'r%ffl~~ffl

Commonly Used Characters of Chinese Medicine

The following pages present over four hundred of the characters
(an a small number of minimal compounds) commonly used in Chinese
medicine together with their English equivalents. These equivalents provide the basis for a large number of terms used in this book. Each of the
characters has been rendered with as few different English equivalents as
possible. The chosen equivalent of a character may vary from category
to category. Chinese characters marked with an asterisk (*) have more
than one equivalent. English words marked with an asterisk are a words
that render two or more Chinese terms. Since are exceptions to the use
of these standard equivalents, each compound term should be checked
in the body of the book

~T~m~~lli~~~m~m~~TI~~*(U&~~~
~~). ~~*~~~m~~~~~n~.~~~~~~~~~*~~

~*~*~~~~m*~m

.. -~~~*u~m~~~~

~~~-~~~lli.W~-~~~*~~~~~~~. M~~~~
m~fi?JT~~. tffi~J::.-1% (*) a\J$~*~~~:r:-~s'-nt~ll!JJ~. w
tffi~ J:. -1% (*) s\J~~* IJ!iJffl t~-llrrl~ rm ~ !lX:w-J ~ UJ:. skJ $ ~~ -t'OJ. irli~
)d~tffitlffl *~ f~ffl 7Jti;J~ff{J~ j~ 8kJt1ffB, ~-~ ~i'OJ ~ lltll~J
~&;~N~15d~8kJJE~.$.:Y

U1iJtiiA.

2fs: J~Hi 15 ~m ,rm

Basic Categories and Entities
yin yang

Five phases

yfn
yang

yin
yang

wii xing

Five phases.

mu

wood
fire

huo
-81-


:31
7}(
lli!IJI&

ijf
{,'

lW
R$
1131.

Fl

{,v
ij!:J_

llm

...
Fl

(~)/JJ\:

B%'1ll't
:1*
Biki
~
~'
~.!HR

iW
M~

Bowels & viscera

gan
xzn
pi
fei
shen
xzn bao
dan
da chring
wei
(wei} guan
pang guang
jiao
nao
sui
zz gong

liver
heart
spleen
lung
kidney
pericardium
gallbladder
intestine
stomach
stomach duct
bladder
burner
brain
marrow
uterus

zii zhi

Tissues

jzn
.,.
maz

sinew
vessel
:flesh
skin and [body] hair
bone

rou

&::=E
1f

pimao
gu

A 1<ft!lB1li:

ren ti

:If

mJ

g&)

earth
metal
water

zimg fii

15

tu
jzn
shuz

bu wei

aody Parts
eye
tongue
mouth
nose
ear
lips

mu
she

kou
bi
er
chUn
-82-

u~ *
~* *

:'k
t@i
$]!

i2sJ

li
~]!

9]1

rm
fr!1
~l:l

M!!
Jlij
~L
fl;}].
.~

yiin
h6u
t6u
dian
e
xin
quan
jia
jing
xiang
jiiin
bei
yao
xiong
ru
xie

fu

W~:

sh6u
zh6u
wan
zM
zu
gu

xr

nm

gu6
huai
zM
tiii
shang
zhong
xia
nei
wai

.of*

1ft
!lm
t~

Ji*

If*
~Jl:

M"!
J:.*
1=\=t

T*
I*J*
~~ *

pharynx, throat*
larynx, throat*
head
vertex
forehead
fontanels
cheek* (bone region)
cheek*
neck
nape
shoulder
back
lumbus
chest
breast
'rib-side
abdomen
'hand, arm
elbow
wrist
finger
foot, leg
thigh
knee
back of the knee
ankle
toe
fetus
upper body
center
lower body
inner body, internal
outer body, external

-83-

~~~3

X.
Y'

jing luo

Channels & network vessE

network vessels

tdi

greater
lesser
brightness
reverting
governing
controlling (conception)
thoroughfare (penetrating)
girdling
springing
linking
channel
network [vessel]
divergence
grandchild
superficial
point, hole
transport (point)
opening
pivot
closing

fiJ\

shdo
m(ng
jue
du
ren
chong
dai
qiao
wei
jfng
luo
bie
sun

r *

fu

ajj
WiX
>i'JI.
1'1

ff
{rp

~'lE
p.

