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ISHO Training

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

Contents
Introduction
Compressed mode case
ISHO Parameters optimisation
ISHO Signalling Steps

NOKIA

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Company Confidential

Measurement triggering in WCDMA


All together five different quality and/or coverage based triggers
specified:

GSM handover caused by CPICH Ec/No


GSM handover caused by CPICH RSCP
GSM handover caused by Ue Tx power
GSM handover caused by DL DPCH power
measurement)
GSM handover caused by UL DCH quality
control)

(event 1F)
(event 1F)
(event 6A)
(NodeB radio link
(UL outer loop power

If two or more of the above indicated quality and/or coverage causes are
present simultaneously, the handover cause which has triggered first has
the highest priority.
RNC shall determine priorities between inter-frequency and inter-RAT
handovers on the basis of Service Handover IE received from the CN.

NOKIA

Should be handed over to GSM:


ISHO > IFHO
Should not be handed over to GSM: ISHO < IFHO
Shall not be handed over to GSM:
ISHO < IFHO

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WCDMA compressed mode methods


#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#TG P R C

TG pattern 1

TG pattern 2

TG pattern 1

TG pattern 2

TG pattern 1

TG pattern 2

TG pattern 1

TG pattern 2

Transm ission
Transm ission

Transm ission

Transm ission

gap 1

gap 2

gap 1

TG S N

TG S N
TG L1

TG L1

TG L2
TG D

TG L2
TG D

TG P L1

gap 2

TG P L2

TGPL1 = 4 frames

(Transmission Gap Pattern Length)

TGPL2 = 0

TGPL2 identical with TGPL1, in RAN1.5

TGL = 7

transmission gap lenght in slots, in RAN1.5

TGD = 0

gap distance, in RAN1.5 => only one gap per TGP

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WCDMA compressed mode methods


Higher Layer Scheduling (HLS)
Used both in UL and DL
In RAN1.5 only for NRT PS data
Doesnt cause extra load
Reduces DCH user data changing the TFCSs
HLS and HLS data rates possible
Puncturing
DL only
Implemented in RAN1.5 but no plans to test
Halving the Spreading Factor (SF/2)
Used both in UL and DL
Doubles temporarily the physical channel data rate
Done if new channelisation code is available from the code tree in DL OR
alternative scrambling codes are used (parameter: AltScramblingCodeCM)
Limited CM strategy in RAN1.5:
AMR 12.2 kbit/s
TGL = 7 slots
PhysicalChannelReconfiguration used in RRC
5

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WCDMA compressed mode methods


Puncturing (Double Frame):

Punctured frames
10 ms

.
CM on

Normal frames

Gaps

CM off

Higher layer scheduling (Double Frame):


Gaps

DTX
CM on

New TFCS constructed

TFCS original

CM off

Halving the spreading factor (Single Frame):


Gaps

CM on

SF/2

Original SF

Example of compressed mode methods in downlink


6

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CM
off

WCDMA compressed mode methods


P

Higher layer scheduling (Double Frame):


Gaps

CM on

New TFCS constructed

TFCS original

CM off

Halving the spreading factor (Single Frame):


Gaps

CM on

SF/2

Original SF

Example of compressed mode methods in uplink

NOKIA

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Company Confidential

CM
off

Contents
Introduction
Compressed mode case
ISHO Parameters Optimisation
ISHO Signalling Steps

NOKIA

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Company Confidential

Compressed mode parameters


Compressed mode parameters for IS-HO (RSSI& BSIC measurements):
TGSN: 4 slots
TGL1(2)= 7 slots
TGPL1(2)= 4 frames
Tgd= undefined (one gap per TGP)

7 slots
gap

1 Frame

1 Frame

TGPL1(TGPL2)

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1 Frame

1 Frame

Measurement description
Measurements uner Kutoja-2 cell (sc=201)
Two routes: Route 1 (LOS) and Route 2 (NLOS) were followed. Average speed= 40kph
For each route: three measurements without CM and three measurements with CM
were done.
IS-HO triggers were set to high thresholds to keep the PC inside the dynamic range.

