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Current Calendar
Jewish Calendar
The Jewish
Calendar: A
Closer Look
Level: Intermediate
A month is calculated as 29
days, 12 hours, and 793
"parts"
Leap years occur in years 3,
6, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19 of a 19year cycle
Adjustments (dechiyot)
prevent round off the date
calculated
Dechiyot prevent oddities in
the length of the year
Dechiyot prevent holidays
from falling on the wrong day
of the week
Some months have variable
lengths
There are 14 possible formats
of year, identified by codes
The calendar is not perfect,
but it is very accurate
Calendar Essentials
The Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical
phenomena: the rotation of the Earth about its axis (a day);
the revolution of the moon about the Earth (a month); and
the revolution of the Earth about the sun (a year). These
three phenomena are independent of each other, so there is
no direct correlation between them. On average, the moon
revolves around the Earth in about 29 days. The Earth
revolves around the sun in about 365 days, that is, about
12 lunar months and 11 days.
To coordinate these three phenomena, and to accommodate
certain ritual requirements, the Jewish calendar consists of
12 or 13 months of 29 or 30 days, and can be 353, 354, 355,
383, 384 or 385 days long. The keystone of the calendar is
the new moon, referred to in Hebrew as the molad.
A new month on the Jewish calendar begins with the molad,
(pronounced moh-LAHD). Molad is a Hebrew word
meaning "birth," and refers to what we call the "new moon"
in English. The molad for the month of Tishri (the month
that starts with Rosh Hashanah) is the most important one
for calendar calculations, and is referred to as Molad Tishri.
Note that the calculated molad does not necessarily
correspond precisely to the astronomical new moon. The
length of time from one astronomical new moon to the next
varies somewhat because of the eccentric orbits of the Earth
and Moon; however, the moladot of Rabbi Hillel's calendar
are set using a fixed average length of time: 29 days, 12
hours, and 793 "parts" (or in Hebrew, chalakim). The
amount of time is commonly written in an abbreviated form:
29d 12h 793p.
A "part" (or in Hebrew, cheilek) is a unit of time used in the
Jewish calendar, equal to 3-1/3 seconds. There are 18 parts
in a minute and 1,080 parts in an hour. Most sources express
time from calendar calculations in days, hours and parts,
although some sources break the parts down into minutes.
For example, the period between moladot could be written
as 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 1 part (29d 12h 44m
1p), because 793 parts is 44 minutes and 1 part (793 = 44
times 18 parts plus 1 part) . This makes the resulting times
look somewhat more familiar, but it increases the number of
calculations, so we will stick with days, hours and parts.
Divided by 19
Leap
Year?
Months
5770
303 remainder
13
No
12
5771
303 remainder
14
Yes
13
5772
303 remainder
15
No
12
5773
303 remainder
16
No
12
5774
303 remainder
17
Yes
13
5772
Get Date!
Secular Date
Calculating Days Other Than Rosh Hashanah
The principles and JavaScript above are sufficient to allow
you to convert Rosh Hashanah to a Gregorian date for any
year. However, if you want to calculate a date other than
Rosh Hashanah, you will have to calculate either that year's
Rosh Hashanah, the following year's Rosh Hashanah or both
and use this information to work out the date. The
information you need varies depending on the month of the
date you are calculating
Tishri
Tishri is the month of Rosh Hashanah, so you simply
add the date of the month to Rosh Hashanah and
subtract 1 (because Rosh Hashanah is Day 1).
Cheshvan
Cheshvan is the second month of the calendar year,
and the preceding month of Tishri is always 30 days,
so you simply take the current Rosh Hashanah, add 29
days (30 - 1 for Rosh Hashanah) and add the date of
the month.
Kislev
Kislev is the hardest month to calculate. You cannot
simply work forward from the current year's Rosh
Hashanah, because the preceding month of Cheshvan
can be 29 or 30 days, nor can you work backward
from the next year's Rosh Hashanah, because Kislev
itself can also be 29 or 30 days. To calculate the length
of Kislev, you need to know the date of Rosh
Hashanah of both the current year and the next year,
then calculate the difference between them to
determine the length of the current year. If the year is
Hebrew Year
5772
Get Date!
Parshiyot Combined
Mem-Beit-Cheit
Chukat-Balak
Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Mem-Beit-Shin
Matot-Masei
Mem-Gimel-Kaf
Matot-Masei
Mem-Hei-Cheit
none
Mem-Hei-Shin
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Mem-Zayin-Cheit Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Mem-Zayin-Shin Chukat-Balak
Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Pei-Beit-Cheit
Vayakhel-Pekudei
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Pei-Beit-Shin
Vayakhel-Pekudei
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Chukat-Balak
Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Pei-Gimel-Kaf
Vayakhel-Pekudei
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Chukat-Balak
Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech
Pei-Hei-Kaf
Vayakhel-Pekudei
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Matot-Masei
Pei-Hei-Shin
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Matot-Masei
Pei-Zayin-Cheit
Vayakhel-Pekudei
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Matot-Masei
Pei-Zayin-Shin
Vayakhel-Pekudei
Tazria-Metzora
Achrei Mot-Kedoshim
Behar-Bechukotai
Matot-Masei
Nitzavim-Vayeilech