-'.I

~~

'.llj

1\

*m:

xue
shu
kiii
shu

IMJ

he

tmu-, 1fir,

*.Wd

fMlJ

Examples:
~B BJJ ( yang mzng),

.yang brightness

::t: PJl (tai yfn), greater yin

0t' ~Jl (shdo yfn), lesser yin
~~Jl (jue yfn),

reverting yin

~JHliJ.i}: (yfn qiiio mdi), yin springing vessel

'ij~1\ (bei shU xue), back transport points
1i~1\ (wu shu xue), five transport points
t'H~ (sun luo), grandchild network vessels

ji ben yuan sit

Basic "Elements"

qi
xue
jzn,

qi
blood
liquid and humor (fluids)

ye

-84-

*Jlf
1$
:EiH~

wii

ye

ff
M

lei
hdn
xi an

1511

tl,

tu

t:;t}i
?~
"""=

tit
~~

~
~

'tJit
~D*

*rE!
tt~

'"

{Ji(
~

1!i
1:t
:"$
/fJX.
(7f)~

rr

~~m
}XI,

essence
spirit

jfng
sMn

Five humors
tears
sweat
drool
snivel
spittle

ql qing

Seven affects

nu
xi
you
sf
bei
kong
jfng

anger
joy
anxiety
sorrow
fear
fr.ight

ql wei

Flavors

though~

han

re
wen
liang
suiin
ku
giin
xfn
xi an
(fang) xiiing
dan

cold
hot
warm
cool
sour
bitter
sweet
acrid
salty
aromatic
bland

blng xie

Disease evil

feng
htin

wind
cold
-85-

..

shU
shf

rilE
1~

zao
hu6
wen
tan
yin
ch6ng

)<

rli!
1JJr
'

t)(

du

~Lfil(~)

;;u xue (yu)

$19tl

summer heat
dampness
dryness
fire
warmth
phlegm
rheum ,
worms
toxin
static blood (stasis)

Examples:

)XI.*

(feng han), wind-cold

(shu shf), summerheat-damp
rllft** (wen zao ), warm dryness
?'lttJ.: (tan yin); phlegm-rheum
~m.

Tf, At,

-;le-

F.' II:/

~ ';;J

"+' I!.JJ. ll/ ~ l.0J

Functions and Attributes
J-/J t; '

2f;: !DHf~ ~ 1~

;f&

ben zhi xing r6ng d

zheng
zhen
~
yuan
yuan
yuan
ben
gen

Ht

fu

h..
Q[J

ming
jun
:riang
zi5ng
hua
chi5ng

IE
Jl;
7C

Jffi:
~

*
~

;f
~

;;)";'

if'.

YE

-86-

Attributes
right
true
origin(al)
source*
source*
root*
root*
house
life
sovereign
minister(ial)
ancestor
bloom
fullness*

*1?~ Examples:

IE'=t (zheng qi), right qi

Jin (zhen yu(fn), true origin
IJJ:t,} ~z/ff

(yao wei shen zM fu), the lumbus is the the house of the

kidney

\lflfl (ming men), life gat

*W (zong fin), ancestral sinew
JW1J7}(Z.l:1hl (fei wei shui .zM shang yuan), the lung is the upper
source of water

4&7-i:z:$: (him tian zM ben), the root of later heaveri (acquired constition)
~1J'=tzm

(shen wei qi zhf gen), the kidney is the root of qi

Jj]~~

Functions

engender
restrain
Dverwhelm
rebel
govern
store
transform
move
manage, control
ascend
descend
upbear, bear upward
downbear, bear downward
effuse
open
depurative downbearing
free coursing
intake

~~

sheng
ke
cheng
wu
zhu
earig
hua
yun
tong
shang
xi a
sheng
jiang

'!k

fa

lf~
J!H~

kai qiao
su jiang
shu xie
shou na

5'l

iW:

::E

Yl
1t
ill:
~

J:*
T*
.ft

wli:mt
~~I*J

I'

gong neng

,;