Route 2

Route 1

10

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UL Power control during compressed mode


Ue Tx Power ([dBm])

TGPL format as expected

UE Tx power in Compressed mode


BLER was kept to BLER target (1%)

11

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UL Power control during compressed mode


UL SIR
Average SIR obtained in each route during compressed mode:
-Route1 (LOS) : SIR rises 0.7 dB compared to NO CM
-Route2 (NLOS): SIR rises 1.2 dB compared to NO CM
Average SIR variation during CM is bigger in NLOS

Average SIR [dB]

Average SIR variation with compressed


mode (CM)
6.50
4.50

4.29

4.95

4.59
3.44
Without CM

2.50

With CM

0.50
-1.50

Route1

Route2
Route

12

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UL Power control during compressed mode


UE Tx power

Sapo

13

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The measurements were done


using one link only (no SHO)
Average speed was 30 Kmph
ISHO parameters
CPICH EcNo threshold = -7dB
CM duration time was forced to
last to 20 seconds approx.
Measurement description
Three measurements were done
without CM (ISHO
triggers disactivated)
Three measurements were done
with CM.

Company Confidential

UL Power control during compressed mode


UE Tx power

with CM

The UE Tx power during CM was


compared with the UE Tx power with
CM disabled in 4 different zones
along the route (see below figure)
In average, the UE transmits 1.3 dB
higher in compressed mode than
with CM disabled.
Note: This result is for single link CM
Average UE Tx power with CM and without CM

10
4.1

3.0

UE Tx pow er in CM

-5

-10
-15

-10.5 -11.0

-20

without CM
14

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-13.6
-17.1

-3.0 3-3.3

4
UE Tx power
without CM

UE Tx Power in CM+SHO

sc=105

Telekara
sc=106

15

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A special configuration was used to


create the scenario for
simultaneous CM and SHO
processes.
ISHO parameters
CPICH EcNo threshold = -5dB
CM duration time was forced to last
20 seconds approx.
SHO parameters
Addition window= 4 dB
Deletion window= 9 dB
Deletion time= 5 seconds

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UE Tx Power in CM+SHO
SHO (CM disabled)

Active set size=2

Start of SHO

SHO+CM

Active set size=1

Active set size=2

End of SHO

Start of CM

16

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Active set size=1

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End of CM

UE Tx Power in CM+SHO: Results


The UE Tx power during CM+SHO was
compared with the UE Tx power with
SHO only.
The UE Tx power was averaged over
100 meters
In average, the UE transmits 0.6 dB
higher in SHO only than in SHO+CM !?

-16.2
1
-16.4
-16.51

-16.6

No CM

-16.8
-17
-17.2

17

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CM

-17.1

Downlink Power Control during compressed mode


DL DCH Threshold=-8 dB

First CM starts at DL
DCH power=27.5
dBm approx

18

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Inter-System handover delay


Following data were obtained in Espoo NTN network and OPI network
(BSIC delay only):

Activation time (from event-trigger to measurement control for RSSI


measurements): 0.94s

RSSI delay: 1.13 s

BSIC delay:

Espoo: [6 3 1.5 1.14 1 0.9 1.1] seconds: =>average 2.09 s


OPI network : [2.2 1.73 1.69 2.68] seconds=> average=2 s

Handover message: 200 ms

Total ISHO delay (in the 3G side): = 4.3 s

19

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Contents
Introduction
Compressed mode case
ISHO Parameters Optimisation
ISHO Signalling Steps

20

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ISHO Parameters
CPICH RSCP (Event 1F)
Thresholds:
HHoRscpThreshold
HHoRscpCancel
L3 filter: HHoRscpFilterCoefficient
Timers:
HHoRscpTimeHysteresis
HHoRscpCancelTime
UE Tx Power (Event 6A)
Threshold:
GsmUETxPwrThrXX
L3 filter:
GsmUETxPwrFilterCoeff
Hysteresis margin:
GsmUETxPwrTimeHyst
Data rate threshold
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL
(XX=AMR,CS,NrtPS,RtPS)

