Appendix 1

Abbreviations and symbols

ABI
Association of British Insurers
ADECO-RS Analysis of Controlled Deformation in Rocks and
Soils
AGS
Association of Geotechnical Specialists
BDD
Basis of Design Document
BE
Boundary element
BGS
British Geotechnical Society
BRE
Building Research Establishment (UK)
BTS
British Tunnelling Society
CCM
ConvergenceConnement Method
CDM
Construction (Design and Management)
CIRIA
Construction Industry Research and Information
Association (UK)
Tricalcium aluminate
C3 A
CTA
Central Terminal Area
CTRL
Channel Tunnel Rail Link
DE
Discrete element
DEMEC
De-mountable mechanical
DETR
Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions (UK)
EDM
Electronic Distance Measurement
EPB
Earth pressure boring
EPDM
Ethylene Polythene Diene Monomer
EPSRC
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(UK)
FD
Finite dierence
FE
Finite element
FHWA
Federal Highway Administration (US)
FLAC
Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua
FS(O)
Full scale (output)
GBR
Geotechnical Baseline Report
GEMINI
GEotechnical Monitoring INformation Interchange
GRC
Ground Reaction Curve
GSI
Geological Strength Index
HAZOPS
Hazardous Operations
HDPE
High density polyethylene
HEX
Heathrow Express
HME
Hypothetical Modulus of Elasticity
HSE
Health and Safety Executive (UK)
I and M
Instrumentation and Monitoring
ICE
Institution of Civil Engineers (UK)
ISRM
International Society for Rock Mechanics
ISSMGE
International Society for Soil Mechanics and
Geotechnical Engineering
ITA
International Tunnelling Association
JLE
Jubilee Line Extension (London, UK)
LVDT
Linear Variable Dierential Transformer
MMS
Main Monitoring System
NATM
New Austrian Tunnelling Method
NEC
New Engineering Contract (ICE, UK)

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OM
PC
PCC
PO
PVC
QC
QM
QP
RAM
RLE
RMR
RMS
RQD
RSST
SCL
SEM
SGI
SLS
SMS
SRF
T4
TBM
TRRL
ULS
USBM
m"
VW(SG)

Observational Method
Personal computer
Precast concrete
Polyolen
Polyvinylchloride
Quality control
Quality management
Quality Plan
Risk Analysis and Management
Rail Link Engineering
Rock Mass Rating
Regular Monitoring Section
Rock Quality Designation
Rapid shotcrete supported tunnel(ling method)
Sprayed concrete lined/lining
Sequential excavation method
Spheroidal Graphite Iron
Serviceability Limit State
Stress Monitoring Section
Stress Reduction Factor
Terminal 4
Tunnel boring machine
Transport and Road Research Laboratory (UK)
now Transport Research Laboratory (TRL)
Ultimate Limit State (design)
United States Bureau of Mines
106 strain or micro-strain
Vibrating wire (strain gauge)

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Tunnel lining design guide. Thomas Telford,
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167