'*1?~ Examples:
~ii:

(tu sheng jfn), earth engenders metal

(mu ke tu), wood restrains earth
{,'iltf!l (xfn cang jfng), the heart stores the spirit

*:R:

-87-

IJ!1i!:JE1t7J<.ii-Z.*lt1& (pi zh1l yun hua shui: gu zhfjfng wei), the spleen
governs movement and transformation of the essence of grain and
water
/J!1i!tJUtu (pi tong xue), the spleen controls the. blood
JWJil;t~'* (fei zhU su jiang ), the lung governs depurative downbearing
llf .:ti\J1Ht!t (giin zhU shu xie), the liver governs free coursing
llf7f~.::Y: (giin kiii qiao yu mu), the liver opens into the eyes
~t~p;j (wei zhu shou na), the stomach governs intake
I~. 1f i:t
sfl:en zhii: gu sheng sui:) l the kidney governs' the bone
and engenders the marrow

a(

i-t~ m~

Diagnostics
Color

=
~

*' ii
~

. qfng
chi- h6ng
huang

bai

~'

hei
cling
huiing
dan
wei

1f
87'{;

rt

ll(

~
~f?d

green-blue
red
yellow
white
black
somber
bright
pale
withered

Examples:
JIDiSEV\:8 (mian se huiing bdi), bright white facial complexion
liD~~Jli1! (mian se wei huang), withered yellow complexion
]ID~;Ii$ (mian se h6ng chi), red facial complexion

~PhZ,

Uffii
~~

{JE

t!

=
-,, I~

hu xi

Breathing

chuan
j{
cu
cil

panting
rapid*
hasty
rough*
-88-

~jf

~19tl

duiin

shortness

Examples:
~m (qi cu), rough breathing
~f&!, (qi j(), rapid breathing
~j.ft ( qi duiin), shortness of breath
bl[llffii (xu chuiin), vacuity panting

---

she zhi

tongue body

pang (da}
shou (bie)
nlm
lie
guiing (huo)
juan
wiii
dan
h6ng
jiang
q'tng zi:
biin
diiin

enlarged
thin
soft-tender
fissured
bare (and smooth)
shrunken
deviated
pale
red
crimson
green-blue or purple
macules
speckles

she' tai

tongue fur

Titn

11*

zao
ciio
hou
b6
jing
ni
gou
bi5
jing
(mang) ci

moist
dry
rough*
thick
thin
clean
slimy
grimy
peeling
mirror
prickles

iSM!
If(:*:)
~(~)