DL DPCH power
Threshold:
GsmDLTxPwrThrXX
Data rate threshold
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateDL

GSM measurement reporting


GsmMeasRepInterval
GsmNcellSearchPeriod
GsmMinMeasInterval
GsmMaxMeasPeriod

CPICH Ec/Io (Event 1F)


Thresholds:
HHoEcNoThreshold
HHoEcNoCancel
L3 filter:
EcNofilterCoefficient
Timers:
HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis
HHoEcNoCancelTime
UL Quality

Timer:
ULQualDetRepThreshold
Data rate threshold
HHOMAxAllowedBitrateUL

Handover Triggering
Decision Algorithm
AdjgTxPwrMaxTCH
AdjgRxLevMinHO (n)
GsmMeasAveWindow

Handover Execution

2G-to-3G back prevention


GsmMinHoInterval

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Measurement triggering: events 1E and 1F


Event is send in RRC: Measurement report
message to RNC

RNC

CPICH Ec/No or RSCP

HHoRscpFilterCoefficient =200 ms
EcNoFilterCoefficient =600 ms
Before measurement report is send,
Default 200 ms

No Reporting
after this, 1E

Reporting
starts here, 1F

HHoRscpCancel =-102 dBm


HHoEcNoCancel =-9 dB

Serving
WCDMA
cell

HHoRscpThreshold=-105 dBm
HHoEcNoThreshold=-12 dB

HHoRscpTimeHysteresis=100ms
HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis=100 ms,
default 640 ms

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HHoRscpCancelTime &
HHoEcNoCancelTime
1280 ms=default

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time

Reporting Events 6A, 6B and 6D


Event is send in RRC: Measurement report
message to RNC

RNC

UE Tx Power

GSMUETxPwrFilterCoeff=480 ms
Before measurement report is send
Default 200 ms
UE is using max

Power, reporting
continues, 6D

UE Tx Power greater than


the threshold, reporting
starts here, 6A

Serving
WCDMA
cell
UE Tx Power less than
the threshold =>
reporting stops here, 6B

UE Tx Power =
P_Max = 21 dBm

UE Tx Power Threshold,
range 11-21 dBm
default max 5 dB

GsmUETxPwrTimeHyst

100 ms, default 1280 ms


23

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time

Filter & Hysteresis Parameters


According to the specifications the accuracy for the Ec/No is 3 times better
than for the RSCP:
RSCP +-6 dB, Ec/No +-2 dB
longer filtering time needed for Ec/No
Optimized set for EcNoFilterCoefficient was found to be 600 ms during SHO
measurements
In the CELL_DCH state the measurement period for intra frequency
measurements is 200 ms
With longer timehysteresis more samples could be get before
measurement report is send to RNC:
HHoRscpTimeHysteresis, HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis,GsmUETxPwrTimeHyst
100 ms used due to fast reaction to network to maintain the
connection

24

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DL measurement Threshold &Parameters (AMR)


DL_code_PWR -PowerOffsetDLdpcchPilot > CPICH Pwr + MAX_DL_DPCH_TXPWR +
DL_TPCH_TXPWR_Threshold
PowerOffsetDLdpcchPilot : 3 dB
MAX_DL_DPCH_TXPWR: 2 dB (same parameter than CPICHtoRefRabOffset)
DL_TPCH_TXPWR_Threshold for AMR: GSMDLTxPwrThrAMR: -1(-10 dB..0, step 0.5 dB)

BTS Tx Power

BTS

HO measurements in case of
DL code power -3 dB 33dBm +2dB-1dB
=> DL code Power 37 dBm

"Radio Link Measurement report


message is send from BTS to RNC
RNC
or "Dedicated measurement
report" in case of Inter-RNC soft HO
from drifting RNC to serving RNC

PtxDPCHMax

Default= 40 dBm
Serving
WCDMA cell

IF measurements
by UE in CM
starts here
time

25

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Measurement triggering: UL Quality


