have a stomachache? (oat alt... 3 Why did they miss the plane? (arrive late...) 4 Why were the streets wet? (ain ..) 5 Why were her eyes red? (ory ..) 8 Why dic he wreck the car? (dink...) Vocabulary Summary 1 Everyday objects Home Office Both washing machine water cooler ‘answering machine dishwasher ‘photocopier fling cabinet amehaie fax machine mouse pad {food processor paperclip ironing board hole puncher alerm clock: ‘correction fluid dishtowel sticky notes | cutting board, Read these descriptions of gadgets and decide which ‘object from the box they describe. Thon underline the relative clause in each one. 1 Tiss something that | use when I want o cut up vegetables. 2 ts a dovce that makes holes in sheets of paper. 8 This machine takes telephone messages for people who are ot at home or in the ofc. 4 Thi is a machine that you use for alot of jobs when you's cooking '5-This's very use for people who find I itioult to wake up in the morning! 6 This isa type of cabinet that we use for storing fles and paper. 2 Describing food ‘Nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, protein, sugar, vitamins, ‘and minerals. ‘Adjectives descrting food: sweet, sour, sat, btter, fatty, oy sugary, creamy, healthy, unhealthy, starchy BBepressions: fll fn 0M ay PH HOW in Find two types of food in the box that are usually. ‘Thigh in salt sourto the taste 9 very unhealthy 4olybutheathy Srichin vitamins @ starchy fish such as salmon fresh fruit rice milk that is too old processed food junk food potatoes lemons chips packaged nuts green vegetables. live oil Units ey reka!Speaking 11 Maximizing opportunities to speak English a The best way to improve your speaking is to speak! ‘Check how wall you are doing by completing this questionnaire, Review your action plan: Discursive essays In pairs, tai about your action pian from page 47. Did you wrte a discursive essay? so, show itto your partner. not, sae how ‘much you can remember about discursive essays and then ‘comoare your dees with page 47. Speak up! ‘Are you missing those valuable chances to practice your speaking? ‘© A good way to manage these problems is ‘Take this little test and find out by checking the boxes on the right. to learn some phrases to use when these DEVELOP YOUR LEARNING How often do you do the following? situations occur. Look att these groups of ever randy sometimes chen prases and etch them wt the 4 Speak English in pais duingelass. 2 O O O Stuatons in Exersse 28 2 Speak English in goupsdunngciass. 2 Q Q QO 1 Could you speak a ttle more slowly / 3 Speak Endish to your teacherincias. Q Q 2 2 say hat agar, peas? 4 Talk to classmates in Engish outside 9 OG QO QO Vim somy | dt understand the part of the classroom. Sith ‘said you wanted to leave: 5 Talk to friends in English, for example Qa a a a 5 ie ray id 50 Waa at an Enaish language club. iy 6 Talk to American friends in English Pog a By cccfesar ce Sinica: eo eS What | moan i, want to Jove tho job 5 ee pean Scere Dual ereele TT = Is there & word or expossion for hon speakers on . cu cant thnk because your mis 10 Use a detionary to help with ee oven? ” ‘pronuneiation and stress. ‘Can you say "my ming went blank’ 14. Record yourself doing a role play or Q202 0 98 in English? reading alous. : 2 4. Un, lat me tink... Want 0 lve 412. Have imaginary conversations in English. 2 a a my job. Scoring Wel, how can | putt? | want to leave ‘Add up the points you received for each question: my jo. over = 0, rarely = 1, sometimes = 2, often = 3 (Um... what | want to say is | want to leave my job. 1b Add up your score and check the key on page 149, SRR raGtcing the ewetegtas: @) a Uston and rpeat the phases frm Brooke 2, 1b In pais, take tums taking about these tuations. Practice the strategies. 1 Talk about your family, but tak auicky. 2 Tak about your studiev/ob. Check that 2 Strategies for getting around problems when speaking ‘a However much you practice speaking Engish, hoe wil aways b= moments when you get stuck. This is normal when you eam ery foreign language. Look at the problems these students of Engish have and check the ones you have experienced. 