$
~

:J't OFt)
~
?I' ,

1E

r?R.
~I

~1'$

w~

JM:
~~

iS~

*~

}!1.
~

$
llm\
'tfj
)J<Ij
~

( =t:) ifiiJ

-89-

7\~
~
~
~~~

mt
~ *

7N
~IOJ
f~,

~
i
-1=1

f~
$'(9~

da bian

Stool

tang
b6
ya tang
xie
xie
sun
dong
mi
giin
jie
hui

sloppy
thin
duck's slop
diarrhea*
diarrhea*
swill
throughflux
constipation
dry
bound
foul

Examples:
::ld.li~Ji~ (da bian tang b6), thin
mt~ (xie xie), diarrhea
~mt (sun xie), swill diarrhea

sloppy stool

rliilmt (dong xie), throughflux diarrhea

::*:: fjfij!Z:te ( da bian gan jie), dry bound stool
Jj\~

!]\1.\1!, J7R,

*
~_:[

sY'

m
!1\
If*
::fflj
::f $P;

M
I'll
r*f

r~

xiiio biim

Urine

xiiio bian, niao

chang
duiin
duo
shiio
-I
qmg
zhu6
se
bu Zi
bu chdng
long
bi
lin

urine, urination, voiding

long
short
copious
scant
clear
turbid
rough*, inhibited
inhibited
inhibited
dribbling block
block
strangury ( lin)

'H!fi:m-K (xiiio bian qfng chting), long voidings of clear urine

'H~~.lil#

(xiao 'bian duiin chi), short voidings of reddish u:riine

-90-

/J\ f!: /f ;fiJ ( xiao bian bu li), inhibited urination

W'l!l((niao zhu6), urinary turbidity
JP}~

r-

m:
JlS
~
}.;![

. rt
iR
~
~

m
~

~5

~
~

lL

*
~

mai xiang

ji

fib

dong
fu
huan
cu
dai
jie
chting
duan
you li
wu li

ill!*

1-'t
i
~P

*?if
'f:fj]
)Cj]

'

.'~

.r.:.'

floating
deep
slow
rapid*
vacuous
replete
slippery
rough
stringlike
soggy
surging* .
. faint
fine
weak
large
dissipated (or scattered)
tight
scallion-stalk
drums kin
confined
ractng
stirred
hidden
moderate
skipping
regularly interrupted
bound
long
short
forceful
forceless

fu
eh en
chi
shuo
xu
shi
hua
se
xi an
ru
. hang
wei.
xi
ruo
dd
san
fln
kou
ge
lao

~-

Pulses

-91-

Jtflli
{"f

1'1.: *

T
~

If~

t1il
~\

*Jlf

lli
H
:;t

lff
JHf

qita

Other

leng
re
giin
le
suiin

cold
heat, fever
dry
thirst
sour, acid
aching
putrid
pain
hypertonicity
tension
vexation
agitation
mania
numbness
numbness (and tingling)
distention
fullness*
glomus
oppression
deafness
blindness
dizziness* (vision)
dizziness* (head)
flowery
clouding
cough (sonorous)
cough (productive)
belching
hiccough
retching, vomiting
vomiting, ejection
hunger
bloatedness
nausea
upfiow

fu
tong
jii
j{
fan
zao
kuang
mu
ma
zhang
miin

pi

I;Ej

men
long
mang
xuan
yiin
huii
hiin
ke
sou
ai

;le;

]f.

"'=
l"l

Ht
~
-++-

1-t

~
n~
P~?;

Uj

Pfe:

O[K*
P*

ou
tu

tfl
ti'I ( JHO

jf

.ill[
11..:!\

biio

e
fan
-92-

fan
nu
ming

&
Jllll
O-% *

m:
[I]

"""

' JE,

iV!IJ*

*-l*
~~~

reflux
spontaneous 'external bleeding
rumbling (intestines)
tinnitus
heavy
cumbersome
deviation*
deviation*

zhong
kun
wiii ,
xie

Examples:
~it (~M leng), cold
Cl r~ (kou ke), thirst

limbs

fl!l J9f ( di fu), putrid belching

~~ (yiio suiin), aching lumbus
mifllli {fu man), abdominal fullness
Jj{i]J fi5J ( xiong men)' oppression in the chest
'LYFmfllli (xzn xia pz man), glomus and fullness below the heart
(er long), timtitus
llt1i: (tau yun), dizziness
~ 1i: lit ( t6u yun mu xuan)' dizzy head and vision
H~:ft (yiin hitii), flowery vision
.

f.f.'L' (e xzn), nausea

DfKI! (o'!A tu), vomiting
~~ (fa suiin), acid upflow
~11% (chdng m(ng), rumbling intestines
:Ef.U~ (er m{ng ), tinnitus
~-I* I~Hl ( zhf ti kun juan), fatigued cumbersom limbs
Cl P~I\WJ&lf (kou yan wai xie), deviated eyes and mouth

:Er.*

)\i!jj

~-

m,
*'

m
t)~
11\\

~
~JL ~8.

