1.

2.
3.
4.

Lasfrasescondicionales
Phrasalverbs
Adjetivosypronombres
Formascompuestas
conjunciones
COORDINATIVAS
and,y
so,asque
now,ahorabien
sothen,portanto
but,pero
for,pues
still,noobstante
either...or...,o...o...
yet,sinembargo
neither...nor...,ni...ni...
only,sloque
however,noobstante
while,mientras

therefore,porlotanto
then,entonces
nevertheless,sinembargo
SUBORDINATIVAS
that,que
although,though,aunque
becauseof,debidoa
while,entantoque
since,yaque,puestoque
until,hastaque
as,pues,como
asif,asthough,comosi
sothat,afindeque
when,cuando
lest,para(que)no
why,porque
if,si
inorderthat,para,afindeque
unless,amenosque

whether...or,si...o
USODEALGUNASPREPOSICIONES
ABOVE:indicasuperioridadfsica(ubicacinenutexto,por
ejemplo)omoral;
AT:indicalocalizacinoposicin;
FOR:indicafinalidad,lapsodetiempo;
FROM:indicaorigen,puntodepartida;
IN:indicasituacinenunlugar;
INTO:indicamovimientohaciaunlugar;
OF:setraduceporde,sinideademovimiento;
ON:indicaposicin,encimade,concontacto;
OVER:indicaposicin,encimade,sincontacto;
TO:indicadireccinhaciaunlugar.

IDIOMS
EXAMPLES
absentminded:forgetful(distrado)
Mygrandfatherisveryabsentmindedandoftenforgetshiskey.
allears:eagertolistentosomeone
Okay,I'mallears,pleasetellmeabouttheparty.
(todoodos)
allofasudden:suddenly,withoutadvancewarning
(repentinamente)
Allofasuddenitbecamecloudyandbegantorain.
beataroundthebush:speakindirectly
Stopbeatingaroundthebushandgiveusyourfinaldecision.
orevasively(darvueltasparahaceralgo)
behindthetimes:oldfashioned(anticuado)
Myauntisalittlebehindthetimes.
blowone'sownhorn:praiseoneself(fanfarronear,haceralarde)
Heisalwaysblowinghisownhornandisveryannoyingattimes.
brandnew:absolutelynew(flamante)
Hewasfinallyabletobuyabrandnewcar.

catchone'seye:attractone'sattention(llamarlaatencin)
Itriedtocatchhereyebutshedidn`tnoticeme.
catch(someone)redhanded:findsomeoneinthemiddleofdoing
somethingwrong(atraparaalguienconlasmanos
Thepolicemancaughttheboyredhandedwhenhewasstealing
thecandy.
enlamasa)
changehorsesinmidstream:makenewplansorchooseanew
leaderinthemiddleofanimportantactivity(cambiardecaballoen
lamitaddelro)
Theydecidedtochangehorsesinmidstreamandthatisprobably
whytheylosttheelection.
change(one's)mind:changeone`sdecision(cambiardeopinin)
Hechangedhismindandsaidthathewouldnotgotothemovie
tonight.
comeacross:findsomethingormeetsomeonebychance
(encontrarserepentinamenteconalgooalguien)
Icameacrossaninterestingstoryinthenewspapertheotherday.
comeintofashion:becomefashionable(ponersedemoda)
Shesaysthatalthoughbellbottompantshavecomeintofashion
againshewillneverwearthem.
crocodiletears:ashowofsorrowthat

Hesaidthathewasverysorrybuthistearswerejustcrocodile
tears.
isnotreallyfelt(lgrimasdecocodrilo)
cryoverspiltmilk:cryorcomplainaboutsomethingthathas
alreadyhappened(llorarsobrelechederramada)
Don'tcryoverspiltmilk.Youcanneverchangethepast.
dieout:dieordisappearslowlyuntilallgone(desaparecer,
extinguirse)
Dinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago.
dollup:dressinfancyclothes(emperifollarse,vestirsedemoda)
Shewasalldolledupforthepartyatthedowntownhotel
dowithout:managewithoutsomething(arreglrselassinalgo)
Ifthereisnosugar,we'llhavetodowithout.
dressedtothenines(teeth):dressedelegantly(elegantemente
vestido,"hastalosdientes")
Thestarswerealldressedtothenines(teeth)duringtheAcademy
Awardsceremony.
dressup:putonone'sbestclothes(vestirseformalmente)
Hedecidedtodressupfordinnerattherestaurant.
drop(someone)aline:writeormailanoteorlettertosomeone
(escribirleaalguienunaslneas)

Shepromisedthatshewoulddropmealinewhenshegetsto
Singapore.
easygoing:tolerantandrelaxed(tolerante,defcilconvivencia)
Hehasaveryeasygoingmanagementstyle.
eatlikeabird:eatverylittle(comer
Heeatslikeabird.That'swhyhecan`tputonenoughweightto
jointhefootballteam.
comounpajarito)
eatlikeahorse:eatalot(comercomo
Heeatslikeahorsebutheneverputsonanyweight.
uncaballo)
eatone'swords:admitbeingwronginsomethingonehassaid,
retractone'sstatement(tragarselaspalabras)
Hewasforcedtoeathiswordsafterhisbossprovedthathewas
wrong.
endup:finish,finallydosomething(terminarpor)
Weendedupgoingtotherestaurantafterthemovielastnight.
facethemusic:accepttheconsequencesofsomething(enfrentarlos
problemas)
Heisgoingtohavetofacethemusicsoonerorlater.
fallbehind:failtokeepupwithworkorstudiesorpayments,etc.

(atrasarseeneltrabajo,estudios,pagos,etc.)
Hefellbehindwithhishomeworkatthebeginningofthetermand
hadproblemsthroughouttheyear.
fallinlovewith:begintolovesomeone(enamorarsede)
IfellinlovewithherthefirsttimethatIsawherattherestaurant.
fedupwith:disgustedorboredwithsomeoneorsomething(harto
de)
Ithinkthatheisgettingfedupwiththeconstantdemandsofhis
boss.
figureout:trytounderstandorsolve(entender,darsecuenta)
Hefinallyfiguredouthowtousethenewvideorecorder.
fitasafiddle:ingoodathleticcondition
Hergrandfatheris92yearsoldbutheisasfitasafiddle.
orhealth(comounvioln)
fixsomeoneupwithsomeone:helpsomeonegetadateby
arrangingameetingforthetwo(arreglaralgoconalguien)
Itriedtofixmysisterupwithadatewithmyfriendbutshe
refusedme.
foralltheworld:foranything,foranyprice(pornadadelmundo)
ForalltheworldIdonotknowwhatheistryingtotellmewiththe
notesthathewrites

forbetterorworse:dependingonhowonelooksatthematter,
withgoodorbadeffects(parabienoparamal)
Forbetterorworsehehasdecidedtoquithisjobandgotolivein
Brazil.
fromhandtohand:fromonepersontoanotherandanother(de
manoenmano)
Theplateoffoodwentfromhandtohanduntilfinallyitwasall
finished.
fromthebottomofone'sheart:withgreatfeeling,sincerely(de
todocorazn,sinceramente)
Ithankedhimfromthebottomofmyheartforhelpingmy
daughterwhenshewassick.
fromnowon:fromthismomentforward(deaquenms)
FromnowonIwillstudyItalianeveryday.
fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning
Hedecidedtobuildthehousefromscratch.
(decero,delanada)
fromtimetotime:occasionally(cadatanto,devezencuando)
Wegotothatrestaurantfromtimetotime.