RNC starts inter-frequency measurements based on outer-loop power control
reports.
Outer-loop PC sends a quality deterioration report when the BER/BLER target
has not been reached for RNC: ULQualDetRepThreshold/2 s, 0.5..5, step 0.5s
Periodic report, while BLER/BLER target is not reached.
Reports from Outer-loop Power Control Controller depends on RNC:
EnableULQualDetRep/1, default 0=no, 1=yes
This should be
on, default off

1st Quality deterioration report from PC to HC inside RNC


Target SIR

2nd Quality deterioration report (if the condition is still


satisfied the message is periodically repeated)
Actual SIR target

Max SIR target

Period 5s

Faster reporting needed for


successful connection-> 2 s

Min SIR target


t

ULQualDetRepThreshold+ all Target SIR modification command are : SIR >0

26

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Inter-System measurements
After HO triggering message is sent to RNC, a RRC message Measurement
Control is sent to UE containing details of the measurement that the UE
must execute
Upon reception of the measurements reported by the UE, RNC applies a
sliding averaging window to the RXLEV measurements.
No filtering in UE,
Periodic reporting,
max 6 cells reported,

GsmMeasRepInterval 0.5s

RNC

UE
RRC: Measurement report
RRC: Measurement report

The first measurement report


has info from the best GSM cell:
BCCH freq & RSSI, no filtering
used in UE
RXLEV measurements are reported through
Measurement report messages

Inter-system measurement stops if RNC has not been able to perform inter-system
handover after GSMMaxMeasPeriod (value 10, default =20, 120, step 1 meas
report)
RNC could not initiate inter-system measurements if:
The UE has recently performed an inter-system HO: GSMMinHoInterval / 10s,
060, step 1s
An inter-system HO recently fails for this UE: GSMMinMeasInterval / 10s,
060, step 1s
27

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Inter-System measurements
GsmMaxMeasPeriod (default=11s) parameter controls the CM duration
time for GSM RSSI&BSIC decoding measurements.
Based on several ISHO tests in the field, the following figures were
obtained (GsmNcellSearchPeriod=0):
Average RSSI: 1.13 seconds
Average BSIC decoding time: 1.14 seconds (Espoo Network), 2.1
seconds (OPI Network)
Thus, CM maximum duration time seems to be quite long and in some
cases does not allow the UE to find select other target cells.
GsmMaxMeasPeriod=6s is currently used in the field.

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Inter-System measurements
GsmMinMeasInterval (default=10s) tells the time needed to allow repeat
ISHO in case there has been fail.
Cancelation threshold
Trigger threshold

GSM
measurements

6s

10 s
Unsucessful ISHO

In case ISHO cancellation event does not occur, and the mobile is leaving
clearly the 3G boundary, then there is a death time=16 seconds where the
UE is not able to attempt new GSM measurements in case of an
unsuccessful ISHO.
Experience in the field has shown us that the probability of the triggering
of the cancellation events (event 1B,1E) is very low, thus, it is proposed to
reduce the GsmMinMeasInterval to a 2 seconds.
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Inter-System Handover Decision


Ho cause example : CPICH RSCP
Decision is based on reported GSM carrier averaged (sliding window) RSSI
AVE_RXLEV_NCell(n) > AdjgRxLevMinHO +
Max (0, GSMncellTxPwrMaxTCH - P_max)
GSMMeasAveWindow / 6, 132 meas report
RSCP, RXLEV
Serving cell,
Carrier 1

Inter-system HO could be forbidden during the first measurements


reports from the UE, to let the UE report all the candidate inter-system
cells in its neighbourhood.
NcellSearchPeriod / 0, (020 meas report)
Best neighbour GSM
cell, measured as RSSI

HHoRSCPThreshold:
-105 dBm =>Start of
measurements in CM
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AdjgMinRxLevMinHO:
>=-102 dBm => Handover
Should happen to good GSM cell