ha gang

Eight principles

biiio, lZ
Mn, re
xu, shi
yzn, yang

exterior, interior
cold, he~t
vacuity, repletion
yin, yang

~~~Examples:

*1[
ID.~

(biao xu), exterior vacuity

( li' sM), interior repletion
-93-

mr!-:

(xu re), vacuity heat

~~m~
Diseases
~~
(r\J

ji blng

Disease

bing

disease, illness
disease
pathocondit.ion
pattern
epidemic
scourge
sand (shii)
malaria
gan
impediment (bi)
wilting ( wei)
tetany
dysentery
infixation (influx) (zhU)
cqncretion ( zheng)
congloneration (jia)
accumulation
gathering
string (xian)
aggregation (pi)
affiux (pi)
goiter
scrofula (small)
scrofula (large)
sniveling
drinker's nose
screen
obstruction
sore

1(

:J1E

zheng
zheng
yi
wen
shii
niie
giin
bi
wei
jing
li
zhu
zheng
jia
jz
ju
xi an
pi
pi
ying
lui5
li

:ilE

N'

m
1f!p

rE

m
m
~
~

#11

1. ( ii *)
~
~

tR
~

;rm
~$

m
m
!'11t

qiU

~JJi

zhii
yi
,dulng
chuiing

~17

-94-

1Jf
(Tj

fi
fi
ff:1l
;![
LLI

101

m
jjf

'Jff
#

$(~)
~{9~

dou
jie
Zai
dfng
yi5ng
ju
yan
liu
xian
jie
pei
zhi
lou

pox
boil
lai
clove ( dfng)
welling abscess ( yong)
fiat abscess (ju)
rock (yan)
tumor
lichen (xi an)
scab (jie)
miliaria
hemorrhoid
fistula

Examples:
a-t& (shi yi), seasonal epidemic
~l'if!l11l (ha ma wen), toad head scourge
(;~ (niie j(), malaria
ffl'~.R (gan jf), gan accumulation
~~f.R~ (zheng jia jf ju), concretions, conglomerations, accumulations, and gatherings
!J;jffJ ( luo li), scrofula
Jl{ijj~ (xiong bi), chest impediment (bl)
wtfi (pi nang), aftlux pouch
~ (xfng yi), starry screen
ff 1ft ( dfng chuiing), clove sore ( dfng)
tmm (yuan xian), coin lichen (xian)
~$ (zhi lOu), hemorrhoids and fistulg.
!J.?fi9\X (jing jue), tetanic reversal

~tn, ~-tiE m~

Pathomechisms and disease patterns

you yu

Superabunndance

sheng

exuberance
repletion

shi
-95-

!li*

sheng

~~

fan
xi
shu
kun

IIl
1};: *
{;JE

-*
Wl

ii&

i*
tft

rz
t
~1
{~

-gj_
{lj:! *
~
-1:1

1if.J

-11
tfiJ

1*1 ~~
if'EI~
;fE!~

::t:li
~19~

fU
ning
ke
Ziu
meng
bi
mi
rao
fan
zhU
she
ling
yun
ch_ong
jie
dong
kang
- ... xing
nei xian
xiiing b6
xiiing shdn
tai guo

prevail (intrans.)
overcome (trans.)
assail '
assail
fetter
encumber
latent, deep-lying
congeal
settle
lodged
cloud
cloud
confound
harass
flood
pour
shoot
intimidate
brew
surge*
bind
stir
hyperactivity
torment
downward fa)l
contend with each other
fan each other
excess

Examples:
~BJliJJ!IH:~

(yang sheng ze re), when yang prevails, there is heat

-)X1,1!.~~1?Jili (feng re fan fei), wind-heat invading the lung
!f~-9.~=fpg (xie qi ke yu nei), evil qi settling in the inner body
rlffi.t.Hli' m:; -9. 7t (wen re liu lian qi fen), warm-heat lodged in the qi
aspect
$:00 niliJ JYJJ (tan liu xiong xi e), phlegm lodged in the chest and rib-side
(feng hdn shu biiio ), wind-cold fettering- the exterior

m***

-96-

IJ!1f:);] r~ II] (pi 'Wei shf kun), spleen encumbered by dampness

*i1fllfl]lj( (hrin ning giin mai), cold congealing in the liver vessel
fl!Uilt 'L>$5 (tan m{ xfn qiao), phlegm confounding the orifices of the