ADJECTIVOS

awake
despierto
=/=
asleep
dormido
beautiful
hermoso
=/=
ugly
feo
big
grande
=/=
small
pequeo
bitter
amargo
=/=

sweet
dulce
dead
muerto
=/=
alive
vivo
deep
profundo
=/=
shallow
superficial
dirty
sucio
=/=
clean
limpio
expensive
caro

=/=
cheap
barato
far
lejano
=/=
near
cercano
fast
rpido
=/=
slow
lento
fat
gordo
=/=
thin
flaco,delgado
full

lleno
=/=
empty
vaco
glad
contento
=/=
sad
triste
good
bueno
=/=
bad
malo
happy
feliz
=/=
sorry
apenado

hard
duro
=/=
soft
blando
healthy
saludable
=/=
sick
enfermo
heavy
pesado
=/=
light
liviano
high
alto
=/=
low

bajo
hot
caliente
=/=
cold
fro
long
largo
=/=
short
corto
new
nuevo
=/=
old
viejo
polite
corts
=/=

rude
grosero
rich
rico
=/=
poor
pobre
right
derecho,correcto
=/=
left
izquierdo,equivocado
rough
spero
=/=
smooth
suave,liso
safe
seguro

=/=
dangerous
peligroso
same
mismo
=/=
different
diferente
simple
simple
=/=
complex
complejo
single
soltero
=/=
married
casado
strong

fuerte
=/=
weak
dbil
tall
alto
=/=
short
bajo
thick
grueso
=/=
thin
delgado
true
VERDADERO
=/=
false
FALSO

useful
til
=/=
useless
intil
warm
clido
=/=
cool
fresco
wet
mojado
=/=
dry
seco
wide
ancho
=/=
narrow

angosto
young
joven
=/=
old
viejo

INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
CASTELLANO
be(bi)
was/were(us/ur)
been(bin)
ser,estar
become(bikm)
became(bikim)

become(bikm)
llegaraser
begin(bigun)
began(bign)
begun(bign)
comenzar
break(brik)
broke(bruk)
broken(brukn)
romper
bring(bring)
brought(brot)
brought(brot)
traer
build(bilt)
built(bilt)
built(bilt)
construir
buy(bi)

bought(bot)
bought(bot)
comprar
catch(kach)
caught(kot)
caught(kot)
agarrar
choose(chus)
chose(chos)
chosen(chsn)
elegir
come(km)
came(kem)
come(km)
venir
cut(kat)
cut(kat)
cut(kat)
cortar

do(d)
did(dd)
done(dn)
hacer
draw(dr)
drew(dr)
drawn(drn)
dibujar
drink(drink)
drank(drnk)
drunk(drank)
beber
drive(driv)
drove(druv)
driven(drvn)
conducir
eat(:t)
ate(et)
eaten(tn)

comer
fall(fol)
fell(fel)
fallen(flen)
caer
feel(f:l)
felt(felt)
felt(felt)
sentir
find(find)
found(fand)
found(fund)
encontrar
fly(fli)
flew(flu)
flown(fln)
volar
forget(forgut)
forgot(forgt)

forgotten(forgtn)
olvidar
get(gut)
got(got)
got/gotten(got/gotn)
obtener
give(guv)
gave(guiv)
given(gvn)
dar
go(gu)
went(unt)
gone(gun)
ir
grow(gru)
grew(gr)
grown(grn)
cultivar,crecer
hang(jng)

hung(jng)
hung(jng)
colgar
have(jev)
had(jad)
had(jad)
tener,haber
hear(jar)
heard(jerd)
heard(jerd)
oir
keep(k:p)
kept(kept)
kept(kept)
guardar
know(nu)
knew(ni)
known(nun)
saber,conocer

learn(lrn)
learnt(lernt)
learnt(lernt)
aprender
lose(l:s)
lost(lost)
lost(lost)
perder
make(mik)
made(mid)
made(mid)
hacer,fabricar
meet(m:t)
met(met)
met(met)
encontrarsecon
pay(pi)
paid(ped)
paid(ped)

pagar
put(put)
put(put)
put(put)
poner
read(rid)
read(red)
read(red)
leer
ride(rid)
rode(rud)
ridden(rdn)
cabalgar
ring(ring)
rang(reng)
rung(rang)
sonar
run(ran)
ran(ren)

run(ran)
correr
say(si)
said(sed)
said(sed)
decir
see(s:)
saw(su)
seen(sin)
ver
sell(sel)
sold(sold)
sold(sold)
vender
send(send)
sent(sent)
sent(sent)
enviar
show(shu)

showed(shut)
shown(shun)
mostrar
shut(shat)
shut(shat)
shut(shat)
cerrar
sing(sing)
sang(seng)
sung(sang)
cantar
sleep(slp)
slept(slpt)
slept(slpt)
dormir
smell(smel)
smelt(smelt)
smelt(smelt)
oler

speak(spik)
spoke(spuk)
spoken(spukn)
hablar
spend(spend)
spent(spent)
spent(spent)
gastar,pasar
stand(stand)
stood(st:d)
stood(st:d)
pararse
steal(stl)
stole(stul)
stolen(stln)
robar
swim(sum)
swam(sum)
swum(sum)

nadar
take(tik)
took(tul)
taken(tikn)
tomar,llevar
teach(tch)
taught(tot)
taught(tot)
ensear
tell(tel)
told(told)
told(told)
decir,contar
think(zink)
thought(zot)
thought(zot)
pensar,creer
wake(uik)
woke(uuk)

waken(uikn)
despertarse
wear(uar)
wore(ur)
worn(urn)
usar(ropa)
win(un)
won(un)
won(un)
ganar
write(rit)
wrote(rut)
written(rtn)
escribir

INFINITIVO
PASADOSIMPLE

PARTICIPIOPASADO
TRADUCCIN
Arise
Arose
Arisen
Surgir,Levantarse
Awake
Awoke
Awoken
Despertarse
Be/am,are,is
Was/Were
Been
Ser/Estar
Bear
Bore
Borne/Born
Soportar,daraluz
Beat

Beat
Beaten
Golpear
Become
Became
Become
LlegaraSer
Begin
Began
Begun
Empezar
Bend
Bent
Bent
Doblar
Bet
Bet
Bet
Apostar

Bind
Bound
Bound
Atar,encuadernar
Bid
Bid
Bid
Pujar
Bite
Bit
Bitten
Morder
Bleed
Bled
Bled
Sangrar
Blow
Blew
Blown

Soplar
Break
Broke
Broken
Romper
Breed
Bred
Bred
Criar
Bring
Brought
Brought
TraerLlevar
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Radiar
Build
Built

Built
Edificar
Burn
Burnt/Burned
Burnt/Burned
Quemar
Burst
Burst
Burst
Reventar
Buy
Bought
Bought
Comprar
Cast
Cast
Cast
Arrojar
Catch

Caught
Caught
Coger
Come
Came
Come
Venir
Cost
Cost
Cost
Costar
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cortar
Choose
Chose
Chosen
Elegir

Cling
Clung
Clung
Agarrarse
Creep
Crept
Crept
Arrastrarse
Deal
Dealt
Dealt
Tratar
Dig
Dug
Dug
Cavar
Do(Does)
Did
Done

Hacer
Draw
Drew
Drawn
Dibujar
Dream
Dreamt/Dreamed
Dreamt/Dreamed
Soar
Drink
Drank
Drunk
Beber
Drive
Drove
Driven
Conducir
Eat
Ate

Eaten
Comer
Fall
Fell
Fallen
Caer
Feed
Fed
Fed
Alimentar
Feel
Felt
Felt
Sentir
Fight
Fought
Fought
Luchar
Find

Found
Found
Encontrar
Flee
Fled
Fled
Huir
Fly
Flew
Flown
Volar
Forbid
Forbade
Forbidden
Prohibir
Forget
Forgot
Forgotten
Olvidar

Forgive
Forgave
Forgiven
Perdonar
Freeze
Froze
Frozen
Helar
Get
Got
Got/Gotten
Obtener
Give
Gave
Given
Dar
Go(Goes)
Went
Gone

Ir
Grow
Grew
Grown
Crecer
Grind
Ground
Ground
Moler
Hang
Hung
Hung
Colgar
Have
Had
Had
HaberoTener
Hear
Heard

Heard
Oir
Hide
Hid
Hidden
Ocultar
Hit
Hit
Hit
Golpear
Hold
Held
Held
AgarrarCelebrar
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Herir
Keep

Kept
Kept
Conservar
Know
Knew
Known
SaberConocer
Kneel
Knelt
Knelt
Arrodillarse
Knit
Knit
Knit
Hacerpunto
Lay
Laid
Laid
Poner

Lead
Led
Led
Conducir
Lean
Leant
Leant
Apoyarse
Leap
Leapt
Leapt
Brincar
Learn
Learnt/Learned
Learnt/Learned
Aprender
Leave
Left
Left

Dejar
Lend
Lent
Lent
Prestar
Let
Let
Let
Permitir
Lie
Lay
Lain
Echarse
Light
Lit
Lit
Encender
Lose
Lost

Lost
Perder
Make
Made
Made
Hacer
Mean
Meant
Meant
Significar
Meet
Met
Met
Encontrar
Mistake
Mistook
Mistaken
Equivocar
Overcome

Overcame
Overcome
Vencer
Pay
Paid
Paid
Pagar
Put
Put
Put
Poner
Read
Read
Read
Leer
Ride
Rode
Ridden
Montar

Ring
Rang
Rung
Llamar
Rise
Rose
Risen
Levantarse
Run
Ran
Run
Correr
Say
Said
Said
Decir
See
Saw
Seen

