Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
www.eptq.com
5.0
4.0
3.0
Global
Global delayed
2.0
ECA
1.0
0.0
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Utilities
15%
Catalyst
1%
Hydrogen
84%
PTQ Q3 2011 1
Su l ph u S, %
4VMQIVS
"1*HSBWJUZ
A P I gr a v i t y
2 PTQ Q3 2011
www.eptq.com
www.eptq.com
is a refinerys profitability.
When there is insufficient quantity or purity of hydrogen,
charge rates, the processing of
more difficult feeds or product
quality are limited and refinery
margins are reduced. When
sufficient hydrogen is available,
the effect of inefficiencies is
higher operating (hydrogen
production) costs.
Tools
Network analysis
PTQ Q3 2011 3
4 PTQ Q3 2011
Refinery economics
the
optimisation
www.eptq.com
Other
operations
15%
Capital project
66%
Catalyst
2%
Change
flow piping
5%
H2 partial
pressure
12%
No/low cost
34%
Other
25%
Control
improvements
3%
Purification
38%
Figure 4 Typical results: summary of benefits was $137 million/y in seven studies
www.eptq.com
Hydrogen network
improvements
PTQ Q3 2011 5
Polybed PSA
9999.999 mol%
<1000 psi
Preferred >50 mol%
7090%
Easy
Polysep Membrane
Up to 98 mol%
Table 1
6 PTQ Q3 2011
www.eptq.com
www.eptq.com
PTQ Q3 2011 7
Phase 1
50
45
40
Feed
MMSCFD
35
30
25
Product
20
15
Tail gas
10
PSA2
PSA1
5
0
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 1
9 11
improvements
as
trends
recorded by the distributed
control system. The new
adsorbents in PSA1 enabled it
to produce more hydrogen
from the same or less feed.
)1WFOU
IZESPHFO
QTJH
Steam
reformer
PSA
-1BTI
IZESPHFO
QTJH
ARDS
..TDGE
)ZESPHFOUP
PUIFSVTFST
8 PTQ Q3 2011
www.eptq.com
Steam reformer
55
65
65
85
85
85
Table 2
sending the tail gas to the refinery fuel system. This new PSA
unit, processing net gas from
the CCR Platforming unit,
added 50 million scfd to the
hydrogen balance. Five years
later, this unit was revamped
(see Phase 5).
..TDGE
SFDPWFSFE
IZESPHFO
Steam
reformer
PSA
Membrane
ARDS
..TDGE
Catalytic
reformer
PSA
)ZESPHFOUP
PUIFSVTFST
..TDGE
www.eptq.com
PTQ Q3 2011 9
10 PTQ Q3 2011
Hydrogen optimisation:
sustaining the benefits
www.eptq.com
www.eptq.com
Case study 3
Original design
PSA type
6 bed
Feed
SMR 12 MMscfd
Product
8 MMscfd
10 ppm CO max
Off-gas
5 psig
Recovery
84.5%
Revamp
6 bed
SMR & ROG 15.5 MMscfd
10.5 MMscfd
10 ppm CO max
5 psig
87%
Adsorbent replacement & process cycle changes resulted in 30% greater capacity plus
higher recovery
Table 3
Conclusions
Hydrogen is an increasingly
important component of refining, particularly in view of the
increased demand for clean
fuels. There are opportunities
to optimise the use of hydrogen
in a refinery to maximise
profits:
Hydrogen network studies
and flow scheme optimisations
PSA and membrane technologies to recover and purify
hydrogen
Reforming process and catalyst technologies to produce
more hydrogen
Hydroprocessing and catalyst technologies to consume
less hydrogen.
Alan Zagoria is Engineering Fellow in the
Optimization Services Department at
Honeywells UOP. He has spent the last
12 years assisting customers in optimising
PTQ Q3 2011 11
12 PTQ Q3 2011
www.eptq.com