15

(
)

(Dynamic Design Analysis MethodDDAM)

(Power Spectral DensityPSD,)

ANSYS6.1
10

15.1
15.1 Y

13.1
15.1

A3 EX2.1 E
11 N/m2PRXY0.3DENS
7.8 E 3 Kg/m3
2E-3 m
1.6E-5 m2
21.333E-12 m4 4E-3 m
4E-3 m

15.1

 15.1

(Hz)
-3

(10 m)

0.5

1.0

2.4

3.8

17

18

20

32

0.01

0.016

0.03

0.02

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.01

15.2
ANSYS6.1

ANSYS6.1

15.2.1
PSD analysis of the beam - shell structure
Structural

1 Utility Menu | File | Change Jobname Change Jobname (

) 15.2

15.2

2 Enter new jobname ()CH15

3 Utility Menu | File | Change Title Change Title ()

15.3

15.3

4 Enter new title ()PSD analysis of the beam - shell

structure

5 Utility Menu | Plot | ReplotPSD analysis of the beam - shell

structure
6 Main Menu | Preference Preference of GUI Filtering (
) Structural()

15.2.2
BEAM4
SHELL63
1 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Element Type | Add/Edit/Delete
Element Types ()
Library of
Element Types () 15.4

15.4

2Structural Shell
Elastic 4node 63 4

3 Library of Element Types ()

Structural Beam3D elastic 4 3

Library of Element Types (

)
4
SHELL63,BEAM4 ( 15.5) Element Types ()

 15.5

15.2.3

1 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Real Constants Real Constants (

)
Element Type for Real Constants (
) 15.6

15.6

3Type 1 SHELL63
SHELL63
Real Constant Set Number
1,for SHELL63 ( SHELL63 ) 15.07

 15.7 SHELL63

4 Shell thickness at node I TK(I) () 2E-3

2E-3 m
5
Real Constants Set Number 1for SHELL63
( SHELL63 ) SHELL63
6 2 Element Type for Real Constants (
)Type 2 BEAM4

Real Constant Set Number 2,for BEAM4 ( BEAM4 )

15.8

 15.8 BEAM4

7AREA 1.6E-5IZZ IYY

21.333E-12TKZ TKY 4E-3
8
Real Constant Set Number 2,for BEAM4 ( BEAM4
)
9 Real Constants ()Set 1 Set
2( 15.9)

15.9

Real Constants

13.2.4

EX DENS
1 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Material Props | Material Models
Define Material Model Behavior () 15.10

 15.10

2 Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic 1

EX PRXY 15.11

15.11

3 15.11 EX 2.1E11PRXY 0.3

2.1E11 N/m2 0.3

4 Density( 15.10) Density for Material Number 1 (1

) 15.12

15.12

5DENS 7.8E3 1 7.8E3 Kg/m3

6 Define Material Model Behavior () Material | Exit

7 ANSYS6.1 ANSYS Toolbar ()

15.2.5
ANSYS6.1

ANSYS6.1

1 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create | Keypoints | In Active CS

Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System (),
15.13

15.13

2 Keypoint number () 1
X,Y,Z 000 Tab
3
1
4 X,Y,Z
2000.6
3001.2
4001.8

5 Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Pan Zoom

Rotate ANSYS6.1 Pan-Zoom-Rotate (-) 15.14
6

15.15

15.14
--

 15.15

7 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create | Lines | Lines | Straight

line Create Straight Line ()
8 12 L1 23 3
4 L2L3
9 Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Numbering Plot Numbering Controls
() 15.16

15.16

10 Plot Numbering Controls () Keypoint numbers

()Line numbers () Area numbers ()On
( 15.16)

11 Utility Menu | Multi-Plots

15.17

 15.17

12 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Meshing |

MeshTool Mesh Tool ()
15.18
13
Lines

Line Attributes () 15.19

15.19

14 Material number ()
Real constant set number () Element type number
()Material number 1
Real constant set number 2Element type number 2
BEAM4

15.18

15 Mesh Tool () Size Controls ()

Element Sizes on Picked Lines ()

Element Sizes on Picked Lines ()

15.20

15.20

16 No. of element divisions ()6

6

ANSYS6.1 15.21

15.21

17 Mesh Lines

Lines Mesh ()