Ver
Seek
Sought
Sought
Buscar
Sell
Sold
Sold
Vender
Send
Sent
Sent
Enviar
Set
Set
Set
Poner(se)
Sew
Sewed

Sewed/Sewn
Coser
Shake
Shook
Shaken
Sacudir
Shear
Shore
Shorn
Esquilar
Shine
Shone
Shone
Brillar
Shoot
Shot
Shot
Disparar
Show

Showed
Shown
Mostrar
Shrink
Shrank
Shrunk
Encogerse
Shut
Shut
Shut
Cerrar
Sing
Sang
Sung
Cantar
Sink
Sank
Sunk
Hundir

Sit
Sat
Sat
Sentarse
Sleep
Slept
Slept
Dormir
Slide
Slid
Slid
Resbalar
Smell
Smelt
Smelt
Oler
Sow
Sowed
Sowed/Sown

Sembrar
Speak
Spoke
Spoken
Hablar
Speed
Sped
Sped
Acelerar
Spell
Spelt
Spelt
Deletrear
Spend
Spent
Spent
Gastar
Spill
Spilt/Spilled

Spilt/Spilled
Derramar
Spin
Spun
Spun
Hilar
Spit
Spat
Spat
Escupir
Split
Split
Split
Hender/partir/rajar
Spoil
Spoilt/Spoiled
Spoilt/Spoiled
Estropear
Spread

Spread
Spread
Extender
Spring
Sprang
Sprung
Saltar
Stand
Stood
Stood
Estarenpie
Steal
Stole
Stolen
Robar
Stick
Stuck
Stuck
PegarEngomar

Sting
Stung
Stung
Picar
Stink
Stank/Stunk
Stunk
Apestar
Stride
Strode
Stridden
Darzancadas
Strike
Struck
Struck
Golpear
Swear
Swore
Sworn

Jurar
Sweat
Sweat
Sweat
Sudar
Sweep
Swept
Swept
Barrer
Swell
Swelled
Swollen
Hinchar
Swim
Swam
Swum
Nadar
Swing
Swung

Swung
Columpiarse
Take
Took
Taken
Coger
Teach
Taught
Taught
Ensear
Tear
Tore
Torn
Rasgar
Tell
Told
Told
Decir
Think

Thought
Thought
Pensar
Throw
Threw
Thrown
ArrojarTirar
Thrust
Thrust
Thrust
Introducir
Tread
Trod
Trodden
Pisar,hollar
Understand
Understood
Understood
Entender

Undergo
Underwent
Undergone
Sufrir
Undertake
Undertook
Undertaken
Emprender
Wake
Woke
Woken
Despertarse
Wear
Wore
Worn
Llevarpuesto
Weave
Wove
Woven

Tejer
Weep
Wept
Wept
Llorar
Wet
Wet
Wet
Mojar
Win
Won
Won
Ganar
Wind
Wound
Wound
Enrollar
Withdraw
Withdrew

Withdrawn
Retirarse
Wring
Wrung
Wrung
Torcer
Write
Wrote
Written
Escribir
OurFather
Ourfatherwhichartinheaven,
Hallowedbethyname.
Thykingdomcome
Thywillbedoneinearth,asitisinheaven
Giveusthisdayourdailybread.
Andforgiveusourdebts(trespasses),
asweforgiveourdebtors(themthattrespassagainstus)
Andleadusnotintotemptation,

butdeliverusfromevil:Forthine
isthekingdom,andthepower,andtheglory
forandever.Amen
Hail,MotherofGod,fullofgrace!
TheLordiswithyou!
Blessedareyouamongwomen,
andblessedisthefruitofyourwomb,
foryouhavegivenbirthtoChrist,
theSaviorandDelivererofoursouls.
GloryBetotheFather!
GlorybetotheFather,
andtotheSon,
andtotheHolySpirit.
Asitwasinthebeginning,
isnow,andevershallbe,
worldwithoutend.
Amen.
TheApostles'Creed
IbelieveinGod,
theFatherAlmighty,

CreatorofHeavenandearth.
IbelieveinJesusChrist,
HisonlySon,ourLord.
HewasconceivedbythepoweroftheHolySpirit
andwasbornoftheVirginMary.
HesufferedunderPontiusPilate,
wascrucified,died,andwasburied.
Hedescendedtothedead.
OnthethirddayHeroseagain.
HeascendedintoHeaven,
andisseatedattherighthandoftheFather.
Hewillcomeagaintojudgethelivingandthedead.
IbelieveintheHolySpirit,
theHolyCatholicChurch,
theCommunionofSaints,
theforgivenessofsins,
theresurrectionofthebody,
andlifeeverlasting.Amen
1.
2.

Lasfrasescondicionales
Phrasalverbs

3.
4.

Adjetivosypronombres
Formascompuestas
conjunciones
COORDINATIVAS
and,y
so,asque
now,ahorabien
sothen,portanto
but,pero
for,pues
still,noobstante
either...or...,o...o...
yet,sinembargo
neither...nor...,ni...ni...
only,sloque
however,noobstante
while,mientras
therefore,porlotanto
then,entonces

nevertheless,sinembargo
SUBORDINATIVAS
that,que
although,though,aunque
becauseof,debidoa
while,entantoque
since,yaque,puestoque
until,hastaque
as,pues,como
asif,asthough,comosi
sothat,afindeque
when,cuando
lest,para(que)no
why,porque
if,si
inorderthat,para,afindeque
unless,amenosque
whether...or,si...o

USODEALGUNASPREPOSICIONES
ABOVE:indicasuperioridadfsica(ubicacinenutexto,por
ejemplo)omoral;
AT:indicalocalizacinoposicin;
FOR:indicafinalidad,lapsodetiempo;
FROM:indicaorigen,puntodepartida;
IN:indicasituacinenunlugar;
INTO:indicamovimientohaciaunlugar;
OF:setraduceporde,sinideademovimiento;
ON:indicaposicin,encimade,concontacto;
OVER:indicaposicin,encimade,sincontacto;
TO:indicadireccinhaciaunlugar.

IDIOMS
EXAMPLES

absentminded:forgetful(distrado)
Mygrandfatherisveryabsentmindedandoftenforgetshiskey.
allears:eagertolistentosomeone
Okay,I'mallears,pleasetellmeabouttheparty.
(todoodos)
allofasudden:suddenly,withoutadvancewarning
(repentinamente)
Allofasuddenitbecamecloudyandbegantorain.
beataroundthebush:speakindirectly
Stopbeatingaroundthebushandgiveusyourfinaldecision.
orevasively(darvueltasparahaceralgo)
behindthetimes:oldfashioned(anticuado)
Myauntisalittlebehindthetimes.
blowone'sownhorn:praiseoneself(fanfarronear,haceralarde)
Heisalwaysblowinghisownhornandisveryannoyingattimes.
brandnew:absolutelynew(flamante)
Hewasfinallyabletobuyabrandnewcar.
catchone'seye:attractone'sattention(llamarlaatencin)
Itriedtocatchhereyebutshedidn`tnoticeme.

catch(someone)redhanded:findsomeoneinthemiddleofdoing
somethingwrong(atraparaalguienconlasmanos
Thepolicemancaughttheboyredhandedwhenhewasstealing
thecandy.
enlamasa)
changehorsesinmidstream:makenewplansorchooseanew
leaderinthemiddleofanimportantactivity(cambiardecaballoen
lamitaddelro)
Theydecidedtochangehorsesinmidstreamandthatisprobably
whytheylosttheelection.
change(one's)mind:changeone`sdecision(cambiardeopinin)
Hechangedhismindandsaidthathewouldnotgotothemovie
tonight.
comeacross:findsomethingormeetsomeonebychance
(encontrarserepentinamenteconalgooalguien)
Icameacrossaninterestingstoryinthenewspapertheotherday.
comeintofashion:becomefashionable(ponersedemoda)
Shesaysthatalthoughbellbottompantshavecomeintofashion
againshewillneverwearthem.
crocodiletears:ashowofsorrowthat
Hesaidthathewasverysorrybuthistearswerejustcrocodile
tears.