heart
~ ;)( J:JJt (tan huo shang rao ), phlegm-fire harassing the upper body
'~);J[J.k.2. (shen l:ii shui fan), kidney vacuity water flood
r~rt-~Ti:A!ffil (shf re xia zhu da chang), damp-heat pouring down
into the large intestine
7]<.~l~ {,' ( shui qi ling xfn), water qi intimidating the heart
rllHHiHallffl!l (shi: re yun fie gan dan), damp-heat brewing in the
liver and gallbladder
!lf JX1. r*J iW (g~n feng nei dong), liver wind stirring internally
llf~BJ::.1t (giin yang shang kang), ascendant (hyperactivity-of) liver
yang
*1<Jf1J:f6: (mu huo x{ng jfn), wood fire tormenting metal
Jlt!l~{Jfl(,' (jiao qi chong xfn), leg qi surging into the heart

1'JE.
~
~

*~

Mj

-'2f
1i
t01

-c

mt
11

r
~~

4f.
~

t!i
~
~"J

/f}JN
/fl!l!l

buzu

Insufficiency

xii
shuiii
hdo
fie
kuf
Uo
sun
'Wang
tuo
hua
fu
jue
duo
giin
kii
he
yue
bu zhen
bu 9u

vacuity
debilitation
'.
wearmg
exhaustion
depletion
taxation
detriment
collapse
desertion
efflux
floating
expiry
despo lia ting
dryness
desiccation*
dessication*
straitened
devitalization
insecurity
-97-

buH
~19~

deficiency

Examples:
,c.,,~m

;?f

(xzn qi xil), heart qi vacuity

m(du6 jzng)' despoliation of essence

llhW"'7H ( chang ye kuz hao ), intestinal humor depletion

J::./91XT~m (sliang jue xia jie), upper body reversal and lower body
exhaustion
t':~Jl (wang yzn), yin collapse
~IIJiifil!l}l ( qi sui xue tuo)' qi deserting with the blood
~r~rft ~5?. (jiu xie hua tuo), enduring diarrhea efflux desertion
~Jlm~st-'J1. (ym xil yang fu), yin vacuity and floating yang
'L't!Jlr-')1.~ (xzn shen fu yue), heart spirit floating astray
~ ff (jue han), expiry sweating
'f 11I1 (gan xue)) dry blood
R~~kj (pi yue), straitened spleen
H~~S~t~ (pi yang bu zhen), devitalized spleen yang
:'&~~i]!i] (biao qi bu gu), insecurity of exterior qi
'~:ffl~JE (shen jzng bu zu), insufficiency of kidney essence
r:f:l~T~a (zhong qi xia xian), center qi fal(
~Jl~pg (ym han nei sheng,) exuberant internal yin cold
~.EU*

rm
~~
~

=
r~

m
~

l\'
1
~R
JJx .

31'<.

((

-o

WiX

zii zhl

Obstruction

zhi
yu
yong
bi
zu
e
siii
xu
ting
jz
Ju
Jie
ni
j-:Mf

stagnation
depression
congestion
block
obstruction*
obstruction*
blockage
amassment
collection
accumulation
gathering
bind
counterflow
reversal

-98-

bu Zi

inhibition

~19~

Examples:
~ rw (qi zh i), qi stagnation
llf~f[~;a (gan qi yu jie), binding depression of liver qi
r~~~~~jUp (re xie yong jei), heat evil congesting the lung
r!JH~\ ~ll. friHI$ ~ ( shi: re zii. zhi .p( wei), damp-heat obstructing the spleen
tffi1 (pz sai), glomus 'blockage
191~ifrtrr (shii.ng hO.n xu xue), cold damage blood amassment
tUR (sM jz), food accumulation
: r;.~;a (re jie), heat bind
~ ~J:: ~ (wei qi shdng ni), stomach qi ascending counterflow
J!liXiiL(jue zheng), reversal pattern
JliP'~1::'F;fiJ .(fei qi bu li), inhibited lung qi

hugu

Insecurity

*'J *

li

If!*
W:
Jm
Jili*

hua
xie tuo
tuo
y(

uninhibited
diarrhea
efflux
discharge