18 Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Numbering Plot Numbering Controls

() Elem/ Attrib numbering Element numbers

19 Utility Menu | Plot | Elements

15.22

15.22

20 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Copy | Lines Copy

Lines ()
Copy Lines
() 15.23

15.23

21 Y-offset in active CS ( Y )
0.5Items to be copied () Lines and Mesh

22 20( 15.23) Y-offset in active CS

0.5 X-offset in active CS 0.5

23 Utility Menu | Select | Entities

Select Entities () 15.24
24 Lines
By Location
X coordinates
Min,Max 0.5
X 0.5
From Full

25 20 Copy Lines ()

26 Utility Menu | Select | Everything

27 Utility Menu | Plot | Replot

15.24 Select Entities
15.25

15.25

15.2.6
6

ANSYS6.1
ANSYS6.1

1 Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Numbering Plot Numbering Controls

() Line numbers () Area numbers ()
Off Elem/ Attrib numbering No numbering
Keypoint numbers ()On

2 Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Viewing Direction ANSYS6.1

Viewing Direction () 15.26

15.26

3 XV,YV,ZV Coords of view point ()

-0.5-0.91 Coord axis orientation ()X-axis
down

13 15.27

 15.27

4 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling |

Create | Arbitrary | Through KPs Create Area thru KPs
()
2614 10

ANSYS6.1 2614 10
15.28

15.28

5 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Meshing |

MeshTool Mesh Tool ()
15.29
6 Element Attributes ()
Global SET

15.29 Mesh Tool

 15.30

15.30

7 Element type number ()Material number ()

Real constant set number () Element coordinate sys (
)Element type number 1 SHELL63Material number 1
Real constant set number 1Element coordinate sys 0

8 Utility Menu | Select | Everything Below | Selected Areas

9 Mesh Tool () Size Controls ()

Element Sizes on Picked Lines ()

Element Sizes on Picked Lines ()

( 15.20)
10 No. of element divisions ()5

11 Mesh Areas
Shape () Quad Free

Areas Mesh ()

12

13 Utility Menu | Select | Everything

14 Utility Menu | Plot | Replot

15.31

 15.31

15 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Copy | Areas Copy

Areas ()
Copy Areas
() 15.32

15.32

16 X-offset in active CS ( X )
0.5Items to be copied () Areas and Mesh

17 15 Number of copies ()
3 X-offset in active CS ( X )0.5
Z-offset in active CS ( Z ) 0.6
ANSYS6.1

18 Utility Menu | Plot | Multi-Plots-

15.33

15.33

19
Main Menu | Preprocessor | Numbering
Ctrls | Merge Items Merge Coincident or Equivalently Defined Items (
) 15.34

15.34

20 Type of item to be merge ()All

21 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Numbering Ctrls |

Compress Numbers Compress Numbers () 15.35

 15.35

22 Label Item to be compressed ()All

ANSYS6.1

Main Menu | Preprocessor | Archive

Model | WriteWrite Geometry/Loads for Archive
( 2 )

15.3

15.3.1

1 Utility Menu | Select | Entities Select Entities ()

NodesBy Location
Z coordinates

Z 0
2 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Loads | Define Loads | Apply | Structural |
Displacement | On Nodes
Apply
U, ROT on Nodes () 15.36

 15.36

3 DOFS to be constrained ()All

DOF

4 Utility Menu | Select | Everything Utility Menu | Plot |

Replot 15.37

15.37

5 ANSYS

15.3.2

1 Main Menu | Solution | Analysis Type | New Analysis New

Analysis () Modal
(Modal)

2 Main Menu | Solution | Analysis Type | Analysis Options Modal

Analysis () 15.38

15.38

3 Mode extraction method () Block Lanczos (

) No. of modes extract () 10
4 Expand mode shapes ()Yes No. of modes
to expand ()10 10 Calculate elem
results ()Yes

5
Block Lanczos Method ()
15.39

 15.39

6 End Frequency ()100

7 Main Menu | Solution | Solve | Current LS/STATUS Command

() Solve Current Load Step ()
8
Utility Menu | File | Close

9 Solve Current Load Step ()

10ANSYS
ANSYS

15.3.3

15.3.3.1

1 Main Menu | Solution | Analysis Type | New Analysis New

Analysis ()( 15.40)