isnotreallyfelt(lgrimasdecocodrilo)
cryoverspiltmilk:cryorcomplainaboutsomethingthathas
alreadyhappened(llorarsobrelechederramada)
Don'tcryoverspiltmilk.Youcanneverchangethepast.
dieout:dieordisappearslowlyuntilallgone(desaparecer,
extinguirse)
Dinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago.
dollup:dressinfancyclothes(emperifollarse,vestirsedemoda)
Shewasalldolledupforthepartyatthedowntownhotel
dowithout:managewithoutsomething(arreglrselassinalgo)
Ifthereisnosugar,we'llhavetodowithout.
dressedtothenines(teeth):dressedelegantly(elegantemente
vestido,"hastalosdientes")
Thestarswerealldressedtothenines(teeth)duringtheAcademy
Awardsceremony.
dressup:putonone'sbestclothes(vestirseformalmente)
Hedecidedtodressupfordinnerattherestaurant.
drop(someone)aline:writeormailanoteorlettertosomeone
(escribirleaalguienunaslneas)
Shepromisedthatshewoulddropmealinewhenshegetsto
Singapore.

easygoing:tolerantandrelaxed(tolerante,defcilconvivencia)
Hehasaveryeasygoingmanagementstyle.
eatlikeabird:eatverylittle(comer
Heeatslikeabird.That'swhyhecan`tputonenoughweightto
jointhefootballteam.
comounpajarito)
eatlikeahorse:eatalot(comercomo
Heeatslikeahorsebutheneverputsonanyweight.
uncaballo)
eatone'swords:admitbeingwronginsomethingonehassaid,
retractone'sstatement(tragarselaspalabras)
Hewasforcedtoeathiswordsafterhisbossprovedthathewas
wrong.
endup:finish,finallydosomething(terminarpor)
Weendedupgoingtotherestaurantafterthemovielastnight.
facethemusic:accepttheconsequencesofsomething(enfrentarlos
problemas)
Heisgoingtohavetofacethemusicsoonerorlater.
fallbehind:failtokeepupwithworkorstudiesorpayments,etc.
(atrasarseeneltrabajo,estudios,pagos,etc.)
Hefellbehindwithhishomeworkatthebeginningofthetermand

hadproblemsthroughouttheyear.
fallinlovewith:begintolovesomeone(enamorarsede)
IfellinlovewithherthefirsttimethatIsawherattherestaurant.
fedupwith:disgustedorboredwithsomeoneorsomething(harto
de)
Ithinkthatheisgettingfedupwiththeconstantdemandsofhis
boss.
figureout:trytounderstandorsolve(entender,darsecuenta)
Hefinallyfiguredouthowtousethenewvideorecorder.
fitasafiddle:ingoodathleticcondition
Hergrandfatheris92yearsoldbutheisasfitasafiddle.
orhealth(comounvioln)
fixsomeoneupwithsomeone:helpsomeonegetadateby
arrangingameetingforthetwo(arreglaralgoconalguien)
Itriedtofixmysisterupwithadatewithmyfriendbutshe
refusedme.
foralltheworld:foranything,foranyprice(pornadadelmundo)
ForalltheworldIdonotknowwhatheistryingtotellmewiththe
notesthathewrites
forbetterorworse:dependingonhowonelooksatthematter,
withgoodorbadeffects(parabienoparamal)

Forbetterorworsehehasdecidedtoquithisjobandgotolivein
Brazil.
fromhandtohand:fromonepersontoanotherandanother(de
manoenmano)
Theplateoffoodwentfromhandtohanduntilfinallyitwasall
finished.
fromthebottomofone'sheart:withgreatfeeling,sincerely(de
todocorazn,sinceramente)
Ithankedhimfromthebottomofmyheartforhelpingmy
daughterwhenshewassick.
fromnowon:fromthismomentforward(deaquenms)
FromnowonIwillstudyItalianeveryday.
fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning
Hedecidedtobuildthehousefromscratch.
(decero,delanada)
fromtimetotime:occasionally(cadatanto,devezencuando)
Wegotothatrestaurantfromtimetotime.

ADJECTIVOS

awake
despierto
=/=
asleep
dormido
beautiful
hermoso
=/=
ugly
feo
big
grande
=/=
small
pequeo
bitter
amargo
=/=
sweet

dulce
dead
muerto
=/=
alive
vivo
deep
profundo
=/=
shallow
superficial
dirty
sucio
=/=
clean
limpio
expensive
caro
=/=

cheap
barato
far
lejano
=/=
near
cercano
fast
rpido
=/=
slow
lento
fat
gordo
=/=
thin
flaco,delgado
full
lleno

=/=
empty
vaco
glad
contento
=/=
sad
triste
good
bueno
=/=
bad
malo
happy
feliz
=/=
sorry
apenado
hard

duro
=/=
soft
blando
healthy
saludable
=/=
sick
enfermo
heavy
pesado
=/=
light
liviano
high
alto
=/=
low
bajo

hot
caliente
=/=
cold
fro
long
largo
=/=
short
corto
new
nuevo
=/=
old
viejo
polite
corts
=/=
rude

grosero
rich
rico
=/=
poor
pobre
right
derecho,correcto
=/=
left
izquierdo,equivocado
rough
spero
=/=
smooth
suave,liso
safe
seguro
=/=

dangerous
peligroso
same
mismo
=/=
different
diferente
simple
simple
=/=
complex
complejo
single
soltero
=/=
married
casado
strong
fuerte

=/=
weak
dbil
tall
alto
=/=
short
bajo
thick
grueso
=/=
thin
delgado
true
VERDADERO
=/=
false
FALSO
useful

til
=/=
useless
intil
warm
clido
=/=
cool
fresco
wet
mojado
=/=
dry
seco
wide
ancho
=/=
narrow
angosto

young
joven
=/=
old
viejo

INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
CASTELLANO
be(bi)
was/were(us/ur)
been(bin)
ser,estar
become(bikm)
became(bikim)
become(bikm)

llegaraser
begin(bigun)
began(bign)
begun(bign)
comenzar
break(brik)
broke(bruk)
broken(brukn)
romper
bring(bring)
brought(brot)
brought(brot)
traer
build(bilt)
built(bilt)
built(bilt)
construir
buy(bi)
bought(bot)

bought(bot)
comprar
catch(kach)
caught(kot)
caught(kot)
agarrar
choose(chus)
chose(chos)
chosen(chsn)
elegir
come(km)
came(kem)
come(km)
venir
cut(kat)
cut(kat)
cut(kat)
cortar
do(d)

did(dd)
done(dn)
hacer
draw(dr)
drew(dr)
drawn(drn)
dibujar
drink(drink)
drank(drnk)
drunk(drank)
beber
drive(driv)
drove(druv)
driven(drvn)
conducir
eat(:t)
ate(et)
eaten(tn)
comer

fall(fol)
fell(fel)
fallen(flen)
caer
feel(f:l)
felt(felt)
felt(felt)
sentir
find(find)
found(fand)
found(fund)
encontrar
fly(fli)
flew(flu)
flown(fln)
volar
forget(forgut)
forgot(forgt)
forgotten(forgtn)

olvidar
get(gut)
got(got)
got/gotten(got/gotn)
obtener
give(guv)
gave(guiv)
given(gvn)
dar
go(gu)
went(unt)
gone(gun)
ir
grow(gru)
grew(gr)
grown(grn)
cultivar,crecer
hang(jng)
hung(jng)

hung(jng)
colgar
have(jev)
had(jad)
had(jad)
tener,haber
hear(jar)
heard(jerd)
heard(jerd)
oir
keep(k:p)
kept(kept)
kept(kept)
guardar
know(nu)
knew(ni)
known(nun)
saber,conocer
learn(lrn)

learnt(lernt)
learnt(lernt)
aprender
lose(l:s)
lost(lost)
lost(lost)
perder
make(mik)
made(mid)
made(mid)
hacer,fabricar
meet(m:t)
met(met)
met(met)
encontrarsecon
pay(pi)
paid(ped)
paid(ped)
pagar

put(put)
put(put)
put(put)
poner
read(rid)
read(red)
read(red)
leer
ride(rid)
rode(rud)
ridden(rdn)
cabalgar
ring(ring)
rang(reng)
rung(rang)
sonar
run(ran)
ran(ren)
run(ran)

correr
say(si)
said(sed)
said(sed)
decir
see(s:)
saw(su)
seen(sin)
ver
sell(sel)
sold(sold)
sold(sold)
vender
send(send)
sent(sent)
sent(sent)
enviar
show(shu)
showed(shut)

shown(shun)
mostrar
shut(shat)
shut(shat)
shut(shat)
cerrar
sing(sing)
sang(seng)
sung(sang)
cantar
sleep(slp)
slept(slpt)
slept(slpt)
dormir
smell(smel)
smelt(smelt)
smelt(smelt)
oler
speak(spik)

spoke(spuk)
spoken(spukn)
hablar
spend(spend)
spent(spent)
spent(spent)
gastar,pasar
stand(stand)
stood(st:d)
stood(st:d)
pararse
steal(stl)
stole(stul)
stolen(stln)
robar
swim(sum)
swam(sum)
swum(sum)
nadar

take(tik)
took(tul)
taken(tikn)
tomar,llevar
teach(tch)
taught(tot)
taught(tot)
ensear
tell(tel)
told(told)
told(told)
decir,contar
think(zink)
thought(zot)
thought(zot)
pensar,creer
wake(uik)
woke(uuk)
waken(uikn)

despertarse
wear(uar)
wore(ur)
worn(urn)
usar(ropa)
win(un)
won(un)
won(un)
ganar
write(rit)
wrote(rut)
written(rtn)
escribir