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time

Cell reselection to WCDMA


Check levels from
serving GSM cell

GSM
GSMMS
MSstarts
startsWCDMA
WCDMAmeasurements
measurementsinincase
case
running
average
signal
(RLA_C)
level
is
below
or
running average signal (RLA_C) level is below orabove
above
certain
threshold:
certain threshold:
RLA_C<
RLA_C<F(Qsearch_I)
F(Qsearch_I) for
for 0<Qsearch_I<=7
0<Qsearch_I<=7
oror
RLA_C>
RLA_C>F(Qsearch_I)
F(Qsearch_I) for
for 7<Qsearch_I<=15
7<Qsearch_I<=15

RLA_C means running average


signal level which could be
compared to received signal
code power RSCP
Qsearch_I
0

Compare levels
of all GSM cells
to WCDMA
neighbour

GSM
GSMMS
MScan
canselect
selectWCDMA
WCDMAcell
cellifif the
thelevel
levelofof
the
theserving
servingGSM
GSMand
andnon-serving
non-servingGSM
GSMcells
cellshas
hasbeen
been
exceeded
exceededcertain
certainoffset
offsetfor
foraaperiod
periodofof55s:s:
CPICH
CPICHRSCP
RSCP>> RLA_C
RLA_C++FDD_Qoffset
FDD_Qoffset(Non
(NonGPRS)
GPRS)

Check quality
of neighbour
WCDMA cells, no
priorities between
WCDMA
neighbours

31

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MS
MSwill
willre-select
re-selectWCDMA
WCDMAcell
cellinincase
caseit's
it's
quality
qualityisisacceptable:
acceptable:
CPICH
CPICHEc/No
Ec/NoFDD_Qmin
FDD_Qmin
This
shall
be
done
This shall be donewithin
within30
30ss

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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

F(Qsearch_I )
-98
-94
-90
-86
-82
-78
-74
(always)

-78
-74
-70
-66
-62
-58
-54
(never).

Nokia Strategy :Reselect to good WCDMA cell


RSCP/
RLA_C

Ec/No

Cell Reselection
to WCMDA
Serving GSM Cell
Qsearch_I=7
(measure always
WCDMA cell)

FDD_Qoffset =0 dB
(Reselect to WCDMA in case
CPICH EC/No > -13 dB)
FDD_Qmin=7
(-13 dB)

RSCP

Neighbour WCDMA Cell

Ec/N0
t

Minimum Quality Requirement for WCDMA


reselection (Fdd_Qmin)

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5 sec.

Cell reselection to GSM


GSM cell measurements
available If :
CPICH Ec/No-QqualMin

< Ssearch_RAT

In First Ranking the strongest


GSM or WCDMA cell is found

First ranking of all the cells based on


CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM)
Rs = CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) + Qhyst1
or Rs = RSSI (GSM) + Qhyst1
Rn=CPICH_RSCP(n) or RXLEV(n)-Qoffset1

Yes

Cell re-selection
to GSM

In Second Ranking the best


WCDMA cell (CPICH Ec/No) is
found

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Serving cell calculation


with hysteresis parameter
Neighbour cell
calculation with offset
parameter

Rn higher in GSM cell No

Second ranking only for WCDMA cells based


On CPICH Ec/No
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
Rn=CPICH_Ec/No(n)-Qoffset2
Cell re-selection to
WCDMA cell of highest
R value
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Key Parameters for GSM reselection


Ssearch_RAT (default value= 0 dB) & Qqualmin (default value=-20 dB)
At a CPICH EcNo =Qqualmin-Ssearch_RAT or lower, the terminal will start
measuring the GSM cells. With default values, the terminal is ordered to
camp on 3G at CPICH EcNo levels above -20 dB.
Ssearch _RAT should be set such that with the CPICH Ec/No of -13 dB or
lower GSM measurements should start.
To have reasonable good quality but also easy cell access selection the
Qqualmin could be set higher value = -17 dB
=> Ssearch_RAT would need to be 2 (4dB) to give a theshold at -13 dB.