10 ad 20 3 Asthe new Harry old alike, is now of England. ff the books, has made his ‘Bizabeth I, one of the richest wome® ‘the world. The ‘he ninth richest woman in the ‘Like that of er character, Harry Pores : Tie Rowling’ fe resembles a fairy oe ascend ee Pome sy iving 28 vith a fortune estimated at OME with her * Inthe year arance of the first Harry Potter full-time writer and has billion dollars. tiny Edinburgh apartment wey ar daughter, Rowling wrote Hoy storys JK. infant tn the Sorcerer's Stone tatable FTE ‘up her tiny ment for a Scottish Pong afe while her daughter war esion and luxury apartments i 5 weeping. And like the proverbial Prins: saanson, Her fans are quick to Point 9 ‘that despit sleeigTxeation Harry, who rescued varies, or maybe because of it He 1 20 of the biggest Xe ber life of rags and broueht Ber se eso charity thatthe country as 6 seen, evea ‘one of riches. coring Harry Potter offshoots and end the proceeds 1 hher favorite causes. I GLOSSARY rags old and shabby clothes offshoots someth eg. a smaller company from Unit wa Words, words, wor© Does the article answer all ofthe following questions? Decide which paragraph you can find the answer in when possible, then answer the questions. 1. Why did JK. Rowling write the Potter books? 2 What was her life like before the first book was published? 3, Was she immediately successful with her first story? 4 Have the books been more successful in the U.S. or the UK? 5 How old was she whon the first book was published? 6 Has she profited from all of her books? 4d Is the article more positive or negative about Harry Potter and his author? Make a note of the words and phrases that support your answer. 3 Vocabulary: avoiding repetition ‘@ Road the article again and note all the references to}K. Rowling. author of the fantasy novels... Devevctiy 1b Write the words and phrases you have noted in the table. © We use synonyms and paraphrases to avoid repetition and help the flow of text. Find: 1 three ways the journalist refers to Rowling's ‘occupation. 2 four ways he refers to Harry Potter. 9 three ways he refers to the books. 4 Grammar review: the passive 4 Look at the examples of passives, 14. Match them with the correct use from the list below. ‘The passive is often used in 4 academic works, eg. science journals: 4 constant temperature is maintained 2 manuals: Ensure that the plug is fitted correctly before . 3. public notices: Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke. 4 newspapers: Find an example in the headlines in Exercise 1b. ‘We uso the passive when the subject of the action is unknown bb the subject of the action is unimportant we want to focus on new information by putting it at the end of the sentence we want to avoid naming or blaming the subject of an action b Lookat these examples from the article and answer the questions. 1... it was announced that J.K. Rowling .. is now richer than the Queen of England. 2 They have all been translated into more than 20 languages. 3 As the new Harry Potter story was being eagerly awaited by millions of fans... 4 The novelist’ frst attempt was turned down by several publishers .. Do we know who announced the news in 1, oF ‘who translated the books in 2? Is it important? b Who or what doos the action in 3, “the new Harry Potter story” or “millions of fans"? © In, the agent (millions of fans) is quite {mportant, so why is the passive is used? 4 Who does the action in 4? © ‘Try to put the four sentences above into the active voice. Ate they still correct? ¢ Check your answers in the Grammar Summary on page 66. We can use the passive in most tenses and verb forms. Identify the tense or verb form in the active sentences below and complete the passive sentences 1 The publishers print the books in Hong Kong. present simples The books .. are punted on Hong Kong. 2 Distribution companies are shipping millions of the new Harry Potter book around the world. Millions of... 3 apes paler pe seg J.K. Rowling's .. 4 The publisher has announced the launch date for the latest Potter book. The launch ... 5. They should ban the words Harry Potter. ‘The words Harry Potter 6 ‘They had made the first book into a film before Rowling wrote the fifth book. ‘The first book 5 Speaking skills In groups, discuss these questions. 1. What books are being read by kids in your country right now? 2 Make alist of your favorite books when you wore akid and compare them with your group. 