INFINITIVO
PASADOSIMPLE
PARTICIPIOPASADO

TRADUCCIN
Arise
Arose
Arisen
Surgir,Levantarse
Awake
Awoke
Awoken
Despertarse
Be/am,are,is
Was/Were
Been
Ser/Estar
Bear
Bore
Borne/Born
Soportar,daraluz
Beat
Beat

Beaten
Golpear
Become
Became
Become
LlegaraSer
Begin
Began
Begun
Empezar
Bend
Bent
Bent
Doblar
Bet
Bet
Bet
Apostar
Bind

Bound
Bound
Atar,encuadernar
Bid
Bid
Bid
Pujar
Bite
Bit
Bitten
Morder
Bleed
Bled
Bled
Sangrar
Blow
Blew
Blown
Soplar

Break
Broke
Broken
Romper
Breed
Bred
Bred
Criar
Bring
Brought
Brought
TraerLlevar
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Radiar
Build
Built
Built

Edificar
Burn
Burnt/Burned
Burnt/Burned
Quemar
Burst
Burst
Burst
Reventar
Buy
Bought
Bought
Comprar
Cast
Cast
Cast
Arrojar
Catch
Caught

Caught
Coger
Come
Came
Come
Venir
Cost
Cost
Cost
Costar
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cortar
Choose
Chose
Chosen
Elegir
Cling

Clung
Clung
Agarrarse
Creep
Crept
Crept
Arrastrarse
Deal
Dealt
Dealt
Tratar
Dig
Dug
Dug
Cavar
Do(Does)
Did
Done
Hacer

Draw
Drew
Drawn
Dibujar
Dream
Dreamt/Dreamed
Dreamt/Dreamed
Soar
Drink
Drank
Drunk
Beber
Drive
Drove
Driven
Conducir
Eat
Ate
Eaten

Comer
Fall
Fell
Fallen
Caer
Feed
Fed
Fed
Alimentar
Feel
Felt
Felt
Sentir
Fight
Fought
Fought
Luchar
Find
Found

Found
Encontrar
Flee
Fled
Fled
Huir
Fly
Flew
Flown
Volar
Forbid
Forbade
Forbidden
Prohibir
Forget
Forgot
Forgotten
Olvidar
Forgive

Forgave
Forgiven
Perdonar
Freeze
Froze
Frozen
Helar
Get
Got
Got/Gotten
Obtener
Give
Gave
Given
Dar
Go(Goes)
Went
Gone
Ir

Grow
Grew
Grown
Crecer
Grind
Ground
Ground
Moler
Hang
Hung
Hung
Colgar
Have
Had
Had
HaberoTener
Hear
Heard
Heard

Oir
Hide
Hid
Hidden
Ocultar
Hit
Hit
Hit
Golpear
Hold
Held
Held
AgarrarCelebrar
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Herir
Keep
Kept

Kept
Conservar
Know
Knew
Known
SaberConocer
Kneel
Knelt
Knelt
Arrodillarse
Knit
Knit
Knit
Hacerpunto
Lay
Laid
Laid
Poner
Lead

Led
Led
Conducir
Lean
Leant
Leant
Apoyarse
Leap
Leapt
Leapt
Brincar
Learn
Learnt/Learned
Learnt/Learned
Aprender
Leave
Left
Left
Dejar

Lend
Lent
Lent
Prestar
Let
Let
Let
Permitir
Lie
Lay
Lain
Echarse
Light
Lit
Lit
Encender
Lose
Lost
Lost

Perder
Make
Made
Made
Hacer
Mean
Meant
Meant
Significar
Meet
Met
Met
Encontrar
Mistake
Mistook
Mistaken
Equivocar
Overcome
Overcame

Overcome
Vencer
Pay
Paid
Paid
Pagar
Put
Put
Put
Poner
Read
Read
Read
Leer
Ride
Rode
Ridden
Montar
Ring

Rang
Rung
Llamar
Rise
Rose
Risen
Levantarse
Run
Ran
Run
Correr
Say
Said
Said
Decir
See
Saw
Seen
Ver

Seek
Sought
Sought
Buscar
Sell
Sold
Sold
Vender
Send
Sent
Sent
Enviar
Set
Set
Set
Poner(se)
Sew
Sewed
Sewed/Sewn

Coser
Shake
Shook
Shaken
Sacudir
Shear
Shore
Shorn
Esquilar
Shine
Shone
Shone
Brillar
Shoot
Shot
Shot
Disparar
Show
Showed

Shown
Mostrar
Shrink
Shrank
Shrunk
Encogerse
Shut
Shut
Shut
Cerrar
Sing
Sang
Sung
Cantar
Sink
Sank
Sunk
Hundir
Sit

Sat
Sat
Sentarse
Sleep
Slept
Slept
Dormir
Slide
Slid
Slid
Resbalar
Smell
Smelt
Smelt
Oler
Sow
Sowed
Sowed/Sown
Sembrar

Speak
Spoke
Spoken
Hablar
Speed
Sped
Sped
Acelerar
Spell
Spelt
Spelt
Deletrear
Spend
Spent
Spent
Gastar
Spill
Spilt/Spilled
Spilt/Spilled

Derramar
Spin
Spun
Spun
Hilar
Spit
Spat
Spat
Escupir
Split
Split
Split
Hender/partir/rajar
Spoil
Spoilt/Spoiled
Spoilt/Spoiled
Estropear
Spread
Spread

Spread
Extender
Spring
Sprang
Sprung
Saltar
Stand
Stood
Stood
Estarenpie
Steal
Stole
Stolen
Robar
Stick
Stuck
Stuck
PegarEngomar
Sting

Stung
Stung
Picar
Stink
Stank/Stunk
Stunk
Apestar
Stride
Strode
Stridden
Darzancadas
Strike
Struck
Struck
Golpear
Swear
Swore
Sworn
Jurar

Sweat
Sweat
Sweat
Sudar
Sweep
Swept
Swept
Barrer
Swell
Swelled
Swollen
Hinchar
Swim
Swam
Swum
Nadar
Swing
Swung
Swung

Columpiarse
Take
Took
Taken
Coger
Teach
Taught
Taught
Ensear
Tear
Tore
Torn
Rasgar
Tell
Told
Told
Decir
Think
Thought

Thought
Pensar
Throw
Threw
Thrown
ArrojarTirar
Thrust
Thrust
Thrust
Introducir
Tread
Trod
Trodden
Pisar,hollar
Understand
Understood
Understood
Entender
Undergo

Underwent
Undergone
Sufrir
Undertake
Undertook
Undertaken
Emprender
Wake
Woke
Woken
Despertarse
Wear
Wore
Worn
Llevarpuesto
Weave
Wove
Woven
Tejer

Weep
Wept
Wept
Llorar
Wet
Wet
Wet
Mojar
Win
Won
Won
Ganar
Wind
Wound
Wound
Enrollar
Withdraw
Withdrew
Withdrawn

Retirarse
Wring
Wrung
Wrung
Torcer
Write
Wrote
Written
Escribir
OurFather
Ourfatherwhichartinheaven,
Hallowedbethyname.
Thykingdomcome
Thywillbedoneinearth,asitisinheaven
Giveusthisdayourdailybread.
Andforgiveusourdebts(trespasses),
asweforgiveourdebtors(themthattrespassagainstus)
Andleadusnotintotemptation,
butdeliverusfromevil:Forthine

isthekingdom,andthepower,andtheglory
forandever.Amen
Hail,MotherofGod,fullofgrace!
TheLordiswithyou!
Blessedareyouamongwomen,
andblessedisthefruitofyourwomb,
foryouhavegivenbirthtoChrist,
theSaviorandDelivererofoursouls.
GloryBetotheFather!
GlorybetotheFather,
andtotheSon,
andtotheHolySpirit.
Asitwasinthebeginning,
isnow,andevershallbe,
worldwithoutend.
Amen.
TheApostles'Creed
IbelieveinGod,
theFatherAlmighty,
CreatorofHeavenandearth.

