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AZIMUTH
Azimuth
Azimuth is an angular measurement in spherical co-ordinate geometry.
For calculating azimuth we always need a reference point, same as we have in the case of simple
2-Dimensional Geometry.
Azimuth is used to calculate the True bearing of the heavenly body.
270 W
Y (+)
E 090
X (-)
X (+)
(0,0)
(Reference Point)
S
180
Y (-)
(NAVIGATION)
2-D GEOMETRY
Definition - The vector from an observer (origin) to a heavenly body projected perpendicularly on
the reference plane; the angle between projected vector & the reference vector on the reference
plane is called as azimuth.
Zenith
Heavenly
Body
Reference
Plane
Observer
Projection
North
Azimuth
Page 1 of 5
AZIMUTH
For doing Celestial Navigation, most important things for calculations are:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
There are several methods for calculating azimuth, but the easiest of all is by using A, B and C
Table.
Note If we dont have Scientific Calculator to compute the values for A, B and C then we should
refer the Noories Table which is generally available on board.
A = Tan (Lat)
Tan (LHA)
B = Tan (Decl)
Sin (LHA)
Note If the value comes as Negative, we will then remove the ve sign and will consider it as +ve
only in all cases.
Page 2 of 5
AZIMUTH
Step 3 (Find the Azimuth)
Tan (Azimuth) =
1
C * Cos (Lat)
-1
Azimuth = Tan 1
C * Cos (Lat)
The Succeeding name will depend upon LHA:If LHA between 0 - 180 then WEST
If LHA between 180 - 360 then EAST }
Observers
Longitude
0-180
Eastern
Side
Western
Side
180-360
0-180
Observers
Longitude
180-360
Western
Side
Eastern
Side
Note LHA (Local Hour Angle) is always measured westwardly form observers longitude.
N Azm E
N Azm W
S Azm E
S Azm W
Page 3 of 5
AZIMUTH
We always start from the preceding name and move towards succeeding name of the azimuth.
To find the true bearing we will first plot the direction component so as to understand in a better
way.
Case - 1
N
True Bearing = N 20 E
In this case the preceding name is NORTH and succeeding name is EAST
20
So, we will move 20 from NORTH towards EAST
Hence,
True Bearing = N 20 E
True Bearing = 020 (T)
Case - 2
N
True Bearing = N 70 W
In this case the preceding name is NORTH and succeeding name is WEST
70
True Bearing = N 20 W
True Bearing = 290 (T)
S
Page 4 of 5
AZIMUTH
Case - 3
N
True Bearing = S45 E
In this case the preceding name is SOUTH and succeeding name is EAST
Hence,
True Bearing = S 45 E
45
Case - 4
N
True Bearing = S 35 W
In this case the preceding name is SOUTH and succeeding name is WEST
Hence,
True Bearing = S 35 W
True Bearing = 215 (T)
35
-o0oPage 5 of 5