R

AS AL KHAIMAH CAMPUS

BEng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering

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UG Level 3
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Module Title
System

Thermofluids & Control

Module Number

AME 5003

Assignment 1 of 2

_________________________________________________________________
Module Tutor:

Shimna Shafeek

e-mail:ss1rak@bolton.ac.uk

This assignment comprises two parts;PART1 : Thermofluids Lab &

PART 2: Thermofluids Theory Assignment

LEARNING OUTCOME:

By the end of this piece of applications work, the student should have partially
fulfilled module Learning Outcomes 4

Apply analytical and practical techniques on the thermofluids and control systems.

ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

This

assignment

represents

assessment for the module.

PART 1

20

of

the

total

VENTURI AND ORIFICE ASSIGNMENT

Information
1. Each student is to perform the experiments as a member of a group.
2. Each student must submit a report experiments by
3. The report will include :-

a. A titled front sheet

b. A list of contents with page numbers
c. A statement of the object of each experiment
d. The appropriate laboratory sheet
e. Tabulated observations taken
f. An analysis of the observations
g. Sample calculations
h. Tabulated results
i. Comments and conclusions

4. Information is provided in the laboratory in the form of written laboratory handouts and
oral / blackboard instruction. Students will need to make notes on the latter in order
to compile their report successfully.

5. The use of Word and Excel in the production of the report is encouraged.

Learning Outcomes

The student will have

1. an understanding of flow and flow measurement in venturi and orifice .
2. an ability to analyse experimental results using the appropriate equations.
3. competence in producing a coherent technical report.

Marking scheme

General presentation 10%, Tabulated observations 10%, Analysis 30% (including

sample calculations), Tabulated Results 20%, General discussion and conclusions 20%.
Overall clarity and lucidity of Report 10%.

Note: The work submitted in your report must be the results of your own effort.
Plagiarism will be dealt with via the appropriate University procedures, details of which
are in the student handbook.
Venturi and Orifice laboratory work - Assignment marking criteria
Presentation 10%
1. Bound and covered
2. Word processed
3. Logically structured
4. Front sheet, contents page & page numbers
5. Spelling and punctuation
6. Appendices
7. Bibliography and referencing

Clarity 10%
1. Overall clarity
2. Overall readability
3. Logical ordering of text and calculations
4. Use of correct terminology
5. Logical calculation steps & procedures
6. Appropriate use of units

General content 60%

1. Appropriate introduction and brief explanation of experiment & theory
2. Correctly tabulated observations (10%)
3. Tabulated correct results (20%)
4. Appropriate use of spreadsheets
5. Correct sample calculations for observed results
6. Correct sample calculations for theoretical results

Discussion & conclusion 10%

1. Suitable comments on lab procedures
2. Appropriate comments on potential sources of procedural error
3. Overview of theory related to experiments

4. Relation of results to theory

5. Suitable comments on variance between theory and actual results

Originality of thought 10%

1. Evidence of background reading used in discussion
2. Evidence of understanding of theory
3. Evidence of applying theory to experiments
Total mark

100

University of Bolton: Laboratory Work

Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment

Name ...

Group ..

Flow measurement in pipes

Test Date .

Venturi and Orifice meters

Date Report Submitted ..

Purpose

To calibrate a Venturi and Orifice meter by establishing the relationship between flowrate and
pressure difference, and thereby determining a value for the coefficient of discharge.

Apparatus

Hydraulics bench flowmeter demonstration apparatus containing a Venturi and Orifice meter
installed in a horizontal pipeline incorporating a manometer for pressure difference
measurement, a means of varying a steady water supply and a flowrate measuring device.

Venturi meter: Inlet pipe diameter, d1 = 31.75mm.

Throat diameter, d2 = 15mm.

Orifice meter: Inlet pipe diameter, d1 = 31.75mm.

Orifice diameter, d2 = 20mm.

Theory

The flowrate through a Venturi and Orifice meter can be found from the equation

Q Cd

a1a 2
a12

a 22

2gH

where the cross-sectional areas are a1 for the inlet pipe and a2 for the throat or orifice.

a1a 2
The term

a12 a 22

is known as the meter coefficient, K.

Procedure

The apparatus has been adjusted to give a steady flowrate indicated as 20 on the Rotameter
scale.