38 Which is your all-time favorite book? Why?b In groups, compare your answors and try to figure out what the two stories are about. Use the questions to help you. ‘An urban myth is an often-repeated story, which may or may not be true, of an unusual and sometimes terrible event that happens to an ordinary person, usually a “friend of a friend”. The stories 1. Who are the characters in the story? 2. Where does the story take place? usually have a surprise ending, They are often told 3. When do the events take place? when friends get together at dinner parties or bars. (morning/evening? prosont/past?) ae ik Tie sontaibea alowrare taioen thon wo estore: 4 Is the story a funny ono, a thriller, a mystery, a a urban myths, They are taken from the beginning, ‘crime story? . the middle, and the end of each story. Put them 5 Does it have a “happy ending"? into the correct order. We will come back to these stories at the end of Story 10 20 30 the lesson, stoyB: 10 20 30 @J “They iter found thatthe thief had used their ear for a robbery on the very day it ad disappeared ®J A couple in Greenwich Village woke up one morning to find that someone had stolen their car ©) A friend of mine was driving along the Massachusetts Highway one evening when he passed a young lady walking along the side of the road, 2 a the purse belonged to my daughter, but she was killed more an 20 years ago in a car accident on the Massachusetts Highway.” ‘The note explained the thief had taken the car because he didn’t have a car himself and his wife had gone into labor with their first baby A couple of days later, he was cleaning his car when he came across a woman's purse.® You are going to write a very short story and tell it to other students. To help you, her that bogin each of the three paragraphs of your story are the sentences 1 If Tom hadn't gone to the party, he would never have met Penelope. 2 They had been going out together for about a year when 8 Yoars later, he locked back: fhe hadn't Think about your story, but don't take notes yet. To help you develop your story, you are going to listen to three pieces of music. Each piece goos with each ofthe three paragraphs. As you listen, follow the music and the images it brings to your mind, Take notes to build up your story. The music will stop after each piece ti Look over your notes for the three paragraphs. Make any changes you wish to the content or the anguage. Now use these guidelines to help you dovolop your story. 1 The characters: are they young or old? How do they fool? 2 Time and place: where does the story take place? (city/country? inside/outside?) When does it take place (morning/evening?) 3 Background: what was the weather like? What had they been doing before the story began? 4 Ending: you can make the ending a “surprise” in true whan myth tradition! 5 Langu: narrative tenses: simple past, past perfect, past perfect progressive connectors: when, and then, after a while, as soon as, meanwhile, finally adjectives: to make your story more vivid In pairs, tell your story to each other. Practice being a good story-teller and a good listener! Story-tollor: Use your notes to guide you, and try not to read word-by-word. Listener: Show you are listening, ask questions, make comments, @ a Listen to one of the stories from Exercise 1a. Which story is it? Were your predicti the story correct? b Comploto the sentence ns about Ifthe couple hadn't gone to the theater Listen to the conversation again, Notice the way the listenors respond to show they are listening, to show interest, to encourage the speaker, to check under standing, and so on. Make notes of any phrases they use as you listen, and write the responses in the table, Interjections Echo questions / Simple phrases / repetition, words Incredible! Theircarwas Goon, Rob. stolen? Oh, Read the full version of the other story from Exercise 1b on page 147. Wore your predictions correct? i b Go back to the notes on your story and write it up as a complete text of about 150 words, Make any ‘changes you wish, using the storios in this lesson to give you ideas. © Give your story to a different partner to read. Which of you wrote the more interesting story? Which had the best English?Unit 6 Grammar Summary 1 Deduction and possibility in the past Use We use must (not) / may not) / might (nt) / could (nat) can't + have to make deductions about the past and to talk about possibly inthe past. The veros show diferent levels of certainty. Positive Cena She musthave aed Her ont rg the coset Lesscontan Se might hme aed She could hve arked, Tern gt he at ‘She may have arrived. S80. Noaatve ‘Certain She can't have arived yet. } The train isn't due Stecousrt he ahedyet | Sancher len Less certain abdicate haven't sen ‘She may not have arrived yet. ie Form ubject + modal vorb + have + past participle “Tho modal verbs most often used! are must, might (ad, coud (hot, may rot, and can't They must have arived by now. ‘She may not have arrived jot. He could have arrived. Note that we do not use the negative of must or the postive of can: They mustn'thaveantved yetX They can'thave anived yet She can have arved x ‘She may have arived.d ‘Choose the correct modal verbs in this conversation. Jos Have you seen Sara? Lz No, 80.she 1 must / can't have arrived yet. Jos She 2 might /can't have gotten caught in trafic. Uz No, she 8 coulah't /may not have. She was walking. Jos. She wanted to buy some wine so she 4 might / can have Stopped at the supermarket ‘Yeah, | suppose she § could / must have. just wish she'd gat hare so we can start dinner. Joa. Youlook tied. You 6 must /can't have had a tough day. Lz Yeah, 7 must /could have left home before six this ‘morning, tt was stil dark outside, and | 8 mustn't/ can't have stopped for more than ten minutes all day. Jos You poor thing! Here, have a crink 2 The passive Use * When the agent (subject) ofthe verb is unknown: (Qur car was stoi lastnight. (We don’ know who stole it) ‘+ When the agent is known but not important: A new law regarding advertising was passed yesterday (The {government passed it but we aready know that) [Newspapers and sciontiic texts raquenty use the passive in this way. Words, words, words Tense Form : Modal passive ‘+ Sometines we leave the agent out because we do not want ‘say who cio something, though it may be important. (We want to avoid blaming oursehes / somecne alse ‘Mom, the cookies were eaten while you and dad were out. ate them but | don't want to admit) ‘© Sometimes we want to put new information atthe end of the sentence to give it mors importance. We use the passive to do this. When we include the agent, we introduoe it with by: The new Henry Potter story was eagerly awaited by mitons of fans. Itis not always possible to uso an actve sontonces instead of a passive one: Translators have translated all the books. ‘Thisis too repetitive to be coract. Form We form the passive with the verb be and a past particle, We ‘can use the passive in most tenses, but we tend not to use it with the present perfect progressive or past perfect progressive. (pp = past participle) ‘Simple _ivare+ past participle Our bils ere paid through resent theban Present S/are+bsing+pp The children are being progressive ‘aught Latin this year. ‘Simple past was/were + pp ‘Our cat was run over by a Past wasiwere + being + pp The book was being progressive, printed ast night. Present —_has/have + been +pp Anew bridge has been perfect built over the river. Past perfect had + been + pp ‘The letter had boon sent before | realized what was. ‘You will be notfed in due course. The car must be repaired immediately modal vero + be + pp Decide if these passive sentences are correct or not. Correct those with errors. 41. Uniforms must be wor at all ties by solders on duty 2 The books have been being awaited for along time. 8 Your order was been prepared when Iast checked, 4 Older teachers are often asked! questions by younger teachers. 5 My welet was taken from my jacket pocket yesterday by Vocabulary Summary Literature Kind of writing Writer Kind of writing Writer poetry ost biography biographer novel novelst rama. ‘ramets play Playwright move'screenplays_screenwtr histoyybook historian newspaper joumalst ‘Answer these questions. What do we call .. 11 someone who writes forthe theater? 2 someone who writes about the ife of a famous person? 