IbelieveinJesusChrist,
HisonlySon,ourLord.
HewasconceivedbythepoweroftheHolySpirit
andwasbornoftheVirginMary.
HesufferedunderPontiusPilate,
wascrucified,died,andwasburied.
Hedescendedtothedead.
OnthethirddayHeroseagain.
HeascendedintoHeaven,
andisseatedattherighthandoftheFather.
Hewillcomeagaintojudgethelivingandthedead.
IbelieveintheHolySpirit,
theHolyCatholicChurch,
theCommunionofSaints,
theforgivenessofsins,
theresurrectionofthebody,
andlifeeverlasting.Amen
LASFRASESCONDICIONALES
Primercondicional/FirstConditional
Indicaquelacondicinesmuyprobablequesecumpla.

<>sintaxis:
<>afirmativa:IF+presentesimple,...+futurosimple
interrogativa:Futurosimple+if+presentesimple?
ejemplos:
IfIworkhard,Iwillpassmyexams.(sitrabajoduro,aprobar
misexmenes)
Ifwedon'thurryup,wewillbelate.(sinonosdamosprisa,
haremostarde)
Whatwillyoudoifyoudon'tgotouniversity?(queharssino
vasalauniversidad?)
Segundocondicional/SecondConditional
<>Usadoencasoshipotticos,quesonsituacionesimaginariaso
pocoposibles.
<>sintaxis:
<>afirmativa:IF+pasadosimple,..+condicionalsimple
(would/could)
ejemplo:
<>IfIstudied,Iwould/couldpass.(siestudiara,aprobarael
examen)
IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldberich.(siganaralalotera,sera
rico)
Tercercondicional/ThirdConditional<>
Indicaunacondicinenelpasadoquenosecumplicomose
esperaba.

sintaxis:
<>afirmativa:IF+pasadoperfecto,..........condicionalperfecto
(wouldhave).
ejemplo:
<>Ifyouhadn'tmadethatmistake,you'dhavepassedyourtest.
(sinohubierascometidoeseerror,habrasaprobadoeltest).
Otroscasos
Existenotrasmanerasdeconstruirfrasescondicionales:
sintaxis1:
<>IF+presentesimple,...presentesimple.
ejemplo:Ifyouheatwater,itboils.(sicalientasagua,hierve)
sintaxis2:<>
IF+presentesimple,...imperativo.
ejemplo:Ifyoudon'tcome,tellittome.(sinovienes,dmelo)
sintaxis3:
<>IF+pasadoperfecto,...condicionalsimple.
ejemplo:<>
Ifyouhadplannedthingsatthestart,wewouldn'tbeinthismess
now.
(situhubierasplaneadolascosasalprincipio,ahoranosotrosno
estaramosenesteenredo).
Anotaciones.

<>Ifywhethernosepuedenutilizarindistintamente.
Whetherintroducecondicionescontrapuestasoqueseexcluyen
mutuamente.
ejemplo:Illtellhim,whetheryouwantornot.(selocontara
l,quierasono).
If...notsignificalomismoqueUnless.
<>ejemplo:
Ican'tseeifIdon'twearglasses.(nopuedoversinollevogafas)
Ican'tseeunlessIwearglasses.(nopuedoversinollevogafas)
tambinsetraduce:amenosque...
Incasetambinindicaprobabilidad,significaencaso,encaso
que,porsi,si.
ejemplo:
<>I'dbetterreserveaseattodayincasethetrainisfull
tomorrow.
(Seramejorquereservaraunasientohoyporsieltrenestlleno
maana)
PHRASALVERBS
I.Existenvariascombinacionesdelos"PhrasalVerbs":
A.Verbo+adverbio:Goaway.
B.Verbo+preposicin:Pickup.
C.Verbo+adverbio+preposicin:Lookforwardto.
D."PhrasalVerb"gerundio:Keeponplaying.
E."PhrasalVerb"infinitivo:Closedowntoavoid.

II.Hay"PhrasalVerbs"quepermitenuncomplementodirecto
(verbostransitivos)yotrosqueno(verbosintransitivos).
A."Giveaway"estransitivo:Giveawaythemoney.
B."Beback"esintransitivo.Thedoctorwillbebackina
minute.
Enalgunasocasionesel"PhrasalVerb"puedesertransitivoo
intransitivo.Estopuederesultarensignificadosdiferentes:
"Takeoff":"Takeoffyourshoes"(transitivo).
"Theplanetookoffatexactly10oclock."(intransitivo).
III.Posicindelcomplementoenlas"PhrasalVerbs"quese
puedenseparar:
Sielcomplementoesunnombreporreglageneralestevadetrs
del"PhrasalVerb"oentrelasdospalabrasdel"PhrasalVerb":
A.Thefiremenpickedup(theinjuredpeople).Thefiremen
picked(theinjuredpeople)up.
B.Sielcomplementoesmuylargoentoncessecolocadetrsdel
"PhrasalVerb":
1.Thefiremenpickedup(theinjuredpeoplewhowere
insidetheburninghouse).
C.Sielcomplementoesunpronombre,porreglageneralse
colocaentrelasdospalabrasdel
"PhrasalVerb":1.Thefiremenpicked(them)up.
D.Siel"PhrasalVerb"esdetrespalabras,elcomplementose
colocaentrelasprimerasdos
palabras.Thehealthofficialsburned(theclothes)downto
avoidthespreadofdecease.
ACCOUNTFOR(T):Explicarsatisfactoriamenteunaaccino
contabilidad.
ANSWER___BACK(I):Responderaalguien(conimpertinencia).

ASKAFTER(I):Preguntarpornuevasdealguien.
ASK___FOR(T):Pediralgo.
BACKAWAY(I):Moversehaciaatrs(porencontrarseconalgo
peligrosoo
desagradable).
BACK___OUTOF(I):Retractarsedealgopreviamenteacordadoo
prometido.
BACK___UP(T):Apoyaraalguienmoralmenteoconpalabras.
Tenerobjetoocosacomoreemplazoorepuesto.
BEAWAY(T):Estarlejos(especialmentedecasaodelafamilia).
BEAFTER(I):Perseguiralgo.
BEBACK(I):Regresardealgnviajeocortaausencia.
BEOVER(I):Terminado,acabado.
BEUP(I):Estarfueradelacama.
BLOW___OUT(T):Apagarunallamasoplando.Cuandoun
neumticorevienta.
BLOW___UP(Ambos):Destruirporexplosin.Llenarconaire,
explotar.
BREAK___DOWN(Ambos):Subdividireltotaldealgoensub
grupos.Destruiralgousandolafuerza.Perderlacompostura,como
romperalloraroteneruncolapsoemocional.Cuandolasaludse
deteriora.Cuandounamquinadejadefuncionarporrazones
mecnicas.
Cuandolasnegociacionesentredosbandosseabandonan
poralgunarazn.
BREAKIN(I)/INTO(T):Entrarenalgnlugarporlafuerza.
Interrumpirunaconversacinabruptamente.Domaruncaballoo
animalsalvaje.
BREAK___OFF(ambas):Separarse.
BREAK___OUT(T):Elcomienzodealgodestructivoonegativo
comoguerras,epidemias,etc.

Escaparsedeunaprisin.
BREAK___UP(ambas):Desintegrar.Separarse(matrimonioo
noviazgo).
BRING___UP(ambas):Revivirunapersonainconsciente.Criar,
educardurantelainfanciaoadolescencia.Mencionarcomoenuna
discusin.Vomitar(tambinTHROWUP).
CALL___OFF(T):Cancelaralgoqueestaplaneadoperoquenoha
comenzado.
CALL___UP(T):Llamadaalserviciomilitar.
CARRYON(I):Continuar(especialmentetrabajouobligacin).
CARRY___OUT(I):Ejecutarunaaccin,obligacin,deber,etc.
Obedecerrdeneso
instruccionesollevaracaboamenazas.
CLOSE__DOWN(ambas):Cerrar(unnegocio)permanentemente.
CLOSEIN(I):Rodear(alenemigo).
CLOSE___UP(ambas):Acercarse,cerrarfilas.
CHECK___IN(T):Presentartuequipajeobilleteenelaeropuerto,
etc.
CHECK___OUT(T):Opuestode"CHECKIN",Corroborardeque
todoestaenorden.
CHECK___UP(T):Estarsegurodequetodoestaenorden,
inspeccionar.
CLEAR___UP(ambas):Despejar(eltiempo),Ponerenorden,
limpiar.
COMEABOUT(I):Quesucedeoserealiza.
COMEACROSS(T):Encontraralgooaalguien.
COMEANDGO(I):Transitorio,Hacervisitascortas.
COMEAPART(I):Romperseenpedazos,Desintegrarse.
COMEBACK(I):Pasarporalgnlugar.Regresar,Recordar,
Popularoalamodadenuevo.
COMEBETWEEN(I).Interferirenunarelacin.

