Types of performance appraisal system

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I. Contents of getting types of performance appraisal system

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Employee appraisal systems help managers evaluate employee job performance and develop a
fair system of pay increases and promotions. Appraisals in turn can help staff members improve
performance, and assist companies in devising or reorganizing job functions to better fit the
position or the employee. In addition, employee appraisals may reveal outdated or inefficient
business practices. Effective employee appraisal systems incorporate goals to help improve the
employer as well as the employee, through the application of appropriate and timely feedback
and training.
sTrait-Focused Performance Appraisal
The trait-focused system centers on attributes such as helpfulness, dependability and punctuality.
Supervisors rate employees by indicating specific traits each employee exhibits. Most traitfocused systems use a simple checklist with ratings of “excellent,”
“satisfactory” or “needs improvement,” or similar options. This
system is traditionally popular with customer service departments. These types of evaluations are
subject to the supervisor’s personal bias, however, and the majority of employees end up
with marks of “satisfactory,” which limits this system’s reliability and
accuracy.
Behavior-Focused Performance Appraisal
The behaviorally anchored rating system (BARS) judges your employees' actions using a
rating scale to measure specific behaviors. Four rating scales are used in behavior-focused

evaluations: graphic rating scales, behaviorally anchored rating scales, forced choice scales and
mixed standards scales.
Graphic rating judges behaviors on a sliding scale from "excellent" to "poor;" average
employees' results should cluster in the middle, with poor employees near the bottom and
exceptional employees near the top.
Behaviorally anchored scales rely on very specific evaluators to score the employee’s
actions as pass or fail. For example, “Does the employee answer the telephone with the
correct greeting?” or “Does s/he verify all customer information in the correct
order?”
The forced-choice scale lists rankings of performance such as "poor," "needs improvement,"
"average," "above average" or "excellent," with no other options; a mixed standards scale is a
forced-choice scale with room for administrator comments.
Unstructured Method
Many older performance evaluations relied on the employee’s personal qualities as
reported by a supervisor. The unstructured method relies directly on the superior’s
subjective opinion without an objective rating scale. An unstructured evaluation might simply be
a statement or description from a manager to a question such as, “What is Jane like?
” The unstructured method is unreliable because it is contingent on personality chemistry,
says the Community for Human Resource Management (CHRM).
Straight Ranking
The straight ranking method compares employees to each other, ranking them from best to worst.
While it's often easy to point out the top and bottom performers, those in the middle can
prove harder to put in order. An example of straight ranking would be a customer service center
that gave points for completed service tickets. Employers often post ranks anonymously by
employee number. Although the ranking criteria are specific, they also are subjective due to the
customer input where ticket completion would not always be in the employee’s hands.
This subjectivity, says CHRM, makes straight ranking unreliable as a tool for evaluating specific
employees.
Paired Comparison
The paired comparison method compares each employee with every other employee in a group.
According to CHRM, paired comparison “is considered more reliable as it is based on a
systematic method of comparison and evaluation.” Paired comparisons work best in
situations where only one employee will be promoted; each is compared and ranked against the
others on various factors until one stands out.
Grading and Checklist

The grading method uses standard A to F letter grades in different categories to rate each
employee, while the checklist method relies on a list of yes or no questions such as, “Is
the employee helpful to his peers?” In each of these evaluation types, the specific
standards are set in advance and defined as categories to evaluate.
Management By Objective
Modern evaluation methods try to remove some the subjectivity and bias inherent in traditional
methods. MBO, or management by objective, appraisals require the employee and supervisor to
agree on a set of objectives before the evaluation. The process relies on goal setting and
constructive feedback to be successful.
Psychological Appraisals
Psychological appraisals assess the employee’s intellectual ability, emotional stability,
analytical skills and other psychological traits using objective psychological evaluation
processes. These evaluations are useful in preparing and developing training methods, and for
placing employees on appropriate teams.
360-Degree Feedback
360-degree feedback requires the employer to survey co-workers, supervisors, subordinates and
even customers about each employee’s actions. The multiple feedback channels offer
objective perspectives of behavioral traits and actions. "From [360-degree] feedback, the worker
is able to set goals for self-development, which will advance their career and benefit the
organization," according to Terri Linmann, author of "360-degree Feedback: Weighing the Pros
and Cons."
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III. Performance appraisal methods

1. Essay Method

In this method the rater writes down the employee

description in detail within a number of broad categories
like, overall impression of performance, promoteability
of employee, existing capabilities and qualifications of
performing jobs, strengths and weaknesses and training
needs of the employee. Advantage It is extremely
useful in filing information gaps about the employees
that often occur in a better-structured checklist.
Disadvantages It its highly dependent upon the writing
skills of rater and most of them are not good writers.
They may get confused success depends on the memory
power of raters.

2. Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales

statements of effective and ineffective behaviors
determine the points. They are said to be
behaviorally anchored. The rater is supposed to
say, which behavior describes the employee
performance. Advantages helps overcome rating
errors. Disadvantages Suffers from distortions
inherent in most rating techniques.

3. Rating Scale
Rating scales consists of several numerical scales
representing job related performance criterions such as
dependability, initiative, output, attendance, attitude etc.
Each scales ranges from excellent to poor. The total
numerical scores are computed and final conclusions are
derived. Advantages Adaptability, easy to use, low cost,
every type of job can be evaluated, large number of
employees covered, no formal training required.
Disadvantages Raters biases

4. Checklist method

Under this method, checklist of statements of traits of

employee in the form of Yes or No based questions is
prepared. Here the rater only does the reporting or
checking and HR department does the actual evaluation.
Advantages economy, ease of administration, limited
training required, standardization. Disadvantages Raters
biases, use of improper weighs by HR, does not allow
rater to give relative ratings

5.Ranking Method
The ranking system requires the rater to rank his
subordinates on overall performance. This consists in
simply putting a man in a rank order. Under this method,
the ranking of an employee in a work group is done
against that of another employee. The relative position of
each employee is tested in terms of his numerical rank. It
may also be done by ranking a person on his job
performance against another member of the competitive
group.
Advantages of Ranking Method
Employees are ranked according to their
performance levels.
It is easier to rank the best and the worst
employee.
Limitations of Ranking Method
The whole man is compared with another
whole man in this method. In practice, it is very difficult
to compare individuals possessing various individual
traits.
This method speaks only of the position where an

employee stands in his group. It does not test anything

about how much better or how much worse an employee
is when compared to another employee.
When a large number of employees are working,
ranking of individuals become a difficult issue.
There is no systematic procedure for ranking
individuals in the organization. The ranking system does
not eliminate the possibility of snap judgements.

6. Critical Incidents Method

The approach is focused on certain critical behaviors of
employee that makes all the difference in the
performance. Supervisors as and when they occur record
such incidents. Advantages Evaluations are based on
actual job behaviors, ratings are supported by
descriptions, feedback is easy, reduces recency biases,
chances of subordinate improvement are high.
Disadvantages Negative incidents can be prioritized,
forgetting incidents, overly close supervision; feedback
may be too much and may appear to be punishment.

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