desertion
emission
enuresis

1'1!1

~19~

Examples:
(xia li qzng gu), clear-food diarrhea
~/m ( qi tuo), qi desertion
rill#. (hua tuo), efflux desertion
ri#f (hua jfng); seminal emission
:il11#f (y( jfng), seminal emission
~:il11 (meng y(), dream emission
imllR (y( niao ), enuresis
T;fiJ~-tt

.*, 1'*

huo,

B.I

wang
zhu6
yan
jan

ft

re

Fire, Heat
effulgent
exuberant
flame
blaze
-99 _:_

**

!k

j"J
:KR

*11~

jen
zh1t6
chi
zheng
xiin
fu

deflagrate
scorch
intense
steam
fume
float

Examples:
~JlhmXHI (yfn xu hui5_ wang),

effulgent yin vacuity fire

ijf;A:J:.~

(giin huii shdng yan), liver fire flamingupward

"'l:~imi:lli (qi ying lir'ing frin), qi and construction both ablaze
,L.,1<pg1l! (xrn huo nei fen), heart fire deflagrating internally

)ilfs'" m~
Treatment

*~
f1(

*w
1ffi

nil

tit
t~

m
=*
->1..

sm
~
@]

1m
lt

bu

Supplement

fu
yang
yu
han
run
zf
zeng
sheng

support*
nourish
foster
moisten*
moisten*
enrich
increase
engender
lubricate*
emolliate
boost
restore
strengthen*
invigorate (yang)
strengthen* (sinews)
return.
fortify*
fortify*

hUa
r6u
yi
fu
qiang
zhuang
hui
jian
jian
-lOO-

up bear
raise
lift

sheng

ti-i
ju
~f?tl

Examples:

t:1i:JE (fu.zheng), support right

3f ltll ( yiing xue), nourish blood
W ~}3 ( yu yfn), foster yin
(han mu), moisten wood
it$ ( sheng jfn), engender liquid
!INmi (zeng ye), increase humor
h'ij/llll (rim f~), moisten the lung
h'ijiJm (run fCi), moisten the intestine
:fu't-9: (yi qi), boost qi
:fu't~R (yi yfn), boost yin
~!iWR (qidng yfn), strengthen yin
5Jii1!JJ)jt~ ( qidng. jfn zhuang gii), strengthen sinew and bone
)j-_Ht:f (zhuang :gang), invigorate yang
@~8 (hu{ ydng); return yang
f}t!J!If (jian pz), fortify the spleen
Jt~a (sheng yan!J), upbear yang

00*

~*

ffi.l:

xi-e

Drain

xie
qii

discharge
dis11el
eliminate*
eliminate*
transform
expel*
expel*
repel
clear
cool
disperse
percolate
disinhibit
break

chU

*1t

qu
hua
qii
zhu

~jg

. ,@f
f!f
{JR

m
~

flj
~

bi
qfng
lidng
xiiio
shen

li

po
-101-

J:~l:

prii
san
xia

tf!x

T*

1:\t
'*
m:

'*i?tl

expel*
dissipate
precipitate
quell
out thrust

fri
tou

Examples:
rt!f:Jl:i~'H!.\
1~?'$ ( qu

(xie wei tou re), discharge defense and outthrust heat

tan), dispel phlegm
ll* r!!I ( chU shf)' eliminate dampness
~~ !R ( qil ch6ng), expel worms
:@';7]<. (zhu shui), expel water
.!l'H!!i (bi hui), repel fouless .
tt ;!'!.~ ( q'tng re)' clear heat
{J)Utll. ( liring xue), cool the blood
WJ 1t ( xiao sM), disperse food
W: t!!I ( shen shf), percolate dampness
;f!J 7j( (li shui), disinhibit dampness
;f!J TI ( li guan jie), disinhibit the joints
. ;f!J 01!\J ( li yan), disinhibit the throat
li.Biltll (po xue)' break blood
Hi'R~ (prii n6ng), expel pus
l!'Jl:* (san hrin), dissipate cold
~;!'!,\ ( tou re,)) outthrust heat
~~ (tou n6ng), outthrust pus

ilfU,

fr
jE

;flj

m
"""'
__
'&
~~
~lit

~~

tong

fii sim

x{ng
yun
li
hu6
xuan
fa
shil
lz

~}

shil
sMm

Free, Effuse

move*
move*
disinhibit
quicken
diffuse