3 someone wo writes about Important events in the past? 4. someone who writes fictional stories? ‘5. someone who writes dialogues for the movies?A narrative 1 Looking at what makes a good story ‘What makes a good story? n this lesson you wil look at the techniques invoWved in making a good story thats. story that gets the reader's attention and keeps it {8 Inpairs, look at the “ingredients of a good story” below and number thom in order of importance: 1 = the most important, 5 = the least important. a wide range of appropriate vocabulary and interesting expressions 1 aweltorganized narrative thats easy to follow and understand Dan intresting plot that makes you want to read 0 the end characters that ae wel-developed and believable range of citforent tenses, most of which wil be past forms b Compare your answers with the clas. DEVELOP YOUR WRITING (© Read this story n pairs, answer the questions 11 What tle would you give to this anecdote? 2 Did you enjoy the story? Why? / Why not? ‘the time. It was a beautiful sunny afternoon with not a cloud in the sky. Pll never forget — ‘what happened, although the truth is I don’t shortcut home — along the beach, over the fence, and through the trees. I heard friendly laughter and I looked up to see two boys playing in the trees. Suddenly, there ‘was a scream and then all fell silent. ‘The next thing I knew I was lying in a 2 Analyzing the organization of a story Read the anecdote again and look at how the writer develops the story Match the paragraph with the part of tho sony Paragragh 1 a Develop the story step by step. Paregraph 2b Endinan intresting way 9. soke a puzze, provide a “et.” Peregrach 3 ¢ Introduce a chenge inthe action to inreage rere, 8.9.8 robin, 8 suse Peregrch 4d Gio background the stn. ME gue i in Onna interesting story partner about your action plan for Unt 5, an for spaaking Engfsh you have taken, 3 Analyzing how language is used to make a good story 1 Avatiter needs to use variety to make a story come ave. Put the types of language in the box into the Correct column of the table. Add sore more ‘examples if you can, at frst. simple past _unfortunatoly ‘wo days earlier slowly past perfect suddenly piercing past pertect progressive 8 soon as brightly shivering before reported and direct speech sea-bbe that summer dangerously. in the meantime Tenses / Sequencing Descriptive verb forms expressions language past progressve meanwhile... adverbs: sadly to set the laterthat ——_ajactives: ‘soene) ‘evening. ‘merciless Now find examples of some of the points in the table in the anecdote in Exercise tc. 4 Applying what you have learned ‘You are now going to wrt a short story of between 150, ‘and 200 words. You probably won't finish tin class but ‘you willbe expected to fri it as part of you action Dan. Follow tha steps below. 1 Think ofan interesting story that happened to you or ‘someone you know. 2 Mako a fow notes to summarize the main points ofthe story ‘3. Organize the story into paragraphs. You can use the ‘model in Exercise 2'it you want. 4 White a first draft. Don't worry about producing perfect Engiish now, but put the story into paragraphs and make it as clea as possible, ‘5. Read your story. Correct the Engish and add descriptive language to make it more interesting. 6 Finaly, rewrite your story on a clean piece of paper and give ita tile Finish wring your stor. You can rewrite it as many times as you lke. | Neola nn arr cn aca ef ‘Unité‘4 Complete this conversation using the simple present ord Expand these notes to make complete sentences. present progressive tense, or going to + verb, 1 Ifthe New World / not / discover / native civilization Tom 11 __ {go} to a concert on Saturda not / destroy Do you want to come? 2. If Fran / get / marry / to John, / they / liv Rita I'd love to but 21 (Coach) my salsa c but every Saturday night. 3. She / might / got / better grade / if / not / feel sick / on Tom Oh, right. I forgot. Any plans for Sunday? the day of the exam. Rita No, not really. 31 __(stay) at home and 4 Thave some spare money, so 1/ buy / new cellphone clean my apartment — it's a mess! 4 if / not / too / expensive (you/do) anything’ 5 1/ buy / that apartment / if/1/ be / you. That's my ‘Tom Woll, it's Father's Day so (cook) idvic dinner for my dad in the evening, Why don't you Rita In the evening? Thanks. I'd love to © Look at these notes made by a police detective at the scene of a murder in New York. Then look at the theories the detective is formulating and make b Complete this conversation using going to + verb, deductions will/won’t + verb or the first conditional. 