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Interference fit
An interference fit, also known as a press fit or friction fit,[1] is a fastening between two parts which is achieved by
friction after the parts are pushed together, rather than by any other means of fastening.
For metal parts in particular, the friction that holds the parts together is often greatly increased by compression of
one part against the other, which relies on the tensile and compressive strengths of the materials the parts are made
from. Typical examples of interference fits are the press fitting of shafts into bearings or bearings into their housings
and the attachment of watertight connectors to cables. An interference fit also results when pipe fittings are
assembled and tightened.
Tightness of fit
The tightness of fit is controlled by amount of interference; the "allowance". Formulas exist to compute this
allowance (planned difference from nominal size) that will result in various strengths of fit such as loose fit, light
interference fit, and interference fit. The value of the allowance depends on which material is being used, how big
the parts are, and what degree of tightness is desired. Such values have already been worked out in the past for many
standard applications, and they are available to engineers in the form of tables, obviating the need for re-derivation.
Thus if a loose fit is desired for a 10mm (unknown operator: u'strong'in) shaft made of 303 stainless steel, the
engineer can look up the needed allowance in a reference book or computer program, rather than using a formula to
calculate it.
Assembling
There are two basic methods for assembling an oversize shaft into an undersized hole, sometimes used in
combination:
1. force,
2. thermal expansion or contraction.
Force
There are at least three different terms used to describe an interference fit created via force: press fit, friction fit, and
hydraulic dilation.[2][3]
Press fit is achieved with presses that can press the parts together with very large amounts of force. The presses are
generally hydraulic, although small hand-operated presses (such as arbor presses) may operate by means of the
mechanical advantage supplied by a jackscrew or by a gear reduction driving a rack and pinion. The amount of force
applied in hydraulic presses may be anything from a few pounds for the tiniest parts to hundreds of tons for the
largest parts.
Interference fit
Often the edges of shafts and holes are chamfered (beveled). The chamfer forms a guide for the pressing movement,
helping to distribute the force evenly around the circumference of the hole, to allow the compression to occur
gradually instead of all at once, thus helping the pressing operation to be smoother, to be more easily controlled, and
to require less power (less force at any one instant of time), and to assist in aligning the shaft parallel with the hole it
is being pressed into.
References
[1] Alan O. Lebeck (1991). Principles and design of mechanical face seals (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=RnOZ4zl6CRMC&
pg=PA232& dq="Friction+ fit"+ "interference+ fit"+ "press+ fit"& lr=& ei=8YNkS4L2KJH2NPGp_IsO& cd=1#v=onepage& q="Friction fit"
"interference fit" "press fit"& f=false). Wiley-Interscience. p.232. ISBN978-0-471-51533-3. .
[2] Heinz P. Bloch (1998). Improving machinery reliability (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=pBhKQu8WwL8C& pg=PA216&
dq="Friction+ fit"+ "interference+ fit"& lr=& ei=f4BkS4HmAabuNN3AvYoO& cd=2#v=onepage& q="Friction fit" "interference fit"&
f=false) (3rd ed.). Gulf Professional Publishing. p.216. ISBN978-0-88415-661-1. .
[3] "Coupling Design and Selection" (http:/ / www. emerson-ept. com/ EPTRoot/ kopflex/ Engineered/ FAQ/ design. htm). . Retrieved
2010-01-30.
External links
Diagram of an interference fit (http://engineeronadisk.com/notes_manufact/assemblya3.html)
Interference fitting (http://www.eminebea.com/content/html/en/engineering/bearings/shaftbrg_10.shtml) formulae for calculating clearance reductions when using interference fits for bearings on shafts and in housings
License
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