effuse
resolve
course
rectify
soothe
normalize

je

Jlll.

!lllll

n,

-102-

~~

T
'NI
:7f
~

*19tl

down bear
precipitate
loosen
open
sweep

jiang
xi a
kuiin
kiii
hua

Examples:
1'fEf. (xing qi), move qi
;fiH.ill!. (li shZ), disinhibit dampness
''~fli (xuiin jei), diffuse the lung
'&. (fa biao), effuse the exterior
lti* (jie biao ), resolve the exterior
ifffi* (shu biao ), course the exterior
ifjjt)Xt (shufeng), course wind
wiillf ( shu. giin), course the liver
J.!l!.-9: (li' qi), rectify qi
r!1!.~ (,qfngre), clear heat
gfjfjj (shil jfn), sooth the sinews
gfllf (shil giin), soothe the liver
)IIDJ 9: (shUn qi), normalize qi
~:@: (jidng qi), downbear counterflow
T-9: (xia qi), precipitate qi
Tn!1* (xia zao ski) precipitate dry stool
1\1ff{ijj (kuiin xiong), loosen the chest
7f:f0 (kai qiao ), open the orifices
~Wf (huo tan), sweep phlegm
'lit IJYJ (run chring)' lubricate the intestine

gu se'

zhen na

gu

Securing, Settling

secure
stanch (bleeding)
allay (thirst)
check (sweating)
suppress (cough)
reduce
constrain
contain
astringe

zM

suo
lian
se
-103-

:s.p:

ping
iin
zhim
qian
na

'9:
!fJl;
~f
~!AJ
~19tl

quiet
calm
settle
subdue
absorb

Examples:
~ *. (gu

Mao), secure the exterior

ll::.11n (iM xue), stanch bleeding
f&nqi (lian jei), constrain the lung
yl'f [ti; (se chang)' astring the intestines
ifi'i J7R (suo niao); reduce urine
3f Jlf (ping giin), calm the liver
'ti; J:j:I ( iin zhOng), quiet the center
41!; t!l\ ( zhen jmg), settle fright
iii~S

(qian yang), subdue yang

i[l.]-9:,. ( na qi)' promote qi absorption

-104 -

ff~

[italics J
[old]

1'F ~ JJit7t: fil! m18Jrn ~

[new]

1'F~fJI!t1iE:ffl 18~J~

[non-channel]
who

0
0

[ 1

~ j~ 1'iJ1\7\ lli .L 1\ :g
lit IJf.iltll~..~}(lfE ll.L ~t fk.;;ttif:fil iif]

mtn~IO'I:f:~ iifJlfl.!.i8~Y.$f1i1
JJ;!,Jn'l:f:~iifJ~-18~Y.$f1:f;
1'F ~Jiff !jjlj jfr 18 ~ Y. $ f'j :g
$~:f;~#fk1\:f;(l'g~:f;(~~~~~ttl8~~)

'ai

1. :JUi A. 18 "
2. 11J7 ~ 1!l'lll~i8J!iB17J'~Y.r:p~:g
3. 1J ifiJ i1 :ffl\ 18 Jlft 1JO fill ,~,
~*~*~mm#fk1\:f1.:n~:g:ffl\~&'l:f:~il:ffl\.~~,
Eight Winds t~-m~tfk1\1:V:ilkJ,~,:ffl\, jffl eight wind IJ!IH~ ;\;flit

}X\.

Legend
[italics]
[old]

[new]
[non-channel]
who

0
0

*
[ l
Capitals

Comment
Rendering previously used by the author
Rendering now used by the author
A non-channel point name
Acupuncture term proposed by the World Health
Organization
An English drug name found in nonospecialist dictionaries
An English drug name appearing in specialist dictionaries
A drug name created by the author
Alternative Chinese drug names or acupuncture point names
(or alternative pronunciations)
1. Interpolation
2. An English drug part name that can be ommitted
3. Additional information in formula nam('Js
Uppercase initial letters indicate acupuncture point names
and formula names, as well as proper names. Thus "Eight
Winds" is a name of a set of acupuncture points, distinguished
from "eight winds," which denotes eight kinds of wind.

-105-