1 He was wearing a worlding ring so he must Jean I saw Tim and Helen in the street. Helen's huge w now. Sho 1 (have) the baby in throe 2. He had two passports so he could Bob Fantastic! Do you think Tim 2___ (make) a 3 He was meeting a woman named P ne might good father, though? Jean What do you mean? 4. He stil had a lot of money so the motive for the Bob Woll, he's very selfish, isn’t he? If there shooting couldn’ 3 (be) a football game, he 4 5 He still had the tickets for the game so he couldn't toit. He 5 (not want) to sitat and take care of the baby Jean I don't agree. I think he 6 (be) a great dad’ © Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one. Use the word in parentheses. 1 The lecture started at 9:00 and we arrived at 9:15. already) When we arrived at the auditorium, the lecture 2. Tho police are questionin boing) Several suspects —_ 3. Marriage made him unhappy (happy) If he'd remained single, 4 They didn't have afford them. might) They more children if they'd been wveral suspects, children because they couldn’ separated after four years of dating, lating) They __ for four years before theyf There isa grammatical mista 1 Match the words with the appropriate definition. There sentences. Correct the mistakes, toca cata ten 1 ‘The world’s Bret col phone virus has invented by aber bfat coarbobydrates dminersls.« vitamins 2 These lies ary dent bythe banous Frm 1 found in food like broad and potatoes and gives your ay Semen Clana Lome ttt: aril body heat and energy L) 7a ppeaecinen sayin 2 found in food like oil and butter and gives you er Spanish in Bolivia, le 4 Children ar twaching Grok in tenth grade eee { Childrnaroteaching Greek intenthgrado, 3 ahe parts of rut, ogetable,o gains (crm, wheat) Read this story and complete it with the words or phrases from the box. become close friends _motherindaw asingle parent friendship _stepsisters together or ours wed college they decided to live they got engaged, but Mike marrage was the correct a waditional amily 0m i cage and kids, but Mike's farnily he idea of marriage sf ied he of ly difln His mom nd ved when he was just a baby: His Gnd had gotten divorced when bo Martha and Mike had been going ou after they both finish ars later yes sure whether tha came from and together. TWO wasn't really step for him. Mart aaa nother roma (Over the yoars aa igorte as : and ike now ha ea sometimes though tat opt ‘id ho want her sister to Miko. se was ke ano ck, Mara and et es al faa 5 aces scared boca of i are) atid marriage. Happily, two years later Martha Mike got married. bh What do the speakers need? Choose an object from the box, alarm clock asher an ironing board correction fluid a dish Do you have anything I can hold these pieces of with ple Ive made a ff mistakes on this st like this ind I'm always lication form; I can't sen an't wake up in the morning k. te for w We kee 5. I'm out of the hous: a lot and people complain that help food pass through your body L) a substance in foods such as meat, eggs, and milk that makes you strong and healthy 2) natural substances in foods like fi Which we need for good health () j. Complete the text with a form of the words in the box. el play poetry biography Cd ae theater, but his early ambition was to be a writer. In his biography, which has just been published, his 1 describes him as a quiet, introverted sort of man. He wrote his first 2__ when he was in primary school, eae orem reali when he was just six years old. Newadays, although he isle ele el eel tL ee) 7 having written more than Deedee ened eed Cee en cone ey Fifth Samurai, Seen eee ay ety See Cees Historians will find it Ce a ‘Suzuki: historian, poet, Seed pars1 Vocabulary: the face 4 Match the faces with these descriptions. 