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Chemical
Classification
silicate
Color
Streak
Luster
vitreous
Diaphaneity
transparent to translucent
Cleavage
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
2.6 to 2.7
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
SiO2
Crystal System
hexagonal
Uses
oxide
Color
Streak
Luster
Diaphaneity
Cleavage
opaque
none
Mohs Hardness
5 to 6 1/2
Specific Gravity
5.0 to 5.3
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
Uses
native element
Color
bright yellow
Streak
yellow
Luster
resinous
Diaphaneity
transparent to translucent
Cleavage
none
Mohs Hardness
1.5 to 2.5
Specific Gravity
2.0 to 2.1
yellow color, low hardness, low specific gravity,
extremely flammable burning with a blue flame, low
melting temperature
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
orthorhombic
sulfuric acid, fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides,
gunpowder, pharmaceuticals, sulfur compounds
Uses
silicate
Color
Streak
Luster
pearly
Diaphaneity
Cleavage
translucent
perfect
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
2.7 to 2.8
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
Uses
sulfate
Color
Streak
white
Luster
Diaphaneity
transparent to translucent
Cleavage
perfect
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
2.3
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
monoclinic
Use to manufacture dry wall, plaster, joint
compound. An agricultural soil treatment.
Uses
sulfate
Color
Streak
white
Luster
vitreous to pearly
Diaphaneity
transparent to translucent
Cleavage
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
Uses
2.5 to 3.5
4.5
high specific gravity, three cleavage directions
at right angles
barium sulfate , BaSO4
orthorhombic
drilling mud; high density filler for paper,
rubber, plastics
carbonate
Color
Streak
white
Luster
vitreous
Diaphaneity
Cleavage
transparent to translucent
perfect, rhombohedral, three directions
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
2.7
rhombohedral cleavage, powdered form
effervesces weakly in dilute HCl, curved crystal
faces and frequent twinning
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
CaCO3
hexagonal
acid neutralization, a low hardness abrasive, soil
conditioner, heated for the production of lime
Uses
amorphous, mineraloid
Color
Streak
yellowish brown
Luster
dull to earthy
Diaphaneity
opaque
Cleavage
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
Uses
oxide
Color
Black
Streak
Black
Luster
Metallic to submetallic
Diaphaneity
opaque
Cleavage
none
Mohs Hardness
5.5 to 6.5
Specific Gravity
5.2
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Fe3O4
Crystal System
Uses
Isometric
an ore of iron
sulide
Color
Streak
Luster
Diaphaneity
Cleavage
opaque
perfect, cubic, three directions at right angles
Mohs Hardness
2.5+
Specific Gravity
7.4 to 7.6
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
Uses
halide
Color
Streak
white
Luster
Diaphaneity
Cleavage
Mohs Hardness
Specific Gravity
Diagnostic
Properties
Chemical
Composition
Crystal System
Uses
vitreous
transparent to translucent
perfect, cubic, three directions at right angles
2.5
2
cleavage, solubility, salty taste - (The taste test is
discouraged. Some minerals are toxic or
contaminated by other people tasting them.)
NaCl
isometric
winter road treatment, a source of sodium and
chlorine for chemical processes, food preservation,
seasoning
To most geologists, the term "acid test" means placing a drop of dilute (5% to 10%) hydrochloric acid on a rock or
mineral and watching for bubbles of carbon dioxide gas to be released. The bubbles signal the presence of carbonate
minerals such as calcite, dolomite or one of the minerals listed in Table 1. .
Mineral
Chemical
Composition
Cold Acid
Reaction
Warm Acid
Reaction
Aragonite
CaCO3
strong
strong
Azurite
Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
yes
strong
Calcite
CaCO3
strong
strong
Dolomite
(CaMg)(CO3)2
weak
yes
Magnesite
MgCO3
very weak
weak
Malachite
Cu2CO3(OH)2
yes
yes
Rhodochrosite
MnCO3
weak
yes
Siderite
FeCO3
very weak
weak
Smithsonite
ZnCO3
weak
yes
Strontianite
SrCO3
yes
yes
Witherite
BaCO3
weak
weak