Module 4 (3)

Collection, transport, transfer

Types of transfer stations

Direct load TS : the wastes in the collection vehicles are
emptied directly into the open top transfer vehicle, or into
the compacting facilities, or into waste bales that are
transported to landfill, or onto a moving conveyor to
transport them to processing facilities. Sometimes the
wastes are emptied onto an unloading platform, and then
pushed into transfer vehicles (surge capacity, emergency
storage capacity)
Storage load TS: wastes from collection vehicles are placed
in the storage pit, and pushed into open-top transport
trailers or into compaction facilities, or into a moving
conveyor to transport them to processing facilities
Combined direct load and discharge load: wastes
discharged onto unloading platform. After recyclable
materials have been removed, the remaining waste is
loaded into transport trailers with front end loaders

Types of TS

Classification of TS according to capacity

Small (less than 100 ton/day)
Medium (between 100 - 500 ton/day)
Large (more than 500 ton/day)

Direct load TS without compaction

Wastes are directly emptied to transport vehicle
TS consists of 2 levels:
Elevated level: unloading platform, where wastes from
collection vehicle are emptied
Lower level: loading platform, where wastes are loaded to
transport vehicle

Operation:

Arriving truck is weighed in the weigh bridge

Truck driver is given stall number for unloading
Unloading process
Reweighing of the trucks
Payment of disposal fee

Direct Load TS

Weigh
booth
Platform
scale

Approach ramp

Direct load TS

Direct load TS with compactors

Equipped with compactors
Wastes are compacted in the trailers
Wastes are compacted to produce waste bales

Rubber tired vehicle is used to load the wastes

from the unloading zone into the compactor
Objective of compaction: to reduce volume for
reducing transfer cost

Compactor with open

top direct load chute

Large capacity baler.

Wastes are loaded into
baler with continuous
feed conveyor

Medium
capacity direct
load TS

Small capacity direct load TS

Direct load TS with compaction

Storage load TS
Wastes are emptied directly into a storage pit
Then the wastes are loaded into transport
vehicles by auxiliary equipment
The storage load TS has a capacity to store
wastes 1-3 days

Large capacity
storage load TS
(2000 t/day)

Storage load TS without compaction

Combined direct load and discharge

load TS
This system is used when material recovey
from SW (MRF) is operated
Collection trucks are weighed, and proceed
direct load of SW to the trailers
Individual waste haulers go to scale house for
check in. Recyclable materials should be
stored in the Recycling area. Other wastes are
disposed of in the public unloading area.

Combined direct
load and discharge
load TS

TS with MRF
Generally involves loading of trailers with
separated and or processed materials (eg
baled paper, cardboard, plastics)
Involves direct load and storage load
operations

Storage load TS with processing and

compaction facilities

TS design requirements
Type of transfer operation to be used
Storage and throughput capacity
requirements
Equipment and accessory requirements
Sanitation requirements

TS capacity requirements
Throughput and storage capacity
requirements must be evaluated carefully
Throughput capacity: collection vehicles
should not wait too long to unload (WHY?)
Trade-off analysis between the TS capacity
and transport operation (equipment & labor
components) cost should be made.

Transport vehicles
Requirements:
Wastes must be transported at minimum costs
Wastes must be covered during the haul operation
Vehicles must be designed for highway traffic
Vehicle capacity must not exceed allowable weight
Methods for unloading must be simple

Types of transport vehicles

Unloading must be simple

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF)

MRF is a facility where solid wastes are separated and
processed.
MRF may be integrated with transfer facilities (MR/TF)
MRTF include the functions of:
A drop off center for separated wastes. Recyclable wastes have
been separated at source. People bring separated waste to the
drop off center
A materials separated facility: manual or mechanical
Size reduction facility: shredders, hammer mill, cyclone
separator rtc
A facility for composting and bioconversion of solid wastes
A facility for the production of refuse derived fuel, and transfer
& transport facility

Waste separation

MRF Activities

Most commonly used SW

transformation
Objective: to reduce SW quantity to be
disposed of
Chemical transformation: combustion, in
conjunction to energy recovery
Biological transformation: aerobic composting

Studi kasus I
TPS Permukiman di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas 100-300 m2
Jumlah KK yang dilayani 500, dengan timbulan sampah rumah
tangga 0.3 kg/kap.hari. Rata2 jumlah anggota keluarga = 4 orang
Densitas sampah lepas 150 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 300 kg/m3
Komposisi sampah:
Sampah basah 70%
- Gelas : 2%
Plastik : 15%
- Tekstil : 2%
Kertas: 6 %
- Logam: 1 %
Karet/kulit: 2 %
- Sampah lain : 2%
Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan
kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana
Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi
rekomendasi Anda tersebut?

Studi kasus II
TPS Pasar di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas rata-rata 200 m2
Timbulan sampah 20 m3/hari
Densitas sampah lepas 200 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 400 kg/m3
Komposisi sampah:
Sampah basah 80%- Gelas : 0.5%
Plastik : 14%
- Tekstil : 0%
Kertas: 3 %
- Logam: 0.5 %
Karet/kulit: 1 %
- Sampah lain : 1%
Rekomendasikan upaya pengembangan TPS tersebut menjadi prasarana
yang berbasis pengurangan sampah
Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan
kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana
Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi rekomendasi
Anda tersebut?

Studi kasus III

TPS sebuah kompleks Pertokoan di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas 200 m2
Timbulan sampah 25 m3/hari
Densitas sampah lepas 200 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 400 kg/m3
Komposisi sampah:
Sampah basah 60%
- Gelas: 2 %
Plastik : 25%
- Tekstil : 1 %
Kertas: 3 %
- Logam: 2 %
Karet/kulit: 1 %
- Sampah lain : 1%
Rekomendasikan upaya pengembangan TPS tersebut menjadi prasarana
yang berbasis pengurangan sampah
Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan
kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana
Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi rekomendasi
Anda tersebut?

Asumsi2
Laju pemilahan manual oleh seorang pekerja: 1 m3/jam
Harga conveyor sepanjang 100 m USD 50.500. Sedangkan harga
yang memiliki panjang 200 m USD 80.000 Laju pemilahan dengan
conveyor 2 m3/jam.pekerja
Upah pekerja Rp. 40.000/hari. 1 hari 8 jam kerja, dengan waktu
istirahat 1 jam
Harga produk daur-ulang/hasil pemilahan:
Kompos: Rp. 1000/kg
Plastik campuran: Rp. 1500/kg
Kertas campuran: Rp. 900/kg
Logam campuran: Rp. 1500/kg
Harga plastik, kertas, dan logam yang terpisah lebih lanjut lebih tinggi, dan
dapat diasumsikan secara khusus.