15.40

2 Spectrum Spectrum ()

3 Main Menu | Solution | Analysis Type | Analysis Options

Spectrum Analysis () 15.41

15.41

4 PSD ()
No. of modes for solu ()10 Calculate elem
stresses? ()Yes
5

15.3.3.2

1 Main Menu | Solution | Load Step Opts | Spectrum | PSD | Settings

Settings for PSD Analysis (()) 15.42

15.42

2 Type of response spct ( )

Displacement

3 Main Menu | Solution | Load Step Opts | Spectrum | PSD | PSD vs Freq
Table for PSD vs Frequency () 15.43

15.43

4
PSD vs Frequency ()
15.44

15.44

5 FREQ1FREQ2FREQ8 0.501.02.43.8
171820 32PSD1PSD2PSD8 0.01e-30.02e-3
0.016e-30.02e-30.005e-30.01e-30.015e-3 0.01e-3

6 Utility Menu | List | Status | Solution | Spectrum Options

15.45

 15.45

7 Main Menu | Preprocessor | Loads | Define Loads | Apply | Structural |

Spectrum | Base PSD Excit | On Nodes Apply Base PSD on Nodes (
) 120395877 96(
ANSYS6.1 Z 0 )

Apply Base PSD on Nodes ()

15.46

15.46

6 Excitation direction ()Nodal Y

Y

7 Main Menu | Solution | Load Step Opts | Spectrum | PSD | Calculate PF

Calculate Participation Factors () 15.47

15.47

9 Main Menu | Solution | Load Step Opts | Spectrum | PSD | Calc Controls
PSD Calculation Controls () 15.48

 15.48

10 Displacement solution ()Velocity solution ()

Acceleration solution ()Absolute

15.3.3.3

()
1 Main Menu | Solution | Solve | Current LS/STATUS Command
() Solve Current Load Step ()()
2

3 Solve Current Load Step ()

4ANSYS
ANSYS

15.3.4

PSD
1
1 Main Menu | Solution | Analysis Type | New Analysis New
Analysis () Spectrum Spectrum (
)

2 Main Menu | Solution | Load Step Opts | Spectrum | PSD | Mode

Combine PSD Combination Mehtod () 15.49

 15.49

3 Significent threshold ()0.005 Combined

mode ()10

4 Main Menu | Solution | Solve | Current LS/STATUS Command

() Solve Current Load Step ()()
5

6 Solve Current Load Step ()

7ANSYS
ANSYS

15.4

ANSYS 6.1

15.4.1 POST1
(POST1)
(Load Step )3 1
()(Von Mises )

1 Main Menu | General Postproc | Read Results | First Set

()
2 Main Menu | General Postproc | List Results | Results Summary
SET 15.50

 15.50

4 Main Menu | General Postproc | List Results | Nodal Solution

List Nodal Solution () 15.51

15.51

5DOF solution
All DOFs DOF
List Nodal Solution (
) PRNSOL Command () 15.52

15.52

6 PRNSOL Command ()
Utility Menu |
File | Close
7 Main Menu | General Postproc | List Results | Element Solution
List Element Solution () 15.53

15.53

8 Item to listed ()LineElem results

Structural ELEM

PRESOL Command () 15.54

15.54

9PRNSOL Command ()
Utility Menu | File | Close
10 Main Menu | General Postproc | List Results | Reaction Solu
List Reaction Solution () 15.55

 15.55

11 Item to be listed ()ALL stru forc F

PRRSOL Command () 15.56

15.56

12PRRSOL Command ()
Utility Menu | File | Close

Load Step ()3 1 ()

Von Mises ()
13 Main Menu | General Postproc | Read Results | By Set Number
Read result by Datas Set Number 15.57 Data set number
12
3 ( 15.50
set 12 Loadstep3)