1 wide, round face 2 long, bony face 3 large, angular face 4 small head and small facial features b Complete the labels on the faces with these phrases. eae bushy eyebrows thin lips prominent chin low forehead heavy eyelids small nose full lips small ears. closo-set eyes © Can facial features tell you anything about @ person? In pairs, discuss these features. full lips a woak chin closo-sot eyes thin lips a high forehead bushy eyebrows 2 Reading skills The article on the right is about face reading. In pairs, try to describe the characters of the people in Exercise 1 from their faces. Use these words and phrases. extroverted/introverted optimistic/pessimistic, quiet/confident calm/bad-tempered lazy/active acadiemic/athletic intelligent/not very smart sociable/a loner Road the article and check your answers. Match teach description with one of the faces then compare your answers in groups. © Find personality adjectives in the article that have the opposite meaning to these. cheerful demanding honest outgoing predictable slow-witted GLOSSARY untrustworthy not capable of being trusted fly off the handle become angry vory quickly lacking without something, having none of something Unit? ee Body language some peorle belive we eon judge © pers chroot om Hel facie choracesis. Face reading hos @ ls fo ey oven today poopie cre surptsed by i sey There ore cain fects tha tend Yo ince etch pes such os beow evel rdeaing on rover someone wn keeps fe feings themes, oop wih lng, thin roses ore afien loners ond [Elchcles, ond whle mary people oucioe cows Seessath cn untushhy peton hey pont mere oer to Simeone wo is quiekhinkng, 2 cording 10 facereoding speciolis, faces Fall iio Jotorn pes, such asthe fur below : Phe Ye hose lorge head and wide, round face The Yore tends 10. be small. Their perconcliy. is Trengesble - romaly they extroverted, optimistic sre aes, going, but tei mood can change suddenly Grd they con become urhopoy and depressed 2, ths tree hos @ smell head ond a long, bony face, Teun Sqvoreshoped. These people are bosicelly vrovert they fend 1© be quiet, shy_ types Neverheless hey con be emotionally unstable, so they ton fo be bodempered ond con suddenly “ly lhe honle” They goeraly don’ ike sport. ath alti type fond to be of medium height iced shoulders, They end to hove a large, angulor face wih hin ips The nose is chon fend the chin Tee.tminet, They are. active and enjoy physica Sefkcin the open oi. They prefer individual spots woh os boxing and weighifing fo team sports. 4. This ype hos ¢ small head ond smal fciol fetes They Wet to have o low forehead, smal eors ond ¢ rey Note, Alhough by ne means locking. in rcligonce, these types can react spontanesusly wr Thinking eboct the consequences. They tend wee ones. Many movie directors and ofher rks tend to belong to this ypeSpeaking skills @ Look carefully at your classmates. How many examples of the faces described in the article can you find? Are the descriptions accurate? Check with your classmates. USEFUL LANGUAGE Do you think How w Would you sa b Look at the faces of famous people below. Discuss ‘what the faces say about their characters. ¢ Now read this description of a famous person and match it with one of the faces, This person has intelligent. He which is slightly wrinkled. The hair is receding little from the forehead. His/Her large, friendly. light blue eyes are wide-set and quite heavy lidded. Tho eyebrows are very thick and bushy, and are low over the eves. The person's nose is long, pointed. and slightly hooked at the end. His/Her mouth is wide, with fairly thin lips. The and the chin is quite prominent. He/She has quite long ears and has laughter lines at the comers of the eyes and. between the nose and mouth, long, angular face, and looks sho has a wide high forehoad, jaw and chin are strong, 4 Writing skills 2 Complete this table with words and phrases from the lesson, Write as many ways of describing a face as you can. Face oval, plump, Eyes large, doep-set, bloodshot, Eyebrows thin, thick, raised, Eyelids wrinkled, Forehead broad, Nose lange, pointed, Mouth ‘wide, narrow, Lips full, Ears sticking-out, b You are going to writo a vory detailed description ofa face. First, look at the description in Exercise 3c and answer the que: 1 What does the first sontonce describe? Why’? 