COMEDOWN(I):Bajardealgnlugar.Reducirelprecio.Perder
posicinoprestigio.
COMEFORWARD(I).Aparecer.Presentarsevoluntariamente.
COMEOFF(I):Soltarse,desprenderseunaparte.Haberlohecho
conxito.
COMEOUT(I):Aparecer(sol,flores,etc.).Salirdealgnlugar.
COMEUPAGAINST(T):Afrontaroencontrarseconunobstculo.
COMEUPWITH(I):Producir,Encontrar.
COUNT___IN(I):Incluir.Dejarsaberquesepuedecontarcon
uno.
COUNTON(T).Dependerdealgooalguien.
COUNT___OUT(I):OpuestodeCOUNTIN.
COUNT___UP(T):Aadir,sumar.
CROSS___OUT(T):Tachar.
CUT___DOWN(T):Cortarunrbol.Reducirentamaoocantidad.
CUTDOWNON(T):Reducirgastos.
CUT___OFF(T):Desconectar,discontinuar(agua,electricidad,gas,
etc.)Interrumpir
especialmentecomunicaciones(telfono,etc.)Aislarauna
personaolugar.
CUT___OUT(T):Cortardeunpedazodetela,papel,etc.,un
pedazomaspequeo.
Omitir,noincluir.
CUT___UP(T):Dividirenpartesopartirenpedazosmaspequeos.
DOAWAYWITH(T):Abolir.
DO...UP(T):Redecorar.
DOWITHOUT(T):Prescindirdealgooalguien.
DOOUTOF(T):Robar,evitarquealguienoalgoposeaunacosa
DEALWITH(I):Negociar,Tratar,Afrontar.
DRAWBACK(I):Retirarse,Abandonar,Inconveniencia.
DRAW___OUT(T):Sacardinerodelbancooinstitucinsimilar.

DRAWUP(I):Producirunplanescrito.Detenerse(Unvehculoen
elarcn).
DROPIN/ON(I):Visitarsinprevioaviso.
DROPOUT(I):Retirarsedealgoplaneado.
FACEUPTO(T):Confrontarproblemas.
FALLDOWN(I):Caer.
FALLFOR(I):Serengaadoporalgo.Estarfuertementeatrado
poralguien.
FALLIN(I):Formar(enelejrcito).Desplomarse(techo).
(___LOVE)enamorarse
FALLON(T):Caer(Misantocaeenmartes.)
FALLINWITH(T):Estardeacuerdoycooperarconelplande
alguien.
FALLOFF(I):Desprenderse,caerse.Disminuirencantidad.
FALLOUT(I):OpuestodeFALLIN.Tenerunadiscusin,reir.
Laspartculasquecaendespusdeunaexplosin.(Especialmente
atmica).
FALLTHROUGH(I):Fracasar,quedarennada.
GET___ACROSS(T):Hacerseentender.
GETALONG(I):Llevarsebien.
GETAROUND(I):Viajarextensivamente,Irdeunlugaraotro,
Podermoverseoandarespecialmentedespusdeenfermedad),
Circularnoticias(Especialmenteoral).
GETAROUNDTO(I):Afrontarunasituacin,problemau
obligacinasudebidotiempo.
GETAWAY(I):Escaparse.
GETBACK(ambos):Recuperarunaposesin.Regresaraunlugar,
unaconversacinoasunto.
GETBACKAT(I):Regresaraalgopreviamenteinterrumpido.
GET___DOWN(ambos):Bajarsedealgnlugar.Agacharse,
echarsealsuelobruscamente.Tomarnotadealgo.Estardeprimido,

triste.
GETEVEN(I):Vengarse.
GETHOLDOF(I):Agarrar,Contactarconunapersona..
GETIN(I):Entrar.
GETINTO(I):Interesarse.Entrar(enautobs,etc.).
GETINTOUCH(I):Mantenerseencontacto.
GETOFF(I):Bajarse(deautobs,etc.),Recibirpocooningn
castigo.
GETON(I):Progresar.Subirseen(autobs,etc.).
GETTHROUGH(I):Aprobarunexamen.Contactarportelfono.
Hacerseentender.
GIVE___AWAY(T):Daralgosinrecibirnadaacambio.Revelarse,
descubrirse.Delataraalguien.
GIVE___BACK(T):Devolverunobjetoocosa.
GIVE___OUT(T):Anunciarverbalmente.Distribuir,daralgo
gratis.
GIVE___UP(ambos):Desistirdehaceralgo.Dejardehaceralgo
(fumar,beber,jugar,etc.).
GOAHEAD(I):Proceder,continuar,irdelante.
GOAWAY(I):Retirarse,irselejos.
GOBACK(I):Regresarallugardeorigen.
GOFOR(T):Atacar.
GOOFF(I):Explotar.Tenerxito(ocasionessociales).
GOOUT(I):Salir(delacasa).Extinguir(fuego).Desaparecer
(Fuerademoda).
GOOVER(T):Examinar.Repetir.Estudiar.
GOTHROUGH(T):Examinarcuidadosamente.Sufrir,soportar.
GOUP(I):Subir.Aumento(precio).Explotar.
GOWITH(I):Hacejuegocon...
HAND___DOWN(T):Pasarposesiones,tradicionesoinformacin.
HAND___IN(T):Entregaralgoaalguien.Presentaralgooficial

personalmente.
HAND___OUT(T):Distribuir.
HAND___OVER(ambas):Pasarautoridadoresponsabilidadaotra
persona.Recapitular.
HANGABOUTAROUND(I):Esperarenalgnlugar,Hacer
nada,Holgazanear.
HANGBACK(I):Vacilar,demostrarpocosdeseosdereaccionar..
HANGON(I):Esperar.
HANGONTO(T):Agarrarseaalgo.
HANG___UP(T):Colocarelauriculardeltelfonoensulugar
(colgar).
HOLDON(I):Esperar.
HOLDONTO(T):Sujetaralgoynodejarquesevaya.
HOLD_____UP(T):Robaramanoarmada.Sujetarenalto.
JOININ(I):Unirse.
JOINUP(I):Alistarseenelejrcito.
KEEPBACK(ambos):Mantenersealejadodealgnpeligro.
Impedirquealguienoalgoavance.
KEEPOFF(ambas):Mantenersealejadodealgnlugar.
KEEPON(T):Continuar.Haceralgomsdeunavez.
KEEPOUT(ambos):Mantenersefueradealgnlugar
KEEP___UP(T):Mantenerunesfuerzo.Nopermitirquecaigao
termine.
KEEPUPWITH(T):Mantenersealamismavelocidad,pasoo
progreso.
LIVEON(T):Mantenersepormediodealimentos.
LIVETHROUGH(T):Viviruntiempodifcil.
LIVEUPTO(T):Mantenerciertoestndar(moral,econmicoode
conducta).Actuarcomohadeesperarsedeunapersonaqueposea
cargo,rangoottulo.
LOOKAFTER(T):Cuidar.