 15.57 Read result by Datas Set Number

14 Main Menu | General Postproc | Plot Results | Contour Plot | Nodal

Solu Contour Nodal Solution Data () 15.58

15.58

15 Item to be contoured () Stress

Von Mises SEQV Von Mises

3 Von Mises 15.59

 15.59 3 Von Mises

16 Main Menu | General Postproc | List Results Sorted Listing |

Nodes Sort Nodes () 15.60

Sort

15.60

17 Order in which to sort ()Descending order

List sorted nodes for Results
Comp Sort nodes based on ()StressVon Mises
SEQV
Von Mises
15.61

 15.61 Von Mises

18 3
Von Mises 65.975Mpa 27 Utility Menu | File | Close,

ANSYS6.1
3 Von Mises

15.4.2 POST26 PSD

(POST26)

13
GUI

1 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro(POST26)

Spectrum Usage () 15.62

15.62

2 Create response power spectral density(PSD) ()

 Time History Variables ()

3 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Store Data Store Data from the
Results File () 15.63

15.63

4 Resolution of freq. vector ()1

5 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Define Variables Define

Time-History Variables () 15.64

15.64

6 Add Add Time-History Variables ()

15.65

15.65

7Nodal DOF result

Define Nodal Data () 245

Define Nodal Data () 15.66

 15.66

8 Ref number of variable ()2, Node number ()

245 User-specified label ()UY245 Data item
()DOF solutionTranslation UY

Define Nodal Data

9 Define Time-History Variables ()

10 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Calc Resp PSD Calculate

Response PSD () 15.67

15.67

11 Reference number of resulting variables ()

3 Reference no. of variables to be operated ()2
Type of response PSD ()Displacement
Ref. w.r.t. which resp PSD is calculated Absolute value

3
15.68

 15.68

12
Calculate Response
PSD ()(Reference number of resulting variables
4) Type of response PSD ()Velocity

4
13 Calculate Response PSD ()(Reference
number of resulting variables 5) Type of response PSD (
)Acceleration

5
14 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Settings | Graph Graph Settings
() 15.69 Maximum Time
()4

15.69

15 Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Style | Graphs | Modify Axes Axes

Modifications for Graph Plots () 15.70

15.70

16 X-axis label (X )Frequency

FrequencyY-axis label (Y )Displacement-Y
Displacement-Y

17 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Graph Variables Graph

Time-History variables () 15.71

15.71

18 1st variable to graph ()3

ANSYS6.1 245 15.72

15.72 245Y

19 1518 Axes Modifications for Graph Plots ()

Y-axis label (Y )Velocity-YGraph Time-History variables
() 1st variable to graph ()
4 245 Y 15.73

15.73 245 Y

20 1518 Axes Modifications for Graph Plots ()

Y-axis label (Y )Acceleration-YGraph Time-History

variables () 1st variable to graph ()

5 245 Y 15.74

15.74 245 Y

15.4.3 POST26
ANSYS6.1 (/)
245 240 Y
1 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Reset Postproc
15.75

15.75

2 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Define Variables Define

Time-History Variables ()
3 Add Add Time-History Variables ()
( 15.6415.65)
4Nodal DOF result
Define Nodal Data () 245


Define Nodal Data () 15.66
5 Ref number of variable ()2, Node number ()
245 User-specified label ()UY245 Data item
()DOF solutionTranslation UY

Define Nodal Data

6 25 240 Ref number of variable 3Node number (
)240 User-specified labelweiUY240 240 Y
3
Define Nodal Data 15.76
Define Time-History Variables ()

15.76

7 Main Menu | TimeHist Postpro | Calc Covariance Calculate

Covariance () 15.77 Reference number of resulting variables
()4 Ref. no. of variables to be operated on (
)23

15.77

8 Type of response PSD ()DisplacementRef. w.r.t. which

covariance is calculated () Absolute value

 ANSYS6.1 Output Window (

) 15.78

15.78

ANSYS Toobar

ANSYS6.1

15.4.4
(Load Step)3
1 Von Mises 65.975Mpa 27 Steinberg
Miner
+

T3e5 v0 15

n1 = 0.6831v0+T = 3.074e6
n2 = 0.271v0+T = 1.220e6
n3 = 0.0433v0+T = 0.195e6
(1994.12)Q235A P-S-N
( 2.1-1)
1 65.975Mpa N1 = +