Qhyst1 (default value= 4 dB)


Since the Ssearch_RAT will be optimized to start the GSM measurements
at the lowest possible CPICH EcNo level, the difference between the 3G
serving cell and GSM neighbour cell should be low enough (e.g. between
0 and 3 dB) so that the terminal can move to the GSM cell quickly.

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Nokia Strategy: reselect to GSM early


HCS not yet supported by NMP UE

Qmeas (CPICH Ec/No)

Serving WCDMA Cell

Rs

AdjgQoffset1=0 dB

Qqualmin= -17 dB

Squals

Rs
Cell re-selection
To GSM

Neighbour GSM Cell

SsearchRAT=
2 (4 dB)

GSM Measurements starts when


Squal= CPICH Ec/No-Qqualmin
< SsearchRAT:
CPICH Ec/No< -14 dB
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Qhyst1=4 dB

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How to avoid 3G<->2G ping pong


When phone is camped on 3G, GSM measurements can start when CPICH
Ec/Io of serving cell is below Ssearch_RAT + QqualMin.
When phone is camped on GSM, cell reselection to 3G is possible if CPICH
Ec/Io of the candidate is above FDD_Qmin.
Therefore, to avoid ping pongs between 3G and GSM the following
condition should be met:
FDD_Qmin >= QqualMin+Ssearch_RAT
CPICH Ec/Io

FDD_Qmin >= -13 dB


QqualMin +Ssearch_RAT
Ssearch_RAT=4 dB

QqualMin=-17 dB

Camping on 3G

Camping on GSM

Camping on 3G
t

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Contents
Introduction
Compressed mode case
ISHO Parameters Optimisation
ISHO Signalling Steps

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ISHO step 1/19: Network Signalling (Iub and Iu-CS DL/UL)


Ue

NodeB
RRC: Measurement Control (CPICH Ec/No & CPICH RSCP indication TRUE)

RNC

MGW

RRC: Measurement Report (event 1F)


NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit
RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration
RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
NBAP: Compressed Mode Command (CFN, TGPSI2)
RRC: Measurement Control (GSM RSSI, CFN, TGPSI2)
RRC: Measurement Report (GSM RSSI, BCCH ARFCN)
NBAP: Compressed Mode Command (CFN, TGPSI3)
RRC: Measurement Control (BSIC, CFN, TGPSI3)
RRC: Measurement Report (BSIC, GSM Cell index)
RRC: Handover from UTRAN Command

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RANAP: Reloc.Req.
RANAP: Reloc.Com.

ISHO step 2/19:


RRC: Measurement Control
(DL)

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ISHO step 3/19:


RRC: Measurement Report
(UL)

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ISHO step 4/19:


NBAP: Radio Link
Reconfiguration
Prepare (DL)

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ISHO step 5/19: NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready/Commit (UL/DL)

42

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 6/19:


RRC: Physical
Channel
Reconfiguration
(DL)

43

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 7/19: RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (UL)

44

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 8/19:


NBAP: Compressed
Mode Command (CFN,
TGPSI2, DL)

45

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 9/19:


RRC: Measurement
Control (GSM RSSI,
CFN, TGPSI2, DL)

46

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 10/19: RRC: Measurement Report (GSM RSSI, BCCH ARFCN, UL)

47

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 11/19: NBAP:


Compressed Mode
Command (CFN, TGPSI3,
DL)

48

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 12/19: RRC:


Measurement
Control (BSIC, CFN,
TGPSI3, DL)

49

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 13/19: RRC: Measurement Report (verified BSIC, UL)

50

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 14/19: handover required


and handover command in A i/f

51

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step
15/19:
handover
request in A i/f

52

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 16/19: handover command in A i/f

53

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 17/19: RRC: handover from UTRAN command (DL)

54

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 18/19: ch. act., ho detect and ho complete in Abis i/f

55

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

ISHO step 19/19:


handover detect and
handover complete in
A i/f

56

NOKIA

Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials

Company Confidential

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