Record the manometer readings h1, h2, h6 and h7. Measure the flowrate by recording the time
taken to collect a volume 10 litres. Adjust the flow control valve to obtain readings of 18, 16,
14,12 and 10 on the rotameter scale. Record manometer levels and measure flowrate for each
rotameter reading.

Observations

h1

h2

h6

h7

Volume

Time

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(Litres)

(s)

Table of Results

NB.

HV = (h1 - h2)

HO = (h6 h7)

m3/s

Q = Volume/time

1000 litres/s = 1 m3/s

HV1/2

HV = Venturi head

HO1/2

HO = Orifice head

Analysis

1/ 2
Q

H
From the theory,
. Verify this relationship

By plotting Q vs H1/2 for the venturi and orifice meters.

Determine the slope of the graph, m, for each meter,

m Q H1 / 2

where

Determine a value of Cd for each meter from

Cd

1 Q
1

m
K 2 g H1 / 2 K 2 g

H1/2

Conclusions

Comment on the graphs, and compare the values you have obtained for Cd for each meter
with expected values, as quoted in standard textbooks. Comment briefly on relevant choice
of meter.

Observations

h1

h2

h6

h7

Volume

Time

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(Litres)

(s)

DETAILED BRIEF

Task 1:
Carry out the appropriate laboratory work using the information provided on the attached lab sheets.

Each student is to perform the experiments as a member of a group.

Task 2:

Prepare an individual lab report based on the above laboratory work. The report
will include,

A titled front sheet

A list of contents with page numbers

A statement of the objective of each experiment

Briefing about the apparatus and the theory with suitable diagrams.

Procedure of the experiment.

Tabulated observations taken

An analysis of the observations

Sample calculations

Tabulated results

Comments and conclusions with proper referencing.

Completed original lab- sheets.

Information is provided in the laboratory in the form of laboratory handouts and oral / blackboard
instruction. Students will need to make notes on the latter in order to compile their report successfully.
The use of Word and Excel in the production of the report is encouraged.

MARKING SCHEME & WEIGHTAGE OF ASSESSMENT

Task 1:

15%

Task 2:
General presentation:

10%

Tabulated observations:

10%

Analysis with sample calculations

25%

Tabulated Results

15%

General discussion and conclusions

15%.

Overall clarity and lucidity of Report

10%.

To receive good marks you must demonstrate competent analytical skills which
should be evidenced by the appropriate use of calculations and reasoned
argument. The reports should be presented carefully, with accurate spelling,
punctuation and word processed and referenced using the Harvard System.

Assignment Length

3 weeks

General
1. Your assignment is to be submitted in a suitable A4 document folder.
2. The work must be neat and tidy and have all the sheets numbered and MUST

contain the following:

Assignment Feedback sheet and the Assignment front sheet.
3. Students should familiarize themselves with the Universitys Unfair Means Regulations, especially
collusion, which are available in the handbook. This is an individual assignment. The work
submitted in your report must be the results of your own effort. Signs of students working
together will be investigated.

4. The completed assignment must be submitted for marking on or before the

submission deadline, otherwise the marking will be penalised according to
University regulations.

PART 2

ASSIGNMENT TITLE :

ENGINE CYCLES

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETION

Q1

Three (A-C) theoretical engine p-v cycles using air are described below. Each
cycle comprises of 4 processes. Using the information supplied construct the
general form of each cycle clearly labelling each cardinal state point (1-4) or (1-5)
and name each cycle.

Cycle A

1-2

Isentropic compression

2-3

Constant volume increase in pressure

3-4

Isentropic expansion

4-1

Constant volume decrease in pressure

Cycle B

1-2

Isentropic compression

2-3

Constant pressure increase in volume

3-4

Isentropic expansion

4-1

Constant volume decrease in pressure

Cycle C

1-2

Isentropic compression

2-3

Constant volume increase in pressure

3-4

Constant pressure increase in volume

4-5

Isentropic expansion

5-1

Constant volume decrease in pressure

Q2

Describe, with the aid of sketches, the four reversible processes that make up
the Carnot Cycle. If a Carnot heat engine receives 500 kJ heat per cycle from a
high temperature source of 452 oC and rejects heat to a low temperature sink at
15oC determine:

a) The thermal efficiency of the engine