 2 131.95Mpa N 2 = 5.4e6
3 197.925Mpa N 3 = 3.7e5

D=

n1
n
n
3.074e6 1.22e6 0.195e6
+ 2 + 3 =
+
+
= 0.753 < 1.0
N1 N 2 N 3
+
5.4e6
3.7e5

ANSYS6.1

15.5
ANSYS GUI
(!)
/BATCH
/TITLE,PSD Analysis of the Beam-Shell Structure
*
/PREP7
ET,1,SHELL63

ET,2,BEAM4
*
R,1,0.002

R,2,1.6E-5,2.1333E-11,2.133E-11,4E-3,4E-3
*
MP,EX,1,2E11,

MP,DENS,1,7.8E3,
MP,NUXY,1,0.3,
*
K,1,,,,
K,2,,,0.6
K,3,,,1.2
K,4,,,1.8
*
LSTR,1,2

LSTR,2,3
LSTR,3,4
*
TYPE,2
MAT,1
REAL,2
ESYS,0
LESIZE,ALL,,,6,1,
LMESH,ALL
LGEN,2,ALL,,,,0.5,,,0
LGEN,2,ALL,,,0.5,,,,0
LSEL,R,LOC,X,0.5
LGEN,2,ALL,,,0.5,,,,0
LSEL,ALL
*
/VIEW,1,-0.5,-0.9,1

/VUP,1,Y
/REPLOT
*
A,2,6,14,10

TYPE,1
MAT,1
REAL,1
ESYS,0
ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA
LESIZE,ALL,,,5,1
AMESH,1
*
AGEN,2,1,,,0.5
AGEN,2,ALL,,,,,0.6
ASEL,R,LOC,Z,1.2
AGEN,2,ALL,,,,,0.6
ALLSEL,ALL
*
NUMMEG,ALL,,,
NUMCMP,ALL
NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0
D,ALL,,,,,,ALL
ALLSEL,ALL

*
/SOLU
ANTYPE,2

MODOPT,LANB,10,0,100, ,OFF
EQSLV,SPAR
MXPAND,10, , ,1
LUMPM,0
PSTRES,0
SOLVE
FINISH
*
/SOLU
ANTYPE,8
SPOPT,PSD,10,1
PSDUNIT,1,DISP,386.4,
*
PSDFRQ,1, ,0.5,1.0,2.4,3.8,17

PSD

PSDFRQ,1, ,18,20,32, ,
*
PSDVAL,1,0.01e-3,0.02e-3,0.016e-3,0.02e-3,0.005e-3
PSDVAL,1,0.01e-3,0.015e-3,0.01e-3, ,
*
NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0
D,ALL,UY,1.0
ALLSEL,ALL
*
PFACT,1,BASE,
PSDRES,DISP,ABS

PSDRES,VELO,ABS
PSDRES,ACEL,ABS
*
SOLVE
FINISH
*
/SOLU
ANTYPE,8
PSDCOM,0.005,10
SOLVE
FINISH

PSD

*
/POST1
SET,FIRST
SET,LIST
PRNSOL,DOF,
PRESOL,ELEM
PRRSOL,F
SET, , ,1, , , ,12,
PLNSOL,S,EQV,0,1
NSORT,S,EQV,0,1, ,0

PRNSOL,S,PRIN
FINISH
*
/POST26
FILE
FILE,'CH13','rst','.'
/UI,COLL,1
NUMVAR,200
STORE,PSD,1

NSOL,2,245,U,Y,UY-245
RPSD,3,2,,1,1,
RPSD,4,2,, 2,1,
RPSD,5,2,,3,1,
*
PLTIME,0,4
/AXLAB,X,Frequency
/AXLAB,Y,Displacement-Y
PLVAR,3

245 Y

/AXLAB,X,Frequency
/AXLAB,Y,Velocity-Y
PLVAR,4

245 Y

/AXLAB,X,Frequency
/AXLAB,Y,Acceleration-Y
PLVAR,5
RESET
NSOL,2,245,U,Y,UY-245
NSOL,3,240,U,Y,UY-240
*
CVAR,4,2,3,1,1,

245 Y
POST26
2 245 Y
3 240 Z

*GET,U245,VARI,4,EXTREM,CVAR
FINISH