LOOKAROUND(I):Mirar,examinarunlugar.
LOOKAT(T):Mirarconatencinaalgooaalguien.
LOOKBACK(I):Considerarelpasado.Miraratuespalda.
LOOKFOR(T):Buscar.
LOOKFORWARDTO(T):Anticiparconagrado.
LOOKIN(I):Hacerunacortaeinesperadavisita.
LOOKINTO(T):Investigar.
LOOKOUTFOR(T):Cuidar.
LOOK___THROUGH(T):Examinarunnmerodecosaspara
seleccionaralgunas.Buscarpor
algunainformacin.Pasarlaspginasdeunlibro,revista,
etc.
LOOK___UP(T):Buscarunadireccin,palabraonumerode
telfono,etc.
LOOKUPTO(T):Respetar.
LOOKDOWNON(T):Despreciar.
MAKEFOR(T):Irhaciaunpuntoolugar.
MAKE___OUT(T):Descubrirelsignificadodealgo,ver,escuchar
uoralgoconclaridad.Inventarsealgofalsooconexageracin.
Escribiruntaln.
MAKE___UP(ambos):Maquillaje.(ONE"SMIND)llegarauna
decisin.(ASTORY,
EXCUSE)inventarseuna(historiaoexcusa).Componer,
unirlo,hacerlo.
MAKEUPFOR(T):Compensarporalgo.
MISS___OUT(T):Desaprovecharlaoportunidaddehaceralgo.
MIXUP(T):Confusin.
MOVEIN(I):Mudarseaunavivienda.
MOVEOUT(I):OpuestodeMOVEIN.
BE/GETMIXEDUPWITH(T):Meterseen(generalmenteen
asuntosclandestinos,fueradelaleyoconpersonasonegociosde

pocareputacin).
PASSAWAY(I):Morir
PASSOUT(I):Perderelconocimiento.
PULL___DOWN(T):Demoler.
PULL___IN/UP(I):Parar(vehculo)enarcnolugarapropiado.
PULL____OUT(I):Sacar.Salirsedeunacolaparapasar(coche).
PULL____OVER(T):Detenerse(Unvehculoenelarcn).
PULL____TOGETHER(T):Trabajarenarmona.Recobrar
compostura.Recuperarsedeundaorecibido.
PUT___ASIDE(T):Ahorrarparaelfuturo.Apartarenunlugar.
PUT___AWAY(T):Guardar(especialmenteencajones,armarios).
PUT___BACK(T):Poneralgoensusitiocorrespondiente.Atrasar
lasmanecillasdelreloj.
PUT___FORWARD(I):Sugerir,Proponer,Adelantar(las
manecillasdelreloj),Ponerenposicinprominente.
PUTINFOR(T):Hacerunaaplicacinparauntrabajo.
PUT___OFF(T):Posponer.Disuadir.
PUT___ON(T):Ponerseropa,joyas,gafas,etc.,.Vestirse.
Encenderunaluz,radio,etc.
PUT___OUT(T):Extinguirfuego.Apagarradio,lmpara,etc.
PUT____THROUGH(T):Conectarapersonasatravsdeltelfono.
PUT___UP(T):Elevarelpreciodeunacosa.Erigirunaestatua,un
monumentooedificio.Daralberguetemporeroaalguien.Soportar
oaguantaraalguien.
READ___OUT(T):Leerenvozalta.Informacinextradadeun
ordenador.
RING___UP(ambos):Telefonear.
RING___BACK(T):Retornarllamadaovolverallamarpor
telfono.
RINGOFF(I):Terminarunaconversacintelefnicaenganchando
elauricular.

RUB___OUT(T):Borrartextocongomadeborrar.Hacer
desaparecer.
RUNAFTER(T):Perseguir.
RUNAWAY(I):Escaparse.
RUNDOWN(T):Hablarmaldealguien.Debilitarse.Estarsin
carga(pilas,etc.).
RUNINTO(T):Colisionarconalgo.,(ACROSS)encontrarsecona
alguienaccidentalmente.
RUNOFFWITH(T):Cogeralgoquenoteperteneceyescaparte.
RUNOUTOF(T):Quedarsesinalgoporhaberloconsumido.
RUNOVER(T):Golpearoderribaraalguienoalgoypasarlepor
encima.Revisarovolveraejecutaralgo.Desbordarseunlquido.
SEEABOUT(T):Indagaroconcertaralgo.
SEE___OFF(I):Acompaaraunviajeroasupuntodepartida.
SEETHROUGH(T):Descubrirunatramaparaengaar.
SENDFOR(T):Citar,requerimiento.
SEND___IN(T):Presentaralgoaalguienoficialmente.
SEND___OFF(T):Enviarporcorreo.
SEND___ON(T):Hacerseguir(especialmentecorrespondencia)a
alguiendesplazadodesulugarhabitual.
SET___BACK(T):Detenerprogreso,obstaculizar,entorpecer.
SET___OFF/OUT(T):Comenzarunlargoviaje.
SET___UP(T):Establecerunrcord.Comenzarunnegocio.
Organizaroestableceralgo.
SHOW___IN(T):Hacerpasaraalguien.
SHOW___OFF(ambas):Hacergalade___,jactarse,fanfarronear.
SITBACK(I):Relajarse,notrabajaroparticipar.
SITFOR(T):Cogerunexamen.
STANDBACK(I):Noacercarte.
STANDBY(T):Apoyaryayudaraalguien.Nocambiarlodicho.
Esperar.

STANDFOR(T):Representaraalguien.Significa.Defender.
STANDINFOR(T):Actuarcomosubstituto.
STANDOUT(I):Destacar.
STANDUPFOR(T):Defendertusprincipios,etc.verbalmente.
STANDUPTO(T):Resistirodefendersecontraotrapersonao
fuerza.
STICKAROUND(I):Esperar,merodear.
STICKOUT(I):Sobresalir.Insistirhastaobtenerloquesequiere.
STICKTO(T):Nocambiar,mantenerse.
STOPOFF/AT(T):Hacerunapausaenelviaje.
STOPOVER(T):Pasarlanocheenunlugar.
TAKEAFTER(T):Pareceraalguien.
TAKEAWAY(T):Quitar,restar.
TAKE___BACK(T):Retornarunobjetoocosa.Retractarlodicho.
TAKE___DOWN(T):Tomarnotaapuntes,escribir.Bajaralgn
objeto.
TAKE___IN(T):Engaar.Absorber,Entender.Daralbergue.
TAKE___OFF(ambos):Remover,Quitarselaropa,prendas,etc.
Despegar(cualquiernavearea).
TAKE___ON(T):Emprenderoaceptar(untrabajo,
responsabilidad).Contratarempleados.Aceptarcomooponente.
TAKEOVER(ambos):Tomarelcontroloasumirla
responsabilidaddealgo.
TAKETO(T):Comenzarunhbito.Encontraragradable.Buscar
refugio,seguridad.
TAKE___UP(T):Comenzarunhobby.Ocuparposicinoespacio.
THINKOF(T):Tenerunaopininde___,Recordar.
THINK____OVER(T):Considerar.
TIE____UP(T):Maniataraalguien.
TROW___OUT/AWAY(T):Deshacersedealgo(especialmente
basura).

TRY___ON(T):Ponerse(probarse)unaprendaderopa.
TRY___OUT(T):Comprobarsifunciona.Hacerpruebas.
TURN___AWAY(T):Denegarentrada.
TURNBACK(I):Regresaralpuntodepartida.
TURN___DOWN(T)Rehusarunaofertatrabajoetc.Bajarde
nivel,volumen,intensidad.
TURNINTO(T):Convertirse.
TURNIN:Irsealacama(marineros,campistas,etc.).
TURN___ON/OFF(T):Encenderoapagara1go.
TURN___OUT(T):Salirbien.Producir.Vaciar(bolso).
TURN___OVER:Volver.Pasarunapgina,etc.Volcar.Revo1ver.
Rendir.Entregar.
TURNUP(I):Aparecer.
WALKOUT(I):Abandonarunlugaroreunindisgustado.
WASH___UP(ambas):Lavarse.Lavarplatos,ropaoparecidos
WATCHOUT(I):Cuidado!
WEARAWAY(I):Desgastar.Suavizarpordesgaste.
WEAROFF(I):Desaparecergradualmente.
WEAROUT(ambas):Usaralgohastahacerloinservible.Cansar,
agotar.
WIPEOUT(T):Destruircompletamente.
WORKOUT(T):Encontrarporclculooestudiolasolucinaun
problema.Explotarun
recurso.Funcionar.Hacerunaseriedeejerciciosfsicos.
Lograrpormediodetrabajo,
esfuerzo.Formularopreparar(unplan).
WRAP___UP(T):Envolverunobjeto.Resumir.
WRITEDOWN:Anotar.Apuntar
ADJETIVOSYPRONOMBRES
some,algn,alguna,algunos,algunas

someone,alguien
anyone,alguien
all,todos,todas
each,cadauno,cadauna
every,cada
either,algn,alguna,cualquiera(delos/lasdos)
any,algn,alguna,algunos,algunas
others,otros,otras
many,muchos,muchas
few,pocos,pocas
both,ambos,ambas
another,otro,otra
neither,ningn,ninguno,ninguna
enough,suficiente
1.Generalmenteelartculoindeterminadoa,anhaceeloficiode
adjetivoindefinido.
2.Someseutilizaenfrasespositivasyany,enfrasesnegativase
interrogativas.
3.Conrespectoaladjetivonodebetenerseencuentaqueeningls
lasfrasesnegativaspuedanejercerlanegacintantoenelverbo
comoenelcomplemento:
Ihavenotanyfriends,yonotengoamigoalguno;
Ihavenofriends,yo(no)tengoningnamigo.