2 Number the parts of the face in the order of the nose ears eyebrows forehead jaw/chin mouth/lips eyes 3. What other details about the face does the description give? 4 Which words does the writer use to modify the adjectives, e.g, very © You have witnessed a crime and you need to doscribe Tum to page 147 and choose the parts to make a face from identikit pictures", Write a careful description of the face, giving as much detail as you can. 4. In pairs, see how good your description is, Student A: Read your description to B. Student B: Look at page 147 and identify the faco” that A describes. You will need to identify threo parts of the face, one each from groups 1, 2, and 3. he offender to the police Now swap roles and ropeat Exercise Body langee Body talk 1 Vocabulary: adjectives describing @ personality Look at the pictures of the six people. Choose adjectives to describe each one [ agarossive arrogant authoritative bored confident content easy-going edgy indifferent nervous relaxed. superior threatening vain 2 Speaking skills 4 In pairs, look atthe pictures of pooplo. Which one(s) would you like to moot? b List the reasons why you chose the person/people and discuss them with another pair. We like Person 2 most. She seems authoritative, but she looks like a warm kind of person. USEFUL LANGUAGE looks like + noun phrase ative person. LANGUAGE NOTE ‘The verb look describes only appearance, but ‘seem ean describe behavior, voice, ete He looks very pleasant. She seemed sure of the facts. Wo can use fo be after seem, but not after look: They seemed to be interested in the house. © What do you think each person might be seying or thinking? Choose the best answer then discuss it with a partner. 1 a“Idon't like this, b‘T'm fooling great. “I'm tired.” 2 a “know they respect me.” 1b “Ican’t wait to get away.” “hate giving presentations. 3a “Out of my way!” b “You're in trouble! I'm tertified!” 4 a “I don't have any money! b “Thate this place.” “Everything's oka 5 a“I don't know what to say.” b “The interviewer looks sick.” “I'm so nervous. 6 a “Ireally don’t know." bTreally don’t care.” “That's great! Unit7 = Bodylanguoge 3 Listening skills @ 4 Liston to. body language expert talking about frst impressions and check the aspocts of a person's appearance thatthe expert mentions build height) color) clothes Q character) posture) face) eyes) hhairQQ expression CY gestures Q) voice Q) Complete these notes about first impressions. Listen again to check if necessary 1. We often make up our minds about people on the basis of 2. There is « danger of... but first impressions are often 3. People use clothes to 4 The face is important but 5 One of the most important things in forming opinions is Do you agree or disagree with the statements in Exercise 3b? Why? / Why not?4 Grammar: link xpressing contrast Read the examples from the interview and underline the linke that express contrast 1 There is a danger of stereotyping people, although you'd be amazed it how often first impressions are 2... she looked rather somber. However... she ‘was really chatty and funny 3... the expression will create t impression, despite the porson’s beauty. »nunciation: inton: 4 Listen to six statements and match them with the b Complete each sentence below with as many linkers as possible, Read the notes in the Grammar Summary on page people in the pictures. 1 Now, just listen. You say that again and you'll b first. Use the 1. Mark proved tobe very elizble he ® This eal. Lean wait forte interview arrived at the interview an hour late ie 2 Mark proved to be very reliable his late 4 Pim not rally sae, Con Tthink about it It arrival for the interview 3. Mark arriv he proved to I'm sorry, but I think we nocd to talk a t linker in these sentences, aa © Choose the con 1 The spite thought she ¥ be in and match the statements with these Bb Listen a feelings fun to be with sanance ) serious) b)enthusiastic) o) relaxed Q ea 4) angry Je} uncertain} miserable © Listen and repeat the first fow word statoment. Try to copy the feelings 2 In spite of / However his serious 3 We can lean a lot from appearance. Alth However, Although / Nevertheless I didn't like the man’s. In pairs, practice speaking with feeling face, he tured out to shouldn't jump to conclusic really friendly Student A: Say any of the short expressions 3 We try to make everyone welcome in spite of below with one of the feelin sb even though finding some poople very Student B: Listen and say which foeling A is unfriendly expressing, 6 Some parents can be very strict and formal Then swap roles, with their children, Bi Never as less formal parents. ie Expressions have made a mistake at some point d Most of u when ju example and make notes. in situation and contrast your fist impressions with pressions. ups, talk about the And what's next?